temp (℃) simla dehradun monthly atomospheric temperature · temperature, relative humidity and...

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

Fig.B.2.1 Seasonal Variation ofTemperature, Relative Humidity andRainfall (1)

Monthly Atomospheric Temperature

0.05.010.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

Temp (℃)Simla Dehradun

New Delhi Jaipur

Lucknow

Monthly Relative Humidity

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0


Month

Relative Humidity(%)

Simla Dehradun

New Delhi Jaipur

Lucknow

Monthly Rainfall

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700


Month

Rainfall (mm) Simla Dehradun

New Delhi Jaipur

Lucknow

Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

B-174



Fig.B.2.1 Seasonal Variation ofTemperature, Relative Humidity and Raifall(2)

Monthly Atmospheric Temperature

0.05.010.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0


Month

Temp (℃)Patna Bhopal

Ranchi Culcatta

Raipur

Monthly Relative Humidity

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0


Month

Relative Humidity(%)

Patna Bhopal

Ranchi Culcatta

Raipur

Monthly Rainfall

050100150200250300350400450


Month

Rainfall (mm) Patna Bhopal

Ranchi Culcatta

Raipur


B-175

Chambal

Sone

Ghaghra

KenBetwa

Sind Kosi

Haldi

Tons

Upper Yamuna III

Ramganga

Sai

Ajay

Falgu

Damodar

Upper Yamuna II

Kalinadi

Upper Ganga-I

Dwarka

Burhi Gandak

Lower Yamuna

Hindon

Lower Gomati

Lower Ganga I

Lower Ganga II

Gandak

Upper Ganga-II

Upper Yamuna I

Kiul

Upper Gomati

Punpun

Jalangi

Rupnarayan

Middle Ganga IV

Middle Ganga II

Middle Ganga I

Middle Ganga III

Karmanasa

GANGA

SAI

SONE

RAPTI

HALDI

SIN

D

GOMATI

AJAI

MOR

BANAS

FALG

U

GH

AG

HA

RA

CHAMBAL

KEN

HIN

DO

N

SANKH

PUNPUN

GANDAKBURHIGANDAK

KOSI

DH

ASA

N

YAM

UNA

BETWA

KIUL

RIHAND

SONAR BARAKAR

PADMA

RUPNARAYAN

JOHILA

KATNI

RAMGANGA

TON

S

KSHIPRA

KHAN

PARBATI

BHAGIRATHI

JALA

NG

I

NO

RTHKO

EL

KARAMNASA

MA

ND

AKIN

I

KA

LISI

ND

H

KOSI

YAM

UN

A

RAMG

ANGA

GANGA

GHAGHARA

GANDAK

GOMATI

DH

ASA

N

GA

NGA

KIUL

RAMGANGA

YAM

UN

A

RIHAND

DAMODAR

TONS

RAM

GA

NGA

SIND

KEN

KOSI

GO

MAT

I

GOMATI

SONE

RA

MG

AN

GA

KANPURKANPUR

LUCKNOWLUCKNOW

VARANASIVARANASI

ALLAHABADALLAHABAD

72°0'0"E

74°0'0"E

74°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

22°0'0"N 22°0'0"N

24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N

26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N

28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N

72°0'0"E

0 100 20050Kilometers

SCALE 1:5,000,000

LEGEND

The Study on Water Quality Management Plan For Ganga RiverUPPER YAMUNA

UPPER GANGA

GOMATI

LOWER YAMUNA

MIDDLE GANGA

LOWER GANGA

Fig.B.2.2 Divided 6 Major Sub-basins (River System) and 38 Sub-basins

B-176

UDI

DELHI

BANDA

BUXAR

BEWAR

GALETA

MOHANA

ETAWAH

KANPURSEONDHA

SAHIJNA

MAIGHATJALAPUR

LUCKNOW

MEZAROAD

VARANASI

MIRZAPUR

BHITAURA

PRATAPPURALLAHABAD

ANKINGHAT

FATEHGARH

SHAHZADPUR

KARANNASA Rly.St.

DABRI (ZINARAHIMPUR)

So ne

Chambal

Ghaghra

KenBetwa

Sind Kosi

Haldi

Tons

Upper Yamuna III

Sai

Ramganga

Ajay

Falgu

Damodar

Upper Yamuna II

Kalinadi

Upper Ganga-I

Dwarka

Burhi Gandak

Lower Yamuna

Upper Ganga-II

Lower Gomati

Hindon

Lower Ganga II

Lower Ganga I

Gandak

Upper Yamuna I

Upper Gomati

Punpun Kiul

Jalangi

Rupnarayan

Middle Ganga IV

Middle Ganga II

Middle Ganga I

Karmanasa

Middle Ganga III

72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E

74°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

22°0'0"N 22°0'0"N

24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N

26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N

28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N

SCALE

Fig.B.2.3 CWC RIVER FLOW MONITORING SITES1:5,000,000

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER 0 100 20050Kilometers

SOURCE: CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

LEGENDRIVER FLOW MONITORING SITEOTHER RIVERGANGAYAMUNASUB BASIN BOUNDRY

B-177



Fig.B.2.4 Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate

Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate (Ganga)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. January February March April May

Month

Flow Rate (m3/s)

Kanpur

Allahabad

Varanasi

Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate (Yamuna at Delhi Rly.Bridge)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800


Month

Flow Rate (m3/s)

Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate (Gomati at Lucknow)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200


Month

Flow Rate (m3/s)


B-178

1554

1499

1498

1124

1497

1496

14951494

14931492 1491

1490

14891488

1487

14861485

1484

1483

1480

1478

1477

1472

14711470

1469

1468

1363

1121

1119

1053

1611

1613

1612

1610

1615

1609

1764

1763

1812

1735

1607

1608

1614

1510

1369

10771078

1052

1335

1336

1365

1064

1143

1144

1372

1376

13701368

1366

1354

1075

1117

1375

1123

11251126

1060

1433

10541337

1334

1333

13311332

1080

1059

1079

1076

1359

1360

10711070

1072

1353

1073

1074

1355

1142

1371

1049

104611291069

1147

106810671146

13521351

1350

1062

13611066

10651063

1127

1356

1367

1460

12891288

14181432

1413

1118

10611357

1145

11201358

So ne

Chambal

Ghaghra

KenBetwa

Sind Kosi

Haldi

Tons

Upper Yamuna III

Sai

Ramganga

Ajay

Falgu

Damodar

Upper Yamuna II

Kalinadi

Upper Ganga-I

Dwarka

Burhi Gandak

Lower Yamuna

Upper Ganga-II

Lower Gomati

Hindon

Lower Ganga II

Lower Ganga I

Gandak

Upper Yamuna I

Upper Gomati

Punpun Kiul

Jalangi

Rupnarayan

Middle Ganga IV

Middle Ganga II

Middle Ganga I

Karmanasa

Middle Ganga III

72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E

74°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

22°0'0"N 22°0'0"N

24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N

26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N

28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N

SCALE

Fig.B.3.1 CPCB RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS1:5,000,000

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER 0 100 20050Kilometers

SOURCE: CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

LEGEND

1553

WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONSOTHER RIVERGANGAYAMUNASUB BASIN BOUNDRY

B-179



Fig.B.3.2 Longitudinal Profile of RiverWater Quality (Ganga River)

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Distance from River Head (km)

DO (mg/l)

90% Value

75% Value

Average

Rishikesh

Kannauj

Allahabad

Varanasi

Patna

Kolkata

B class criteria: BOD

B class criteria: DO

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500


BOD (mg/l)

90% Value75% ValueAverage

Kanpur

Allahabad

Varanasi

Kolkata

Patna

Rishikesh Kannau

The sampling point is immediately after Varuna river, which is highly polluted by domesticwastewater. Varuna River significantly affects the river water quality of the sampling point.

B class criteria: BOD

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500


F-C (MPN/100ml)

90% Value

75% Value

AverageRishikesh

Kannauj

Allahabad

Varanasi

Patna

Kolkata

B class criteria: Faecalcoliform 2500MPN/100ml(Maximum)

Kanpur

B class criteria: Faecal coliform 500 MPN/100ml(Desirable)

Kanpur


B-180



Fig.B.3.3 Longitudinal Profile of RiverWater Quality (Yamuna River)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 300 600 900 1200


BOD (mg/l)

90% Value

75% Value

Average

Delhi

Agra

Allahabad

Mathura

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200


DO (mg/l)

90% Value

75% Value

Average

Delhi

Mathura Agra

Allahabad

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200


F-C (MPN/100ml)

TC

FC

Average

Delhi

Mathura

Agra

Allahabad

B class criteria:BOD 3mg/l

B class criteria:DO 5 mg/l

B class criteria: F-coli 500 MPN/100ml (Desirable)

B class criteria: F-coli2500MPN/100ml(Maximum)


B-181



Fig.B.3.4 Longitudinal Profile of RiverWater Quality (Gomati River)

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 80 160 240 320


BOD (mg/l)

90% Value

75% Value

Average

Lucknow

Jaunpur

Varanasi

Sitapur

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

0 80 160 240 320


DO (mg/l)

90% Value

75% Value

Average

C class criteria: DO 4 mg/l

Sitapur

Lucknow

Jaunpur

Varanasi

C class criteria: BOD 3 mg/l

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

0 80 160 240 320


T-C (MPN/100ml)

90% Value

75% Value

Average

Sitapur

Lucknow

Jaunpur

Varanasi

C class criteria: Total coliform 5000


B-182

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTPLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA


Fig.B.3.5 Seasonal Variation of RiverWater Quality

BOD Seasonal Variation

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0


Month

Monthly Average BOD(mg/l)

Kanpur D/s Allahabad D/s

Varanasi D/s Agra D/s

Lucknow D/s

DO Seasonal Variation

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0


Month

Monthly Average DO(mg/l)

