AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF USA GYMNASTICS

Inside

June 1996 Vol. 16, #6

Anxiety In Elite Young Gymnasts: Part II -Sources Of Stress

USA Gymnastics Online Gears Up For Atlanta

Foreign Subscriptions And General Membership Fees

Conditioning Program Body Positioning Exercises

Psychology And Safety In Gymnastics

National Membership Representatives To The USA Gymnastics Board Of Directors

Should Gymnastics Be Excluded From K-12 Physical Education Curriculum?

Tasks, Refinements, And Applications

Membership and Safety Certification/Recertification Clarifications

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Contents Sport Psychology Anxiety In Elite Young Gymnasts: Part 1/ - Sources Of Stress

Telecommunications USA Gymnastics Online Gears Up For Atlanta

Announcements National Women 's Committee Chairman Elections Corrections Men 's Scholarship Program The Silent News

USA Gymnastics Junior Team Program Conditioning Program Body Positioning Exercices

Safety/Sport Psychology Psychology And Safety In Gymnastics

USA Gymnastics Board Of Directors National Membership Representatives To The USA GymnastiCS Boord Of Oirectors

PreschoolfDevelopmental Gymnastics Should Gymnastics Be Exdused From K-12 PhYSical Education Curriculum?

PreschoolfDevelopment Tasks, Refinementsc And Applications

Membership Membership And Safety Certification/Recertification Clarifications Changes To Professional Membership Fees & Benefits

Boy's J.O. Program Clarifications: 1997-2000 Age Group Program

Kinder Accreditation for Teachers Levell KAT Observation Form Levell KAT Workshops-Current Schedule KA T Registration Form

General Gymnastics Every Parent Tells A Different Story 1996 National Gym Fest

General Gymnastics Minutes General Gymnastics Advisory Panel

Men's Minutes Men 's Program Committee

Women's Minutes Junior Olympic Progrom Committee National Elite Program Committee Women 's 1997 Elite Qualification Procedures

4

8

10 10 10 10

12

17

19

23

24

26 32

28

29 30 30

34 37

39

39

42 43 45

Psychology and Gymnastics

I

" A 4

Sport Psychology

ANXIETY IN ELITE YOUNG GYMNASTS: PART II - SOURCES OF STRESS

Joan L. Duda, Ph.D. Lori Gano-Overway, M.S. Purdue University

P art I of this series (Technique, March 1996) revealed that young, talented gymnasts define stress as a negative response manifested in their bodies, thoughts, feelings, as well as in terms of the situation in which they find

themselves. These personal definitions of anxiety clearly indicated that stress diminishes the quality ...... of their gymnastics experience. -4IIIl.

As the stress response is a result of a perceptual process, we need to know what gymnasts perceive to be causing them to feel anxious if we hope to decrease the frequency and intensity of stress in gymnas­tics (and foster the occurrence of relaxation states). Sport psy­chology research on the antecedents of stress have revealed the following sources:

1. low perceived mental and physical readi-ness

2. high levels of fatigue

3. others' high expectations ! 4. fear of failure and/ or making a mistake 5. the perceived importance of the competi-

tion 6. an overemphasis on outcome 7. fear of negative evaluation 8. forced participation in the activity at hand

(Cohn, 1990; Gould, Petlichkoff, and Weinberg, , 1984; Jones, Swain, and Cale, 1990; Passer, 1983; • Scanlan and Lewthwaite, 1984).

The studies to date, however, have focused prima­rily on older and often male athletes. With respect to the former, sometimes coaches and parents errone­ously believe that younger sport participants do not find the athletic realm stressful. It is the purpose of this ar ticle to examine what young, elite female gymnasts perceive to be the determinants of their heightened anxiety.

Method Seventy-five female members of the 1993-1994 TOPs National

Team between the ages of9 and 12 (mean age was 9.98 years) were administered a multi-section questionnaire by Dr. Joan Duda at a National Camp. The gymnasts were encouraged to answer hon­estly and in their own words. They were assured that their re­sponses would be kept confidential and that only the group-based

findings would be reported. The inventory comprised a number of questions dealing with stress. Specific to the perceived sources of stress, the gymnasts were asked to answer the following questions: " In your gymnastics, what do you find most stressful? What makes you feel really nervous?"

Responses were reviewed by the two researchers and placed into thematic categories to deter-

/:

mine the perceived causes of stress for the gymnasts as a group. The frequency

of responses classified in each category was then calculated.

~ Results As shown in Table 1 (page 6), several

sources of stress were revealed by the gymnasts and were categorized into eight broad the­

matic areas:

1. performance of skills

2. fear of evaluation

3. aspects of competition

4. fear of making mistake~

5. expectations from self and others

6. time pressures

7. environmental conditions 1.8%

8. fear of injury 2.9 %

Examples of typical responses which were classified in each of these categories are provided.

Discussion Since being anxious is a conse­

quence of one's perceptions, iden-tification of an athlete's personal

determinants of anxiety is the first step to help­ing her effectively deal with stress. With respect to the present sample of young TOPs gymnasts, it is important to note that this age and level of competitor had no trouble indicating what mad, her nervous in gymnastics . The major sources of stress among members of our TOPs National Team were performing the neces­sary skills, fear of evaluation, and the experience of competition. Drawing from these findings, coaches would be wise to employ strategies which enhance young gymnasts' self confidence in regard to skill execution. Particularly while the gymnast is learn-

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Sport Psychology

ing a trick or attempting to polish a routine, steps should be taken to reduce unnecessary evaluation of her performance (by coaches, parents, and other gymnasts). To counter the anxiety associated with meets, simulated competitions should be incorporated into training. Further, imagery can be used to help gymnasts become more familiar with the demands of a particular competitive situa­tion.

Athletes also vary in how they manifest stress. To date in this research on members of our TOPs National Team, we have seen that young, eli te gymnasts could define and distinguish stress and relaxation and readily provide information concerning what causes the fonner. Developing effective interventions to counter anxiety entails that we also know how this age group experiences stress. An examination of the psychological and physiological manifesta­tions of stress among TOPs National Team Members is the focus of the next article in this series.

References Colm, P.J. (1990). An exploratory study on sources of stress and

athlete burnout in youth golf. Sport Psychologist, 4, 95-106.

Gould, D., Jackson, S., and Finch, L. (1993). Sources of stress in national champion figure skaters. Journal of Sport and Exercise PsychologJ), 15, 134-159.

Gould, D., Petlichkoff, L., and Weinberg, R.S. (1984). Antecedents of, temporal changes in, and relationships between CSAI-2 subcomponents. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 289-304.

Jones, G., Swain, A., and Cale, A. (1990). Antecedents of multidi­mensional competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in elite intercollegiate middle-distance runners. The Sport Psychologist, 4,107-118.

Passer, M. (1983). Fear of failure, fear of evaluation, perceived competence, and self-esteem in competitive trait-anxious chil­dren. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 172-188.

Scanlan, T.K., and Lewthwaite, R. (1984). Social psychological aspects of competition for male youth sport participants: I. Predictors of Competitive Stress. Journal of Sport Psychology, 208-226.

Scanlan, T.K., Stein, G.L., and Ravizza, K. (1991) . An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: III. Sources of stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 103-120.

