MASS Middle TAKS Project

MASS Middle TAKS Project

Objective 1 – 8.2EThe student is expected to

construct graphs, tables, maps and charts using tools including

computers to organize, examine, and evaluate data.

Objective 1 – 8.2EThe student is expected to

construct graphs, tables, maps and charts using tools including

computers to organize, examine, and evaluate data.

Objective 1 – Highlight from Information Booklet

Objective 1 – Highlight from Information Booklet

Students should be able to interpret and evaluate graphs, charts, and

maps. Maps may include topographic contour maps, in which each line on

the map represents a change in elevation and differences in spacing

between lines indicate relative steepness of slopes.

Students should be able to interpret and evaluate graphs, charts, and

maps. Maps may include topographic contour maps, in which each line on

the map represents a change in elevation and differences in spacing

between lines indicate relative steepness of slopes.

GraphsGraphs

• Bar - comparing trials/variables• Line - change over time• Circle (pie) - parts of a whole: %

• Bar - comparing trials/variables• Line - change over time• Circle (pie) - parts of a whole: %

Bar & Line GraphsBar & Line Graphs

• X-axis = independent variable(tested variable)

• Y-axis = dependent variable (what is being measured)

• Include descriptive titles• Include key when applicable• Label (title) each axis including units

• X-axis = independent variable(tested variable)

• Y-axis = dependent variable (what is being measured)

• Include descriptive titles• Include key when applicable• Label (title) each axis including units

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Precipitation (cm)

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Month

Monthly Precipitation in Three Cities

Winnipeg, CanadaIzmir, TurkeyUlan Bator, Mongolia

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Precipitation (cm)

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Month

Monthly Precipitation in Three Cities

Winnipeg, CanadaIzmir, TurkeyUlan Bator, Mongolia

Bar Graph ExampleBar Graph Example

Descriptive Title

Key (legend)

Y-axis label with correct unit abbreviation

X-axis label

Y-axis scale fills

page

X-axis scale clear and easy to

read

Bar GraphsBar GraphsUS Postal Service Stamp Prices

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Year

Cost

of

Sta

mp (

cen

ts)

US Postal Service Stamp Prices

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Year

Cost

of

Sta

mp (

cen

ts)

• Used to compare different items or trials

• Used to track one item over time

• What can you say about stamp prices based on this graph?

• Used to compare different items or trials

• Used to track one item over time

• What can you say about stamp prices based on this graph?

Line GraphsLine Graphs• Used to show how

two or more variables are related

• Used to show change over time

• What is the difference in pulse rate recovery between athletes and non-athletes?

• Used to show how two or more variables are related

• Used to show change over time

• What is the difference in pulse rate recovery between athletes and non-athletes?

Pulse Recovery Rate of Athletes and Non-athletesPulse Recovery Rate of

Athletes and Non-athletes

Circle or Pie GraphsCircle or Pie Graphs• Used to show

percentage of a whole

• Always totals 100%

• See the big picture quickly

• Where does most of a consumer’s money get spent?

• Used to show percentage of a whole

• Always totals 100%

• See the big picture quickly

• Where does most of a consumer’s money get spent?

TablesTables• Used to organize

information• List information in

columns or rows• Show relationships

between two or more variables

• Pay close attention to the headings and the units

• What happens as water temperature rises?

• Used to organize information

• List information in columns or rows

• Show relationships between two or more variables

• Pay close attention to the headings and the units

• What happens as water temperature rises?

Amount of Oxygen that can be Dissolved in Water

Water Temperature (°C)

Oxygen Content (ppm)

10 11.29

15 10.10

20 9.11

25 8.27

30 7.56

Flow ChartsFlow Charts• Special type of

diagram• Shows steps in a

process• Each step placed in

geometric shape or picture

• Shapes/pictures connected with lines/arrows to show order or flow

• What is the source of oxygen?

• Special type of diagram

• Shows steps in a process

• Each step placed in geometric shape or picture

• Shapes/pictures connected with lines/arrows to show order or flow

• What is the source of oxygen?

MapsMaps• Diagrams

representing a place

• Shows where objects are located

• Usually has legend and scale

• Where would you expect severe thunderstorms?

• Diagrams representing a place

• Shows where objects are located

• Usually has legend and scale

• Where would you expect severe thunderstorms?

