terminology of nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
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TerminologyofNervous SystemPresented by
Dr Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mohsen,student of Medicine from Iran,Kashan 19/12/2012
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The Nervous System Roots
• Neuro/neuri: nerve• Neurology• Neurectasia• Neurectomy• Neurectopia• Neurilemmitis• Neuroglia• Neuroplasty• Neurorrhaphy • Neurapraxia
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The Nervous System Roots• Neuro/neuri: nerve
• Neurilemoma: Neurilemma : a tumor of a peripheral nerve sheath Schwannoma : the most common type of neurogenic tumor, usually benign.Neurofibrosarcoma : neurofibroma-malignant type
• Neuroastrocytoma• Neurinoma• Neurocytoma :
1. edulloepithelioma(neuroepithelioma) 2. ganglioneuroma
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The Nervous System Roots• Neuro/neuri: nerve
• Neurulation• Neuroblast• Neuroblastoma• Neuromere • Neuroendoscope • Neuranagenesis• Neuromalacia • Neuropathy • Neurophysin • Neuropore • Neurosis
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The Nervous System Roots
• Neuro/neuri: nerve• neurolysis: (neurolyt'ic adj.)
1.release of a nerve sheath by cutting it longitudinally.
2.operative breaking up of perineural adhesions.
3.relief of tension upon a nerve obtained by stretching.
4.destruction or dissolution of nerve tissue.
• Neuroanatomy• Neurosurgery • Neuritis • Neuralgia : Neurodynia
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The Nervous System Roots• Glio/Glia : neuroglia
• Glioma (neuroglioma) • Glioblastoma• Microglia• Ganglio/gangliono:• Ganglioglioma• Gangliocyte• Ganglionectomy• Ganglionostomy• ganglionitis
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The Nervous System Roots
Meningo/Meningio:
• Meningitis
• Meningioma
• Meningocyte
• Meningorrhagia
• Meningococcus (Meningococci)
• Meningocele
• Myelomeningocele
• Encephalomeningocele
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The Nervous System Roots Myelo: spinal cord
• Myeloma1. Myelo : spinal cord
2. Myelo: Bone (e.g ) myeloblast, myelomatosis or multiple myeloma and …
• Myelitis: 1. inflammation of the spinal cord; often expanded to include noninflammatory spinal cord lesions.
2. inflammation of the bone marrow (osteomyelitis).
• Myelopathy:1. any functional disturbance and/or pathological change in the spinal cord; often used to denote nonspecific lesions, as opposed to myelitis.
2. pathological bone marrow changes.
• Myelography• Myelatrophy • myelomalacia• Myeloschisis• Poliomyelitis : polio- (“gray matter”)• syringomyelia ( Syringe:tube/cavity)
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The Nervous System Roots
Radiculo: root• Radiculopathy• Radiculalgia• Radiculitis• Radiculectomy
Encephalo: brain• Encephalitis• Encphaloma• Encephalotomy• Encephalography• Encephalopathy• Encephalomalacia• Encephalolith• encephalopyosis • anencephaly
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The Nervous System Roots Cerebro: brain
• Cerebralcerebrocostomandibular syndrome
cerebrohepatorenal syndrome
• Cerebritis
• Cerebrosis
• Cerebrospinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Cerebrovascularcerebrovascular disease brain disorder
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) synonym for a cerebral stroke
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The Nervous System Roots
• Ventriculo: ventricle
• Ventriculitis
• Supraventricular
• Periventricular
• Ventriculostomy
• Ventriculotomy
• Ventriculoscopy
• ventriculometry
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The Nervous System Roots
Thalamo: thalamus• Thalamic: Thalamic• Spinothalamic• Thalamocortical• Thalamostriate Cortico: • Corticospinal• Corticotomy• Corticopontine
(O!O! Don’t mix up all above with Corticosteroid)
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The Nervous System Roots
Cerebello:• Spinocerebellar : cerebellospinal• Cerebellopontine• Corticopontocerebellar• Cerebellovestibular
• Cerebellitis
• Medullo:
• Extramedullary
• Intramedullary
• Medulloblastoma
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The Nervous System Roots
Psycho: soul, mind• Psychology• Psychiatry• Psychoanalysis• Psychotherapy• Psychotic:
1. pertaining to, characterized by, or caused by psychosis.
2. a person exhibiting psychosis.
• Psychogenic• Psychosis• psychosomatic
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The Nervous System Roots
Narc: sleep• Narcolepsy• Narcosis• Narcotic:
1. pertaining to or producing narcosis.
2. an agent that produces insensibility or stupor, especially an opioid.
• Narcissism• Narcoanalysis• Narcohypnosis
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The Nervous System Roots
• Somno: sleep
• Insomnia
• Somnambulism
• somnifacient
• Somnolent(somnolentia): 1. drowsiness, or somnolence.
2. sleep drunkenness.