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June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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TABL

E 1

-SO

URCE

S OF

STR

ESS

AMO

NG Y

OUN

G G

YMNA

STS

Per

form

ance

o

f S

kil

ls

(38%

)

Fea

r of

E

val

uat

ion

(2

5.7%

)

Asp

ects

of

Co

mp

etit

ion

(1

4%)

Fea

r of

M

akin

g

Mis

tak

es

(4.1

%)

Exp

ecta

tion

s fr

om

Sel

f an

d O

ther

s (4

.1 %

)

Tim

e P

ress

ure

s (3

.5%

)

Fea

r of

In

jury

(2

.9%

)

Ap

pre

hen

sio

n a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

per

form

ing

ski

lls

invo

lv­

ing

lea

rnin

g n

ew s

kill

s, p

erfo

rmin

g a

dif

ficu

lt o

r sc

ary

skil

l, o

r d

oin

g s

kill

s fo

r th

e fi

rst

tim

e in

a m

eet.

Bei

ng w

atch

ed a

nd

ev

alu

ated

by

any

nu

mb

er o

f in

div

idu

­al

s su

ch a

s p

aren

ts,

jud

ges,

coa

ches

, o

r fa

mou

s p

eop

le.

Spe

cifi

c be

havi

ors

and

res

pons

es b

y o

ther

s w

hich

po

r­tr

ayed

neg

ativ

e ev

alu

atio

n w

ere

also

inc

lud

ed.

Bei

ng in

a c

ompe

titi

ve e

nvir

on

men

t an

d/ o

r co

mpe

ting

in

mee

ts (

espe

cial

ly t

hose

dee

med

as

impo

rtan

t).

Res

pons

es a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

mak

ing

erro

rs, w

orr

yin

g th

at a

m

ista

ke m

ay b

e m

ade,

or

cont

inua

lly

no

t d

oin

g a

tri

ck

corr

ect.

Fee

ling

s of

anx

iety

ass

ocia

ted

wit

h th

e pe

rcep

tion

that

one

m

ust

per

form

wel

l b

ased

on

sel

f-in

duce

d p

ress

ure

or

pre

ssu

re f

rom

oth

ers.

Str

ess

du

e to

wai

tin

g o

r th

e pa

ssag

e of

tim

e su

ch a

s n

ot

feel

ing

read

y to

per

form

bef

ore

the

star

t of a

com

peti

tion

, w

aiti

ng

for

a s

alut

e fr

om t

he j

ud

ges,

ru

shin

g th

rou

gh

ti

med

war

m-u

ps,

or

wai

tin

g to

co

mp

ete

afte

r a

del

ay.

A f

ear

of b

ein

g h

urt

or i

njur

ed d

uri

ng

a c

ompe

titi

ve e

vent

.

1 fee

l st

ress

"fa

llin

g of

f the

bea

m a

nd d

oing

new

, sc

ary

skill

s."

1 fee

l st

ress

"w

hen

1 do

a s

erie

s on

bea

m,

roun

d of

fs,

doub

le b

acks

, hu

rtin

g m

ysel

f, fa

cing

a T

suk,

ove

r ro

tati

ng a

fly-

away

."

1 fee

l str

ess"

tryi

ng so

met

hing

new

or d

oing

som

ethi

ng y

ou'v

e ne

ver

done

in

a m

eet."

1 f

eel s

tres

s "l

earn

ing

a ne

w s

kill

on a

ny e

vent

and

whe

n yo

u ar

e in

a

mee

t."

1 fee

l str

ess

"whe

n al

l of t

hese

peo

ple

are

wat

chin

g yo

u, o

ther

peo

ple

who

are

bet

ter

than

you

, ju

dges

wat

chin

g yo

ur e

very

mov

e."

1 fee

l str

ess

"bei

ng in

fron

t of ju

dges

, peo

ple

vide

o-ta

ping

me,

and

I'm

af

raid

I'll

m

ess

up a

nd e

mba

rras

s m

ysel

f"

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l st

ress

"w

hen

1 ge

t ner

vous

... a

t mee

ts. I

t's b

ecau

se e

very

body

's

wat

chin

g yo

u an

d th

ere

are

judg

es."

I f

eel

stre

ss "

whe

n 1

try

my

hard

est

and

my

coac

h sa

ys I

'm d

oing

ba

d."

1 fee

l st

ress

at

" ... a

ver

y bi

g m

eet

and

you

know

tha

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ur b

igge

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pe ti

tor

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here

."

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me

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mee

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1 ha

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whe

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m-u

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u're

afr

aid

that

you

'll fa

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mee

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1 m

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it th

roug

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it c

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to

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iss

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'm v

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it i

s st

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ful."

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get

str

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d w

hen

1 w

ork

over

and

ove

r on

som

ethi

ng a

nd j

ust

don'

t do

it

righ

t."

1 fee

l st

ress

, et

c. "

whe

n m

y co

ach

puts

pre

ssur

e on

me.

Lik

e if

you

don'

t do

it,

you

can'

t go

to t

he m

eet.

" 1 f

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stre

ss "

whe

n yo

ur c

oach

is

depe

ndin

g on

you

to

win

."

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l st

ress

"w

hen

peop

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ake

you

feel

lik

e yo

u m

ust m

ake

the

skil

l or

get

a b

ette

r sc

ore

than

eve

ryon

e el

se."

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whe

n yo

u ha

ve to

do

som

ethi

ng y

ou d

on't

wan

t to

do."

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l st

ress

"ru

shin

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tim

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arm

-ups

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you

go to

a m

eet a

nd a

re n

ot r

eady

for

som

ethi

ng."

1 f

eel

stre

ss "

if a

judg

e ta

kes

a ve

ry lo

ng t

ime

befo

re s

alut

ing.

"

"Str

essf

ul =

do

ing

a ne

w t

rick

and

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nkin

g yo

u're

goi

ng t

o ki

ll yo

urse

lf"

I fee

l st

ress

"w

hen

I'm j

umpi

ng to

the

hig

h ba

r, be

caus

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at's

how

1

brok

e m

y el

bow

."

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vir

on

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l:al

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nd

itio

ns

(1.8

%) I A

spec

ts o

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ysic

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nm

ent

or a

pp

arat

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wh

ich

I

"1 g

et n

ervo

us w

hen

the

bars

are

slip

pery

... if

the

floo

r is

har

d ... "

m

ade

the

gy

mn

ast

nerv

ous.

C/l ~ o :+ ~

C/l

"<

n =­ o -o ~

call II. 1"".11

Telecommunications

USA GYMNASTICS

d ONLINE GEARS t UP FOR ATLANTA http : //www . usa-gymnastics . org/ usag /

Rachele Harless, USAGO Webmaster

W ith the Olympics just around that proverbial cor­ner, USA Gymnastics Online certainly intends to make the most of the increased exposure for gym­nastics. We hope that many of the new web pages

that we introduce will satisfy the needs of the general public, many of whom will be first-time visitors to our website.

The two most valuable planned additions to our website are, perhaps, Membership and the Lockerroom. The Lockerroom will have several areas online: Books, Videos, Accreditation Materials, Apparel and Gifts, and the Clearance Shelf, where you will be able to purchase souvenirs from recent events and other products. You will be able to order a number of selected items online using your credit card - a transaction which is protected using the Netscape Secure Commerce Server.

The Membership department is now online with information regarding the new structure of membership at USA Gymnastics. The General Member pages, intended for parents, fans, and the general public, will also include an online sign-up form. One requested feature has been the ability to renew existing member­ships online. We are currently unable to satisfy that request, but we agree that this would be a very valuable service, one which we hope to provide in the future!

Congress attendees will want to check out USA Gymnastics Online for the most current information regarding schedules and presenters. Surfers can also view a select number of session previews. Other uploads during the month of May include: Clas­sified ads, results from Junior Olympic Nationals for men and women, selected articles from the May issue of Technique, a pre-

Visit USA Gymnastics Online for fast results for

the U.S. Olympic Trials.

liminary Mall Tour schedule, a dictonary of Spanish-English gym­nastics terms, a set of pages for the 1996 U.s. Classic and National Gymnastics Festival, and numerous press releases.