Contour MapsContour Maps• Also called Topographic Maps• Drawn lines connect points of equal

elevation• Lines are called contour lines• Contours make it possible to measure the

height of mountains, depths of the ocean bottom, and steepness of slopes

• Distance between lines is called the contour interval

• Lines close together signify steep slopes• Lines far apart represent flat or gently

sloping areas

• Also called Topographic Maps• Drawn lines connect points of equal

elevation• Lines are called contour lines• Contours make it possible to measure the

height of mountains, depths of the ocean bottom, and steepness of slopes

• Distance between lines is called the contour interval

• Lines close together signify steep slopes• Lines far apart represent flat or gently

sloping areas

Reading Contour Maps

Reading Contour Maps• Contours are shown by lines of different

widths• Contours never cross• To help the user determine elevations,

index contours are wider• Elevation values are printed in several

places along these lines• Narrower intermediate & supplementary

contours found between the index contours help to show more details of the land surface shape

• Contours are shown by lines of different widths

• Contours never cross• To help the user determine elevations,

index contours are wider• Elevation values are printed in several

places along these lines• Narrower intermediate & supplementary

contours found between the index contours help to show more details of the land surface shape

This landform drawn topographically……looks like this:

Index Contour (Elevation = 100’)Index Contour (Elevation = 200’)

5 lines between index lines…

Therefore, contour interval = 20’Therefore, (200 - 100)/5 = 20

What Does It All

Mean?

What Does It All

Mean?• The more closely contour lines are packed together the steeper the area; it is cliff-like

• The more closely contour lines are packed together the steeper the area; it is cliff-like

• The more two contour lines are spread apart, the flatter the area

• The more two contour lines are spread apart, the flatter the area

What Does It All

Mean?

What Does It All

Mean?

• Contour lines that form a mountain-like shape show where water has cut a path (valley)

• Contour lines that form a mountain-like shape show where water has cut a path (valley)

What Does It All

Mean?

What Does It All

Mean?

Remember…Remember…• Topographic maps can help you find

elevations, trails, and places to climb• Each contour lines represents the same

elevation everywhere on the line• The ‘Contour Interval’ is the elevation

distance between two adjacent lines• Scales are usually shown in inches or

centimeters • 1:63,360 means 1 inch on the map =

63,360 inches on the ground

• Topographic maps can help you find elevations, trails, and places to climb

• Each contour lines represents the same elevation everywhere on the line

• The ‘Contour Interval’ is the elevation distance between two adjacent lines

• Scales are usually shown in inches or centimeters

• 1:63,360 means 1 inch on the map = 63,360 inches on the ground

What is the contour interval?

What is the contour interval?

200 / 5 lines = 40200 / 5 lines = 40

5 lines between index lines

5 lines between index lines

12,200 - 12,000 = 20012,200 - 12,000 = 200

Contour Interval = 40 km

Contour Interval = 40 km

Sample TAKS QuestionsSample TAKS Questions

Objective 1Number 5

Objective 1Number 5

A landscaping company wants to predict the exact amount of grass seed to use on circular areas. Data collected thus far appears on the graph. Based on this information, how much seed would be required for a circular area 10 m in diameter?

A. About 5 kg

B. About 11 kg

C. About 10 kg

D. About 8 kgD. About 8 kg

• Answer A is incorrect. According to the graph at 5 kg the diameter of the circular area would be about 8 m.

• Answer B is incorrect. According to the graph at 11 kg the diameter of the circular area would be about 12 m.

• Answer C is incorrect. According to the graph at 10 kg the diameter of the circular area would be about 11.5 m.

• Answer A is incorrect. According to the graph at 5 kg the diameter of the circular area would be about 8 m.

• Answer B is incorrect. According to the graph at 11 kg the diameter of the circular area would be about 12 m.

• Answer C is incorrect. According to the graph at 10 kg the diameter of the circular area would be about 11.5 m.

A landscaping company wants to predict the A landscaping company wants to predict the exact amount of grass seed to use on circular exact amount of grass seed to use on circular areas. Data collected thus far appears on the areas. Data collected thus far appears on the graph. Based on this information, how much graph. Based on this information, how much seed would be required for a circular area 10 seed would be required for a circular area 10 m in diameter?m in diameter?

• Answer D is correctcorrect. The line on the graph is not linear (straight line) so the pattern indicated will not increase at a constant rate. From 4 m to 8 m the amount of seed increase by approximately 2 kg of seed. As the graph jumps to 12 m the amount of seed needed increased by 6 kg indicating that the seed needed at 10 m is 8 kg an increase of 3 kg.

