technologies for water and waste treatment – stephen · pdf file06.11.2017 ·...

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO

Waste Management Technologies: Food & Waste-to-Energy

Army Reserve Mission Resilience & Sustainability Training ASU6 Nov 2017

Presenter:Stephen CosperUSACE-ERDC-CERL

Innovative solutions for a safer, better worldBUILDING STRONG®

Why Try to Reduce Waste?

DoDI 4715.23, Integrated Recycling and Solid Waste Management, 24-Oct-2016► Each installation (>1ton/day)

must have plan

► Delineates “QRP eligible” materials

► Reporting requirements (similar to SWAR)

► QRP operations and requirements

► Army-specific policy “coming soon”

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Federal & DoD waste mandates:

40 CFR 246-200: Mandatory separation & recycling of:‒ high-grade paper at offices of more

than 100 workers‒ Cardboard at locations generating

more than 10 tons per month

DoD Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan:‒ 50% diversion of non-hazardous solid

waste by FY2015‒ 60% diversion of C&D waste by FY2015

Drivers


Waste Characterization Studies Develop waste generation trends

► Understand the operation of buildings at the installation

Quantify and characterize waste► Generated in the representative buildings

► Waste categories

Create estimates► Waste generation and distribution

► Using data obtained and installation building inventory

Find alternatives for waste diversion► Base decisions on data

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Waste Characterization Data

Building Types (13) Dining Halls Instruction Buildings Office Space Retail

► PX► Commissary

Information Systems Gyms Barracks Equipment Maintenance Warehouses Child Care Clinics Chapels Hotels

Waste Types (19)

Food

Corrugated Cardboard

Contaminated Paper

Steel

Aluminum

Glass

Paperboard

White paper

Mixed paper

Newspaper

1-7 Plastics

Yard Trimmings

Non-recyclables

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Examples of Waste Types Found

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Waste Types Found - % Distribution

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Waste % at “typical” installation

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Food Waste Technologies

Non-Technical

Building Scale

DFAC

Installation Scale

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Food Waste – Non-Technical

Changing Army policies regarding amount of food prepared. Better prediction of meals to be served

Re-design DFACs

No trays

Memo, “Army Food Donation Procedures,” 31-Jul-2014. Explicitly allows and encourages donation to non-profit groups

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AP photo, 27 Aug 2008


Food Waste – Building Scale

Talking about office

buildings, barracks,

etc.

Sink garbage

disposals

Enclosed composters

► An individual must

champion

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Food Waste – DFAC - Scale

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(per USEPA)


Food and Organic Waste

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• DFACs are the largest waste producer on-post• Estimated annual generation rate of nearly 8,500 tons of waste

• 79% can be composted• Overall Food Waste represents 62% of all the waste produced


Food Waste – DFAC - Scale

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(per USEPA)

Pre-Consumer“Kitchen Waste”

•Due tooverproduction•Spoilage•Expiration• trim waste, etc. Post-Consumer

“Plate Waste”•Due to behaviors•portion sizes•Self-service•Allotted time to eat


Fort Jackson Lean Path Study- Weight of waste tracked: 7.9

tons

- Value wasted food $20,500

- Top reasons:- (1) overproduction (by far)

- (2) trim waste

- (3) calorie restriction

- (4) expired

- (5) field waste

- Weight of food items donated(over 1 ½ months): 4,182 lbs

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Food Waste – DFAC - Pulper

Pro

► A pre-process before trash, compost, or AD

► Reduces volume and weight of food waste by grinding and spin drying

Con

► No attempt at recovery; no diversion

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Food Waste – DFAC - Disposal

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• Pros• Easy to use• Significant solid waste

reduction• Cons

• Some energy and water usage• No attempt at beneficial use• Must coordinate with WWTP


Food Waste – DFAC - Dehydrator

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Food Waste – DFAC - Dehydrator

PROS CONS

Dries food waste into a soil-like material

Water down the drain

Reduces weight

Potentially use output as a soil amendment

Less work for kitchen staff

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High salt content limits land application. Must be composted.

Takes up space in the kitchen

HVAC and electric requirement


Food Waste – DFAC – “Digester”

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Food Waste – DFAC – Containerized

Composter (at JBMHH)

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Food Waste – Installation –

Containerized Composting (at Fort Bragg)

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Food Waste – Installation – Windrow

Compost

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Food Waste – Installation – AD

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Food Waste – Installation – AD

Anaerobic Digester Capstone MicroTurbine

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Waste to Energy Technologies

Scale

► Commercial – 100s to 1000s tons/day

► Installation – 10s tons/day

► Deployable – 1 to 10 ton/day

Emerging Technologies

Potential utility requirements

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Basic WTE Approaches

• Hot water• Electricity via Rankine

or Stirling cycle engine

• Electricity via IC

engine• Heat

• Heat• “Crude oil” to liquid

fuels

Pyro-Oil

Source: ARL WTE Report, 2014


WTE - Commercial

Major capital

investment

Serves large metro

area

Mass burn waste

heat steam

turbines electricity

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WTE Installation

Fort Detrick

► Waste to Heat

► MSW and medical

waste incinerators

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WTE Installation

APG

► 360 ton/day from APG and host county

► Steam sold to APG-EA

► County plans to close

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WTE Installation

Redstone Arsenal

► 690 ton/day, from city and Redstone

► Steam to Redstone for heating and cooling

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WTE - Installation Fort Hunter-Liggett

►“Fast-Ox” gasification from Sierra Energy

►20 ton/day, 0.25 acre

►Extremely hot, injects steam and oxygen

►Inorganics melted; organics to syngashttp://www.sierraenergy.com/projects/fort-hunter-liggett/

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Feasibility Study: Co-digestion of Food Waste

Project Location: Fort Huachuca, AZ

Project Objectives:

► Assess and evaluate feasibility of anaerobically digested biosolids + food waste in wastewater treatment facilities

• Reduce the amount of organic materials going to landfills

• Produce energy

• Reduce emissions

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Bottom Line Findings (Biogas to CHP)


WTE Deployable / Emerging Tech.

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…attempting to solve this problem:


Solid Waste Solutions – Future

Gasification

► Syngas to power diesel genset

Pyrolysis of organics, plastics

► Pyro oils like crude

For deployable WTE options, we want the end product to be electricity via standard gensets.

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Eco Waste incinerator

www.ecosolutions.com

Source: ARL WTE Report, 2014


36HTL at Fort Detrick


SAIC Transportable Gasification System


Micro Auto Gasification System

(MAGS)

http://www.terragon.net/mags.php


Contingency Operations: Waste to Energy

Rotary Kiln Gasification

► For mixed waste

► Minimal or no feedstock preparation

► Deployable size

► One to two tons/day; positive net electric production

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CERL “Waste” Team:

• [email protected], 217-373-6757






• CPT [email protected], 217-373-4458


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mailto:[email protected]









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technologies for water and waste treatment – stephen · pdf file06.11.2017 ·...

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