HEATHER L . FISHEREDUC 7100

DR. HENRY PRATTNOVEMBER 2009

Technology Timeline Project:

Toffler’s Waves & Beyond

Toffler’s Waves…Extended?Agricultural Age – 1st Wave:

Wave Begins - 8000 BCWave Completed - 1750 AD

Industrial Age – 2nd Wave:Wave Begins – 1750 ADWave Completed – 1950 AD

Information Age – 3rd Wave:Wave Begins – 1950 ADWave Incomplete – not all members of society have

equal accessCommunication Age – 4th Wave

Wave Begins - ~2000 ADWave is ongoing…

Agricultural Age – 1st WavePeople dependent on land for food and

livelihood

Extended families live together to meet needs

Communication limited – in person communication, Pony Express, etc.

During this age travel is by foot, horseback, or horse and carriage

Industrial Age – 2nd WavePeople begin to work outside the home –

factory work, town stores, etc.Families begin to separate – no longer need

as many people to provide livingGrowth of industry – factories, warehouses,

etc.Automobiles, planes, and trains are

available for transportation Communication becomes easier – phones,

mail service extended, telegraph, etc.

Information Age – 3rd AgeSingle family homes are the norm

Both parents working outside the norm

Technology more common in workplace – computers, fax machines, cellular phones, etc.

Children enjoy electronic amusements – video games, Internet, RC toys, etc.

Communication Age – 4th WavePortable learning and communication via

cell phones, Ipods, and laptops

Wireless communications is prevalent

Online classes and Virtual classrooms available

Texting, instant messaging, and e-mail are avenues of communication

Key Technology: 1900-1909

1901 – Marconi makes transatlantic telephone call

1903 – First moving picture released – “The Great Train Robbery”

1903 – Wright brothers take first flight 1905 – Einstein’s Theory of Relativity “e=mc2 “ 1908 – Ford releases Model T automobile 1908 – Vail creates first telephone headset 1910 – Forerunner of IBM formed from merger

of three companies – Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR Co.)

Work and Business: 1900-19091901 – Congress votes on adoption of metric

system as standard for weights & measures1903 – Ford Motor company founded1907 – “Panic of 1907” financial crisis1908 – Vail standardizes telephone headsets

Education: 1900-1909 Average teacher salary $325 annually 1901- 1st educational films 1904 – Dewey – students learn best from

world around them 1907 – Montessori method of individual

needs Behaviorism begins to take hold

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1900-1909 1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt 1901 – Freud publishes The

Interpretation of Dreams 1904 – Panama Canal begun 1906 – Sinclair publishes The Jungle 1906 – Food and Drug Act, Meat

Inspection Act passed to protect consumers

1909 – NAACP founded 1909 – President Taft

MEDICINE: 1900-1909 1901 – ABO blood groups discovered 1906 – Hopkins proposes existence of

vitamins 1907 – 1st skin test for TB 1908 – 1st successful blood transfusion using

ABO typing system

Key Technology: 1910-1919

1912 – hand-cranked movie camera replaced by motorized camera

1914 – Ford’s automatic conveyor belt able to produce a car every 93 minutes

1915 – First transatlantic telephone call 1917 – Sonar invented 1919 – Radio first broadcast

Work and Business: 1910-19191913 – Automobile assembly line

revolutionizes factory production1914 – Ford standardizes pay scale and

increases minimum wage in his factory1919 – 1st transatlantic flight makes distance

travel feasible1920 – Hanes Knitting Company expands

product lineDuring WWI, women leave the home and

enter the workforce in new areas

Education: 1910-1919 1909 – Junior High Schools begin in California 1911 – The Edison Company begins series of educational

films 1912 – Burk develops individualized approach – lessons

allow students to learn at own rate 1913 – Watson’s Behaviorist Manifesto 1914 – Educational Motion Picture Bureau, Inc. produce

1st syllabi with films 1916 – Dewey’s Democracy & Education 1917 – Thorndike Arithmetics published 1918 – 1st official teacher education course at Univ. of