• Answer D is correctcorrect. The line on the graph is not linear (straight line) so the pattern indicated will not increase at a constant rate. From 4 m to 8 m the amount of seed increase by approximately 2 kg of seed. As the graph jumps to 12 m the amount of seed needed increased by 6 kg indicating that the seed needed at 10 m is 8 kg an increase of 3 kg.

A landscaping company wants to predict the exact A landscaping company wants to predict the exact amount of grass seed to use on circular areas. amount of grass seed to use on circular areas. Data collected thus far appears on the graph. Data collected thus far appears on the graph. Based on this information, how much seed would Based on this information, how much seed would be required for a circular area 10 m in diameter?be required for a circular area 10 m in diameter?

The tables show the data students collected about plant growth. According to this information, what are the best conditions in which to germinate these plant seeds?A. Cool temperatures with

indirect sun and lots of water

B. Warm temperatures with direct sun, watering only when dry

C. Warm temperatures with indirect sun, watering weekly

D. Hot temperatures with direct sun, watering daily

B. Warm temperatures with direct sun, watering only when dry

Plant Growth Data - Temperature

Temperature (°C) 15 21 29

Number of Seeds Germinated

0 8 2

Plant Growth Data - Light

Light Condition

Direct Sun

Indirect Sun

Deep Shade

Number of Seeds

Germinated7 4 1

Plant Growth Data - Water

Water Regime

60 mL

daily

Enough to moisten

only when dry

60 mL weekl

y

Number of Seeds

Germinated

6, but 5

died

8, all survived

3, 1 died

• Answer B is correctcorrect. According to the data tables the 8 out of 8 seeds germinated in warm temperatures. 7 out of 8 seeds germinate in direct sun and all 8 seeds germinate when moistened when dry.

• Answer A is incorrect. According to the data tables, none of the plants grew at the coldest temperature and 5 plants died with lots of watering.

• Answer B is correctcorrect. According to the data tables the 8 out of 8 seeds germinated in warm temperatures. 7 out of 8 seeds germinate in direct sun and all 8 seeds germinate when moistened when dry.

• Answer A is incorrect. According to the data tables, none of the plants grew at the coldest temperature and 5 plants died with lots of watering.

The tables show the data The tables show the data students collected about plant students collected about plant growth. According to this growth. According to this information, what are the best information, what are the best conditions in which to conditions in which to germinate these plant seeds?germinate these plant seeds?

• Answer C is incorrect. According to the data tables only 4 of the 8 seeds germinated and only 3 of the 8 seeds germinated.

• Answer D is incorrect. Only 2 out of 8 seeds germinated in hot temperatures and only 1 seed survived the daily watering regime.

• Answer C is incorrect. According to the data tables only 4 of the 8 seeds germinated and only 3 of the 8 seeds germinated.

• Answer D is incorrect. Only 2 out of 8 seeds germinated in hot temperatures and only 1 seed survived the daily watering regime.

The tables show the data The tables show the data students collected about students collected about plant growth. According to plant growth. According to this information, what are this information, what are the best conditions in which the best conditions in which to germinate these plant to germinate these plant seeds?seeds?

A student conducted an experiment to test how well various nutrient media supported bacteria cultures. It was observed that one nutrient grew a large bacteria colony and kept it going. Which graph corresponds to the results for this medium?

Time

Number of Bacteria

Time

Number of Bacteria

Time

Number of Bacteria

Time

Number of Bacteria

A

B

C

D

Time

Number of Bacteria

C

• Answer A is incorrect. According to this graph, the medium number of bacteria remains the same over time.

• Answer B is incorrect. According to this graph, the number of bacteria rose and then fell over time.

• Answer A is incorrect. According to this graph, the medium number of bacteria remains the same over time.

• Answer B is incorrect. According to this graph, the number of bacteria rose and then fell over time.

A student conducted an experiment A student conducted an experiment to test how well various nutrient to test how well various nutrient media supported bacteria cultures. media supported bacteria cultures. It was observed that one nutrient It was observed that one nutrient grew a large bacteria colony and grew a large bacteria colony and kept it going. Which graph kept it going. Which graph corresponds to the results for this corresponds to the results for this medium?medium?

• Answer C is correctcorrect. According to this graph, the number of bacteria rose quickly to large numbers and remained high over time as requested in the problem, “grew a large bacteria colony and kept it going”.

