tens and trans

8/10/2019 Tens and Trans

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Work Book for General English 149

TENSESTENSESTENSESTENSESTENSES ANDANDANDANDAND TRANSLATRANSLATRANSLATRANSLATRANSLATIONTIONTIONTIONTION

TENSE :TENSE :TENSE :TENSE :TENSE :

Tense is a change in the verb to express time.

Tense comes from a word meaning time

There are three great divisions of time - Present, Past and Future.

The name Tense is given to the different forms of verbs which denote them.

The verb is the only kind of word which by its own forms can point at time. The

English verb has only two tenses formed by inflection, the present and

Past. The Future is formed by the help of other verbs.

The Present Tense denotes that the action is going on now; as I love, I am

loving. The Past Tense denotes that the action took place, or was going on, in

time past; as, I saw him; He was walking. The Future Tense denotes that the

action is yet to take place. It is formed by the means of the verbs shall or

will, followed by the infinitive; as, I shall go; He will go.

Each tense has four forms Indefinite; Imperfect (Progressive, Incomplete

and Continuous are other names); perfect; perfect continuous.

An action simply mentioned is said to be Indefinite; as I play, I played, I shall

play. An action mentioned as still going on is said to be imperfect. It is formed

by means of the verb be and the imperfect participle (ing form); as, I am

playing, I was playing, I shall be playing. An action mentioned as finished is

said to be perfect. It is formed by means of the verb have (has, had as

derivatives) and the perfect participle (past participle form of the verb i.e. III

form); as, I have played, I had played, I shall have played. The active voice

has a fourth form called the Perfect Continuous. It expresses an action going

on up to the present time; as, I have been writing -
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Work Book for General English150

Look at the given pictures carefully and try to understand and follow the

patterns :

Table - 1

Table - 2

Imperfect

Continuous Perfect

Indefinite Perfect

Continuous

Iplay.

(firstformof

theverb)

Iamplaying.

Heisplaying.

Youareplaying.

Ihaveplayed.

Shehasplayed.

Shehasbeen

playing

Ihavebeen

playing

for2hr

s/since

mor

ning.

am / is / are

+ verb 1st

form + ing

PRES

ENT

TEN

SE

have /

has +

verb in3rdform

have /

has +

verb +ing

Imperfect

Continuous Perfect

Indefinite Perfect

ContinuousIplayed.

Iwasplaying.

Wewereplaying.

Ihadplayed.

Ihad

beenp

laying.

verb in

(2nd

) pastform

PAST

TENSE

had +

verb in3rdform

had /

been +verb +

ing

was / were

+ verb+ingin 1stform


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In present simple / indefinite tense verb in its first form is used eg.,

I eat mangoes.

You eat mangoes.

He eats mangoes.

She eats mangoes.

Neeta eats mangoes.

He goes to school.

For affirmative sentences do/does is not used until it is used for emphasis as in

I do eat mangoes(in Hindi - )

In Past Simple Indefinite Tense for affirmative sentences did, is not used until,

it is used for emphasis, as in I did eat mangoes. ( in Hindi - )To translate a sentence is to change it from one language to another without

altering its sense / meaning. We will discuss first the simple / indefinite form of

present, past & future tense.

AfAfAfAfAffffffiririririrmamamamamatititititivvvvve Sentencese Sentencese Sentencese Sentencese Sentences

With singular subject he / she/ it,

names verb takes s or es

Present

P

AST

Simple /

Indefinite

Structure :

Sub + verb 1stform +

other words.I + drive + a car

Singular subject

Sub + verb 1st form + s/es+ other words

She+drives + a car.

F

UTURE

Structure :

Sub + verb 2ndform

+ other words.I + drove + a car.

You drove a car.

They drove a car.

Structure :

I + shall + verb 1st

form + other words.

I shall drive a car.

He/She/They / We +will + verb in 1stform

+ other words.

We+will+drive+a car.

I shall drive a car.


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Translate the following sentences into English :

e.g. Present Past Future

/ /

I do not drive a car. I did not drive a car. I shall not drive a car.

fl / fl /

He/She does not drives a car. He/She did not drive a car. He/She will not drive a car.

.fl.

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

S

_________________ _________________ _________________

- work hard, S - library,

InterInterInterInterInterrrrrrooooogggggaaaaatititititivvvvve Sentencese Sentencese Sentencese Sentencese Sentences

Present

PAS

T

Simple /

Indefinite

Structure :

Do/Does + sub +

verb in 1stform +

other words + ?

Do + I + drive + a car ?

Does he drive a car ?

FUTURE

Structure :

Did + sub + verb in

1stform + other

words + ?

Did + I +drive +a car ?

Did they drive a car ?