Minnesota 1919 – Visual instruction movement begins

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1910-1919 Travel becoming popular – by boat,

train, car 1910 – Boy Scouts of America

established 1912 – President Wilson 1912 – Titanic sinks 1913 – Federal Income Tax 1914 – World War I begins

Women take more active role outside home 1918-1919 – Spanish Influenza

pandemic globally

MEDICINE: 1910-1919 1910 – Iodine first used as antiseptic 1911 – Mechanism of human heart beat

documented 1913 – White pioneers use of ECG 1918-1919 – Spanish Influenza pandemic

Key Technology: 1920-1929

1921 – Einstein wins Nobel Prize for theories on photoelectric effect

1923 – 1st movies with sound – “Talkies” 1923 – Television created 1924 – CTR Co. officially becomes IBM

Corporation, having outgrown its roots 1927 – 1st commercial radio network formed

with 16 stations – United Independent Broadcasters

1929 – Bell Telephone Laboratories gives first public demonstration of color TV broadcast

Work and Business: 1920-19291923 – Frozen foods available, more food

available to masses in and out of season1929 – Paper currency standardized, making

detection of counterfeit bills easier1929 – Stock market crash ends “Roaring

Twenties” air of progress and success, harbinger of Great Depression

Women stayed in the workforce after WWI over

Mass production of automobiles allows for commuting, better transport of goods, and travel for leisure

Education: 1920-1929 This decade saw 3 stages of the Visual

Instruction Movement – school museums, slide libraries, and educational film libraries

The Motion Picture Project of the American Council on Education led to a series of films out of Yale University and led to many instructional techniques

1925 – Supreme Court rules that students may attend private schools instead of public schools

1925 – Scopes Monkey Trial debates teaching of evolution

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1920-1929 The Roaring 20s are a prosperous, free-

spirited time with a fast pace 1920 – US women granted right to vote 1921 – President Harding, Teapot Dome

scandal 1923 – President Coolidge 1929 – President Hoover

MEDICINE: 1920-1929 1921 – The Band-Aid invented 1921 – Determined that Vitamin D deficiency

causes ricketts 1922 – Insulin first used to treat diabetes 1928 – Fleming discovers penicillin

Key Technology: 1930-1939

1931 – DuPont Chemical Corporation explores artificial materials – inventing nylon and neoprene

1932 – Polaroid camera created 1932 – Public Television Broadcasting begins 1933 – E. H. Armstrong invents Frequency

Modulation (FM) for radio broadcasting 1935 – Radar invented 1935 – Electronic typewriter invented 1937 – C. F. Carlson invents photocopier 1939 – Atomic energy discovered

Work and Business: 1930-1939The Great Depression strikes America – large

portions of the population out of work1932 – 1 in 4 workers unemployedDrought in mid-west leads to Dust Bowl1939 – manufacturing increases, easing

depression1935 – Social Security Act, Wagner Act1938 – Wages and Hours Act passedMechanical accounting machinery,

calculators, and cash registers allows for more efficient business

Education: 1930-1939 1931 – “Dick and Jane” readers first published 1932 – Public Television Broadcasting begins 1932 – Department of Visual Instruction proposes

teacher training in visual education be required 1933 – Many schools close because of Depression 1934 – FCC created – radio becomes briefly

important in education 1935 – Film and Radio Guides – fosters

cooperation between schools and theatrical motion pictures

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1930-1939 The Great Depression and Dust Bowl cause

unemployment and hunger Social Security Act, Wagner Act, public works

projects designed to help citizens with difficulties 1932 – Amelia Earhart 1st woman to fly solo

across Atlantic Ocean 1933 – President Franklin Roosevelt, New Deal 1934 – Jesse Owens wins gold at Berlin Olympics 1936 – Orson Wells broadcasts War of the

Worlds 1937 – Hindenburg disaster 1937 – Earhart disappears 1939 – World War II begins in Europe