Recognition We were recognized wi th two awards in May! On the 14 th, USA

Gymnastics Online was chosen as the "Cool Site of the Nite," and from the 17th through the 19th, we were featured as one of USA Today's "Net Sites of Note" weekend edition. This latter award resulted in some of the highest weekend usage statistics to-date for our website. This award coincided with online coverage the U.s. Classic, which also certainly contributed to the increased usage. Also, on May 18th, we were reviewed by RadioOne, an Internet radio station which broadcasts via Truespeech or IWave audio . They referred to us as an" award-winning Olympic website," and encouraged all sports fans to visit our site.

Attention Netscape Users If you use Netscape to surf the web, double check the version

that you are using. If you are using anything less than 2.02, you should download the latest version! Earlier releases of Netscape had a bug that incorrectly compared dates involving Daylight

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Telecommunications

Savings Time. Many users were unaware of the problem, viewing outdated pages (local "cache" copies versus the most recent up­dates available on the web server). This affected USA Gymnastics Online users w ho were accessing our "Quick Hit" event pages, which deliver scores and commentary in between each rotation. Also, many USAGO users did not see the latest headlines on our homepage, which are upda ted several times a week.

If you are using an old version, then download either Netscape 2.02 or the la test Netscape 3.0 beta (codename: Atlas) from

http : //home . netscape . com . Either of these two versions should solve your problems.

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FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS AND GENERAL MEMBERSHIP FEES

June 13, 1996

Lisa Kennedy, USA Gymnastics Director of Membership

Due to the high cost of postage to foreign countries, USA Gymnastics has revised the pricing structure for foreign subscriptions to USA Gymnastics and Technique. Si~ce the cost of mailing to Canada and Mexico is considerably less than mailing to all other foreign locations, we w ill have a separate price for Canada and Mexico:

U.S. Canada! All Other Mexico Foreign Addresses

USA Gymnastics magazine subscription $15 $32 $45

Technique magazine subscription $25 $48 $60

General Membership $25 $40 $55

USAG Member Kit $10 $12 $15

) These prices are se t to cover the incremental costs of postage and handling only.

These price changes w ill not affect current subscribers until it is time to renew their subscription .

The prices lis ted above for General Memberships and Member Kits are in effect immediately.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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Announcements

I~l~~~~~.~~::~ C mittee 1 National om pleted for t l.e . e com .

The eleetlOnS aWr men's Program. for the 0

Chairman . Board Chair Administ~;~~~ann .

Kathy . ttee Chan COlnm1 El" te Program

1 Roe Kreutzer 'ttee Chair . 1 Comml , Teehmea

Women s . S5 Marilyn CIo .

ill . cal ChaIr Elite Tee l.~ehweyer

Audrey

' ttee Chair ded to 1998) J 0 Comm1 was exten . Tom Ko11 (term

1. Correction to FIG Cod S

Technique. e UllUnary as posted in May 1996

Pg.45 Changed Element Values Floor EXerCise: #8307 w'll .

. 1 remaln U C" 2. Correction on new ele onships ments from Sabae WOrld Ch .

. ampl_ April 1996 Technique

Pg. 44 Bars: #3 302 _ S . . . Ymbol 1s l11correct.

The National Gymnastics Foundation and USA Gymnastics Men's Scholarship Program

Applications Being Accepted Scholarship awardees will receive up to $6,000 for the year

the scholarship is granted for college or post-secondary edu­cation.

This Scholarship is a one-year scholarship, which may be re-applied for on an annual basis. *

The application deadline is July 20, 1996 for the 1996-97 academic year.

Awardees will be notified by August 1,1996.

For an application, contact the USA Gymnastics' Men's Program at 317-237-5050, ext. 264.

* NOTE: Acceptance of this scholarship could effect your

NCAA eligibility, depending upon your individual situation.

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June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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USA Gymnastics Junior Team Program

CONDITIONING PROGRAM BODY POSITIONING EXERCISES

I May, 1996 ., A Exercises: 12 1. Handstand hold against wall

2. Hollow rock/ Arch rock

3. Hollow hold on box - 4 positions

4. Leg Squeeze

5. Foot/ toe point - tendu with overarch: start in 1st position, slide foot to side (full extension), drop ball of foo t to floor, press to overach, return to full point, and slide back to first position (1 repetition).

6. Hollow / arch using mat/horse/PB and spotter. Supports at wrist and knee.

7. Wrist Pushups

Exercise Levell Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level S Level 6 Levell

Handstand against wall 0:15 0:30 0:45 1:00 1 :20 1 :45 2:00

Hollow rock/ Arch rock 15 ea. 20 ea. 25 ea. 30 ea. 40 ea. 45 ea. 50 ea.

Hollow hold on box-4 ways 5 sec ea. 10 sec ea. 15 sec ea. 20 sec ea. 30 sec ea. 35 sec ea. 40 sec ea.

leg Squeeze 10 sec ea. 15 sec ea. 20 sec ea. 25 sec ea. 30 sec ea. 35 sec ea. 40 sec ea.

T endu with overach done slowly 3 ea. 6 ea. 9 ea. 12 ea. 15 ea. 18 ea. 20 ea.

Hollow Arch 3 6 9 12 15 18 20

Wrist Pushups 5 ea. 10 ea. 15 ea. 20 ea. 25 ea. 30 ea. 35 ea.

Conditioning Schedule Supervision This is a daily program and can be used up to five times per

As with all aspects of the athlete's training, it is important that week.

This program can be performed at the beginning or at the end this conditioning program be directly supervised by the coach Uncompromising attention to the athlete's body position and

of a work-out. tightness is critical to the success of this program. Without con-

Number of sets per exercises stant supervision and high performance standards, the effective-ness of this conditioning program will be compromised.

One (the number of sets can be increased once the gymnast has mastered level seven).

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

USA Gymnastics Junior Team Program

To begin program Test the gymnast to determine his maximum performance

level. If the athlete's maximum performance level is, for example, level 4, that athlete should begin his training at level 3.

Note: The pelformance criteria should be strictly adhered to.

Program Length 4 weeks

Testing At the end of four weeks the athlete should be retested for

maximum performance. If the athlete's maximum performance level has increased then the training level should be raised accord­ingly. The training level should always be set at one level below the maximum performance level.

Description of Exercises 1. Handstand against wall

Gymnast does a handstand against the wall with chest and stomach touching wall. Be sure the hands are as close to the wall as possible. The gymnast should be trying to keep feet, legs, hips, stomach and chest against the wall the entire time. (Coach may assist to help the gymnast achieve this position.)

2. Hollow rock \ Arch rock On back - gymnast keeps arms by ears and parallel, the body is hollow with only the lower back touching the ground. The gymnast rocks back and forth in a smooth motion. Keep shoul­ders and heels off ground while performing this exercise.

On Stomach - gymnast keeps arms by ears and parallel, the body is in a tight arch with only the hips touching the ground. The gymnast rocks back and forth in a smooth motion. Keep arms and toes off the ground while performing this exercise.

* Note - be sure that the gymnast keeps knees straight and toes pointed during the exercise. There is no rest between the two positions.

3. Hollow hold on box Use two spotting blocks or folding mats - have the gymnast start by lying face down. The blocks or mats should be spaced so that the gymnast's shoulders are on one mat and his knees or feet are on the other mat. (The distance will depend on the strength of the gymnast.) The gymnast holds a hollow position while the coach pushes down on the gymnast's lower back and the back of the gymnast's knees. Do not let the gymnast relax this position - NO LOWER BACK ARCH.

