9/11/11 3:04 PM

1. Facts about anterior teeth:

All are single rooted

There are 6 in each arch

Important in F, V, T, D, S phonetics.

2. What is the difference between an anatomical crown and clinical crown?

The anatomical crown is the portion of tooth covered by enamel.

The clinical crown is the portion of tooth that is visible.

3. What are proximal surfaces and what are distal surfaces?

Proximal surfaces are surfaces that face other teeth (can be mesial

or facial, but not all inclusive.)

o For example, third molars have a mesial surface that is

considered both proximal and axial, but their distal surfaces

are not proximal, only axial (since they do not touch a tooth

distally.)

Axial surfaces are all surfaces of teeth that are parallel to long axis

of tooth: ie, M F D L.

4. What are lingual ridges and which teeth are they unique to?

They extend from cingulum to cusp on CANINES only.

They divide the lingual surface into a mesial and distal lingual fossa.

They are considered to be positive anatomy.

5. Which teeth have lingual and facial cervical ridges?

All anterior teeth have both.

Posterior teeth only have FACIAL cervical ridges, on the lingual side

it is considered simply to be a “lingual height of contour.”

6. What are the positive anatomical landmarks and where are they located?

Cusps, ridges, cingulum, tubercles.

7. What are triangular fossa?

Triangular shaped depressions found on occlusal surface of

posterior teeth. The bases of these triangles are MARGINAL RIDGES.

8. What is the developmental groove on the permanent tooth?

A linear depression between primary parts of the tooth.

Present on posterior teeth only.

9.

10. Know how to name specific line angles. Ie:

11. What specific anatomical points border the occlusal table

Crests of marginal ridges mesially and distally, crests of cuspal

ridges, and cusp tips facially and lingually.

12. Know all of the eruption dates of the primary teeth.

13. Initial memorization of primary dentition occurs prior to birth, while

mineralization of permanent dentition is entirely postnatal.

14. When does the primary maxillary canine exfoliate and what erupts in

relation to it?

It is exfoliated at 11 years of age (after incisors and first molar,

before second molar.

Permanent canine comes in at 11.5 years, first premolar comes in at

10 years.

15. What is present and what is not present in a patient between 3-4?

Root formation is complete by 39 months for all primary teeth.

Occlusion is reached at 3 years of age (primary tooth eruption is

now considered complete.)

NO permanent teeth have eruped (first one erupts at 6 years.)

Permanent third molars have not begun initial calcification.

16. Know all of these things:

Calcification begins at about 13-16 weeks in utero

All primary teeth have initiated calcification at 18-20 weeks

in utero

Mandibular teeth usually erupt before namesakes in the

opposing maxilla

Females usually exhibit eruption timeframes sooner than

males

Initial Mineralization of the Primary Dentition is entirely

prenatal

Maxillary 2nd molar is the last primary tooth to emerge

around 29 months of age

Root formation is complete for all primary teeth by 3 ¼ yrs.

(39 mo.) of age

Primate space begins to form at age 4

Primary tooth occlusion is evident at age 3

17. Permanent first molars are guided by the primary second molars.

Crown needs to be completely formed before erupted.

18. What are some reasons that permanent teeth could be malpositioned or

crowded?

Premature loss of primary teeth may lead to a lack of space (jaw

has not grown yet.)

Dental neglect, congenital absence, or anomalies.

19. Know specific ages for permanent tooth eruption:

First molar always comes out first (6 months)

Maxillary canine comes AFTER the premolars (tend to see crowding)

20. Order of eruption for mandibular teeth:

First molars (6 years of age)

Central incisors

Lateral incisors

Canine

First premolar

Second premolar

Second molar

Third molar

21. What is present at ten years of age?

Can still see primary 2nd molars. (they shed at 11)

Maxillary canine erupts AFTER the premolars.

22. What is in the mouth at 11 and 12 years of age?

All primary teeth are exfoliated by 12.

Permanent dentition occlusion is not yet complete.

Second molars are now erupting.

Third molars do not erupt until 19.

23. Important things regarding dental pulp:

It is considered to be connective tissue containing arteries, veins,

nerves, and a lymphatic system.

Pulp chamber shrinks over time as tooth ages.

Dental pulp has three functions, it’s primary function is to form the

dentin.

24. What is the type of arch alignment terminology associated with humans

We have partially isognathus arch alignment which means that we

are almost equal jawed, but maxillary arch is a bit larger.

25. There are four types of classification for cusp forms in mammals and

they are:

HAPLODONT – single cone structure.