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM SUFFIX
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The Nervous System Suffix
-phasia: speech
• Aphasia(auditory aphasia=word deafness)
• Dysphasia (agrammatism)
• Heterophasia
• Heteroplasia
• Monophasia
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The Nervous System Suffix
-lalia: speech
• Alalia
• Dyslalia : paralalia
• Coprolalia
• Laloplegia
• Lalorrhea : logorrhea
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The Nervous System Suffix
• -lexia: reading
• Alexia (word blindness)
• Dyslexia
• -graphia: writing
• Agraphia
• Dysgraphia
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The Nervous System Suffix
-plegia: paralysis
• Diplegia
• Paraplegia
• Tetraplgia
• -paresis: weakness
• Hemiparesis
• Paraparesis
• Monoparesis
• Quadriparesis
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The Nervous System Suffix -lepsy: seizure
• Epilepsy
• epileptogenic
• epileptiform
• Catalepsy (Cata:lower,under e.g catalysis)
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The Nervous System Suffix
• -mania: excited state
• Manic: suffix meaning “morbid attraction to” or “impulse toward”
• Manic-deprssive
• Hypermanic:
• Hypomania
• Pyromania
• Megalomania
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The Nervous System Suffix
-phobia: abnormal fear suffix meaning “morbid or unreasonable fear”
• Claustrophobia:• Hydrophobia:
1. irrational fear of water.
2. choking, gagging, and fear on attempts to drink in the paralytic phase of rabies.
3. former term for rabies.
• Photophobia• Acrophobia• Agoraphbia• Claustrophobia• Xenophobia
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The Nervous System Suffix
-phobia: abnormal fear
• Homophobia
• Xenoglossophobia
• Cancerophobia
• Necrophobia
• Tocophobia
• Scotophobia
• Nyctophobia
• Eremophobia
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The Nervous System Suffix
-phobia: abnormal fear
• pyrophobia
• demophobia: ochlophobia
• Phasmophobia
• brontophobia: tonitrophobia :keraunophobia
• Zoophobia
• Arachnophobia
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The Nervous System Suffix
-phobia: abnormal fear
• Apiphobia
• Ornithophobia
• Ailurophobia
• Cynophobia
• Ichthyophobia
• Entomophobia
• Ophidiophobia
• Musophobia
• Panophobia
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The Senses suffixes
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The Sensessuffixes
-esthesia: sensation• Hyperesthesia
• Hypoesthesia:
• Anesthesia:1. loss of sensation, usually by damage to a nerve or receptor.
2. loss of the ability to feel pain, caused by administration of a drug or other medical intervention.
• Dysesthesia:1. distortion of any sense, especially of the sense of touch.
2. an unpleasant abnormal sensation produced by normal stimuli. dysesthet'ic, adj.
auditory dysesthesia
• Cryesthesia
• Paresthesia : numbness
• Graphestesia
• kinesthesia
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The Senses suffixes
-algesia: pain• Hypalgesia:
• Hyperalgesia
• Analgesia1. absence of sensibility to pain.
2. the relief of pain without loss of consciousness.
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Other Terms
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Other Terms• Agnosia• Amnesia• sterognosia• Dementia• Astrocytoma• Duritis• Cordotomy• lobectomy : leukotomy• lobotomy • Pallidotomy• Craniectomy
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Other Terms• craniotomy • Thalamotomy • Tractotomy• paranoia Greek word for “madness”
paranoid personality disorder
• Schizophreniaschisis :cleaving/splitting/parting schiz/o: split
phren/o, psych/o, thym/o :mind
• catatonia: A phase of schizophrenia
• sedative : Latin sedativus Agent that relieves feelings of agitation.• rachischisis: (synonymous with spina bifida) Rachi (From a Greek
word rhachis, meaning spine.)
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Other Terms• pachymeningitis : pachy : thick : Duramatter• Leptomeningitis : Lepto : thin : archnoid + piamatter• Autonomic nervous system
auto- (“self”); nom- (“name”); -ic (adjective suffix)
• Dendrite dendrites (Greek, “relating to a tree”)
• Diencephalon di- (“through”); encephal/o (“brain”)
• Dura mater from durus (Latin for “hard”) and mater (Latin for “mother”)
• Hypothalamus hyp/o (“below”); thalamos (Greek word for “bed”)
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Other Terms• Medulla oblongata
medius (Latin for “middle”); oblongus (Latin for “long”)
• Meninges the plural form of meninx (Greek for “membrane”)
• Mesencephalon mes/o (“middle”); encephal/o (“brain”)
• Pons pons (Latin word for “bridge”)
• Ventricles from ventriculus (Latin word for “belly”)
• Sciatica from sciaticus (Latin for “hip”)
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Other Terms• Seizure
from saisir (French verb meaning “to grasp”)
• Syncope Greek word for “swoon” fainting
• contrecoup injury(from French, meaning “counterblow”)
• multiple sclerosismultiple (common English word); scleros (Greek word for “hard”); -osis (“condition”)
• Hemiballismus
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The EndThank you