The gynmast then rolls to either their left or right side and the coach pushes down on top of the gymnast's hip, the gymnast must hold his hip up.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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USA Gymnastics Junior Team Program

Next, the gymnast rolls onto back, the coach pushes down on hips while the gymnast holds hips up. Do not allow the gymnast's body to pike or fall inward.

Finally, the gymnast then rolls to his other side while coach pushes down on top of hip and the gymn ast must hold hips up .

Illustrations by S. Whitlock

4. Leg Squeeze The gymnast begins by lying on back. The coach holds the gynmast's feet up at about 45°. The gymnast must hold a tight body position, legs together, knees straight, and toes pointed. The coach then tries to pull the feet apart or le ts go with one hand at a time to see if the gymnast can keep legs together and toes pointed (form). The coach can also swing the legs side to side and up and down. (This will depend on the strength of the gymnast. As the gymnast gets s tronger make him/her work harder to keep legs together.)

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

USA Gymnastics Junior Team Program

S. T endu with overarch - done slowly

Begin facing barre in first position, SLOWLY slide right foot along the floor (using the floor as resistance) until leg, ankle, and toes are fully extended. (The knee will be facing the ceiling or up.) SLOWLY bend the toes until the ball of the foot is on the floor. Bend knee into an overarch, putting pressure into the floor and lifting the heel as high as possible . Push back to the fully extended leg position and slide foot back to first position. Repeat SLOWLY each time.

6. Hollow Arch

The gymnast lays, face down, flat on the floor and places elbows on a folding mat with arms straight and parallel over head. The coach then lifts the gymnast off the ground either by knees or shins (depends on each gymnast's strength). The gymnast must then maintain a hollow body position to start the exercise.

The gymnast then lowers chest down as far as he/ she can by opening the arm angle past horizontal. The arm angle must open so that there is no arching in the lower back. The gymnast then presses with straight arms raising his shoulders above horizontal. Then repeat the motion. It is important to only work from the shoulders, keeping the legs straight and toes pointed at all times.

7. Wrist Pushups First position - In a push-up position on feet or knees (best to begin on knees) with the arms shoulder width and fingers are facing straight ahead: Press up off palms as high as possible and lower back down, repeat.

Second position - In a push-up position on feet or knees (best to begin on knees) with the arms shoulder width apart, place the back of the hands on floor, (Caution - in the beginning do not place a lot of weight on hands) fingers facing toward each other with the wrists bent 90·: First bend the arms at the elbows Oust like push-up), then straighten the arms and extend wrists up onto the back of the fingers and then bend the wrists back onto the back of the hands, repeat.

The goal in this exercise is to do a push-up with the full weight on the wrist and with only the wrists and feet on the ground. Always maintain the shoulders over the wrists. In the begin­ning this is more of a stretching type exercise so start on wrists and knees. As the wrists get stronger put more weight on wrists and move toward supporting only on the wrists and feet.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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Safety/Sport Psychology L-______ _

PSYCHOLOGY AND SAFETY IN GYMNASTICS

Dr. Joe Massimo

M any beginning coaches and instructors study long, hard hours to master the teclmical complexities of gynmastics coaching. Terminology, spotting tech­niques, basic safety" thinking," and organization

(i.e., physical layout, mat use, and other aids) are critical compo­nents in the preparation of professional coaches.

An important area that often does not always receive the attention it deserves in coach readiness has to do with the relation­ship between principles of psychology and safety education. This brief article is designed to introduce a higher level of psychological and safety awareness which not only promotes a happier gynmas­tics environment but also one that is safer for young athletes on several levels.

Coaches and instructors eventually develop an individual phi­losophy about their interaction with youngsters as well as a personal style for approaching the task of coaching. Hopefully this methodology contains a high degree of understanding about child growth and development both physically, and of equal signifi­cance if not more so, the stages of emotional and psychological growth associated with different chronological ages. This type of knowledge is indispensable in establishing and maintaining an overall productive and healthy learning environment for gym­nasts . Professional coaches should be concerned with the whole child, not only with their physical progress. This attitude has a direct relationship to the psychological factors associated with safety in the sport.

Recommendation - Always attempt to

maintain a positive learning model where

gymnasts receive self esteem enhancing feedback.

First and foremost, is the development of both performance feedback (information about what needs to be physically done in order to accomplish the skill) and continuous positive reinforce­ment (+CR). This combination of communications in a mutually respectful climate motivates the gymnast to continue to strive for mastery. This coaching approach not only provides rewards for efforts on an on-going basis, but at the same time enhances positive self-esteem. What is the connection between this psychological model and safety? Children who feel good about themselves are usually focused when training and more ap t to feel personally "safe" in such a setting. This feeling of well being in a gynmast can contribute to physical safety. Such athletes are attentive, more open to corrections, and generally more in tune with what is going on around them. Gymnasts who train in a negative training

atmosphere and who are constantly subjected to put-downs, ridi­cule, sarcasm, and demeaning interactions are more distracted and potentially in emotional stress. These youngsters are accidents waiting to happen because they are focused on the emotional messages they are receiving rather than on the physical instruc­tion. Athletes who don't feel good about themselves may be prone to punish themselves on a pre-conscious level. What better way than sustaining a physical injury?

Another important area which is psychological in nature but has a direct connection to physical safety involves the openness of communication between the coach and student. Gynmasts who are inhibited in their ability to tell the coach what they are feeling need to be encouraged to do so. A dictatorial approach on the coach's part may close the avenue of needed communication where the gynmast feels he or she cannot approach the teacher. Many times a gynmast may not feel ready to perform a particular skill or is aware of that physically uncomfortable feeling called "fear." Some are afraid to tell their coach that they are experiencing that emotionally loaded response. Often the non-verbal signs will be evident, but the coach must be open to seeing these indicators in addition to being willing to hear this kind of information directly from the youngster. If communication is open and encour­aged coaches must be sure they are, in fact, truly " listening." This means that when the athlete is leveling with you about their feelings you should not be working out your response in your mind while they are still speaking. If you are doing so, you are not really listening. Your goal is to try to understand how the gynmast makes sense to him or herself, not to negate their thinking. This does not mean you need to make decisions solely on this feedback from your athletes but at the same time this information should not be ignored . Gynmasts who are not able for whatever reason to discuss their fears are candidates for injury and are safety risks. When your athlete is discussing this matter of fear avoid saying, "what are you afraid of?" .. . or worse, "no you're not."

Recommendation - Be open and willing to

accept feedback from your gymnast about their

personal feeling concerning readiness and

apprehension. Never invalidate these expressions

of an inner psychological state.

A third point for this discussion has to do with the importance of physical preparation and safety. This may appear a given, but the critical place that physical readiness plays from a psychologi-

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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Safety/Sport Psychology

Recommendation - Load the deck in the favor

of safety by adapting a psychological philosophy

that guides the gymnast along a continuum

which emphasizes progressive learning where

safety is not compromised.

cal point of view in terms of safety is sometimes overlooked. All coaches know the excitement that a talented and quick learning gymnast can bring to any program. We all have egos and the temptation with gifted children when we are anxious to show competitive results is to take a short cut and perhaps by-pass important building blocks. The psychological position that fo­cuses on a "step at a time" learning model is, in the long run, the sensible way to go. Skipping steps in the didactic process can not only result in a safety hazard, bu t can mitigate against the gymnast

realizing his or her full potential. It is much more difficult to go back to correct a missing link than it is to stay longer with the progressive basics until mastery is achieved. This results in carry over to other skill learning while the sin of omission often leads to a regression later in the athlete's career. Remember, overall, your physical preparation is your best mental preparation.

