TEMPER survey design: Challenges and tools

Inma SerranoAmparo González-Ferrer

International Workshop on Methodological Challenges for the Study of Return and Circular Migration

Madrid, January 2015

TEMPER survey

• Survey at origin (to be complemented with existing data at destination)

Argentina, Romania, Senegal and UkraineN = 1000 each aprox

• Will capture temporary migration (by definition), with possibility to capture some repeated/circular migrants

• Individuals in households with migrant experienceReturneesCurrent migrants by proxyLeftbehinds (non-migrants)

Survey(s) in broader context

Register

•Quantify flows & stocks -> patterns of circulation

•Characterize them (basic info)

•Less flexible, “imperfect” definitions

Survey

•(Ideally using register data as sampling frames)

•More complex profiles & patterns of circulation

•Mechanisms: causes (selection, determinants…) & effect (impact, integration/ reintegration)

Qualit

•(Ideally in dialogue with above)

•Target specific & hard to find profiles (e.g. seasonal)

•Describe in detail complex patterns of circulation

•Nuances of motivations, aspirations, rationales & assessment of experience

Objectives of TEMPER survey

1. Analyze selection into return (and circulation)Comparisons between:

1. current migrants & returnees2. different types of returnees (timing, conditions of return...)

2. Analyze impact of return (net of migration)Comparisons:

1. returnees & current migrants 2. left-behinds of returnees & current migrants3. returnees & (current migrants) & non-migrants4. returnees & leftbehinds

Comparisons need multiple target subpopulations

1) Subpop1: returnees ---- repeated/circular2) Subpop2: current migrants3) Subpop3: left-behinds4) Subpop4: non-migrants

How to sample them?

Identifiable only with information about/from other HH members

Minimal requirements for sampling 4 Subpops

Question like... have you ever migrated abroad?

a) No--- Non-migrant

b) Yes--- 1.Returnee

2. Someone in HH has ever migrated?

a) No --- 4.“Pure” non-migrant

b) Yes --- 3.Non-migrant but Left-Behind 2. current migrants by proxy

3. More than once?

a) 1st time returnee

b) Repeated migrant-returnee

4. To the same country /which countries? Non-circular

Circular

Limitations for proper sampling of the 4 Subpops

ArgentinaCENSUS 2010 + EPH survey (2013)

RomaniaCENSUS 2010

SenegalCENSUS 2013

UkraineLMS survey (2008)

Individual migratory experience (all 4 Subpops)

C/EPH: “In another country” 5 years ago / currently

-Persons currently living abroad- Residents who ever resided abroad

Place of residence 10, 5 and 1 years ago

-Persons currently living abroad-Persons who were abroad in 2005-2008 period

Plural migratory experiences -> repeated mig

X X Place of residence 10, 5 and 1 years ago

Amount of trips in the 2005-2008 period

Destinations of repeated migrations -> circular

X Country (1) other than Romania where person has ever/last resided

Place of residence 10, 5 and 1 years ago

Country of 1st and last migration in 2005-2008 period

HH members migratory experience (current migrants, left-behinds, non-mig)

C/EPH: “In another country” 5 years ago / currently

-Persons currently living abroad- Residents who ever resided abroad

Place of residence 10, 5 and 1 years ago

-Persons currently living abroad-Persons who were abroad in 2005-2008 period

Other limitationsArgentinaCENSUS 2010 + EPH survey (2013)

RomaniaCENSUS 2010

SenegalCENSUS 2013

UkraineLMS survey (2008) [Census cancelled]

Date(s) of migration / return

X Mig: X

Ret: Year when last settled in Romania - only to a sub-group*

X Mig: Year of last trip in 2005-2008 period

Ret: Year + duration of last trip in period

Destination of last/captured migration

C: XEPH: Where lived 5 years ago

Country other than Romania where person has ever/last resided

Place of residence 10, 5 and 1 years ago

Country of 1st and last migration in 2005-2008 period

Access to data Aggregate data on geographical* distribution of returnees (no country)

Aggregate data on geographical* distribution of returnees by country

Microdata might be made available

Aggregate data / Latest 2012 round still not available

Most recent data(2015 as reference)

