tek 8.11c 8.2e 11-10 the high winds of hurricanes and typhoons often destroy mangrove forests. the...

TEK 8.11C8.2E

11-10

The high winds of hurricanes and typhoons often destroy mangrove forests. The destruction of these forests most likely affects ecosystems by —

A) reducing beach erosion in sea-turtle nesting areas B) reducing the amount of saltwater flowing into lakes C) causing pollution in inland rivers and streams D) forcing migratory birds to find other places to rest

C4: Organisms and Environment

Mangrove trees have special roots that let them live in the somewhat salty water where rivers meet the ocean. These roots collect sediments, debris, and

mud. This gradually helps coastlines stretch farther into the sea. Forests of mangrove trees also provide shelter for wildlife.

TEK 7.12D8.3B

11-11

A diagram of a plant cell is shown. The function of the plant cell structure shown in the enlargement

is to —

A) provide support for the cell B) direct all the cell’s activities C) use energy from sunlight to make sugar D) regulate substances that enter and exit the cell


TEK 6.12D

11-12

Eukaryotes are classified into four kingdoms according to certain characteristics. The diagram below shows some characteristics of

the four kingdoms. Which is the plant Kingdom?


TEK 7.11C

13-1

Some dairy farmers want to increase the amount of milk produced by their cows. How can the farmers use selective breeding to

increase milk production?A) By increasing the age of the cows that are bredB) By choosing cows that are high milk producersC) By limiting the number of offspring per cowD) By choosing cows that can produce milk after eating the most

food



TEK 8.11C8.3A13-6

Wild Soay sheep live in a cold environment on a small Scottish island. The sheep used to be large because they gained extra weight during the summers in order to survive the harsh winters. A recent change in the island’s climate

has caused grass to be available for a longer period each year, so survival conditions for the sheep have become less challenging. Researchers who study

these sheep have most likely observed a decrease in the wild Soay’s —A) Size B) life expectancy C) reproduction rates D) body temperature


TEK 8.11B8.2E13-8

The graph shows the percent of seeds from two plant species that sprout when grown in water containing different amounts of salt. Which of the following best summarizes the

effect of saltwater on these plant species?A) Species 1 can sprout only in freshwater, and Species 2 can sprout only in saltwater.B)Both species can sprout in freshwater and saltwater, but Species 2 can sprout in a higher

salt concentration than Species1.C) Both species need salt in their water, but Species 2 needs more salt than Species 1.D) Species 1 can sprout only in water with a low salt concentration, but Species 2 is not

affected by the salt concentration.


TEK 7.14B

13-13

Certain species of whiptail lizards have only female individuals and no males. These lizards reproduce asexually. What is one disadvantage of asexual reproduction for these lizards?

A) A new population can be established by a single individual in a relatively short period of time.

B) All the members of a population are genetically very similar and less able to survive environmental changes.

C) They are smaller than lizards that reproduce sexually.D) Theyaremorelikelytodevelopavarietyoftaillengths


TEK 8.11A8.3B

13-17

How many organisms in this food web eat only producers?


TEK 7.11A8.2E

13-24

Some students collected leaf samples. The students used the leaf identification key to identify a leaf

sample. Based on the identification key, which type of tree is this sample

from?A) GinkgoB) Honey locustC) Horse chestnutD) Black maple


TEK 8.11B8.3B

13-27

Which organisms in the food web compete for the same food source in this environment?

A) Grasshoppers and snakes B) Hawks and frogsC) Frogs and snakes D) Decomposers and grasses


TEK 8.11A

13-29

While exploring a lake in Argentina, Laguna del Diamante (Diamond Lake), scientists found rocks covered with mats made of

photosynthetic microbes. Flamingos in the area filter the nutrient-rich microbes by pumping the lake water through their bill. What is

the relationship between the photosynthetic microbes and the flamingos in the Laguna del Diamante ecosystem?

A) The microbes are parasites, and the flamingos are hosts.B) The microbes are carnivores, and the flamingos are predators.C) The microbes are herbivores, and the flamingos are carnivores.D) The microbes are producers, and the flamingos are consumers.


TEK 7.10C

13-32

Some students take care of a vegetable garden. When it is time to plant in the spring, the students leave part of the garden empty in order to observe ecological succession. Which of these will most

likely occur first?