Summary It is not possible in a brief article such as this to discuss the

linkage between psychology and safety in an exhaustive manner. The points made here are designed to encourage beginning and even experienced coaches to pay greater attention to this more illusive aspect of coaching. The fundamental message is that not only is it crucial to keep the training setting physically safe but also to believe that a responsibility of a professional coach must include an effort to keep a budding gymnast mentally safe from harm and perhaps irreversible damage. Further information concerning this topic can be found in Chapter VII of the 1994 Edition of the USA Gymnastics Safety Handbook.

Psychology and Gymnastics

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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USA Gymnastics Board of Directors L..-__

NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP REPRESENTATIVES TO THE USA GYMNASTICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Voting Pro(edures . You MUST have a valid Pro Membership number and indicate this number on your ballot.*

You MUST indicate your "Member Type" on the ballot(s)* ­

Member Type No. With this number, you can vote for. ..

#100 Women's candidates ONLY

#200

#300

#130

#120

Men's candidates ONLY

Rhythmic candidates ONLY

Women AND Rhythmic

Women's AND Men's candidates

#123 Men's, Women's, and Rhythmic candidates

A separate Ballot is provided for each Program for which you have a membership

Voting is completed by mail-in ballot

Ballots must be postmarked by September 18

The ballot may NOT be duplicated . You MUST use the original as printed in Technique magazine. Photocopied ballots w ill be discarded.

Return to:

National Membership Representative Voting c/o USA Gymnastics Member Services 1036 N. Capitol Avenue, Suite E-235 Indianapolis, IN 46204

Men's Program Candidates Peter R. Bacon 39 Fores t Lane Hopkinton, MA 01748

As a gynu1ast, educator, coach, Brevet official, and businessman, Peter brings thir ty-five yeaTs of diverse, multi-faceted experience to our sport. At Springfield College, he competed for four years under Frank Wolcott. He has been involved with physical education, administration, Special Olympics, and coaching at the elementary through high school level. For the past thirteen years, Peter has brought gymnastics coaches from the U.s. to international destinations including Saudi Arabia and Kenya to conduct gynmastics clinics for American students who are living abroad.

As an official, he brings a wealth of national and international judging experience to each competitive event, be it Level VII, high school, collegiate, or international. Region VI recognized him for regional and national contributions as an administrator, judge, and clinician w ith the 1996 USA Gymnas tics Outstanding Service Award.

"Having worked at every level or our sport, I have the necessary insight, as well as the time, commitment, and energy, to broadly represent the needs and desires of the gymnastics membership." Bacon is the past President of the Eastern Gynmastics Judges Association (1992-94) and former member of the Board of Dire ctors for Bechtel Corporation (1988-92).

Ray Gum 33600 Pin Oak Pkwy. Avon Lake, OH 44012 216-871-6239

Ray has been involved with gymnastics for more than 30 years. His initial involvement was with the Turners, and YMCA programs in Cleveland. Ray competed for the University of Michigan, wherehewasa BigTen Champion, and NCAA All-American. Since 1978, Ray has owned and coached at Great Lakes Gynmastics, in Avon Lake, Ohio.

His involvement wi th USA Gynm astics includes: 15 years as Region V Director; eight years on the Junior Coaching Staff; member or chairman of tlu'ee competition conuni ttees. Ray is also a Nationally rated NGJA official, and has been awarded the highest honor that can be given by the USA Gynmastics Junior Program, the Frank Cumiskey Award. Gura is finishing his firs t term as the Men's Membership Director of the Board, and feels that his background and experience are a valuable asset to this position.

Jim Holt 6307 12th Ave NE Seattle, WA 98115 206-523-7424

Jim is highly respec ted by the USA Gynmastics Board of Directors for his outstanding work on behalf of the Men's Community, USA Gymnastics, and its' constituent members. His timely and detailed written Board reports are unprecedented.

"r feel a strong responsibility to inform the Men's Conununity about USAG' s and its' Board ac tivities. r am available by phone at any time for any question."

Jim is also widely recognized internationally for his experience and commitment to the growth of gynmastics. He has conducted five roc Development Courses for FIG, coached six countries in international competition, and is a prolific author of published material around the world. Formerly a club owner, and head men's coach at Washington, he is currently President of Gynmastics International Consultants.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

Michael A. Strada 5085 Southlake Drive Alpharetta, GA 30202 770-664-7292

Mike Strada is currently employed by Electronic Payment Systems as its director of Gateway Services. Mike has been involved in Senior Management positions in Electronic Fund Transfer Systems for 28 years.

Mike's accomplishments and activities in gynmastics include current State Chair fo r Men in Georgia; member of USAG Task Force on Elite Gynmasts; judge for 10 years; Field of Play Marshal for the 1996 Olympic Games; meet director of Central Florida Invitational and Orlando Invitational (1985-1991); meet director for Peachtree Men's Classic (1992-1996); meet director for Region VII Championships (1991); and floor manager for J.O. Nationals (1994).

Mike is married with two children. Kevin (21) is a student at Georgia Tech and Todd (18) is a member of Team 2000 and an incoming freshman at University of Iowa.

Rhythmic Program Candidates Ute Alt-Carbemj 16 Nassau Street Princeton, N J 08540 609-497-9439

Ute has been a club owner since 1972 (artistic and rhythmiC) and has served as a meet director for local, state, and national competitions. She has served as a judge at the 1995 Special Olympics World Garnes.

Alt-Carberry has been an international elite artistic and rhythmic coach (1978-1990) . She has a M.s. in health and phYSical education. Ute has served on the USA Gynmastics Board of Directors for the past four years.

In 1996, Alt-Carberry will serve as a volunteer at the Olympic Games and RSG Championships.

Tamara Dasso P.o. Box 30113 Walnu t Creek, CA 94598 510-932-1033

Dasso owns two gynmastics schools and an indoor rock climbing gym. Dasso has coached for 14 years- she is a three time Jr. National Team coach and has served as RSG Region I Director for tlu·ee years.

Tamara has been involved previously as: Region 1 speaker (10 years); National Team Coach; J.O. coach; State Director; J.O. Program Committee; level 5 judge; and Region I Congress co-chair.

Dasso says, "I have coached at all levels and own a gym, so I have a broad understanding of our sport. Being a State and Regional Chair has taught me a lot about serving the coaches, athletes, and judges."

Helena Greathouse 4214 NE. Royal Ct. Portland, OR 97213 360-418-2059

During her tenure on the USA Gynmastics Rhytlunic Technical Committee (RTC), Helena introduced and forwarded many matters from other judges as well as her own. She will continue to be available and supportive of concerns of all Rhythmic USAG members.

Some attributes of the ideal organization Helena wants to help build are: 1) careful listening to members' needs; 2) treating members with respect and dignity; 3) establishing an open atmosphere so that members feel comfortable in discussing any subject and feel encouraged to give any sugges tion important to them; and 4) accountabi lity to all members.

Greathouse has taught judging courses at USA Congresses and the 1993 Continental Judging Course in Colorado Springs; participated in compilation, writing, and revision of the RSG Technical Handbook for Coaches and Judges; served as Region II Judging Chair ((1980-92); represented USAG as a judge at 20 international competitions; U.S. National judges since 1974; taught RSG extension courses in California and Oregon (1971-76); coached RSG at all levels in California and Oregon (1971-76); and is certified as RG coach by Czechoslovak National Sports Society .

Diane Patterson Massad 1031 Cahoon Road Westlake, Ohio 44145 216-835-5071

Although an educator by profession, Diane owns and manages four businesses including two manufacturing operations. Along with her role as a business consultant, she produces and publishes initial publications for business start-ups.

Under her dance education and physical education umbrella, she founded Creekside Kids for specialized sports movement instruction. In this business, she func tions as a movement speCialist, author, and retailer of training products.