MEDICINE: 1930-1939 1935 – Cortisone used to treat rheumatoid

arthritis for 1st time 1935 – 1st vaccine – for yellow fever –

developed 1935 – 1st sulfa drug discovered 1937 – 1st blood bank – in Chicago 1937 – 1st heart-lung machine

Key Technology: 1940-1949

1940 – Color television 1942 –Fermi’s team creates atomic power 1943 – Cousteau & Gagnon create

aqualung 1944 – Harvard MARK I computer, weighs

~5 tons 1945 – ENIAC computer completed 1946 – Microwave oven invented 1947 – First mobile phone invented

Work and Business: 1940-1949WWII causes increase in manufacturing jobs

and return of women to workforceFinancial strategists research economic/trade

solutions beginning in early 40sThe World Bank, International Monetary Fund,

General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade are the result by

1948 – Curta portable mechanical calculator

Education: 1940-1949 1941 – 1st office of Education Training Films

developed for military Use of films in training extensive

1944 – GI Bill signed by FDR 1946 – Mendez vs Westminster & California

Board of Education – ruled unlawful to education Mexican children separately – sets precedent for Brown vs Board of Education

1947 – Institute of Communication Research at University of Illinois

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1940-1949 1941 – Pearl Harbor attacked by

Japanese – US enters World War II 1945 – President Truman 1945 - Manhattan Project develops

atomic bombBombs dropped on Japanese cities of

Hiroshima & Nagasaki to force Japanese surrender

1946 – Winston Churchill coins term “Iron Curtain” in a speech

1947 – Jackie Robinson integrates baseball

1949 – NATO established

MEDICINE: 1940-1949 1940 – 1st synthetic penicillin produced 1942 – Dussik publishes 1st paper on

ultrasound 1943 – Antibiotic streptomycin discovered 1945 – 1st vaccine for influenza 1949 – 1st intraocular lens implanted

Key Technology: 1950-1959

1950 – 1st credit card available 1951 – UNIVAC computer 1952 – 1st hydrogen bomb 1953 – IBM introduces the 701, the first IBM

computer 1954 – 1st photovoltaic cells 1956 – First computer hard disk used 1957 – 1st nuclear power plant reaches full

design power 1957 – Sputnik I launched 1958 – 1st integrated processor, or microchip

Work and Business: 1950-19591951 – UNIVAC computer able to process

large amounts of data1954 – 1st programmable industrial robot1958 – Microchip begins era of

miniaturization of machinery needed for business

1959 – Concept of Gross National Product introduced

Education: 1950-1959 1950 – Piaget models of cognitive

development in children 1953 – Skinner publishes Science and

Human Behavior 1954 – Supreme Court rules on Brown vs

Board of Education - beginning of equality in schools

1957 – 1st teaching machines introduced

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1950-1959 Television increasingly popular Tension building between US and USSR

Cold War – no physical altercations, only the threat

1950 – Korean War begins 1951 – Truman signs peace treaty with Japan 1953 – President Eisenhower 1955 – Disneyland opens 1955 – Rosa Parks – begins Civil Rights

Movement 1957 – Launch of Sputnik I sparks “Space

Race” with Soviet Union

MEDICINE: 1950-1959 1950 – 1st cardiac pacemaker 1953 – Structure of DNA discovered 1953 – Gibbon performs 1st open heart

surgery 1954 – 1st kidney transplant 1955 – Salk develops polio vaccine 1955 – 1st contraceptive pill