Triconodont – three cusps in a straight line.

Tritubercular Molars: Three cusps in a primary triangle

Quadritubuercular molar: Four cusps in a rectangular or rhomboid

form.

26. Know the human mandibular molar cusp names:

Protoconid = MF

Hypoconid = DF

Hypoconulid = Distal Cusp (accessory cusp, not always present)

Metaconid = ML

Entoconid = DL

Clockwise starting at MF cusp = P M E H (two H’s if hypoconulid is

present) Purple Magazines Erect Helicopters

27. On a permanent maxillary molar, which cusps comprise the

trigon/primary cusp triangle?

Mesiofacial, distofacial, mesiolingual

28. Which teeth possess anterior transverse ridges and what anatomical

entity is affected by its presence?

ONLY on permanent maxillary molars.

Confluent with mesial marginal ridge, obliterate much of the mesial

triangular fossa.

29. Which arch is bigger?

Maxillry arch (widthwise from third molar to third molar, as well as

just generally wider.)

Both archs are elliptical.

30. Individual alignment of mandibular teeth:

Lateral incisor deviate least from facial line (0 degrees), second

molar deviates most from facial line (14 degrees)

Premolars deviate least from proximal line (9 degrees), lateral

incisors deviate most from proximal line (23 degrees)

31. Facts regarding Plane of Occlusion:

Not flat.

Teeth are positioned at various inclinations

Combination of Curve of Wilson and Curve of Spee.

32. Which two teeth have only one antagonist on opposite arch?

Mandibular central incisors and maxillary third molars.

33. What are the points of contact on maxillary anterior teeth?

Central incisor

o Mesial = incisal third

o Distal = junction of incisal and middle third.

Lateral incisor

o Mesial = junction of incisal and middle third

o Distal = middle third

Canine

o Mesial = junction of incisal and middle third

o Distal = middle third

34. From an incisal view, anterior tooth proximal contacts are centered:

FACIOLINGUALLY.

Each anterior tooth contact is considered equidistant from

respective facial and lingual profiles

35. What are points of contact on mandibular anterior teeth?

Central incisor

o Mesial = incisal third

o Distal = incisal third

Lateral incisor

o Mesial = incisal third

o Distal = incisal third

Canine

o Mesial = incisal third

o Distal = MIDDLE THIRD (only one that’s different)

36. What is the height of contour (cervical ridge length from cervical line) on

maxillary anterior facial and lingual surfaces?

½ mm located in cervical 1/3

37. What is the height of contour on maxillary posterior teeth facial and

lingual surfaces?

On facial it is ½ mm located in cervical 1/3

On lingual, it is ½ mm located in MIDDLE 1/3 (teeth are much

shorter in the molars, so it looks similar to height of contours on

other teeth, but relative to the molar it is in the middle.)

38. What are the heights of contour for mandibular teeth?

All of the facial = ½ mm in cervical 1/3

On lingual surfaces:

o Anterior teeth = ½ mm in cervical 1/3

o Premolars = ½ mm in middle 1/3

o Molars = 1 mm in middle 1/3

39. What is the height of contour for all facial surfaces of teeth in both

arches?

½ mm in cervical 1/3

40. Cervical ridges are most prominent in which teeth?

Mandibular posterior teeth.

41. Cervical ridges are least prominent on which teeth?

Mandibular anterior teeth.

42. On all of posterior teeth in both arches, the height of contour on lingual

surfaces are at the middle 1/3 of crown except for which tooth?

Mandibular 2nd premolar (occurs in OCCLUSAL 1/3rd)

43. Important things about CEJ (cervical line) when looking at it from a

mesial or distal perspective

CEJ curves in a coronal direction (UP!)

Anterior teeth have most measurable curvature

Molars have little or no curve.

Mesial side of tooth always has greatest curvature.

Maxillary central incisor: 3.5 mm mesially, 2.5 mm distally.

44. The most severe CEJ curvature can be found on which tooth?

Maxillary central incisor (mesially)

45. Least severe CEJ curvature can be found on which tooth?

Mandibular third molar (distally)

46. Periodontal fibers:

Oblique fibers: resist forceful impaction of tooth into alveolus.

(Found on sides of roots distally)

Transseptal fibers: connect one tooth to an adjacent tooth across

interproximal space.

47. The more incisal or occlusal the contact area, the _______ the

interproximal space is?

Greater

9/11/11 3:04 PM

9/11/11 3:04 PM