Kanpur D/s Allahabad D/s

Varanasi D/s Agra D/s

Lucknow D/s

Total-coliform Seasonal Variation

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08


Month

Monthly Average T-coliform (MPN/100ml) Kanpur D/s Allahabad D/s

Agra D/s Lucknow D/s


B-183



Fig. B. 3.6 River Water Quality Trend (1)

Gan

ga a

t Kan

nauj

D/S

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Deca

de

DO/BOD mg/l

DO

7.2

BO

D 4

Gan

ga a

t Kan

nauj

D/S

1.E

+00

1.E

+01

1.E

+02

1.E

+03

1.E

+04

1.E

+05

1.E

+06

1.E

+07

1.E

+08 19

8619

8719

8819

8919

9019

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

01

Dec

ade

Tota

l Col

iform

T C

oli

Gan

ga a

t Kan

pur D

/S

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

DO

/ BO

D m

g/l

DO BOD

Gan

ga a

t Kan

pur

D/S

0.E+

00

2.E+

07

4.E+

07

6.E+

07

8.E+

07

1.E+

08

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Dec

ade

Tota

l Col

iform

Tota

l Col

i

Gang

a at A

llaha

bad D

/S

0.05.010.0

15.0

20.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

DO/BO

D mg

/lDO BO

DGa

nga a

t Alla

haba

d D/S

0.E+0

0

2.E+0

3

4.E+0

3

6.E+0

3

8.E+0

3

1.E+0

4

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

Total

Coli

form

Total

Coli


B-184




Gang

a at

Var

anas

i

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2001

Deca

de

D.O

/BO

D m

g/l

DO BOD

Gan

ga a

t Var

anas

i

0.E+

00

5.E+

05

1.E+

06

2.E+

06

2.E+

06

3.E+

06

3.E+

06

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Col

iform

Tota

l Col

iform

Gang

a at

Trig

hat (

Ghaz

ipur

)

0.02.04.06.08.010.0

12.0

14.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2001

Deca

de

DO/B

OD m

g/l

DO BOD

Gan

ga a

t Trig

hat(G

hazi

pur)

0.E+

00

1.E+

04

2.E+

04

3.E+

04

4.E+

04

5.E+

04

6.E+

04

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Col

iform

Tota

l Col

iform

Gang

a at P

atna D

/S

0.02.04.06.08.010.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

DO/BO

D mg

/lDO BO

DGa

nga

at P

atna

D/S

0.E+

002.

E+04

4.E+

046.

E+04

8.E+

041.

E+05

1.E+

051.

E+05

2.E+

052.

E+05

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Col

iform

Tota

l Col

iform


B-185




Yam

una

at N

izam

uddi

n B

ridge

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

1986

1987

1988

1989

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Dec

ade

DO

/BO

D m

g/l

DO BOD

Yam

una

at N

izam

uddi

n B

ridge

0.E+

00

1.E+

06

2.E+

06

3.E+

06

4.E+

06

5.E+

06

6.E+

06

1986

1987

1988

1989

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Col

iform

Tota

l Col

iform

Yam

una

at E

taw

ah

0246810121416

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1993

1994

1995

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

DO

/BO

D m

g/l

DO BOD

Yam

una

at E

taw

ah

0.E+

001.

E+05

2.E+

053.

E+05

4.E+

055.

E+05

6.E+

057.

E+05

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1993

1994

1995

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Col

iform

Feac

al Co

liform

Yamu

na at

Allah

abad

0246810

1986

1987

1988

1989

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

DO/B

OD m

g/lDO BO

DYa

muna

at A

llaha

bad

0.E+

00

1.E+

05

2.E+

05

3.E+

05

4.E+

05

5.E+

05

1986

1987

1988

1989

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

Total

Coli

form

Tota

l Coli

form


B-186




Gomt

i at L

uckn

ow

0246810

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

DO/BO

D mg/l

DO BOD

Gom

ti at

Luc

know

0.E+

00

5.E+

05

1.E+

06

2.E+

06

2.E+

06

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Coli

form

tota

l Col

iform

Gom

ti at

Var

anas

i

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

1987

1988

1989

1990

1994

1995

1997

1998

1999

2001

Dec

ade

DO

/BO

D m

g/l

DO

BO

DG

omti

at V

aran

asi

0.E+

002.

E+03

4.E+

036.

E+03

8.E+

031.

E+04

1.E+

041.

E+04

2.E+

04

1987

1988

1989

1990

1994

1995

1997

1998

1999

2001

Deca

de

Tota

l Col

iform

Tota

l Col

iform


B-187


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTPLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.5.1 Sub-bain Wise Population

Distribution

Sub-basin Wise Population in Ganga Basin

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

Upper Ganga I

Upper GangaII

Ramganga

Kalinadi

Middle GangaI

Middle GangaII

Middle GangaIII

Midle GangaIV

Tons

Ghaghra

Karmanasa

Son

Punpun

Falgu

Gandak

Kiul

Burhi Gandak

Kosi

Dwarka

Jalangi

Ajay

Damodar

Rupnarayan

Haldi

Lower Ganga I

Lower GangaII

Sub-basin

Population

Sub-basin Wise Population in

Gomati Basin

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

UpperGomati

LowerGomati

Sai

Sub-basin

Population

Sub-basin Wise Population in Yamuna Basin

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

50,000,000

Upper

Yamuna IHindon

Upper

Yamuna II

Upper

Yamuna IIIChambal

Sind

Betwa

Ken

Lower

Yamuna

Sub-basin

Population


B-188


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTPLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.5.2 Sub-basin Wise Population

Density

Sub-basin Wise Population Density in Ganga Basin

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Upper Ganga I

Upper Ganga II

Ramganga

Kalinadi

Middle Ganga I

Middle Ganga II

Middle GangaIII

Midle Ganga IV

Tons

Karmanasa

Ghaghra

Son

Punpun

Falgu

Gandak

Kiul

Burhi Gandak

Kosi

Mor

Jalangi

Ajay

Damodar

Rupnarayan

Haldi

Lower Ganga I

Lower Ganga II

Sub-basin

Population Density

(person/km2)

Sub-basin Wise Population Density in Yamuna Basin

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Upper

Yamuna I

Hindon

Upper

Yamuna II

Upper

Yamuna IIIChambal

Sind

Betwa

Ken

Lower

Yamuna

Sub-basin

Population Density

(person/km2)

Sub-basin Wise Population Density in Gomati Basin

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Upper

GomatiLower

GomatiSai

Sub-basin

Population

Density

(person/km2)


B-189


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 5.3 Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load

Generation

Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Generation in Ganga Basin

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

Upper Ganga I

Upper Ganga II

Ramganga

Kalinadi

Middle Ganga I

Middle Ganga II

Middle Ganga III

Midle Ganga IV

Tons

Karmanasa

Ghaghra

Son

Punpun

Falgu

Kiul

Gandak

Burhi Gandak

Kosi

Dwarka

Jalangi

Ajay

Damodar

Rupnarayan

Haldi

Lower Ganga I

Lower Ganga II

Sub-basin

BOD Generation (kg/day)

BOD (Sewerage)

BOD (Industry)

BOD (Livestock)

BOD (Land)

BOD (Household)

Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Generation in Yamuna River

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

Upper

Yamuna I

Hindon

Upper

Yamuna II

Upper

Yamuna III

Chambal

Sind

Betwa

Ken

Lower

Yamuna

Sub-basin

BOD Generation (kg/day)

BOD (Sewerage)

BOD (Industry)

BOD (Livestock)

BOD (Land)

BOD (Household)

Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Generation in Gomati

Basin

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Upper

GomatiLower

GomatiSai

Sub-basin

BOD

Generation

(kg/day)

BOD (Sewerage)

BOD (Industry)

BOD (Livestock)

BOD (Land)

BOD (Household)


B-190



Fig.B.5.4 Schematic Diagram of theSimulation of Pollution Load Runoff andWater Quality

: City/Town

Delhi Ganga River

Kanpur

Legend

Varanasi

Allahabad

: Evaluation Point

Gomati River

Yamuna River

Lucknow

B

H

C

E

I

Ghaghra RiverSon River

Ken River

Betwa River

Sind River

Chambal River

17

131

3

: Sub-basin

10

16 19

15

14

23

13

5

6

Gandak River25

20

Tons River

Sai River

Agra

9

Punpun River

Bangladesh

Bay of Bengal

Ramganga River

Hardwar

Kannauj

Ganga Canal

7

Kiul River

30

Hidon River

8

12

18

21

24

26

28

31

Calcutta

Kosi River

Padma River

Western Yamuna Canal

A

F

G

D

J

2

EasternYamuna Canal

Burhi Gandak River

29

4

Karinadi River

37

38

33

Dw

arka

36 35

Aja

yJa

lang

i

32

34

Dam

odar

Rup

nara

yan

Hal

di R

iver

Lower Ganga I

11

Upper Ganga I

Upper Ganga II

Upper Yamuna I

Upper Yamuna III

Upper Yamuna II

Middle Ganga I

Middle Ganga II

Middle Ganga III

Middle Ganga IV

Sai

UpperGomati

LowerGomati

Patna

Lower Ganga II

22Karmanasa River

24Falgu River

27

Ghazipur

Country Border


B-191


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 5.5 Existing Pollution Runoff of Each

Sub-basin

Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Runoff in Ganga Basin

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Upper Ganga I

Upper GangaII

Ramganga

Kalinadi

Middle Ganga I

Middle GangaII

Middle GangaIII

Midle GangaIV

Tons

Karmanasa

Ghaghra

Son

Punpun

Falgu

Kiul

Gandak

Burhi Gandak

Kosi

Dwarka

Jalangi

Ajay

Damodar

Rupnarayan

Haldi

Lower Ganga I

Lower GangaII

Sub-basin

Pollution Load (kg/d)

