73 THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA Tayyib ':teheran

1870. He removed to Vercelli with his father (cl. 1836), who had been appointed rabbi there; and in 1838 he went to Turin to study under R Hillel Cantoni. He was successively elected rabbi of Nizza-Monferrato, Saluzzo, Asti, and Triest. His principal poems were published by Vittorio Casti­glione iu the" Yelirl Kinnor" (Drohobycz, 188G). He translated from the French " Les Prieres d'un Creur Israelite." Marco Tedeschi was celebrated as a preacher.

s. v. c. TEDESCHI, MOSES ISAAC : Italian trans­

lator, Biblical commentator, and teacher; born at Triest June 6, 1821 ; died there .June 17, 1898. He lectured on Bib-

tine technique; he was called the "Hannibal of oc­taves." In recog nition of his ability he was ap­pointed pianist t.o the Grand Duke of Oldenburg. He wrote brilliant salon music, comprising a piano­forte concerto, caprices de concerts, mazurkas, noc · turnes, rhapsodies, waltzes, and transcriptions. BIBL!Q(;RAPllY: Cbamplin, 011c. of Muiricandllfusi.cians; n-

h1"lrirle Z e'ittt1t(I, 1850, l. 346; Baker·, D ·ict. uf Mu1ric a11d Musicians. s. J. So.

TEFILLIN. See PHYLACTERIES.

TEHERAN: Capital and commercial center of Persia; situated about seventy miles south of the Caspian Sea. The chief development of the city

lieal exegesis in tlie Tamud To­rah of his native city, and occa­sionally deliy. creel sermons on holy days. He was the author of the following works: "Ho'il Mosheh," com­prising commcn­ta r i es on the Earlier Prophets (Goritr,, 1870), the Book of Job (Padua, 1877), the Psalms (Leg· horn, 1880), the Five Megillot and the Book of Proverbs (ib . 1880), the P enta­teuch (ib. 1881), the Minor Proph­ets (Tri est, 1887), the books of Danie l , Ezra, and Nehemiah, and Chroni­cles (Przemysl, 1889); "Musar

Interior of the Great Synairogue at Teheran.

took place with­in the last llalf of the nineteen th century, under Shah Nasir al­D in, w

0

h o se court physician. J. E. POLAK, was a Jew. The antiquity of Tc­h c ran is not great, since its existence ca n hardly be traced beyond the tweffth century_ It appears grad ­ually to have taken tl.Je place of the ancient Bai, which sank slowly into ob­livion and is now a mass of ruins in the suburbs of T eheran. Rai itself had a long history, being the ancient me­tropolis of Me­dia mentioned in the Apocrypha as Rages (Tobit

(From a pholof(raph by E. N. Adler.)

Melakim," a collection of ethical homilies based on the Pir~e A bot (Triest, 1878); "Zeker Rab," an Italian translat.ion of the didactical prose-poem of Mussafia (Padua, 1878); "0?-ar Nirdefe Leshon 'Ibri," on Hebrew synonyms (ib. 1879); "Simi.mt ha.Regel," homilies and glosses on the Targum to Proverbs. The author's autobiography is appended to the last-named work. He published also, in" Ha­Asif" (1886), an introduction to the Minor Prophets. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Zeitlln, Bib!. Post-Mendels. p. 394.

s. M. B. TEDESCO, IGNAZ AMADEUS: Austrian

pianist ; born at Prague 1817; died at Odessa Nov. 13. 1882; a pupil of Triebensee and Tomaschek at Prague. He made numerous successful concert tours, especially in southern Russia, aud settled at Odessa, although he lived for a short time at Ham·· burg (1848) and London (1856).

As a pianist Tedesco was distinguished for his

i. 14 et .~eq.) or Rugau (Judith i. 15), in the Avesta and Old P ersian inscriptions as Ragha or Raga (Vendidad, i. 15; Yasna, xix. 18; Bel.Jistun, ii. 70-74, iii . 1-10). and in the classics as Hhagm (Strabo, §§ 1, 3, 19, etc.). It is mentioned as an emporium of .Jewish trade by lbn Khordadhbeh, 817 (see JEW. ENCYC. iv. 189, s.v. CoMMEHCE).

Tch eran covers a considerable area, as the wall which surrounds it is eleven miles in circuit and is pierced by twelve gates. The Europeans reside in the northern section of t he city, where the fore ign legations arc located. The Jews live in a quarter of their own. In their daily life they are subject to much the same restrictions and disabilities as the Ga bars and the Armenians ; and they were formerly liable to acts of persecution which resulted in redu­cing them to a state of misery, ignorance, and degra­dation. A riot against them occurred in T ehcran as late as May 16, 1897. The Alliance I sraelite

Tehina Tefxeira THE · JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA 74

Universelle has accomplished a g reat deal toward removing this condition of affairs hy bettering the position of the Jews in the community and by estab­lishing schools for the ed ucation of the chiluren. The Alliance report for 1904 shows a combined at­tendance of nearly 400 pupils at the two schools, estab!islwd six years previously for boys and for girls. The occupations of the J ews in Tcheran, as else where in Persia, are largely those of trarlers, sil versmiths, wine-merchants, and petty dealers. T eheran has a total population of 250,000, including about 5,000 J ews.