Her ac tivities include steering, teaching, demonstrations, research, and writing at Ohio schools and colleges, the Cleveland Clinic, and communi ty organiza tions, as well as her services for USA Gynmastics. These role: include: State rhytlunic chair (inaugural to present); Teclmical and Ethic~ Committee member; Brevet rhythmic judge; artistic coach (former AAU competitor); Congress Presenter Gudgingeducation); previous club business owner/ manager; gymnastics business consultant; conducts teacher and athlete training programs (for seniors, collegiate, secondary, elementary, and preschool facilities); developed rhytlunic unit for the Girl Scouts of America; training and conditioning specialist; coach and competitor for track and field; and choreographer.

Alla Svirsky 2410 Hercules Dr. Los Angeles, Calif. 90046 310-204-1980

Alla owns and operates an artistic and rhytlunic gynmastics facility and has coached a number of World Championships and OlympiC Team gynmasts. Besides coaching, she is an RSG Brevet judge; former Regional Director; and has served on the USA Gynmastics Board of Directors.

All says, "Gymnastics is my life. I really care about the quality and development of USA Gynmastics performers."

Simona Soloveychik 5205-5 White Oak Ave. Encino, CA 91316 818-343-6520

Simona's interest in the Board position is based on her past experience in the sport of rhytlunic gynmastics as a former competi tor (Jr. National Team member); international competitor; RSG coach (1988-1993); and judge.

Apart from gynmastics, Soloveychik has completed Law school and works for a law firm in Los Angeles. "I believe that this legal knowledge, combined wi th experience in the sport, gives me a grea t foundation for the Board of Directors position. I wish to combine my pas t experiences with new ilmovations to allow futu re generations to say that gynmastics is a part of them too."

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

Women's Program Candidates Linda Bradshaw 524 Pinneer Road Sapulpa, OK 74066 918-664-8683

Linda is owner, coach, and director of Tulsa World ofGynmastics. Established in 1976, the program has grown and expanded into a beautiful professional setting, and is a mentor for other gYllmastics programs throughout the country. "My goal for elec tion to the USA Gynmastics Board of Directors is to help continue to move USA Gynmastics to a higher professional standard."

Bradshaw was the 1995 Tulsa Small Business Person of the Year (Tulsa Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce); served as host gym for the 1994-96 USA Gymnastics TOPs National Camp; and served as a Coach in the 1995 Special Olympics World Games (New Haven , Conn.).

Rita Brown 740 Orange A venue A ltamonte Springs, FL 32714

Rita has 25 years experience and has been involved in every level of gymnastics coaching Tiny Tots through Olympians. As an owner of three gynmastics schools, two in Florida and the world's largest gynmastics school in Texas, her in-depth knowledge with regards to our athletes' needs and club owners needs puts her in the highest professional level. She has great vision and carries enthusing along with the commitment and drive to be an active contribu tor to our future in gymnastics. Her experience includes club owner of Brown's Gymnastics (1978-1996); USA National Team Coach (1987-1996); and Coach of Olympians Ellen Diaz, Wendy Bruce (1992), and Brandy Jolmson.

Linda Chencinski 377 Randall Ave. Elmont, NY 11003 516-352-1049

Having been a gynu1ast, private club owner, judge, and administrator, Linda has had the opportunity to contribute to gymnastics in many areas and therefore is in a unique position to offer over 30 years of experience to the Board of Directors.

"As a private club owner I encountered the many problems facing clubs today. As the National Women's Chairman I developed an overall National perspective of USA Gynmastics as well as a good understanding of how the Board of Directors functions. As an International representative I have developed insights into our International protocols and made many friends in our International conm1unity."

Linda's experience includes: Teclmical Assistant to the FIG jWTC President; World Championships Judge -STCjEXPERT (,91, '94, '95. '96); 19920lympic GamesJudge (STCj EXPERT Vault); 19960lympicGamesAssistantTeclmi cal Director; USA Assistant Teclm ical Delegate to FIG Congress; National Women's Conunittee Chair; and USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame Recipient.

David B. Holcomb 820 Troon Trail Wo rthington, OH 43085 614-431-3527

David has been involved in gynmastics for over 25 years as a competitor, coach, club owner, and administra tor. He founded Buckeye Gymnas tics in 1982 and the club has grown to include two large facilities , a staff of 41, and 1,300 students. Holcomb says, "USA GYllmastics must become a vocal and highly visible presence on the national stage promoting the physical, mental, and emotional benefits that flow from participation in gymnastics; standing up to the bullies and publici ty seekers who seek to undermine and minimize the efforts of our gymnasts; and ac ting as fierce advoca te for the right of all gynmasts to train in a safe enviromnent under the direction of knowledgeable and caring gYl1mastics professionals."

David is in private practice as an attorney and consults nationally on gynmastics, trampoline, and cheerleading related lawsuits. He has written on this subject for Technique magazine and has been a speaker at various national and regional clinics including the USAG National Congress. David is also a vice president for the United States Elite Coaches Association for Women (USECA- W). In that capacity he produces, edi ts, duplicates, and distributes over 3,000 gymnastics instructional video tapes each year for the USECA Video Club which he started in 1987. Finally, David has served as the meet director or si te manager for such events as the 1995 NCAA National Championships for Men, the 1992 Championships of the USA, and the Buckeye Classic (the larges t gynmas tics competition in the world).

Christine W. Kennedy 9321 Leesville Rd. Raleigh, NC 27613 919-848-7988

Christine, a member of Who's Who among Outstanding Americans, will bring a solid business background to this position. She holds joint Law and Government graduate degrees from Boston University and Harvard UniverSity. She has over 20 years of coaching experience, including 12 years as a club owner of Gymcarolina. In 1992 she pioneered the Helen Paesler School, an academically accredited private school for gymnasts K-12. Christine's accomplislunents in both gymnastics and business will bring a unique and valuable perspective to the Board of Direc tors.

Kem1edy has developed gynmasts from grassroots levels to the eli te national team; served as NC-USAG Board Member (1994-1996); and is an NAWGJ Optional rated judge.

Paul J. Spadaro 393 W est 49th Street, Apt. 5]] New York, NY 10019

Paul has more than 20 years of knowledge and experience in the organization and administration of USA Gynmastics programs in the following capacities: club owner (1976-present); women's age group coach (1974-1989); NY state women's chair (1978-present); National Safety Certifier (1980-present); USAG competition director (1979-present); and Competition Administrative Asst. (1996 Olympic Games).

Spadaro's job description for this posi tion is: 1) the ability to listen and understand the membership concerns; 2) to represent the membership and their concerns to the board of directors; 3) to work wi thin the framework of the USA GYl1mastics By-Laws; and 4) to perform the job responsibilities without prejudice.

Paul says, " It would be an honor for me to represent the USA Gynmastics women's membership on the USA GYI1mastics Board of Directors."

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt o A 21

I

" A 22

USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

MEN'S PROGRAM BAllOT Candidates: Vote for ONE candidate (1) by marking an)( in the space provided below:

Peter Bacon

RayGura

Jim Holt

Michael A. Strada

Return ballot to : (Must be postmarked by September 18, 1996)

National Membership Representative Voting c/o USA Gymnastics Member Services 1036 N. Capitol Avenue, Suite £-235 Indianapolis, IN 46204

RHYTHMIC PROGRAM BAllOT Candidates: Vote for ONE candidate (1) by marking an)( in the space provided below:

Ute Alt-Carberry

Tamara Dasso

Helena Greathouse

Diane Patterson Massad

Alia Svirsky

Simona Soloveychik

Return ballot to: (Must be postmarked by September 18, 1996)

National Membership Representative Voting c/o USA Gymnastics Member Services 1036 N. Capitol Avenue, Suite £-235 Indianapolis, IN 46204

WOMEN'S PROGRAM BAllOT Candidates: Vote for ONE candidate (1) by marking an)( in the space provided below:

Linda Bradshaw

Rita Brown

Linda Chencinski

Christine W. Kennedy

Paul J. Spadaro

Return ballot to: (Must be postmarked by September 18, 1996)

National Membership Representative Voting c/o USA Gymnastics Member Services 1036 N. Capitol Avenue, Suite £-235 Indianapolis, IN 46204

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Member Type __ _

Member Number ______ _

This portion of your ballot

will be discarded.