Structure :

Will/Shall + sub +

verb in 1stform +other words + ?

Shall+I+ drive+a car?

Will you drive a car?


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/ ? ? /?

Do I drive a car ? Did I drive a car ? Shall I drive a car ?

fl / / fl /?Does he/she drive a car ? Did he/she drive a car ? Will he/she drive a car ?

? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

ExExExExExererererercisecisecisecisecise


v. fl __________________________________

w. ? __________________________________

x. __________________________________

y. $ __________________________________

z. __________________________________

{. __________________________________

|. __________________________________

}. ? __________________________________

~. __________________________________

v. __________________________________


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Lets now discuss the present, past & future progressive in their affirmative,

interrogative and negative forms :

PRPRPRPRPROGRESSIVEOGRESSIVEOGRESSIVEOGRESSIVEOGRESSIVE TENSETENSETENSETENSETENSE




/ / /

I am driving a car. I was driving a car. I shall be driving a car.

/ / / ?You are driving a car. You were driving a car. You will be driving a car.

Past

Structure :

Sub + was/were +

Verb in 1stfrom + ing +

other words.

I +was+driving +a car.

You were driving a car.

Present

Structure :

Sub + is / am / are +

verb + ing + other words.

I am driving a car.

She is driving a car.

You are driving a car.

Future

Structure :

Sub + shall be / will be +


I shall be driving a car.

You will be driving a car.

They will be driving a car.


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S fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

S fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

_________________ _________________ _________________

-journey / travel, - repair, - wakeup

NeNeNeNeNegggggaaaaatititititivvvvve Sentencese Sentencese Sentencese Sentencese Sentences



/ / /

I am not driving a car. I was not driving a car. I shall not be driving a car.

Past

Structure :

Sub + was/were + not +


I+ was+ not driving+ a

car.

Present

Structure :

Sub + is / am / are + not


You+ are +not+driving+ a

car.

Future

Structure :

Sub + shall not be / will not

be + v+ing + other words.

I+shall+not be +driving+

a car.


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/fl /fl fl We/they are not driving We/they were not driving They will not be driving

a car. a car. a car.

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

- participate, - copy, - competition




/ ? / ? / ?

Past

Structure :

was / were + sub +


Was+ I+driving+a car?

PresentStructure :

Is / am / are + sub.


Am+I+driving+a car?

FutureStructure :

Shall/will + sub + be + v

+ing + other words.

Shall + I+ be+driving+ acar?


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Am I driving a car? Was I driving a car? Shall I be driving a car?

fl / ? / ? ?

Is he/she driving a car ? Were you driving a car ? Will you be driving a car ?

? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

S fl

? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl ? fl ? fl

?_________________ _________________ _________________

- wasting time, S - cultural programme, - exercise

Translate these sentences into English.

v. w. fl

___________________________ ________________________________

x. y.

___________________________ ________________________________

z. {.

___________________________ ________________________________

|. fl ? }. ?___________________________ ________________________________

~. ? v. ?

___________________________ ________________________________


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Now we will talk about the perfect form of Present, Past and Future tenses

in various types of sentences i.e. affirmative, negative and interrogative :

PPPPPerferferferferfectectectectect TTTTTenseenseenseenseense


Clear yClear yClear yClear yClear your doubtour doubtour doubtour doubtour doubt

PrPrPrPrPresent Pesent Pesent Pesent Pesent Perferferferferfectectectectect TTTTTenseenseenseenseense

I / We / You / They have

He / She / It has

PPPPPast Past Past Past Past Perferferferferfectectectectect TTTTTenseenseenseenseense

* I / We / You / Theyhad

He / She / It.



/ / /

You have driven a car. You had driven a car. You will have driven a car.

Future

Structure :

sub + shall / will + have + Verb

3rdform + other words.

I+shall+have+driven+a

car.

Present

Structure :

sub + has/have + verb 3

rd

form + other words.

I +have +driven+a car.

Past

Structure :

sub + had + verb 3rdform +

other words.

I+ had +driven+ a car.


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fl/ fl/ They/we have driven a car. They/we had driven a car. We shall have driven a car.

Meena has driven a car. Meena had driven a car. Meena will have driven a car.

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________


Future

Structure :

sub + Shall / will + not + have +

verb 3rdform + other words.

I+ shall +not +have +driven+a car.

We will not have driven a car.

PresentStructure :

sub + have/has + not + verb


I +have+ not +driven+ a car.

She has not driven a car.

Past

Structure :

sub + had + not + verb 3rd

form + other words.

I+ had+ not+ driven+ a car.


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/ / /

I have not driven a car. I had not driven a car. I shall not have driven a car.fl/ fl/ They/we have not driven a car. They/we had not driven a car. We shall not have driven a car.