BmLIOGRAPHY: Curzon, PM"Ria and the P ersian Que.•Unn, i. 300 -3"3, London, 1892 ; Benjamin, Pe1·sia and tlte Persian.<, Boston, 188(; : Basset, Land oj the Imams, New York, 188i; Wilson, Pers1:an L'if e anrr CnstnmH, New York, 1895: Brugsr.h, Jin Lande cler Sonne. Berlin, 1886; Univers I sraf>Ule, Aug. 12, 1904; Bulletin de !'All'iance Israelite, 1897, p. 76.

J. A. V. W. J . TEJ:IINA, ABBA (called also Te~ina ben

Perisha ["the Pharisee"] or J:lasida ["the pious one"]): A leader of the Zealots. Together with ELEAZAR BEN DIN AI, he is mentioned in the remark ­able dictum of J ohanan ben Zakkai cqncernin g th e Zealots: "Since

who asked him to have pity on him and bring him in to the town, where his wants might receive the nec­essary atte ntion. This placed Tel.iina in a quandary: he was afrniu if he left his bundle he mi ght lose all his Sab:.iath provisions; aud if he did not aiu the sick man, he (Tcl.iina) would he uccounteti as gui lty of death. His !Jetter impulses proving victorious, he carried the sick man to a safe pl~ce, and then wcut back for his bundle. Meanwhi le it had grown dark; am! the people, seeing him carry a bundle on Sabbath eve, wondered, saying, 'Is this Ab!Ja T el.iina the Pious?' T elJina himself was in doubt as to whether he Imel really violated the Sabbath, when ~a miracle happened: God caused the St.Ill again to shine forth to show that the Snbbath had not yet begun , as it is wri tten (Mal. iii. 20 [A. V. iv. 2]): ' But unto you that fear my name slml I the sun of righteousness arise with healin g in his wings. ' " Later the punctiliou~ Essene became a fi erce Zealot (see ZEALOTS).

Eleazar ben Dinai is mentioned by Josephus sev­eral times, while Tel.1ina is not. He has been identified with the A lexander mentioned together with Eleazar b. Diuai by that author (Josephus,

the murderers have increased, the expiation ceremony of the 'eglah 'arufah [the h e if er whose neck is broken f o r a murder the pcr­p et rat or of which is un­known ; Dent. xxi. 1-9] has come into abey­ance because of the many mur­ders by these only too well ­known Zealots. Such murderers are Eleazar ben Dinai and T e­I.iina, who 'vas formerly call ed ' the Pharisee '

Synagogue of Asher tbe Physicia n at Telleran.

"B. J." ii. 12, § 4; see ELEAZAR IlENDIKAI); but Alexander ap­pears to be iden­tical with Am­ra m, cited as companion of Ren Din a i in "Ant." xx. 1, \'; 1 (comp. Cant. H. iii. 5: "In the <lays of Amram [ ?] and in the d ays of Ben Dinai they at­tempted to !Jring about the Mes­sinui c time by violence"; see Gratz, "Gosch." 3d ed., iii. 4i:l l ), whereas it is quite possible that T el.1ina is (From a photograph by E. N, Adler,)

and later on received the name of 'the Murd erer'" (Sotah ix . 9; Sifre, Deut. 205).

This T el}ina bas apt ly been identified by D cren­bourg (" Essai sur l'Histoire et la Geographic de la Palestine d'Apres Jes Thalmncls et !es Autres Sources Rabbiniqu es," i. 279-280, P aris, 1867) with the Abba T ehina Hasida of .Eccl. R ix. 7. Dercn­bourg, howe.vcr, takes the epithet "I:Iasid " to be ironical; but be ignores the very nature of the pas­sage to which he refers and which is as follows: "Tcl)ina the E ssene [I.Jasid] with the ti tle Abba [see Kohler, "Abba, Father," in "J. Q. n." xiii. 567-575] , returning to his native town on Friday afternoon shortly before the beginning of the Sab­bath, and carrying upon his shoulder a bundle con­taining the provisions for his household for the Sabbath, met a disease-stricken man unable to move,

id ent i ca l with 'Avvtf3a~ who was executed by order of Farlus (.Josephus, "Ant." l.c.; Gratz, l.c. p. 278). K.

TEJ:IINNAH. Sec DEVOTIONAL LrTEllATUim.

TEITELBAUM, MOSES: Austrian I:Iasid; died July 17, 1841. Accorcling to Low, he signed his name Tamar, this being the equivalent of Teitelbaum, which is the Yiddish for Dattel­baum ="palm-tree." He oftlciatecl as rab!Ji , first in Przernysl, and late r in Satoralja-Ujhely, to which latter place he was called in 1809. In Uj hely he founded a I:Iasicli c congregation which was independent of the Galician leaders. Ju 1822 Teitelbaum was suspected of having supplied amulets to certain J ew ish cul prits who had been cast into prison for libel , in order to assist tllem in escaping. 'Vhcn called upon to vindicate