You MUST complete this

portion for your ballot

to be valid.

Member Type __ _

Member Number ______ _

This portion of you r ballot

will be discarded.

You MUST complete this

portion for your ballot

to be valid .

Member Type __ _

Member Number ______ _

This portion of your ballot

will be discarded.

You MUST complete this

portion for your ballot

to be valid.

Preschoo1fDevelopmental Gymnastics

SHOULD GYMNASTICS BE EXCLUDED FROM K-12 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM?

Jeff Lulla

R ecently the Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (JOPERD) magazine posted the following ques­tion to its readers;" Because ofliability concerns, should gymnastics be excluded from the K-12 physical educa­

tion curriculum?" To me, the thought of gymnastics being re­moved from physical education programs throughout America is very upsetting.

The fact that physical educators would even consider this question creates for me, and I'm sure for many gymnastics profes­sionals, some cause for concern. I started gymnastics in high school at the age of 15. My life has been forever enriched by this experi­ence.

Following is my response to the question posted in JOPERD. I hope you will take a moment to reflect on your own feelings and experiences, and perhaps, if enough of us share our views, we can help to promote the positive benefits of gymnastics even while some choose to focus on the few negative occurrences.

- Jeff Lulla

Recreational (or Educational) Gymnastics is the founda­tion of all sport because it teaches children how to control their bodies . Skills included in a basic gymnas­tics curriculum are running, skipping, rolling, swing­

ing, turning, jumping, and landing.

In many nations, gymnastics training precedes introduction to any other sport as a way of avoiding injuries and helping children establish a foundation for future success and enjoyment in sport.

As with any other movement activity, gymnastics participation carries with it some risk of injury that, if taught properly using appropriate progressions, equipment, and teaching aids, can be reduced to acceptable levels.

Benefits derived from gymnastics training include increased flexibility, strength, balance, coordination, and agility. In addi­tion, whether the student is 5- or IS-years old, gymnastics chal­lenges each participant individually. Breaking down skills into progressions appropriate for each student and within their ability to achieve assures individual success. The teacher will always begin with all students on the basics, and will only move those students who have demonstrated they are ready on to more advanced skills.

For example, in one class some students will be working on forward rolls while others may be ready for cartwheels. This step­by-step" success ladder" helps to raise self-esteem and confidence, and creates for children, an anticipation of future success.

The majority of serious injuries occurring in gymnastics are associated with the competitive levels of the sport. Competitive gymnastics (the sport) is as different from recreational gymnastics (the activity) as racing in the Indy 500 is from driving to the market to do grocery shopping. There still is a risk of getting into an accident while on your way to the market, but most of us believe this to be an acceptable risk. Unfortunately, in many schools, children participate in competitive games and sports that involve movement skills often without any consideration as to whether or not they possess the skills necessary for safety and success. Recre­ational gymnastics would do a great deal in helping teach children how to perform those skills necessary for success in any sport.

Jeff Lulla is a member af the USA Gymnastics Preschool Committee. He is also a National Safety Certifier for USA Gymnastics, an industry consultant, and is a semi nor presenter for the Amateur Athletic Foundation, the US Association of Independent Gymnastics Clubs, and USA Gymnastics. Jeff earned a B.A. degree in Physical Education from CSUN, and has more than 25 yeors of coaching experience. In 1985 Jeff opened the first Fun 8. Fit Gymnastics Center in Burbank and, in 1987, opened the second Fun 8. Fit Gym in Santa Clorita, Calif. Both gyms also contract with private schools and their local city Pork and Recreation Departments teaching recreational gymnastics both on and off site.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

I ., A 23

Preschoo1fDevelopment

TASKS, REFINEMENTS, AND ApPLICATIONS

i Steve Stork ~ .. ~III' Auburn UniversihJ A Correspondence to: Steve Stork, 24 2050 Beard-Eaves Memorial Coliseum

Auburn University, AI, 36849-5323

L ulla (1996) recommends placing preschool gymnastics students in similar ability groupings in order to avoid threats to children's self-esteem. He suggests that, in a class with a wide range of abilities, peer comparisons

may lead to a sense of inadequacy or failure. He further stipulates that it is much easier for teachers to work with homogenous groupings. There is research to suggest that children below third grade level rely on feelings of general competence (Harter and Pike, 1984) that are relatively unaffected by any specific sense of movement competence (Gallahue, 1989). I would, however, agree that it certainly is easier for an instructor to work with homog­enous ability groups.

There are several drawbacks to homogeneous groupings. Many gymnastics programs lack the population base or facility time to offer the multiple classes necessary to facilitate such groupings. Parents may not want or be able to accommodate restrictive scheduling. And, as public education is realizing, children often exhibit greater persistence if allowed to progress with their peers, regardless of their innate ability.

Therefore, while homogeneous groupings may lead to greater efficiency, it is not necessarily developmentally appropriate, and may be difficult for smaller programs to implement. Therefore, there has to be some alternative which will lead to effective instruction, maintain children's interest, and encourage contin­ued participation.

Modern physical education is faced with similar concerns related to homogeneous groupings of students. The phenomenon of the "competent bystander" (Tousignant and Siedentop, 1983) serves as one example. Students lacking in skill, self-competence, or self-esteem are faced with an undesirable situation. They don't wish to demonstrate their lack of skill through public, mistake­ridden practice. But neither are they allowed to withdraw from the situation due to mandated attendance requirements. Therefore, they develop a capacity for appearing to be active participants. They keep their place in line, but are able to avoid taking their turn. They run up and down the field in team sport activities, but rarely contact the ball or influence play.

The developmentally appropriate response to this pattern of nonparticipation is to recognize individual differences between stu­dents and develop activities that can be adapted to the individual needs of the students. The National Association for Sport and Physi­cal Education (NASPE) has published guidelines that describe what this would look line in an elementary physical education program (COPEC, 1992). Recognizing that the goals of gymnastics programs are different from those of physical education programs, how do we go about addressing the needs of individual students in programs that cannot provide homogeneous groupings?

Definitions Graham, Holt/ Hale, and Parker (1993) describe a teaching

framework based on Tasks, Extensions, Refinements, and Appli­cations. Tasks are planned activities or skills to be taught. A task is the basic unit of instruction. Extensions are variations of the basic task. Extensions are usually progressive in nature, from easier to more difficult. An extension may be as simple as asking students to perform a skill with a different body shape, at a different speed, or maybe with a partner.

Refinements are cues used by the teacher to focus students' attention on a particular aspect of the task. These might be techni­cal cues (i.e., "use the back of your head," " tuck tightly") or aesthetic cues (i.e., "point your toes," "stretch through your finger­tips") . They are called refinements because they should be pre­sented selectively and progressively as students learn the skill. Begilming teachers tend to present a lot of cues all at once while, at best, children can attend to only two or three cues while actually performing a task. Graham, et al (1993) recommend presenting children with only one cue at a time. This does not mean simply limiting the teacher to one cue after each practice attempt. It means choosing a cue and sticking with it for the entire period of time a skill is practiced, or until the cue is mastered.

