tension in the west
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U.S. History Chapter 23. Tension in the West. Not just a fight about land. Fight was about two different cultures and ways of seeing the world. Settlers: owning plot of land meant freedom Native Americans : owning a plot of land was like being tied down or in jail - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tension in the West
U.S. HistoryChapter 23
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Not just a fight about land.Fight was about two different cultures
and ways of seeing the world.Settlers: owning plot of land meant
freedomNative Americans: owning a plot of land
was like being tied down or in jail
verses
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Nez Perce’ “Pierced nose” Named by French Expert horsemen and breeders (Appaloosa Oregon, Washington, Idaho After Civil War- Nez Perce’ way of life changed
forever
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Always non violent Until….. 1860’s miners and influx of lots of
settlersSome Nez Perce’ bands sign treaty and move
to Lapwai Reservation in IdahoChief Joseph’s band (in the Wallowa Valley in
eastern Oregon) refuses to sign treaty Aided Lewis and Clark
Chief Joseph’s tribe move under threat of war
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Let the fighting beginFirst: A few angry N.A.s leave camp and
kill several white settlersNext: Army responds and ignore the
N.A.’s white flag Finally: In the end 34 soldiers were dead
Result: First time ever any violence from the
Nez Perce’
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Off to Canada
1. 3 months, Nez Perce’ wander over 1,000 miles, being chased by the Army all the way. 40 miles from Canadian border, they were forced to surrender.
2. Stuck in Oklahoma3. Many sick and dying4. Tried to negotiate a deal so they could be reunited
with bands in Lapwai, some got to go others sent to Washington state.
5. Chief Joseph dies of a broken heart once in Washington
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New interest in the west
Two laws:Homestead Act Pacific Railroad Act
160 acres free if land Transcontinental RR Is cleared and stay (connect Union Pacific to Central
on land for five years Pacific)
Free land for every mile of tracks
Result:in 40 years, 6 million came for the land, 170,000 miles of tract laid
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The race is on !( who will get the most land, loans, and profit?)
Goal: Two RR line meet somewhere between the starting part of each
Problem- It was HARD work Surveyors study land and plan routeGraders follow and prepare the land(using picks and shovels to get through hills and mountains) Tracklayers (one track weighing 700 lbs.)
Spikers (ten spikes per rail, three hammer blows per spike)
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Union Pacific heads west
Slow start Civil War General leads
construction 1000 workers Irish Ex-soldiers, Mexicans, freed
slaves 7miles of tract each day Tent cities Buffalo slaughtered makes N.A.
mad Call in 5,000 troops to protect
crew
Central Pacific heads east
Different problems Silver discovers at same time,
many crew members left tracks
Chinese workers hired to replace missing crew
About 12,000 in all 10 miles of track each day
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May 10, 1869 At last, they meet!
1800 miles of track“Golden Spike”
New RR allowed for: new settlers to go west, the construction of new towns and cities, mail and supply delivery
No one acknowledges Chinese contribution!
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Who came next?The Miners!
Gold 1848 Silver 1874 California, Oregon. Washington
Nevada, Montana, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico
Discovery of gold/silver
Mining camps (boomtowns)
Lawlessness
Vigilantes
Ghost towns
Si
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Native Americans run off their land
Land damaged
Opened West’s mountains and deserts
Mining Changes the West
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Ranchers and Cowboys
Lots of cattle in TexasCattle needed in Eastern
Cattle cost $3 a head Cattle sold $50 a head
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Bye Bye Buffalo
Buffalo hunters follow the railroad, killing all the way. Native Americans needed buffalo in order to survive.
Congress passes no kill billPres. Grant will not sign
By 1880, almost all buffalo dead forcing Native Americans onto reservations in order not to starve
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Thank goodness for the railroad!
“Long drive” from Texas to Kansas From Kansas cattle shipped to NE on Railroads.
Saved time and money
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A cowboy’s life on the trailPoor pay
Boring
Long hours
Fear
Dangerous
Nasty living conditions
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Welcome to Dodge City “The wicked little city”
Home of Boot Hill
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The “Long Drive” ends1887
Cattle industry collapsed
-“Great Die-up”- -Fenced in ranches-
- Cowboys become ranch hands --Wild cow towns become civilized
ranching centers-
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Who were the Homesteaders?
Followed rancher to “Great American Desert”Normally dry land enjoys an unusual wet phase, encouraged more
homesteaders
-500,000 by 1900
-Promise of cheap or free land
-Former slaves
-European immigrants
-Easterners looking for a new starts
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Boy, did they get scammed!
Huge challenges:Unreliable rainHotLocusts large grasshoppers Solutions:Windmills to get water from deep
undergroundSod housesWinter Wheat
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Black Hills of the Dakota Territory(Sacred land to Sioux)
Recognized by U.S.A. government Sioux land George Custer looking for place to build a fort
( he was really looking for gold)
Small wars erupt in 1860’sBy 1870’s, who gets what is settled…. Not so fairly!
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Bad time for the Natives
Agreement: Native American settle on reservations and will get food, farm tools, and
schools. U.S. get their land
How did that work out for the Natives???? It didn’tFood never came or was spoiledResult:Hungry Natives attach settlersSoldiers kill Natives
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Custer realizes that there is gold in the
Black Hills. He wants the gold.One problem……
the land belongs to the SiouxWhat happens-
Fights for the land break out between the Army and the Sioux.
Enter: the GOVERNMENT, they will fix it
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Government invites Native Americans to move out of the Black Hill so miners can get gold.Battle of Little Big Horn or Custer’s Last
Stand Custer was ordered to locate Sioux and Cheyenne, but to
do nothing else. Custer attaches anyway. In a few short minutes all of Custer’s 260 men where dead….so was he.
Native Americans were soon forced out of their homeland, no more Indian battles
NOT