A) Development of topsoilB) Growth of weeds and grassesC) Growth of trees and shrubsD) Development of a stream


TEK 7.12D

13-34

Plants use energy from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugar. Which structure is found only in plant cells and helps

plants capture energy from sunlight?

A) Vacuole B) Nucleus C) Chloroplast D) Cell membrane


TEK 8.11B8.2E

13-43

The Couch’s spadefoot lives in Texas and has the characteristics listed. The Couch’s spadefoot is adapted to a certain type of

environment. Which of these resources is most likely scarce in this environment?

A)Soil B)Sunlight C)Water D)Oxygen


TEK 8.11A

13-45

Baleen whales eat zooplankton by taking a large amount of water into their mouth. These whales use special structures in their mouth to separate zooplankton from the water. Because baleen whales eat

zooplankton, they are classified as—

A) producers B) predators C) parasites D) hosts


TEK 6.12D8.2E

13-47

The characteristics of a particular organism are listed. In which kingdom should this organism be classified?

A) Fungi B) Eubacteria C) Plantae D)Animalia


TEK 8.11C

13-50

Some scientists studying aquatic plants notice that flooding often leads to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis among aquatic plants. Flooding causes more sediment to be suspended in the

water. The increased sediment concentration decreases the amount of light that reaches the plants. Why does a decreased rate of

photosynthesis lead to a decrease in a plant population?A)Less water is available for absorption.B) Less tissue is available for plant growth.C) Less energy is available for reproduction.D Less soil is available for leaf development.


TEK 8.11C8.3D14-3

Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the peppered moth was commonly found on tree trunks that had light-colored lichen on the bark. Most of the peppered moths were a light gray-brown color similar to that of the lichen. A few of the moths had a mutation that made them a dark gray-brown color.

A) The soot-covered trees camouflaged the dark moths.

B) The dark moths preyed on the light moths.C) Bird populations increased in the areas

near the factories.D) The dark moths laid fewer eggs than the

light moths.

During the Industrial Revolution, coal-burning factories produced black soot that covered the trees and killed the lichen in and near cities. In these areas the number of dark peppered moths increased, while the number of light peppered moths decreased. What contributed to this change?


TEK 8.11B8.2D14-5

The Prairies Region and the Cross Timbers are located in north-central Texas. The graph shows information about eating habits of white-tailed

deer in these regions. A Cross Timbers rancher is concerned about competition between the

ranch animals and the deer. Based on the graph, which ranch animals compete for the most food

with white-tailed deer?A) Cattle that eat grass and feedB) Goats that eat weeds and shrubsC) Turkeys that eat seeds and fruitD) Hogs that eat fruit, seeds, and feed


TEK 7.11C8.3D14-7

When Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in the 1800s, he observed many types of organisms that were similar but lived on different islands. The four species of mockingbirds found on the Galápagos Islands are shown. Each species lives on a different island. These species are very similar, but the Hood mockingbird has a longer beak than the other three species. Which of the following best explains this difference?

A) The Hood mockingbird needs a longer beak for defense against predators.B) The Hood mockingbird originated from a different type of bird than the other species.C) The Hood mockingbird’s longer beak is an adaptation to the food available in the bird’s

habitat.D) The Hood mockingbird’s beak stretched to reach its food, and the longer beak was passed

down to its offspring.


TEK 8.11C8.3B

14-11

Which of these correctly describes a relationship between organisms in the soil food web?

A) Protozoa get nutrients from small arthropods.B) Mammals are predators of birds.C) Nematodes prey on arthropods.D) Bacteria get nutrients from organic matter.


TEK 8.11C

14-13

Galveston Bay is an estuary in Southeast Texas. The amount of salt in the water changes with the tides. Sometimes the water is mostly freshwater, and sometimes it is mixed with saltwater. Various plant species live in this environment and provide a habitat for other organisms.

To successfully live in an estuary, a plant species must have an adaptation that allows it to —

A) produce large amounts of foodC) absorb large amounts of water

B) store excess gasesD) filter excess salt


TEK 8.11B8.2B

14-18

A scientist named Joseph Connell studied two species of barnacles on the shore of a Scottish island. In the area between the average tide and the neap high tide, he found that the population of Species A

was smaller than that of Species B. He removed Species B from one area but left both Species A and B in a similar area. The graph shows the results of this study. Based on these data, which hypothesis was

Connell most likely testing?A) The populations of both species of barnacles increase more in

warm water than in cool water.B) Barnacles grow larger when they are isolated from other species.C) The two species of barnacles compete with each other for

resources.D) The two species of barnacles are closely related to each other.