BOD (Sewerage)

BOD (Industry)

BOD (Livestock)

BOD (Land)

BOD (Household)

Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Runoff in Yamuna River

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Upper

Yamuna IHindonUpper

Yamuna

II

Upper

Yamuna

III

ChambalSind

Betwa

Ken

Lower

Yamuna

Sub-basin

Pollution Load (kg/day)

BOD (Sewerage)

BOD (Industry)

BOD (Livestock)

BOD (Land)

BOD (Household)

Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Runoff in Gomati

Basin

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

UpperGomati

LowerGomati

Sai

Sub-basin

Pollution

Load (kg/d)

BOD (Household)

BOD (Land)

BOD (Livestock)

BOD (Industry)

BOD (Sewerage)


B-192



Fig. B.5.6 Density Pollution Load Runoff ofEach Sub-basin

Sub-basin Wise Density of Pollution Load Runoff

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Upper Ganga-I

Upper Ganga-II

Ramganga

Kalinadi

Middle Ganga I

Middle Ganga II (Kanpur)

Middle Ganga III (Allahabad)

Middle Ganga IV (Varanasi)

Tons

Upper Yamuna I

Hindon

Upper Yamuna II (Delhi)

Upper Yamuna III (Agra)

Chambal (Indore)

Sind

Betwa (Bhopal)

Ken

Lower Yamuna

Upper Gomati (Lucknow)

Lower Gomati

Sai

Karmanasa

Ghaghra

Sone

Punpun

Falgu

Gandak

Kiul

Burhi Gandak

Kosi

Dwarka

Jalangi

Ajay

Damodar

Rupnarayan

Haldi

Lower Ganga I (Patna)

Lower Ganga II (Culcata)

Sub-basin

Density of Pollution Load

Runoff (BOD kg/d/km2)


B-193

Sone 0.12Sone 0.12

Chambal (Indore) 0.15Chambal (Indore) 0.15

Ghaghra 0.17Ghaghra 0.17

Ken 0.07Ken 0.07

Sind 0.04Sind 0.04

Betwa (Bhopal) 0.19Betwa (Bhopal) 0.19

Upper Yamuna III (Agra) 0.84Upper Yamuna III (Agra) 0.84

Ramganga 0.83Ramganga 0.83

Kosi 0.38Kosi 0.38

Haldi 0.84Haldi 0.84

Tons 0.67Tons 0.67

Damodar 1.01Damodar 1.01

Falgu 0.44Falgu 0.44

Ajay 0.03Ajay 0.03

Upper Yamuna II (Delhi) 2.70Upper Yamuna II (Delhi) 2.70

Upper Ganga-I 0.86Upper Ganga-I 0.86

Sai 1.16Sai 1.16

Kalinadi 0.46Kalinadi 0.46

Burhi Gandak 0.09Burhi Gandak 0.09

Lower Yamuna 0.20Lower Yamuna 0.20

Dwarka 0.20Dwarka 0.20

Upper Ganga-II 0.61Upper Ganga-II 0.61

Lower Gomati 0.68Lower Gomati 0.68

Upper Yamuna I 0.28Upper Yamuna I 0.28

Hindon 1.98Hindon 1.98

Gandak 0.19Gandak 0.19

Lower Ganga I (Patna) 0.00Lower Ganga I (Patna) 0.00

Lower Ganga II (Culcutta) 2.21Lower Ganga II (Culcutta) 2.21

Punpun 0.27Punpun 0.27

Rupnarayan 0.11Rupnarayan 0.11

Upper Gomati (Lucknow) 3.53Upper Gomati (Lucknow) 3.53

Jalangi 0.75Jalangi 0.75

Kiul 0.74Kiul 0.74

Middle Ganga IV (Varanasi) 1.80Middle Ganga IV (Varanasi) 1.80

Middle Ganga I 0.83Middle Ganga I 0.83

Karmanasa 0.08Karmanasa 0.08

Middle Ganga II (Kanpur) 4.84Middle Ganga II (Kanpur) 4.84

Middle Ganga III (Allahabad) 5.15Middle Ganga III (Allahabad) 5.15

KANPUR

LUCKNOW

VARANASI

ALLAHABAD

72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E

74°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

22°0'0"N 22°0'0"N

24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N

26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N

28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N


SCALE

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER

Fig.B.5.7 UNIT AREA POLLUTION LOAD RUNOFF (2003)

LEGEND

UNITS: BOD in Kg/d/Sq.Km

CITY

MAJOR RIVER

1.61 - 5.201.21 - 1.600.81 - 1.200.41 - 0.800.00 - 0.40

5,000,000

B-194

SAI

SONE

KEN

TONS

GHAGHARA

BETWA

RIHAND

MANDAKINI

RAMGANGA

KEN

80°25'0"E

80°25'0"E 82°30'0"E

82°30'0"E

24°35'0"N 24°35'0"N

26°40'0"N 26°40'0"N

PROJECT

THE STUDY ONWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER INTHE REPUBLIC OF INDIA

LOCATION

VARANASI CITY

FIGURE B.6.1

LOCATIONOF OBJECTIVE 4 CIITESFOR DETAIL SIMULATIONCTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED

TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO. LIMITED

0 20 40 6010Kilometers

INDEX MAP


LegendMAJOR METALLED ROADNATIONALHIGHWAYRail TrackMajorRiverDistrictBoundary

LUCKNOWLUCKNOW

KANPURKANPUR

ALLAHABADALLAHABAD VARANASIVARANASI

KARAMNASA

GOMATI

GANGA

YAMUNA

B-195


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Kanpur

Kesa Coloney,Roadways Coloney,Khewra,Jageswar,Jewra,Nawabganj N.

AB

20

Wazidpur N.

11

Muir Mill N.

19

Budiya Ghat N.

18

Bangagli Ghat N.

17

Dubka N.

1 - 6

12

Police Line N.

7

Rani Ghat N.

8

Sisamau N.

9

Tafco N.

10

Parmat N.

13

Jail N.

14

Guptar N.Gang

a Riv

er

Pund

u Ri

ver

22 Halwa Khanda N.

23

C.O.D. N.

15 &16Gulf Club-1&

Gulf Club-1 N.

21Ganda N.

DC

Sche

mat

ic Di

agra

m fo

r Kan

pur A

rea

3,800

450

4,620

2,000

2,000

1,050

1,000

230

5,420

600

250

650

1,350

300

1,120

680

3,380

2,000

2,000


B-196


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Allahabad

C

24

Kodara N.

12

Gan

ga R

iver

Ym

una

Riv

er

Main Ghaghar N.

A

2223

12B

1918

16

Ponghat N.

Shivpur D.

Indira Awas D.

Co-Operative D.

12

34

5

E F

9

B

Sche

mat

ic D

iagr

am f

orA

llaha

bad

Are

a

15~

15E

Nehru Park N.

Sadar Bazar N.

21

12I 12 F~H

12A

12 C~E

T.V

. Tow

er

11C

~11E

14~

14F

Raj

apur

17 Basana D.

10

1A~

1F

Chachar N.

Emergency Outfall D. (through existing sewers)

Drain at Gate NO. 9

Drain at Gate NO. 13

66A

7

8

13

20

D

Maw

aiya

N.

Lote

y H

aran

N.

Shas

tri B

ridge

N.

Mor

igat

e N

.in

cludi

ng M

umfo

rdga

nj D

.

Dra

ins o

f D

arag

anj A

rea

Alen

ganj

N.

Salo

ri N

.

Fort Drain NO.2

Fort Drain NO.1

Ganga River

(Out

fall

of S

TP)

200

200

200

500

1,00

0

2,50

0

1,38

0

1,20

0

4,50

01,

280

1,17

01,

100

6,12

060

01,

940

560

180

1,35

043

045

01,

000

1,13

0

2,00

0

2,00

0

2,00

0


B-197


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Varanasi

A

1Sadar Bazar N.

5Teliabagh N.

Varu

na R

iver

Gang

a Riv

er

Nakkhi D.

G

7

23

89

4

1011

1213

BC

D

Central Jail N.

Phulwaria N.

Drain Of Hotels

Oaderly Bazar N.

Chamrautia N. Raja Bazar N.

Nala Of KhajurlColony

Banaras Nala No.5

Hukulgang N.

Nala Of Nai Basti

6Nala Near Nakhi Ghta

21

34

5(6

)7

89

10(1

1)12

13

G

14

F

IJRa

ising

Main Di

napu

rST

P

15

P

Koni

a PS

K

(80M

LD)

14E

Sche

mat

ic Di

agra

m fo

rV

aran

asi A

rea

1,29

030

024

072

015

044

039

038

030

030

033

01,

170

1,320

780

Samne Ghat D.

Assi N.

Shiwala D.

Harishchandra Ghat D.

Mansarovar D.

Mid

dle

of stre

ch

2,00

016

0

200

200

2,80

02,

000

Dr. R. P. Ghat N.(Ghora N.)

Jalesan D.

Trilochan Ghat D.

Sankaha Ghat

Telia N.

Bhainsasur N.

Rajghat Railway N.

Rajghat Outfall

Naro

khar

N.