5 years / 2 years 5 years 2 years 7 years / 3 years

Questionnaire Design

1) Meet survey objectives: selection + impacta. Topics of interestb. Subpops for comparison

2) Comparabilitya. Other return/relevant surveysb. Datasets at destination(to be matched – current

migrants)c. Datasets at origin (to be matched – non-migrants)

Returnees, left-behinds, current migrants by proxy

Non-migrants, current migrants

Bank of questions / questionnaires comparison

NON-

MIGRANTS

CURRENT

MIGRANTS

RETURNEE

S

Origin

countries

Destination

countries

CRIS 2012 X Armenia, Mali, Tunisia

MIREM 2008 X Algeria, MOROCCO, Tunisia

ETS 2011-2012 X X MOROCO, Armenia, Georgia

MED-HIMS 2012-2013X X X Egypt, J ordan, Lebanon and MOROCCO

ENAMIR 2013 X X X Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia

ENMIR X X X Colombia

LMS X X X UKRAINE

MAFE X X X Senegal Spain, France, Italy

RED RETORNO 2015 X Bolivians in Spain (Barcelona)

ENI 2007 X Spain: all groups

TEO X All France

SURVEYS

Bank of questions / questionnaires comparison

TOPICSDEMOGRAPHICS

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONFAMILY

EDUCATIONACTIVITY & EMPLOYMENT

HOUSINGFINANCIAL ISSUES

MIGRATION HISTORYDECISIONS & INTENTIONS

MEANS & SUPPORT FOR MIGRATIONLEGAL

EVALUATIONTRANSNATIONAL LINKS

GOV'T & SOCIETYHEALTH & HABITS

ATTITUDES

Bank of questions / questionnaires comparison

Topic1

Item1 Item2 Item3

CRIS/MIREM

MED-HIMS

TOPIC

Bank of questions / questionnaires comparison

Civil/partnership statusDate of marriage/ start union

End of marriage/union

Status at bio-timex

CRIS/MIREM

MED-HIMS

FAMILY

Bank of questions / questionnaires comparison

Civil/partnership statusDate of marriage/ start union

End of marriage/union

Status at bio-timex

CRIS/MIREM T1 T2

MED-HIMS T3 T4

FAMILY

3) Temporal dimension: when to measure things and why?

Time points for comparisonsSELECTION (1 move)

Origin Migration Return SURVEYReturnee(s)

Current migrants Origin Migration SURVEY

E.g. Activity status at time1, time2…

Time points for comparisonsSELECTION (various moves)

Mig3Mig2Mig1Returnee(s)

Origin Return2 SURVEYReturn1

Mig3

Current migrants Mig2Mig1Origin SURVEYReturn1

E.g. Activity status at time1, time2…

Time points for comparisonsIMPACT (1 move)

Origin Migration Return SURVEYReturnee(s)

Non-migrants Origin SURVEY

Current migrants Origin Migration SURVEY

Origin Migration Return SURVEYLeft-behind (s)

Time points for comparisonsIMPACT (various moves)

Mig3B

Mig2B

Mig1A

Returnee(s)Origin Return2 SURVEYReturn1

Mig3

Current migrants Mig2Mig1Origin SURVEYReturn1

Mig3

Non-migrants Mig2Mig1Origin SURVEYReturn1

Mig1Left-behind(s) Origin Return2 SURVEYReturn1 Mig3

B

Relevant time points to consider (just returnees)

• Before migration (BM)– First migration (M1)

– First migration to country of interest, M1DC

– Last migration to country of interest, LMDC

• During migration (DM) & right before return (BR)– Last migration/return (LM / LR)– First migration to country of interest, M1DC

• After migration/return (AR) – Last migration/return (LM / LR)

Pre-existing return surveys & datasets at destination

Activity statusBM1 BLMDC DLM / BLR DM1CD ALR

MED-HIMS BM1 (ref period) ALR (currently/ever)

CRIS/MIREM BMx

ETS ALR

ENAMIR BLM BLR ALR (currently/ever)

LMS BLM

MAFE Complete history

Complete history

Complete history

Complete history

Complete history

Thank you!

NEVER LOSE YOUR TEMPER