TEK 8.11A8.3B

14-22

In this aquatic food web which two organisms have a predator-prey relationship?

A) Shad and sturgeons B)Sturgeons and blue crabsC) Blue crabs and rangia clams D)Copepods and amphipods


TEK 7.12B

14-29

When people run long distances, their muscles require increased amounts of oxygen. Which system is responsible for carrying this

oxygen to the muscles?

A) Nervous B) RespiratoryC) Digestive D) Circulatory


TEK 7.12F8.3D

14-32

In 1838 botanist Matthias Schleiden determined that all plants are composed of cells. In 1839 anatomist Theodor Schwann proposed that all animals are composed of cells. In 1855 biologist Rudolph Virchow added to Schleiden’s and Schwann’s observations and

proposed that all living things are composed of cells. Which statement is also part of Virchow’s cell theory?

A) All cells have a cell wall.B) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.C) All cells are capable of photosynthesis.D) All cells can develop into any other type of cell.


TEK 8.11B8.2E

14-36

Fish in a lake have to compete for space. Different fish have different optimal temperature ranges. The graph shows the temperature

ranges of four fish species. At which temperature range will there be the most competition for space among these fish species?

A) 5°C to 10°C B) 10°C to 15°CC)15°C to 20°C D) 25°C to 30°C


TEK 8.11C8.2E

14-40

The types of small organisms that live on the bottom of streams can be good indicators of water pollution. The table groups some organisms by their tolerance of pollution. A certain stream that was historically clear and clean has become increasingly polluted with fertilizer waste over the years. Which of these describes a likely result of this pollution?

A) Mayflies that were previously abundant are no longer present in the stream.B) Stone flies and midges thrive and compete for the same food source.C) Large numbers of crayfish have suddenly died.D) Riffle beetles have become more abundant in the stream.


TEK 8.11A8.3B

14-47

The African savanna is a grassland scattered with shrubs and small trees. Some of the organisms that live in the savanna are shown. Which two types of organisms have a producer-consumer relationship in this African savanna?

A) Zebras and hyenas B) Hyenas and cheetahsC) Trees and elephants DFungi and dung beetles


TEK 7.14B

14-50

The hydra is a very small, simple animal that lives in water. Hydras reproduce asexually by budding, a process in which a bud breaks off an adult hydra and floats away. Which of the following best describes a hydra bud?A) A hydra bud contains genetic material from its two

parents.B) A hydra bud is genetically identical to the parent

hydra.C) A hydra bud has different mutations than the

parent hydra.D) A hydra bud has half as much genetic material as

the parent hydra.


TEK 7.10B8.3B

14-53

Which ecosystem would be more likely to survive if a disease killed the grasses?A) The forest ecosystem, because most of the animals can eat other organismsB) The grassland ecosystem, because several predators compete for foodC) The forest ecosystem, because it has three top predatorsD) The grassland ecosystem, because it has many herbivores

TEK 8.11C

15-1

The Guam rail is a flightless bird found on the island of Guam. It builds a shallow nest on the ground and lays eggs throughout the year. There are no native species of snakes on Guam, so the Guam rail

had no experience with snake predators until the brown tree snake was accidentally introduced sometime between 1944 and 1952. These snakes, which eat a wide variety of animal species,

quickly established a large population on Guam. How was the Guam rail most likely affected by the introduction of the brown tree snake?

A) The brown tree snake ate only species that lived in trees, so it had no effect on the Guam rail.

B) The Guam rail quickly developed the ability to fly in order to escape from the brown tree snake.

C) The population of the Guam rail declined, and the species nearly became extinct.

D) The Guam rail began to build its nests in trees.


TEK 6.12D

15-4

Which list of characteristics describes organisms classified as animals?

A) Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophicB) Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophicC) Unicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophicD) Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic


TEK 7.12B8.3B15-6

A student drew the picture of a human body system shown. The student labeled some of the organs of the system. The main function

of this human body system is to —

A) sense odors in the environment B) exchange gases with the environment C) chew food as it enters the mouth D) trap particles that enter the nose


TEK 8.11A8.3B15-8

Many Texas caves provide a habitat for animals that live in total darkness. The caves are damp and cool, and most of the caves are rich in the mineral calcite.