Key Technology: 1960-1969

1960 – Laser invented 1960 – 1st weather satellite 1962 – 1st computer game 1964 – BASIC language invented 1965 – Optical disk patented 1965 – Texas Instruments creates 1st

portable calculator 1966 – RCA mobile radio 1966 – Fiber optics created

Work and Business: 1960-19691960 – OPEC formed – controls fuel pricesDiscount chain stores first open – increases

competition with local stores1962 – Telstar communications satellite

launchedAmount of technology available for business

rapidly increasesAffirmative action influences who gets jobs

Education: 1960-1969 1960 – 1st African American attends

elementary school in New Orleans 1963 – Supreme Court rules to remove

Bible reading and prayer from schools 1963 – Keller’s personalized system of

instruction 1964 – ERIC created as clearinghouse for

educational information 1969 – Portable calculator eases

mathematic calculations

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1960-1969 1961 – President Kennedy – Bay of Pigs 1961 – Peace Corps founded 1961 – Soviets launch 1st man into space 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 – Affirmative Action begins 1963 – JFK assassination, President Johnson 1963 – MLK “I Have a Dream” speech 1965 – US troops to Vietnam 1966 – FDIC formed 1969 – President Nixon 1969 – Apollo 12 lands on moon

MEDICINE: 1960-1969 1962 – Congress creates Medicare &

Medicaid programs 1963 - Fogarty invents balloon embolectomy

catheter 1964 – 1st vaccine for measles 1965 – Warning label first required on

cigarette packaging 1965 – 1st portable defibrillator 1967 – 1st vaccine for mumps 1967 – 1st human heart transplant

Key Technology: 1970-1979

1970 –1st floppy disk 1971 – 1st VCR 1972 – 1st e-mail 1973 – Cell phones available 1975 – Bill Gates forms Microsoft 1977 – 1st home computers 1978 – Word processor available 1979 – 1st Walkman available

Work and Business: 1970-1979Computers make workers more efficient, leading to loss

of jobs1971 – Floppy disk changes data storage capability1972 – E-mail revolutionizes communications1973 – Cellular phones increase communication capacity1973 – OPEC embargo leads to energy crisis

Research in alternate energy sources creates new jobs1975 – Microsoft founded – software would change

document handling in businesses – fewer secretaries needed

Social changes affect the roles of women in the workplace

Education: 1970-1979 1971 – PLATO and TICCIT projects of

Computer-Assisted Instruction begun 1973 – Rehabilitation Act establishes

“504 Plans” to provide accommodations to students with non-special education disabilities

1977 – Availability of home computers begins to effect education

Late 70s sees emergence of Cognitive theories of learning as an active process involving the brain

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1970-1979 1970 – 1st Earth Day celebration 1971 – Greenpeace formed 1972 – Watergate scandal begins 1973 – Roe vs Wade – abortion legal in US 1973 – OPEC embargo – Energy Crisis begins 1974 – Nixon resigns – President Ford 1975 – Vietnam War ends 1977 – President Carter 1979 – Three Mile Island nuclear reactor

accident raises controversy over nuclear power plants

MEDICINE: 1970-1979 1973 – 1st genetic engineering experiments

undertaken 1974 – 1st vaccine for chicken pox 1978 – MRI scanner invented 1978 – 1st test-tube baby born 1978 – 1st vaccine for meningitis

Key Technology: 1980-1989

1980 – Nintendo Entertainment System 1981 – 1st IBM personal computer

available 1981 – MS-DOS system 1983 – “Star Wars” defense system

proposed 1984 – Apple Macintosh invented 1985 – Windows operating system

released 1985 – CD-ROM first available

Work and Business: 1980-1989The era of “Reaganomics” and the YuppieA decade of corporations – hostile takeovers, big

mergers, big buyouts, and the billionaire1980 – Savings and Loan failure1982 – Record unemployment

The 80s saw an increased interest in energy-savings and energy efficiency – creating jobs in this area

Political changes in Europe lead to increased international business

The computer age is in full swing – first appearance of telecommuting

Education: 1980-1989 1980 – Microcomputer use reaches

schools – mostly drill and practice, but also some CAI

1982 – Board of Education vs Pico – Supreme Court rules that books may not be removed from libraries by administrators because of content

1986 – Challenger space shuttle explodes – Christa McAuliffe was to have been 1st teacher in space – children across the country are watching the launch