200

1,520

2,310

1,500

320

1,260

180

990

930

390

180

450

720

240

1,14

036

02,

000

BHU

STP

(9.8

MLD

)

BHU

STP(1

2MLD

)


B-198


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANFOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Lucknow

27

26

12

2524

23

13& 14

11

2221

10

98

2019 7

18

6

17

4& 5

16

31& 2

LamartinersJiamau &

Kukrail

Baba pur BhikampurJapling

Nishatoanj

Kedarnath

T.G.P.S Drain

Laplace

China Bazar

Ghasiyari Mandi

Arts College

Wazirganj

Hanuman SETU

Daliganj D/S

Mohan Meakin

Daliganj U/SNer D/S

Ner U/S

Pata

-GH Canal

Rooppur Khadra

Mahash Ganj

Ner U/S

STP

GoA

P-1

AB

Gom

ati R

iver

Sche

mat

ic D

iagr

am fo

r Luc

know

Are

a

1,65

085

02,

000

500

690

180

300

900

220

460

470

370

650

180

220

50

1010

0

1,35

045

02,

000

100

10

15

28

2,00

0


B-199



Figure B.7.1 Pollution Impact against Ganga River (Domestic Pollution Load)

: City/Town

Kanpur Legend

Varanasi

Gomati River

LucknowTons River

Sai River

Ramganga River

Kannauj

Kalinadi River

17,000

Yamuna River

14,00042,000

114,000

7,000

: Pollution Runoff (Tributatry)

: Pollution Generation (Point Sourse)

Allahabad

22,000

37,000

32,000

84,000

83,000

: Pollution Runoff (Main Stem)

180,000

30,000

9,000

54,000

Unnao

9,000

62,000

10,000

10,000Farrukabad

42,000 kg/d

Sambhal, Budaun, Bijnor,Chandapur, Chandausi,Sahaswan and so on

Unit: BOD kg/d

Mirzapur cum Vindhacand Bhadohi

1,000

20,000

Jaunpur, Barabankiand Sultanpur

10,000

Sitapur andLakhimpur

173,000


B-200

CHAMBAL

KEN

SIND

BETWA

UPPER YAMUNA III

SAI

RAMGANGA

UPPER YAMUNA II

KALINADI

UPPER GANGA I

LOWER YAMUNA

HINDON

LOWER GOMATI

UPPER GANGA II

UPPER YAMUNA I

UPPER GOMATI

MIDDLE GANGA IV

MIDDLE GANGA II

MIDDLE GANGA I

MIDDLE GANGA III

KOTA

TONK

JIND

GUNA

AGRA

BELAORAI

ETAH

BUNDI

ALWAR

HISAR

SIRSA

SAGAR

DATIA

BHIND

DAMOH

DEWAS

NAGDA

JAORA

UNNAO

BANDA

HAPUR

BARANA

JAIPUR

PALWALREWARI

ROHTAK

KARNAL

INDORE

SEHOREBHOPAL

MORENA

HARDOI

BUDAUN

MAWANA

RAMPUR

MAHOBA

JHANSI

KANPUR

ETAWAH

BARAUT

KHURJA

MEERUT

SHAMLI

AMROHA

BIJNORNAGINA

HINDAUN

KAITHAL

NARNAUL

GURGAON

BHIWANI

SONIPAT

PANIPAT

GWALIOR

VIDISHA

BHADOHI

MATHURAHATHRAS

KANNAUJ

KASGANJ

JAUNPUR

AURAIYA

LUCKNOW

SITAPUR

PILKHUA

ALIGARH

KAIRANA

HARDWAR

SAMBHAL

DHAULPUR

BHILWARA SHIVPURI

MANDSAUR

FATEHPUR

VARANASI

MIRZAPUR

LALITPUR

SHAHABAD

PILIBHIT

BAREILLY

SAHASWAN

MAINPURI

CHANDPURKASHIPUR

DEHRADUN

NEW DELHI

BHARATPUR

NAWALGARH

FARIDABAD

TIKAMGARH

UJJAINIYA

MODINAGAR

KATHGODAM

SULTANPUR

ALLAHABAD

FIROZABAD

GHAZIABAD

MORADABAD

CHANDAUSI

NAJIBABAD

RISHIKESH

JHUNJHUNUN

CHHATARPUR

BARA BANKI

RAE BARELI

SHIKOHABAD

SAHARANPUR

YAMUNANAGAR

BAHADURGARH

BULANDSHAHR

FARRUKHABAD

CHITTAURGARH

SHAHJAHANPUR

MUZAFFARNAGAR

SAWAI MADHOPUR

74°0'0"E

74°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

76°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

78°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

82°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

84°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

86°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

88°0'0"E

24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N

26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N

28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITYMANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER

POPULATION 2001< 2,00,000

2,00,001 - 5,00,000

5,00,001 - 10,00,000

10,00,001 - 15,00,000

> 15,00,000

1:2,000,000SCALE -

FIGURE B.7.2 CITY LOCATION OF UPSTREAM AREA OF GANGA BASIN

LEGENDGANGA RIVERYAMUNAOTHER RIVERSUB BASIN BOUNDARY

50 KM BUFFER OF GANGA RIVER

50 KM BUFFER OF YAMUNA RIVER

B-201



Fig.B.7.3 Schematic Diagram forSimulation of Faecal Coliform (QUAL2EModel)

Delhi

Ganga River

Kanpur

Legend

Varanasi

Allahabad

: Evaluation Point

Gomati RiverYamuna River

Lucknow

b

m

c

g

Ken River

Betwa River

Sind River

Chambal River

9

H

1

: Major Tributary

H

19

7

6

5

14

Tons River

Sai River

Agra

3

Ramganga River

Dehra Dun,Rishikesh,Hardwar

Kannauj

50

Hidon River

18

32-35

51

10

i

l

e

p

10

2

Karinadi River

Budaun

8

: Point Pollution Load

9

Karmanasa River

Sultanpur

n

o

Sitapur61

63 Barabanku

65

Jaunpur

f

h

d

k

j

Fatepur

Auraiya

Etawah49 Unnao

Farrukabad cumFate

9 Sahaswan

8 Chandausi

Mathura

48 Mainpuri

47 Firozabad

Faridabad

Rewari, Gurgaon

Rohtak, Sonipat

Panipat, Kairana, Baghpat, Baraut

Karnal, Kaithal

Yamunagar, Kurukshetra

7 Sambhal

6 Chandpur

5 Bijnor

4 Najbabad

Mirzapur 17Bhadhoi

19

Ghazipur

Buxar

4

1-3

11

12

13

15

16

Ganga : 1-19

Yamuna : 21-51

Gomati

Solan, Shimla, Sirmau21-23

24-25

a

26-27

28-31

36 37 Noida

38-39

40

Khurja, Palwal 41-42

43

Baharatpur 44 Hathras45

46

: 61-65

62

64


B-202



Figure B.7.4 Simulated LongitudinalProfile of Coliform Number (2001)

Yamuna Main

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200


T-C (MPN/100ml)

Actual Data

Simulated Data

Delhi

Mathura

Agra

Allahabad

Etawah

Ganga Main

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

1.E+09

200 500 800 1100 1400


Coliform (MPN/100ml) Actual DataSimulated Data

Hardwar

Kanpur

Allahabad

Varanasi

Kannaul

Garhmukteshw a r

Buxar

Gomati River

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

50 200 350 500


Coliform (MPN/100ml)Actual Data

Simulated Data

Sitapur

Lucknow Jaunpur

Varanasi


B-203



Figure B.7.5 Simulated LongitudinalProfile of Coliform Number (Existing&2030 Without)

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

50 200 350 500


Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2030 Without2001

Sitapur

Lucknow Jaunpur

Varanasi

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200


T-C (MPN/100ml) 2030 Without

2001

Delhi

Mathura Agra

Allahabad

Etawah

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

200 500 800 1100 1400


Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2030 Without

2001

Hardwar

Kanpur

Allahabad Varanasi

Kannauj

Garhmukteshwar

Buxar


B-204

10681068

10671067

11461146

80°8'0"E

80°8'0"E

80°10'0"E

80°10'0"E

80°12'0"E

80°12'0"E

80°14'0"E

80°14'0"E

80°16'0"E

80°16'0"E

80°18'0"E

80°18'0"E

80°20'0"E

80°20'0"E

80°22'0"E

80°22'0"E

80°24'0"E

80°24'0"E

80°26'0"E

80°26'0"E

80°28'0"E

80°28'0"E

26°22'0"N 26°22'0"N

26°24'0"N 26°24'0"N

26°26'0"N 26°26'0"N

26°28'0"N 26°28'0"N

26°30'0"N 26°30'0"N

26°32'0"N 26°32'0"N

26°34'0"N 26°34'0"N

26°36'0"N 26°36'0"N

PROJECT


LOCATION

KANPUR CITY

FIGURE B.7.6

LOCATIONOF CPCB MONITORING STATIONSONRIVER GANGACTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED


0 2 4 61Kilometers

INDEX MAP


Legend

CPCB River Monitoring StationsMunicipal_BoundaryRiver BedRiver ChannelSand Bar

GANGA

CANTONMENT

KANPUR

CANTONMENT

B-205

10491049

10461046

11291129

10691069

81°45'0"E

81°45'0"E

81°47'30"E

81°47'30"E

81°50'0"E

81°50'0"E

81°52'30"E

81°52'30"E

81°55'0"E

81°55'0"E

25°25'0"N25°25'0"N

25°27'30"N25°27'30"N

25°30'0"N25°30'0"N

25°32'30"N25°32'30"N

PROJECT


LOCATION

ALLAHABAD CITY

FIGURE B.7.7

LOCATIONOF CPCB MONITORING STATIONSONRIVER YAMUNA &GANGACTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED


0 1 2 30.5Kilometers

INDEX MAP


Legend

CPCB River Monitoring StationsMunicipal BoundaryRiver BedRiver ChannelSand Bar

GANGA

YAMUNA GANGA

CANTONMENT

CANTONMENT

CANTONMENT

ALLAHABAD

B-206

10711071

10701070

82°55'0"E

82°55'0"E

82°57'30"E

82°57'30"E

83°60'0"E

83°60'0"E

83°2'30"E

83°2'30"E

83°5'0"E

83°5'0"E

25°15'0"N

25°15'0"N

25°17'30"N

25°17'30"N

25°20'0"N

25°20'0"N

25°22'30"N

25°22'30"N

PROJECT


LOCATION

VARANASI CITY

FIGURE B.7.8

LOCATIONOF CPCB MONITORING STATIONSONRIVER GANGACTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED



INDEX MAP


Legend

CPCB River Monitoring StationsM_boundary_ver2River BedRiver ChannelSand Bar

VARANASI

GANGA

VARUNA

B-207

13521352

13511351

80°50'0"E

80°50'0"E

80°52'30"E

80°52'30"E

80°55'0"E

80°55'0"E

80°57'30"E

80°57'30"E

81°0'0"E

81°0'0"E

81°2'30"E

81°2'30"E

26°45'0"N 26°45'0"N

26°55'0"N 26°55'0"N

26°47'30"N 26°47'30"N

26°50'0"N 26°50'0"N

26°52'30"N 26°52'30"N

PROJECT


LOCATION

LUCKNOW CITY

FIGURE B.7.9

LOCATIONOF CPCB MONITORING STATIONSONRIVER GOMATICTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED



INDEX MAP


LUCKNOW

GOMATI

1

2

4

3

56

Legend

CPCB River Monitoring Stations

RiverwardBOUNDARY

UPPCB Lucknow Monitoring Station

1

32

4

Manjhi GhatGau GhatMohan Meakins Nala D/SD/S Nishatganj BridgeU/S Barage5Pipraghat (D/S Lucknow)6