The diagram shows the relationships of some organisms involved in a cave ecosystem. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is valid?

A) Owls are predators of bats, and bats are predators of moths.B) Beetles compete with bats and cave spiders.C) Snakes prey on bats and owls.D) None of the above


TEK 8.11D8.1B

15-16

Which of these human activities is most likely to cause the excessive growth of phytoplankton in the world’s oceans?

A) The use of chemical fertilizers that are carried by runoff into riversB) The logging of old-growth forests, which results in erosionC) The spraying of chemical herbicides that reduce carbon dioxide in

the airD) The mining of fossil fuels, which requires digging underground

tunnels


TEK 8.11A8.3B

15-21

The partial food web shown is found in an aquatic environment. This type of environment has many organisms in the same trophic levels. Which two types of organisms in this

aquatic food web have a producer–consumer relationship?A) Microscopic algae and white suckersB) Small invertebrates and amphipodsC) Phytoplankton and mummichogsD) Amphipods and channel catfish


TEK 8.11B8.3B

15-23

The graph shows the range of water conditions preferred by three species of fish in an Ozark stream. Water with which of these conditions would cause the

most competition for resources among all three species of fish? A) Very cold, very clear, and very fast B) Very warm, very clear, and very slow C) Mild temperatures, some suspended particles, flows very fast D) Mild temperatures, some suspended particles, flows at a medium speed


TEK 7.11A8.2E

15-28

A student examines the winged insect shown. Based on the dichotomous key, in

what order should this insect be classified?

A) MantodeaB) RaphidiopteraC) ColeopteraD) Lepidoptera


TEK 8.11C8.3A

15-31

Scientists are studying the effects of climate change on the Baltic Sea. Some scientists predict that if current trends continue, the

Baltic Sea will become less salty, and it will contain less dissolved oxygen. As a result of these changes, the Baltic Sea will have less biodiversity. The location of the Baltic Sea is shown on the map below. Which statement best explains why biodiversity in the

Baltic Sea could decrease if these changes occur?


A) Fewer types of plants and animals are found in warm water than in cool water.B) Plants and animals adapted for living in saltwater will grow more slowly in water that

has less salt.C) Plants and animals adapted for living in saltier conditions will not be able to survive

and reproduce.D) Animals adapted for living in warm water will eat all the plants and animals adapted

for living in cool water.

TEK 8.11C

15-40

Copper compounds are used in large amounts to control the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. Copper interferes with

photosynthesis in these organisms. What would be the most likely result of an accidental spill of these compounds in an aquatic

environment?

A) The fish would grow larger than usual.B) The zooplankton population would increase.C) The plants would increase in size but decrease in number.D) The plant populations would be reduced.


TEK 8.11B8.2E

15-42

Barnacles are marine organisms that live attached to surfaces as adults. A scientist studies two barnacle species that live on rocks on a coast in Scotland. In some rocky areas Species

A is found alone. In other rocky areas Species B is found alone. In still other rocky areas both species are found together. The diagram below shows the two barnacle species on

rocks in their habitats. If Species B were removed from the rocky areas it shares with Species A, Species A would most likely inhabit —

A) Zone I only B)Zones I and II only C)Zone III only D)Zones I, II, and III


TEK 8.11A8.2E

15-44

Some students are studying the relationships between organisms in a food web. How many predators shown in this food web are

omnivores?


TEK 7.10B8.3A

15-46

Tropical rain forests have the greatest biodiversity of any type of land ecosystem. How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an

ecosystem?A) The presence of more species with different adaptations makes it more

likely that some organisms will survive an ecological disaster.B) Greater genetic variation within species makes it more likely that some

individuals will survive a disease outbreak.C) The presence of a variety of herbivore species that can feed on a large

number of different producer species helps ensure abundant prey for predators in the ecosystem.

D) All of the above


TEK 7.14C

15-53

53Three cousins have a similar appearance but different face shapes. face?

A) Genes, chromosomes, and nucleusB) Cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and genesC) Vacuoles, nucleus, and chromosomesD) Chromosomes, chloroplasts, and vacuoles


tek 8.11c 8.2e 11-10 the high winds of hurricanes and typhoons often destroy mangrove forests. the...

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low salt concentration