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1980-1989 1981 – President Reagan - Reaganomics 1981 – 1st woman on US Supreme Court “Cold War” with Soviet Union gives fear

of nuclear holocaust to many 1984 – Live Aid concerts raise

awareness of famine in Africa 1989 – President George H. Bush,

Michael Gorbachev, glasnost 1989 – Exxon Valdez oil spill

MEDICINE: 1980-1989 1980 – Smallpox eradicated 1981 – 1st vaccine for hepatitis B 1982 – 1st artificial heart implanted 1983 – HIV virus identified 1984 – Technique for genetic fingerprinting

developed 1985 – Artificial kidney dialysis machine

invented 1987 – DNA evidence used for first time to

convict a criminal

Key Technology: 1990-1999

1990 – World Wide Web and Internet protocol created by Berners-Lee

1993 – Pentium processor released 1993 – 1st GPS satellite 1997 – “Dolly “cloned This decade gave us firewall protection

from viruses, spyware, and other hacker-created dangers online

Work and Business: 1990-19991990 – Unemployment at record low

Jobs shifting from blue collar to more white collarBiotechnology and computer industry create many new jobs

1990 – Clean Air Act has impact on industry1992 – World Wide Web changes communications1993 – NavStar satellite system launched – increased

travel easier with GPS1994 – NAFTA causes changes for business Computers getting smaller and faster – business is more

portable and efficientComputer literacy an important skill for first timeMobil phones become the norm, not the exception

Education: 1990-1999 1990 – IDEA law updated – provides for

accommodations for special education students

1991 – Minnesota passes 1st charter school law

Computer literacy becomes important for first time Computers are much more common in

homes and schools, as well as business World Wide Web offers communication and

research opportunities previously not possible

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1990-1999 1990 – Iraq attacks Kuwait - Gulf War

begins 1991 – Magic Johnson announces he is

HIV+ 1992 – Cold War ends 1993 – World Trade Center in NYC

bombed 1993 – President Clinton 1993 – Nelson Mandela freed in South

Africa 1997 – Princess Diana dies 1998 – Monica Lewinsky scandal,

President Clinton impeached

MEDICINE: 1990-1999 1992 – 1st vaccine for hepatitis A 1995 – Dolly the sheep is first cloned animal 1996 – Mad Cow Disease causes scare over

tainted beef 1998 – Controversial stem cell research

begins

Key Technology: 2000-2009

2001 – Apple releases the I-Pod 2002 – BlackBerry released 2003 – US joins negotiations for

construction and operations of an international fusion project

2005 – YouTube created 2005 – Interactive Whiteboards available 2007 – Apple releases IPhone This decade has seen a vast increase in

wireless technology

Work and Business: 2000-2009Increased wireless capabilities lead to big changes – travel,

telecommuting, communicationsText and email are preferred by many to phone or mail

Increased focus on environmentally friendly practices – going green is applaudedCompanies specializing in green technology growing

2008 – Banks failWorldCom Chapter 11 protection is largest such filing in US

history2009 – US in economic recession, unemployment

skyrockets2008 – American Recovery & Reinvestment Act presents

biomass technology opportunities – potential new job area

Education: 2000-2009 2001 – No Child Left Behind Act passes 2004 – IDEA law reauthorized and

modified 2004 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills

created to build collaborative relationships between education and business

2005 – Interactive Whiteboard technology available

2007 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills releases teacher resource, Route 21

SOCIETY & CULTURE: 2000-2009 2001 – President George W. Bush 2001 – 9-11 terrorist attacks – lead to passing of

Patriot Act and formation of Department of Homeland Security

2002 – War in Afghanistan against Taliban 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia explodes on re-entry

from damaged heat shield 2003 – War in Iraq, Saddam Hussein overthrown,

captured, tried, & executed 2008 – Barack Obama becomes first African

American US President 2009 – Sotomayor becomes first Latina on US

Supreme Court 2009 – Michael Jackson dies, doctor charged

MEDICINE: 2000-2009 2002 – SARS reported in China and scare

spreads globally 2006 – 1st vaccine for human papillomavirus

(HPV) 2008-2009 – H1N1 influenza virus becomes

pandemic