B-208



Figure B.7.10 Pollution Control Scheme inJapan

Conservation of LakeBiwa Water Quality

Water QualityPreserving Projects

Measures for Household Drain (Management of septictanks for night soil and grey water)

Measures for Livestock (Restoration of excrement tofarmland and management of cattle sheds)

Preservation of Natural Environment of Lake Shores(Study on natural environment and preservation of greenzone)

Promotion of Research and Studies (Studies of themechanism of corruption and function of naturalpurification)

Measures for Aquaculture (Regulation on aqualculturefacilities and its use)

Lake Water Quality Monitoring (Regular research andimprovement of automatic monitoring stations)

Measures for Farmland and Urban Districts (Managementof Fertilizer, Cleaning of Wastewater of Waterways andHousing Land)

Diffusion and Enlightenment (Publicity on the currentcondition of water quality and measures)

Regulation andother Measures

Other Plans

Improvement of Sewerage

Improvement of Agricultural WastewaterTreatment Facilities and Gappei Joukasou

Improvement of Livestock Excrement DisposingFacilities

Improvement of Waste Disposing Facilities

Purification of Lake Water (Removal of aquaticplants, dredging of sediment)

Purification of In-flowing Rivers (Dredging ofriverbed sediment and direct purification at theestuary areas)

Measures for Drain from Factories and Businesses)

Assistance to Enterprises (Financing for installingWastewater Treatment Plants


B-209


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTPLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.8.1 Organization Chart of CPCB


B-210


THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTPLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.8.2 Organization Chart of UPPCB

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B-211

Appendix C

i

APPENDIX C

RELEVANT RIVER ACTION PLANS

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL...................................................................................................... C-1

1.1 Foreword....................................................................................................................... C-1

1.2 Historical Stakeholder................................................................................................... C-3

CHAPTER 2 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-I ............................................................. C-4

CHAPTER 3 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-II (GAP-II) ........................................... C-8

3.1 GAP-II (Main Stem and S/C Towns) ............................................................................ C-8

3.2 Gomati Action Plan Phase-I and Phase-II..................................................................... C-8

3.3 Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I and Phase-II.................................................................... C-9

CHAPTER 4 DONOR AND NGO’S ACTIVITIES ......................................................... C-13

4.1 The Royal Government of Netherlands ...................................................................... C-13

4.2 The United State of America....................................................................................... C-13

4.3 The United Kingdom .................................................................................................. C-13

4.4 The Government of Japan........................................................................................... C-14

4.5 Other Countries / International Agency ...................................................................... C-14

4.6 NGOs .......................................................................................................................... C-14

ii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 River Action Plans in Ganga River Basin................................................................. C-2 Table 1.2 Sanctioned and commissioned capacity of various pollution control infrastructures in

different Action Plans .............................................................................................. C-3 Table 2.1 Distribution of completed schemes by type and state under GAP-I........................ C-4 Table 2.2 Key details of works undertaken in different schemes of GAP-I ............................ C-4 Table 2.3 Capacity of Wastewater Treatment under GAP-I ..................................................... C-5 Table 2.4 Details about Sewage Treatment Plant under GAP-I................................................ C-6 Table 3.1 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II (Main Stem) ......... C-8 Table 3.2 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II(Supreme Court Towns)

(As on 31 January 2003).......................................................................................... C-8 Table 3.3 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GoAP-I ............................... C-9 Table 3.4 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP-I................................ C-10 Table 3.5 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP Extended Phase ....... C-10 Table 3.6 Key details of various types of schemes under YAP ............................................. C-10 Table 3.7 Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant under YAP ....................................................C-11 Table 4.1 Part of the Project Carried out under External Assistance...................................... C-13

Final Report on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga RiverVolume II, River Pollution Management Plan

C-1

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL 1.1 FOREWORD With the increase in population, there has been increase in demand of food and fiber. This resulted into the practice of intensive agriculture. The greater emphasis on agricultural growth and rapid pace of industrialization for overall development has brought in a host of environmental problems in recent years in India. Financial and technological constraints have led to lack of efficient conversion processes, thereby leading to generation of larger quantities of waste and hence additional pollution load being discharged into water bodies. The water pollution issues have been further compounded by high concentration of industries in certain regions and skewed distribution of rainfall. Realizing the importance of qualitative and quantitative conservation of natural resources including water, Government of India has enacted a number of laws to deal with arising pollution problems and to ensure a healthy water environment in the country. Some of the legislations dealing with water pollution control can be listed as follows:

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – This act deals with establishment of an institutional structure for preventing and abating water pollution. It establishes standards for water quality and effluent. According to this law, polluting industries must seek permission to discharge waste into effluent bodies. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was constituted under this act.

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 – This act provides for the levy and collection of cess or fees on water consuming industries and local authorities.

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 – This act authorizes the central government to protect and improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources, and prohibit or restrict the setting and/or operation of any industrial facility on environmental grounds.

• The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 – This law lays down procedures for setting standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants.

These laws empowered national bodies and state level counterparts to lay down and maintain ambient water standards, to demand details regarding effluent emissions, to prohibit polluting activities and to prevent new effluent discharges. The water quality of River Ganga has gradually deteriorated with the increased human activities in the basin area and along its riverbanks. In order to prevent pollution of the Ganga River and improve its water quality, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was formulated on the basis of a comprehensive study of the Ganga Basin carried out by CPCB in the year 1984 and GAP was launched in June 1985. Since 1985, a number of River Action Plans have been undertaken in the Ganga river basin for the pollution abatement into Ganga River and its tributaries. These Action Plans with their duration of implementation and approved costs are listed in Table 1.1.


C-2

Table 1.1 River Action Plans in Ganga River Basin

River Action Plan Date of Start Date of Completion

Cost Approved(Billion Rs.)

A. Ganga Action Plan Phase – I June, 1985 March, 2000 4.6204B. Ganga Action Plan Phase II

1. Gomati Action Plan April, 1993 March, 1999 0.61112. Yamuna Action Plan April, 1993 April, 2002 5.09453. GAP-II (main stem) July, 1995 December, 2001 3.9616

4. GAP-II (S/C town) October, 1996 February, 1999 2.2095

5. Damodar Action Plan October, 1996 December, 2001 0.2358

6. Extended Yamuna Action Plan May, 2001 February, 2003 2.2260

7. CETP for Calcutta Tanneries (S/C order July, 1995 December, 2005 0.65

C. National River Conservation Plan July, 1995 December, 2005 33.2942

Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-II, March, 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

2. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

In addition to GAP Phase-I, other projects have also been implemented under GAP Phase-II to control pollution in various tributaries of Ganga River such as Gomati Action Plan, Yamuna Action Plan, Damodar Action Plan, GAP-II (main stem), GAP-II (S/C towns), etc. The implementation of National River Action Plan in other States of India has been undertaken to control pollution in various regions of the country to emphasize the need of maintaining hygienic environment in and around water bodies. The amount of wastewater to be intercepted, diverted or treated and capacity of commissioned STP under different River Action Plans have been given in the Table 1.2.


C-3

Table 1.2 Sanctioned and commissioned capacity of various pollution control infrastructures in different Action Plans

River Action Plan

Waste Water to be Intercepted, Diverted and

Treated, MLD

Sanctioned Capacity of STP, MLD

Capacity Commissioned for I & D, MLD

Capacity Commissioned for Treatment, MLD

Remarks

A. Ganga Action Plan Phase – I

882 882 800.19 865 Covered 25 class I towns in 3 states

B. Ganga Action Plan Phase – II

1. Yamuna Action Plan 743.25 (34 STPs)

724.25 (28 STPs)

21 towns covered in 3 states

2. Extended Yamuna Action Plan

724.25 19 (6 STPs)

15 towns covered in 3 states

3. Gomati Action Plan 269 3 towns covered in 1 state

4. Damodar Action Plan

67.53 12 towns covered in 2 states

5. GAP-II (main stem) 588.4 29 towns covered in 4 states

6. GAP-II (S/C town) 7. CETP for Calcutta Tanneries (S/C order

161.68 30 towns covered in 3 states

C. National River Conservation Plan

2455.47 61 towns in 11 states covered

Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-II, March, 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi 2. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July,

2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

1.2 HISTORICAL STAKEHOLDER Based on the results of the Comprehensive study report prepared by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1984, Government of India (GOI) constituted the “Central Ganga Authority” (GAA) with the Prime Minister of India as the Chairman and Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh (UP), Bihar and West Bengal along with some selected Union Ministers and Secretaries as its members in February 1985. The purpose was to initiate actions to prevent pollution of Ganga River under the scheme named “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP). After the formation of GAA, “Ganga Project Directorate” (GPD) was established as a wing of the Department of Environment to appraise and clear the projects, to release funds and to coordinate various activities under Action Plan. Further, the Urban Development Department and Environment Department were identified as the nodal agencies at state levels. The different state government agencies like Public Health Engineering Departments (PHED), State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB), Development Authorities and Local Bodies, etc., were identified as executing agencies under the supervision of the nodal department. With the formation of coordinating agencies, GAP was launched in 1985 to expedite the smooth implementation of pollution control project for the entire Ganga basin, which encompassed about 840,000 km2 (in the Indian Territory) with around 2,500 km length from Devprayag to the Bay of Bengal. Meanwhile, the Monitoring Committee of CPCB designated Environment Standard for river water quality such as BOD5, DO, Total Coliform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) in 1987. During past decade, several other funding agencies and authorities have been involved with the implementation of various basin-wide river pollution control programs like Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), Gomati Action Plan (GoAP), etc.