• Answer D is incorrect. According to this graph, the number of bacteria started out high and then fell over time.

• Answer C is correctcorrect. According to this graph, the number of bacteria rose quickly to large numbers and remained high over time as requested in the problem, “grew a large bacteria colony and kept it going”.

• Answer D is incorrect. According to this graph, the number of bacteria started out high and then fell over time.

A student conducted an experiment A student conducted an experiment to test how well various nutrient to test how well various nutrient media supported bacteria cultures. It media supported bacteria cultures. It was observed that one nutrient grew was observed that one nutrient grew a large bacteria colony and kept it a large bacteria colony and kept it going. Which graph corresponds to going. Which graph corresponds to the results for this medium?the results for this medium?

Students collected data about the number of flies or larvae found on meat. By day 14, about how many more flies or larvae were observed on meat in the open container than on the mesh-covered one?

A. Two times as many

B. Three times as many

C. Four times as many

D. Five times as many

B. Three times as many

• Answer A is incorrect because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 2 x 8 would be 16, which is less than 25.

• Answer B is correct because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 8 x 3 = 24 which is about 25.

• Answer A is incorrect because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 2 x 8 would be 16, which is less than 25.

• Answer B is correct because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 8 x 3 = 24 which is about 25.

Students collected data about the Students collected data about the number of flies or larvae found on number of flies or larvae found on meat. By day 14, about how many meat. By day 14, about how many more flies or larvae were observed more flies or larvae were observed on meat in the open container than on meat in the open container than on the mesh-covered one?on the mesh-covered one?

• Answer C is incorrect because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 4 x 8 would be 32, which is more than 25.

• Answer D is incorrect because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 8 x 5 = 40 which is much more than 25.

• Answer C is incorrect because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 4 x 8 would be 32, which is more than 25.

• Answer D is incorrect because day 14 had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 8 x 5 = 40 which is much more than 25.

Students collected data about the Students collected data about the number of flies or larvae found on number of flies or larvae found on meat. By day 14, about how many meat. By day 14, about how many more flies or larvae were observed more flies or larvae were observed on meat in the open container than on meat in the open container than on the mesh-covered one?on the mesh-covered one?

What is the average elevations for houses 3, 4, and 5 to the nearest tenth of a meter?

81

Contour Interval = 3 m

111

.

9 6 3

96

• House 3 elevation = 93.0 m• House 4 elevation = 97.0 m• House 5 elevation = 99.0 m• 93 + 97 + 99 = 289• 289 / 3 = 96.3 m• Bubble 9 in the tens place• Bubble 6 in the ones place• Bubble 3 in the tenths place

• House 3 elevation = 93.0 m• House 4 elevation = 97.0 m• House 5 elevation = 99.0 m• 93 + 97 + 99 = 289• 289 / 3 = 96.3 m• Bubble 9 in the tens place• Bubble 6 in the ones place• Bubble 3 in the tenths place

What is the average elevations What is the average elevations for houses 3, 4, and 5 to the for houses 3, 4, and 5 to the nearest tenth of a meter?nearest tenth of a meter?

According to the Rock Cycle flow chart, what must first happen to any rock in order to make new sedimentary rock ?

A. Subduction and burial

B. Heat and pressure

C. Cooling and crystallizing

D. Erosion and transportation

D. Erosion and transportation

• Answer A is incorrect because subduction and burial lead to melting and magma.

• Answer B is incorrect because heat and pressure lead to the making of metamorphic rock.

• Answer A is incorrect because subduction and burial lead to melting and magma.

• Answer B is incorrect because heat and pressure lead to the making of metamorphic rock.

According to the Rock According to the Rock Cycle flow chart, what Cycle flow chart, what must first happen to any must first happen to any rock in order to make rock in order to make new sedimentary rock ?new sedimentary rock ?

• Answer C is incorrect because cooling and crystallizing lead to the formation of igneous rocks.

• Answer D is correctcorrect because erosion and sedimentation leads to soft sediments, mud and sand which can be cemented and compacted to form sedimentary rocks.

• Answer C is incorrect because cooling and crystallizing lead to the formation of igneous rocks.

• Answer D is correctcorrect because erosion and sedimentation leads to soft sediments, mud and sand which can be cemented and compacted to form sedimentary rocks.

According to the Rock According to the Rock Cycle flow chart, what Cycle flow chart, what must first happen to any must first happen to any rock in order to make rock in order to make new sedimentary rock ?new sedimentary rock ?