S

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

- experiment,


Future

Structure :

Shall / will + sub + have + Verb


Shall+I+have+driven+the car?

Will you have driven a car?

Present

Structure :

Have/Has + sub + verb 3rd

form + other words.

Has he/she driven a car?

Have + I +driven +a car ?

Past

Structure :Had + sub + verb 3rdform +

other words.

Had +I +driven +a car ?


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/ / / ? ? ?

Have I driven a car? Had I driven a car? Shall I have driven a car ? fl / fl fl ? / ? / ?Has he/she driven Had he/she driven Will she/he have

a car? a car? driven a car?

? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl .fl.

? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

- exhibition, fl - boat, - news, - fair

Translate these following sentences into English :

v. S w. fl

___________________________ ________________________________

x. y. .fl.

___________________________ ________________________________

z. {.

___________________________ ________________________________


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|. ? }. ?

___________________________ ________________________________

~. ? v. ?

___________________________ ________________________________

Finally we will see the perfect continuous form of Present, Perfect and Future

Tenses in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.

PPPPPerferferferferfect Prect Prect Prect Prect Prooooogggggrrrrressiessiessiessiessivvvvveeeee TTTTTenseenseenseenseense


Clear your doubt

Since- we use since when we say

the start of a period ( 8 o clock,monday, 1985 etc):

I have been driving a car since 9 o clock.

9 o clock --------------> now

For - we use for when we say period of time (two hours, six weeks etc.)

I have been driving the car for two hours.

Two hours ago --------------> now



/ / /

I have been driving a car I had been driving a car I shall have been driving

since 9 O clock. since 9 O clock. a car for two hours.

Past

Structure :sub + had + been +

verb Istform + ing + other words.

I +had +been +driving +a car **for two hours.

Present

Structure :sub + have/has + been +


I+have+been+driving+a car *since 9 o clock.

Future

Structure :sub + will/shall + have +

been + verb Istform + ing + other words.I+shall+have+been+driving+a car for two hours.


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fl / fl / He/She has been driving We had been driving They will have been driv-

a car for two hours. a car for two hours. ing a car for two hours.

fl flZ

_________________ _________________ _________________

wy

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

- field, - wait, - flood


Past

Structure :sub + had + not + been +

verb Istform + ing + other words.I +had +not+been+ driving+ a car since 9 o clock.

Present

Structure :sub + have/has + not +

been + verb Istform+ing + other words.

I+ have+ not+ been+ driving+ a car

since 9 o clock.

Future

Structure:sub + Shall/will + not + have +

been + verb Istform+ing + other words.

I +shall +not +have +been +driving +a

car since nine o clock.


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/ / /

You have not been You had not been I will not have beendriving a car since driving a car since driving a car since

9 o clock. 9 o clock. 9 o clock.

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

S fl

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

_________________ _________________ _________________


Present

Structure :Have/Has + sub + been +


Have+I+been+driving+a car since nine o clock?

PastStructure :Had + sub +been + verb Ist

form+ing + other words.

Had+I+been+driving+a car since 9 o

clock?

FutureStructure:Shall/will + sub + have + been

+ verb Istform+ing + other words.

Shall+ I+ have+ been+ driving+ a car

since 9 o clock?


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/ ? / ? / ?

Have you been Had you been Will you have beendriving a car since driving a car since driving a car since

9 o clock? 9 o clock? 9 o clock?

- v ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl

? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl fl # ? ? ?

_________________ _________________ _________________

fl - speaker, - speech, - voter


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WWWWWororororord wd wd wd wd whichichichichich arh arh arh arh are ge ge ge ge going to help yoing to help yoing to help yoing to help yoing to help you in trou in trou in trou in trou in translaanslaanslaanslaanslatingtingtingtingting

the sentences:the sentences:the sentences:the sentences:the sentences:

1. - home

2. - kitchen

3. - sofa

4. $ - table

5. - food / meal

6. fl - rice

7. - breakfast

8. - spoon

9. - apple

10. - go

11. - eat

12. - get up

13. fl - rain

14. - wash clothes

15. - ring the bell

16. - sleep

17. - play

18. - talk

19. - bathe / take bath

20. $ - market

21. - buy

22. - fruits

23. - vegetables

24. - outside

25. / - in / inside

26. - clouds

27. - bright / shiny

28. - weather

29. - write

30. - read / study

31. - chair

32. - day

33. - night

34. - laugh

35. - cry / weep

36. fl - wall

37. - stairs

38. - books

39. - fan

40. - marks

41. - good

42. - bad

43. - cupboard

44. ( ) - watch

45. (fl ) - clock

46. S - bag

47. - blackboard

tens and trans

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