C-4

CHAPTER 2 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-I The objective of GAP-I was pollution abatement to improve the water quality of River Ganga by interception and diversion of domestic sewage, treatment of sewage before disposal into water bodies, and control of nonpoint sources pollution from human defecation and agricultural runoff. The purpose was also to conserve the biodiversity of the river by integrated river basin management approach, and to get experience for planning similar pollution control programs for other rivers. Different kinds of activities were planned for the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal under GAP-I and altogether 25 class-I cities (population over 0.1 million) were covered in these 3 states (Tables 1.2 and 2.4). The number of sanctioned and completed schemes for each category under GAP-I has been given in Table 2.1. To accomplish the task of pollution abatement in this plan, a total of 259 schemes were completed out of 261 sanctioned schemes (Table 2.1). The total approved cost for this project was INR 4.62 billion (INR 462.0 crore).

Table 2.1 Distribution of completed schemes by type and state under GAP-I

Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Bihar West Bengal Total Sewage Interception & Diversion 40 (40) 17 (17) 31 (31) 88 (88)Sewage Treatment Plants 13 (13) 5 (7) 15 (15) 33 (35)Low Cost Sanitation 14 (14) 7 (7) 22 (22) 43 (43)Crematoria 3 (3) 8 (8) 17 (17) 28 (28)River Front Facilities 8 (8) 3 (3) 24 (24) 35 (35)Other Schemes 28 (28) 3 (3) 1 (1) 32 (32)

Total 106 (106) 43 (45) 110 (110) 259 (261) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003


2. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

Brief information on various types of facilities developed during GAP-I has been given in Table 2.2. These activities included construction, improvement and installation of sewage interception and diversion, sewage treatment plants, low cost sanitation, crematoria, river front facilities and other facilities. In the Ganga River basin, total amount of generated wastewater was estimated to be 1,340 MLD in 1985 (Table 2.3). Out of this, 882 MLD was planned to be intercepted, diverted or treated in GAP Phase-I. In addition to this, 478 MLD is planned to be intercepted/diverted or treated in GAP Phase-II. The capacity and type of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) installed or improved under GAP Phase-I in 25 class-I cities of 3 states are given in Table 2.4. Total created capacity of STPs installed or modified in GAP Phase-I is 882 MLD (Table 2.4).

Table 2.2 Key details of works undertaken in different schemes of GAP-I

Number of Schemes Length of Sewers (km) States

Sanctioned Cost

(Billion Rs.) Sanctioned Completed Ongoing Sanctioned Completed Ongoing

A. Interception and Diversion Uttar Pradesh 0.4239 40 40 0 136 136 0Bihar 0.1970 17 17 0 59.34 53.71 5.63West Bengal 0.8414 31 31 0 175.66 173.14 2.52Sub Total 1.4622 88 88 0 371.00 362.85 8.15Main Pumping Station Uttar Pradesh 33 25 8


C-5

Bihar 27 27 0 West Bengal 68 65 3 Sub Total 128 117 11 B. Sewage Treatment Plant Capacity to

be created,MLD

Capacity created, MLD

Uttar Pradesh 1.0225 13 13 0 375.09 375.09 Bihar 0.1902 7 5 2 135.5 118.0 West Bengal 0.7361 15 15 0 371.6 371.6 Sub Total 1.9488 35 33 2 882.19 864.69 C. Low Cost Sanitation Number of units/seats in Community

Toilets Uttar Pradesh 0.1000 14 14 0 189/2520 183/2490 0Bihar 0.0550 7 7 0 116/1528 116/1523 0West Bengal 0.0679 22 22 0 2458/2724 2458/2724 0Sub Total 0.2229 43 43 0 2763/6772 2757/6737 Number of units/seats in Individual

Toilets Uttar Pradesh 24965 22587 0Bihar 6725 6725 0West Bengal 20710 20698 0Sub Total 52400 50010 D. Crematoria Number of Crematoria Uttar Pradesh 0.0197 3 3 0 3 3 0Bihar 0.0372 8 8 0 8 8 0West Bengal 0.0781 17 17 0 17 17 0Sub Total 0.135 28 28 0 28 28 0

E. Bathing Ghat To be

developedDeveloped Ongoing

Uttar Pradesh 0.0637 8 8 0 44 43 Bihar 0.0087 3 3 0 10 10 West Bengal 0.0678 24 24 0 75 75 Sub Total 0.1402 35 35 0 129 128

Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

Table 2.3 Capacity of Wastewater Treatment under GAP-I

Completed till March,

2003, MLD States

Total Wastewater from Class I towns, MLD

Quantity to be intercepted/diverted

/treated, MLD

Planned for GAP Phase – II,

MLD I & D Treated

Uttar Pradesh 679.6 375.09 362 375.09 375.09Bihar 132.7 135.5 21.7 135.5 118West Bengal 527.5 371.6 94 289.6 371.6

Total 1339.8 882.19 477.7 800.19 864.69 The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003


The generated wastewater load in year 1985 (1,340 MLD) was based on the population in that year.


C-6

There has been around 35% increase in population from 1985 to 2001 and assuming increase in wastewater generation in the same ratio, the total wastewater generated should be around 1810 MLD in the year 2001. Therefore further installation of wastewater treatment facilities will be needed to cope up with the increased effluent loads. During implementation of GAP Phase-I, there were some setbacks. There were some instances of land acquisition problems. In some cases, contractor was not capable enough to continue working with the project and they left the work after being paid some advance money. There were also some hindrances due to legal suits filed. There were some cases of budget delays after CCEA approval of the budget and hence the work was affected. Due to lack of finance or capability, the operation and maintenance of many of STPs were not up to the mark. There were instances of power supply interruption due to financial problems and in such cases the STPs could not operate. Higher amount of BOD load were discharged into river than expected due to poor maintenance of the infrastructures. The performance of project was influenced negatively by the lack of public awareness, hygienic awareness and due to higher illiteracy. Crematoria were not much in use due to private financial maters in few cases. Out of 119 private enterprises and factories located in the Ganga basin, 73 factories were found to discharge their wastewater without effluent treatment. Most of the effluent treated water is discharged into river without disinfections thereby increasing Total Coliform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) concentration of river water. Activities like open defecation, throwing of dead animals adds to increasing TC and FC. Therefore, there is need to plan for the pollution abatement in the basin, taking care of these obstacles and setbacks. There is a need to implement effective plans for proper maintenance and operation of infrastructures to prevent pollution of river water.

Table 2.4 Details about Sewage Treatment Plant under GAP-I Town Capacity, MLD Type Completion Date Old New Uttar Pradesh 1. Kankhal, Hardwar 0 18 ASP 30 March, 1996 2. Swargashram-Rishikesh 0 0.33 RBRC 31 March, 1991 3. Lakkar Ghat, Rishikesh 0 6 OP 30 June, 1990 4. Farukhabad 0 3.96 OP 31 March, 1993 5. Kanpur 0 36 UASB 30 April, 1996 6. Chrome Recovery Pilot Plant,

Kanpur 0 0.0045 15 January, 1989

7. Kanpur 0 130 ASP 1997 8. Kanpur 0 5 UASB 30 April, 1996 9. Allahabad 0 60 ASP 31 March, 1999 10. Mirzapur 0 14 UASB 31 December, 1993 11. Varanasi, BHU 1.8 8 ASP (both) 31 January, 1990 12. Varanasi, Dinapur 0 80 ASP 31 December, 1993 13. Varanasi, SPT, DLW 0 12 ASP 31 January, 1989 Sub Total 1.8 373.294 Bihar 14. Chapra 0 2 OP 31 December, 1999 15. Patna, Eastern Zone 0 4 OP 16. Patna, Saidpur 28 17 ASP (both) 31 December, 1999 17. Patna, Beur 20 15 ASP (both) 31 December, 1993 18. Patna, Southern Zone 0 25 AL 30 June, 1994 19. Munger 0 13.5 AL 20. Bhagalpur 0 11 AL 30 June, 1994


C-7

Sub Total 48 87.5 West Bengal 21. Chandannagar 4.54 18.16 OP (old), TF (new) 31 January, 1993 22. Behrampore 0 4 OP 31 March, 1993 23. Nabadwip 0 4 OP 31 March, 1993 24. Kalyani 11 6 TF (old), OP (new) 31 March, 1992 25. Bhatpara Gr. E 0 10 OP 31 March, 1995 26. Bhatpara, Gr. B 8.5 10 ASP (both) 31 March, 1994 4.5 ASP 27. Titagarh 4.5 14 OP (both) 31 March, 1993 4.5 ASP 28. Panihati 0 12 OP 31 December, 1993 29. Baranagar, Kamarhati 0 40 TF 31 March, 1994 30. Garden Reach 0 47 ASP 31 December, 1996 31. South Suburban (E) 0 30 OP 32. Howrah 45 0 TF 31 December, 1991 33. Serampore 18.9 0 TF 31 March, 1993 34. Bally 0 30 OP 31 October, 1994 35. Cossipore – Chitpur 0 45 ASP 1997 Sub Total 101.44 270.16 Total 151.24 730.95


Nevertheless, the impact of GAP Phase-I has been generally observed to be positive in the middle stretch of the Ganga River in the cities of Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi. In these cities, DO measure (an indicator of water quality) continued to decline up to 1992 but has improved thereafter. However, in some cases it still did not meet the prescribed standard of BOD of 3 mg/l because of lack of treatment capacity of the cities and lower volume of minimum flow of river itself in dry season. After completion of Phase-I, it has been felt necessary to extend the Ganga Action Plan and to apply similar Action Plans to other major cities located on the bank of Ganga River in order to control pollution load flow into the rivers. Consequently, River Action Plans have been applied to other major rivers of the country under the two schemes of GAP Phase-II and the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). The total approved cost for GAP Phase-II is around INR 14.966 billion (INR 1496.6 crore). Under GAP Phase-II many action plans such as Gomati Action Plan, Yamuna Action Plan, Damodar Action Plan, GAP-II (main stem), GAP-II (S/C town), etc. has been taken up (Table 1.1).


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CHAPTER 3 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-II (GAP-II) 3.1 GAP-II (MAIN STEM AND S/C TOWNS) Measures related to pollution control were also implemented in the main stem of Ganga River and some other towns as instructed by the Supreme Court. Tables 3.1 and 3.2 present numbers of such activities under each category that were completed and sanctioned for the two cases. GAP-II (Main Stem) has been implemented from July 1995 to December 2001 covering 29 towns of 4 states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar and West Bengal. In this plan one STP of 32 MLD capacity was completed in Haridwar-Rishikesh. Under GAP-II (Main Stem), it was planned to intercept/divert or treat around 588 MLD of wastewater. However, in this plan along the main stem of Ganga River altogether only 12 schemes have been completed out of 73 sanctioned schemes. Under GAP-II (S/C Towns), pollution control measures are planned to be implemented in 30 different cities that have been directed by the Supreme Court. In this programme, most of the schemes deal with interception and diversion works, low cost sanitation and river front development works. It is also planned to take up 2 STP works in Uttaranchal and 8 STP works in West Bengal and are yet to be completed. Altogether, only 6 schemes have been completed out of 73 sanctioned schemes during October 1996 to February 1999.

Table 3.1 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II (Main Stem) (As on 31 January 2003)

Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal Bihar West Bengal Total Interception & Diversion 4 (13) 2 (2) 0 (0) 0 (12) 6 (27)Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (2) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (2) 1 (5)Low Cost Sanitation 3 (5) 0 (1) 0 (8) 0 (0) 3 (14)Crematoria 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (6)River Front Facilities 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (11) 1 (6) 1 (17)Other Schemes 1 (3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 1 (4)

Total 8 (24) 3 (4) 0 (21) 1 (24) 12 (73) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003 Table 3.2 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II(Supreme Court Towns)

(As on 31 January 2003)

Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal Bihar West Bengal Total Interception & Diversion 0 (2) 0 (6) 0 (0) 0 (22) 0 (30)Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (0) 0 (2) 0 (0) 0 (8) 0 (10)Low Cost Sanitation 0 (3) 0 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (12)Crematoria 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (1)River Front Facilities 0 (0) 6 (6) 0 (0) 0 (13) 6 (19)Other Schemes 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1)

Total 0 (5) 6 (24) 0 (0) 0 (44) 6 (73) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003 3.2 GOMATI ACTION PLAN PHASE-I AND PHASE-II To control the pollution load from cities of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Jaunpur into River Gomati, Gomati Action Plan Phase-I (GoAP-I) was implemented from April 1993 to March 1999 with part of the work completed in the city of Lucknow aided by DFID, UK. Total approved cost for this plan was INR 0.61 billion (INR 61.11 crore). River Gomati receives discharge of around 356.03 MLD from 26 city drains in Lucknow. In Phase-I, 15 schemes out of 27 sanctioned schemes were completed (Table 3.3) under different categories of activities. Under these schemes interception and diversion were constructed for


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Gaughat Nala, Nagaria Nala, Sarkata Nala, Pata Nala, Wazirganj Nala and Ghasiyari Mandi Nala. STP with a capacity of 42 MLD was also constructed with FAB technology requiring less area than conventional systems. Two schemes named construction of rising main to Kukrail IPS and interception/diversion of Kukrail Nala are still under consideration. Few activities under interception and diversion, which were sanctioned, are still to be completed (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GoAP-I (As on 31 January 2003)

Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Total Interception & Diversion 9 (18) 9 (18) Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (2) 0 (2) Low Cost Sanitation 2 (2) 2 (2) Crematoria 2 (2) 2 (2) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 0 (0) Other Schemes 2 (3) 2 (3)

Total 15 (27) 15 (27) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

After the completion of GoAP-I, it has been proposed to undertake Gomati Action plan Phase-II (GoAP-II) so called “Pollution Control of River Gomati at Lucknow” under Integrated Ganga River Basin Management Programme, to be sanctioned by NRCD, MOEF. Under GoAP-II, it has been proposed to intercept & divert the sewage flow carried by drains on upstream of Gomati River to a STP located near the out fall of Sarkata Nala. The remaining flow of 21 drains is to be conveyed to downstream of barrage up to proposed STPs. GoAP-II consists of diversion of 25 drains including 24 SPS, rising main of 37 kilometers length, 21 LCSs and 3 STPs of 412 MLD capacity with costs of INR 317.60 crore (vide “Brief Note on Pollution Control of River Gomati at Lucknow under Integrated Ganga River Basin Management Programme”, March 2002). Meanwhile, the second phase of GoAP has been sanctioned in May 2003 and is planned to start soon. A total budget of INR 2.6326 billion (INR 263.26 crore) has been estimated for the implementation of this phase of project. Thus the sanctioned activities falls short (INR 54 crore) of what had been proposed and additional work is needed for effective control of pollution into River Gomati. The activities to be carried out under this plan include construction of interception/diversion on 19 sewers, MPS near Gwari culvert, 345 MLD UASB sewage treatment plant near Kakraha, 25 MLD WSP sewage treatment plant and 5 MLD FAB technology based STP at Daulatganj. Other activities also include land acquisition for STP, public awareness, low cost sanitation and afforestation along river. It is likely that with the execution of priority works, water quality of Gomati River on upstream reaches will be improved but the overall improvement will be only after completion of all the works envisaged in the aforesaid Comprehensive Project. 3.3 YAMUNA ACTION PLAN PHASE-I AND PHASE-II For water pollution abatement and water quality conservation in Yamuna River, Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I (YAP-I) has been implemented by NRCD from April 1993 to February 2003 (along with the extended phase). YAP-I (along with the extended phase) was funded by JBIC under soft loan amounting INR 7.3205 billion (INR 732.05 crore) and covered 21 towns in 3 states of Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. The details on number of schemes sanctioned and completed under YAP-I and under extended phase have been shown in Tables 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. In this plan, 34 STPs were constructed/installed with their total sewage handling capacity amounting to 743 MLD (Table 3.7) and around 180 km of sewer was constructed (Table 3.6). Other activities include construction of low cost sanitation facilities, crematoria and river front improvements. After the implementation of project, a few deficiencies were observed in the use of developed infrastructures. Low cost sanitation units were observed to be underutilized and the maintenance was also not enough. Therefore, more efforts must be put in to


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popularize the use of LCS units and to check proper operation and management of these units. The use of crematoria was also not plenty and there is a need of public awareness activity to highlight advantage of using such crematoria and remove social taboos. It is also required to properly monitor the performance of STPs on regular basis and apply the corrective measures if need be. For proper operation and maintenance of pumping stations and STPs, sufficient fund should be allocated to or generated in concerned agencies. Further efforts should be made to improve the impact of Public Participation and Public Awareness programs due emphasis must be given on such schemes. If there is a need, the Institutional and Capacity Building of concerned agencies must be given due attention to improve the performance of pollution control measures.

Table 3.4 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP-I (As on 31 January 2003)

Type of Scheme Delhi Haryana Uttar Pradesh Total Interception & Diversion 0 (0) 16 (20) 29 (29) 45 (49) Sewage Treatment Plants 2 (2) 12 (17) 14 (14) 28 (33) Low Cost Sanitation 0 (0) 5 (6) 8 (8) 13 (14) Crematoria 1 (1) 6 (6) 8 (8) 15 (15) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 1 (1) 3 (4) 4 (5) Other Schemes 0 (0) 5 (11) 10 (16) 15 (27)

Total 3 (3) 45 (61) 72 (79) 120 (143) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003 Table 3.5 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP Extended Phase

(As on 31 January 2003) Type of Scheme Delhi Haryana Uttar Pradesh Total

Interception & Diversion 0 (0) 10 (10) 14 (17) 24 (27) Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (5) 10 (10) 16 (20) 26 (35) Low Cost Sanitation 1 (2) 6 (6) 7 (8) 14 (16) Crematoria 1 (1) 0 (1) 1 (2) 2 (4) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Other Schemes 0 (1) 2 (2) 6 (9) 8 (12)

Total 2 (9) 28 (29) 44 (56) 74 (94) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

Table 3.6 Key details of various types of schemes under YAP

Number of Schemes Length of Sewers (km)

States Sanctioned

Cost (Billion Rs.)

Sanctioned Completed Ongoing Sanctioned Completed Ongoing

A. Interception and Diversion Haryana 0.6249 20 16 4 130.8 118.88 11.92Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Uttar Pradesh 0.8159 29 29 0 48.1 48.1 0Sub Total 1.4408 49 45 4 178.9 166.98 11.92B. Main Pumping Station

Haryana 0.2896 9 9 0 22 15 7Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Uttar Pradesh 0.2880 5 3 2 38 37 1Sub Total 0.5776 14 12 2 60 52 8C. Sewage Treatment Plant Capacity to

be created, MLD

Capacity created, MLD

Number of created STP

Haryana 1.1067 16 12 4 322 306.5 11Delhi 0.1344 2 2 0 20 20 2


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Uttar Pradesh 0.9421 15 15 0 401.25 401.25 15Sub Total 2.1832 33 29 4 743.25 727.75 28D. Low Cost Sanitation Number of units/seats Haryana 0.0274 6 5 1 31/560 31/560 0Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Uttar Pradesh 0.0515 8 8 0 142/1720 142/1720 0Sub Total 0.0789 14 13 1 173/2280 173/2280 0E. Crematoria Number of Furnace Haryana 0.0022 6 6 0 24 24 0Delhi 0.0414 1 1 0 1 1 0Uttar Pradesh 0.0069 8 8 0 76 72 4Sub Total 0.0505 15 15 0 101 97 4

F. Bathing Ghat To be developed

Developed Ongoing

Haryana 0.0073 1 1 0 2 2 0Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Uttar Pradesh 0.0093 4 2 2 5 1 2Sub Total 0.0166 5 3 2 7 3 2

Table 3.7 Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant under YAP

Town STP Numbers Capacity, MLD Type Haryana 1. Yamunanagar STP-I 10 UASB STP-II 25 UASB 2. Karnal STP-I 40 UASB STP-II 8 OP 3. Panipat STP-I 10 UASB STP-II 35 UASB 4. Sonepat STP-I 30 UASB 5. Gurgaon STP-I 30 UASB 6. Faridabad STP-I 20 UASB STP-II 45 UASB STP-III 50 UASB 7. Chhchhrauli STP 1 OP 8. Gharaunda STP 3 OP 9. Gohana STP 3.5 OP 10. Indri STP 1.5 OP 11. Palwaal STP 9 OP 12. Radaur STP 1 OP Sub Total 17 STPs 322 Delhi 13. Delhi STP-I 10 ASP STP-II 10 ASP Sub Total 2 STPs 20 Uttar Pradesh 14. Saharanpur STP 38 UASB 15. Muzaffarnagar STP 32.5 OP 16. Ghaziabad STP-I 70 UASB 3 KT STP-II 56 UASB 17. Noida STP-I 34 UASB STP-II 27 UASB STP-III 9 OP 18. Vrindavan STP-I 4 OP


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STP-II 0.5 OP 19. Mathura STP-I 14.5 OP STP-II 12.5 OP 20. Agra STP-I 78 UASB STP-II 10 OP STP-III 2.25 OP 21. Etawah STP 10 OP Sub Total 15 STPs 401.25 Total 34 STPs 743.25


The implementation of YAP-I partially helped in improving the Yamuna river water quality. However, it is necessary to prepare and implement a holistic plan to address the present and future pollution load generated in Yamuna river basin. Based on the YAP-I inventory documents, Yamuna Action Plan Phase-II (YAP-II) is planned to be formulated to undertake the remaining works to accomplish the objectives of the current issues. The draft of YAP-II proposed to NRCD, MOEF consists of the following works for next phase (vide “The Pre-Feasibility Study on Yamuna Action Plan Phase-II”, August 2000). (1) Works of sewerage, low cost sanitation, crematoria, etc. in additional towns of Haryana and U.P.

which were not included in YAP-I and are expected to release their wastewater discharges into Yamuna River due to their high increase of population. In U.P., the additional town covered in the Pre-Feasibility Study is Allahabad City.

(2) Additional works in the existing six cities of Haryana and eight cities in U.P to meet the shortfall in capacity due to population growth. The works will include such items as additional sewerage, augmentation in the capacity of STPs to meet the requirement of additional treatment capacity as a result of growth in population, augmentation in low cost sanitation and crematoria schemes.

(3) Provision of proper conveying system and a common effluent treatment plant at Panipat in Haryana to treat the industrial effluents from large number of small-scale industries of the city.

(4) Identifying the extent of damage to the sewerage system of Delhi and cost required to renovate it. This will be a major step towards restoring the water quality of Yamuna River.

(5) Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity in Delhi to meet the gap between the generation of sewage and present installed capacity.

(6) Identifying the extent of pollution created by the slums located in the riverbed of Yamuna in Delhi and to assess the cost involved in their rehabilitation.

(7) Provision of suitable disinfection system in all the STPs constructed under YAP-I and to be constructed under YAP-II.

(8) Provision for public participation and awareness to make the programme sustainable by involving active participation of local bodies.

(9) Provision of institutional strengthening of agencies responsible for execution of plan and operation and management of infrastructures to make the program self-sustainable.

The execution of Phase-II plan will help conserving hygienic environment in River Yamuna and its basin in particular and subsequently will help improving the water quality of River Ganga in general.


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CHAPTER 4 DONOR AND NGO’S ACTIVITIES There are three projects in the Study area supported by grants/loans from donor countries and are presented in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Part of the Project Carried out under External Assistance

Project Date of Start Date of Completion Grant Amount (Billion Rs.)

A. Dutch Assistance (under GAPII) 1. GAP Support Project in Kanpur October, 1997 December, 2004 1.05B. British Assistance (DFID), UK 1. Cost Benefit Analysis of GAP-I February, 1996 February, 1997 0.005722. Pollution Abatement Works in

Lucknow under Gomati Action Plan September, 1995 January, 1999 0.209

C. Japanese Assistance (OECF) 1. Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) December, 1992 February, 2003 4.01

4.1 THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF NETHERLANDS According to basic principal of grant aid project in India, the Royal Government of Netherlands will assist the GAP-I and GAP-II projects on national level. During past few years, the Royal Government of Netherlands has assisted to implement interception, diversion and STP project along the Ganga River. Total support from the Royal Government of Netherlands amounts to INR 1.05 billion (INR 105 crore). The remaining activities to be covered under this grant are to intercept, divert or install STP in the southern city of Kanpur flowing to Pandu River, tributary of Ganga, and include 200 MLD sewerage treatment, low cost sanitation, solid waste management and water supply renovation. Apart from STP project, Royal Government of the Netherlands carried out the study report on “Hazardous Waste Disposal at Rooma” for chromium removal measure. It will continue to assist the implementation of project till year 2004 and subsequently will shift their support to the states of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Gujarat. 4.2 THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICA The USA funded preparation of the Feasibility Study Report of the Sewerage Project in Varanasi City in May 1997. However, it was not approved by the government. The proposed components consisted of gravitational sewer along Ganga and Varuna Rivers and so called Advanced Integrated Wastewater Ponding System (AIWPS). 4.3 THE UNITED KINGDOM The Government of United Kingdom provided grant assistance aid to the Government of India especially in four states mainly for environmental and/or sanitary development study. Under this aid programme, DFID has formulated the master plan named “Urban Environmental Services Master Plan for Lucknow” in the year 1997. However, DFID has been eventually obliged to change their aid strategy for the Uttar Pradesh State due to some management matters and it has not implemented any scheme ever since 1997.


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4.4 THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN The implementation of Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I (YAP-I) has eventually completed in March 2003 with the extension of soft component, i.e., non-sewerage scheme undertaken by JBIC, Government of Japan. Further YAP Phase-II is planned by the Government of Japan. For implementation of YAP-II, loan agreement has been extended by JBIC in March 2003. 4.5 OTHER COUNTRIES / INTERNATIONAL AGENCY (1) World Bank The World Bank (WB) has loaned a part of the Ganga Action Plan Phase-I from December 1987 to March 1996 for priority pollution control works in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. This project also included procurement of equipments for pollution abatement and training of staff of GPD and its implementing agencies. The World Bank is also aiding preparation of Environmental Report in Uttar Pradesh in order to understand the current status of various components of environment. The Final report is due to be submitted in 2003 to the NRCD, MoEF and Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) UP State. In addition, WB is also planning to support the organization of seminars, workshops, activities related to Public Participation and Public Awareness in Lucknow in the near future. (2) ADB According to its strategy, ADB has actively financed for several states in the southern part of India. However, there does not seem to be any sewerage project or non-sewerage scheme being supported by ADB in Ganga River basin especially for four cities. However, there are possibilities of ADB co-financing project with international funding agency such as JBIC and WB in the near future for development works in Ganga Basin. Therefore, it is important to observe and follow the ADB’s trend with time for soft loan towards the implementation of Ganga River Basin Project. 4.6 NGOs In this country, there are many Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) for working on various scheme and several NGOs are good at implementing the hard field of sewerage project as well as soft field like organization of workshops, seminars, activate people participation, etc. The following sections describe in brief about various NGOs dealing with few activities related to the Ganga river basin. (1) Sankat Mochan Foundation (SMF) SMF, located in the Varanasi City, has been involved with the USAID project in the Varanasi city. SMF together with some expert recommended the typical treatment system for domestic wastewater for the improvement of sewerage system in the city of Varanasi. (2) Sulabh International This NGO body, Sulabh International is mainly carrying out the operation and maintenance (O&M) of LCS and/or public toilet facilities. Sulabh International had good experience of construction of LCS in India especially through YAP-1 project. (3) Other NGOs Few dedicated NGOs have been involved with the maintenance of bathing Ghats in Varanasi city and Dhobi Ghats in Lucknow city on their own. However, there does not seem to be any on-going project related to such activities in the Ganga River Basin in Uttar Pradesh State.

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