Selectively chOOSing cues requires the teacher to prioritize. What are the most important cues and in what order should they be presented? Typically, the choice should be to progress from gross motor to fine motor movements, and from teclmical to aesthetic refinements.

Applications are challenges related to a task. An application is typically associated with a number or time-"Can you do five .. . in a row?" "How many ... can you do in the next 30 seconds?" The idea is to pique a child's interest in performing a task at a higher level of difficulty. Successful completion of the challenge should be recognized, but should not be turned into a competition.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Preschoo1fDevelopment

Teaching Heterogeneous Classes How do tasks, refinements, and applications solve the problem

of heterogeneous classes? First, intra-task variation allows chil­dren to choose a level of participation at which they are comfort­able. Mosston and Ashworth (1986) suggest in their "slanty rope" theory that, given options, children will choose that which is maximally challenging but at which they can also be successful. In gymnastics classes this can mean offering students a choice of rolling in different body shapes (tuck, pike, straddle), or from different heights (squat, handstand, dive). As long as the teacher acknowledges each child's choices and execution quality, there should be little concern about peer comparisons.

Second, the teacher reinforces the same cue with all task varia­tions (i.e., all forward roll variations use the back of the head). Focusing on one cue for all students and for a particular task portion of the workout (1) simplifies the teaching process, (2) provides better carry-over effect for that cue during subsequent classes, and (3) allows children to feel successful about that cue. In subsequent lessons, there is a short review of a previous cue, and then a new, more difficult cue is presented. If cues are appropri­ately prioritized and sequenced, the resulting small steps allow children to experience success during every class.

Young children do not have an adult understanding of compe­tition. Applications, or challenges, must recognize that children gain immense satisfaction from accomplishing tasks on their own.

FREE CATALOG In NY 914-963-0005 Dept.GA56

If the instructor presents reasonable challenges and then acknowl­edges the varying efforts of children equally, then all children can pursue skills at their highest level of ability without a sense of inadequacy.

References Council on Physical Education for Children (1992). Developmen­

tally appropriate physical education practices for children . Reston, V A: National Association for Sport and Physical Education.

Gallahue, D.L. (1989) . Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents. Indianapolis, IN: Benchmark Press.

Graham, G, Holt/Hale, S. and Parker, M. (1993) Children moving: A reflective approach to teaching physical education. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.

Harter, S. and Pike, R. (1984) The pictorial scale of perceived competence for young children. Child Development, 55, 1969-1982.

Lulla, J. (1996). Placing children in ability appropriate groups. Technique, 16(3), 35.

Mosston, M. and Ashworth, S. (1986). Teaching physical education: From intent to action. Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Tousignant, M. and Siedentop, D. (1983) A qualitative analysis of task structures in required secondary physical ed ucation classes . Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, (Fall), 47-56.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

9 ., A 2S

Membership

MEMBERSHIP AND SAFETY CERTIFICATIONj

d RECERTIFICATON ~ CLARIFICATIONS

Lisa Kennedy, Director of Membership

P lease review the following for clarifications of new poli­cies regarding USA Gymnastics Membership and safety certification for Pro Members and Instructor Members:

Membership Fees 1. Effective 8/1/96, the cost of a new Pro Membership will be $75.

2. The renewal fee for current Pro Members with renewal dates on or after 8/1/96 will be $75.

3. The renewal fee for Pro Members with renewal dates prior to 8/ 1/96 who fail to renew before their expiration date will be $75.

For example, if a Pro Member's renewal date is 7/15/96, but does not send in his/ her renewal until after 8/1/96, the cost will be $75.

4. New Pro Members who sign up before 8/1/96 will pay $60.

5. Pro Members with renewal dates before 8/1/96 who renew before their expiration date will pay $60.

Safety Certification and Recertification 1. Effective 8/1/96, the Pro Member cost for initial safety certifi­

cation will be $50.

2. Effective 8/1/96, ALL Pro Members are eligible to receive complimentary safety recertification, regardless of their Pro Membership start date or renewal date.

Note: There will be a $50 fee for the recertification course if the member's safety certification has lapsed by more than 30 days.

3. Prior to 8/ 1/ 96, the fee for initial safety certification and recer­tification for Instructor members is $75. Effective 8/1/96, the fee for Instructor Members to participate in a safety course will be $50.

4. Due to the rate change, the Safety Group rate will be discontin­ued as of 8/1/96.

5. For logistics and tracking purposes, ALL safety course partici­pants (new and renewal) MUST now complete and pass the safety exam.

Note: Participants claiming Pro or Instructor membership, must provide their membership number at registration/check-in for all safety courses.

Please refer to Chart 1 for further explanation of the new fee structure.

CHART 1 ProgramjFee Structure

New Pro Membership

Renew Pro Membership: renewal date is before 8/1

Renew Pro Membership: renewal date is 8/1/96 or later

Initial Safety Course for Pro Member

Initial Safety Course for Instructor Member

Initial Safety Course for non-member

Recertification for Pro Member

Recertification for Instructor Member

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

-Payment Date

Before 8/1/96 On or after 8/1/96

$60 $75

$60 $75

$75 $75

$75 $50

$75 $50

$100 $100

$75 FREE

N/A $50

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GYMNASTICS MEMBERSHIP # un L ____ ~ _ _ _ _ ____ __ ~~~ ____ _ ________ __ __ ___ ~

CLARIFICATIONS: 1997 - 2000 AGE GROUP PROGRAM

Age Group Competition Committee - Ray Gura, Chairman

Ju ne 12, 1996

This update contains clarifications and rule m odifications for the 1997-2000 Age Group Competition Program. These changes and cla rifica tions w ill be in effec t immediately.

Changes 1. Compulsories - Intennediate swings. All in termedia te swings in com­

pulsory competition will be deducted as per FIG (1/ 2 swing -0.2, entire swing -0.4) . Intermedia te swings are not added parts. To make the correc tion in the Age Group Competition Prograll1 Manual chan ge: a. Page 14, A, number 2: Delete the words or swing. b. Page 14, A, add number 7: Intermedia te swing (as per FIG).

2. Class III Required Skill number 2 on Parallel Bars: Minimum B value, stutz or backtoss to support (page 20) . The stutz must be a fo rward stutz. The junior program will recognize a B value stutz, as d efined in the 1993-96 FIG Code a/Points, as a forward stutz executed ;:: 45° above horizontal. In addition the junior program will recognize a B value backtoss, as defined in the 1993-96 FIG Code a/ Points, as a saIto backward to support.

3. Age detennining date. In an effort to make the age determining rules a clear as possible, please amend page 8, A, number 3 to read: Gyumas ts under the age of six w ill not be permitted to participa te in the Age Group Com petition Program under any circumstance. The athle te must turn six years of age before he may begin competition.

4. Mounting the parallel bars using panel mats. Amend page 10, B, number 1 to read: Panel mats may be used to mount any apparatus. At the parallel bars, a gymnast may not mount from stacked mats w hich would place tha t gynu1ast' s shoulders above the bottom of the rails w hile in a standing position. In addition, a board or a mat may be used to mount the para llel bars but not both.

Clarifications 1. Floor Exercise Class IV - Must the Required Skill number 1 be a layout

back somersault or would a tw isting layout back somersaul t fulfill the requirement? Yes, only a layout back somersault w ill fulfill the require­ment.

2. Pommel Horse Class IV - Must all three parts of the horse be used? Yes. Even though the required skills in the Class IV modified optional pommel horse do no t require tha t all three parts of the horse be u sed, the FIG general presenta tion requirements do require tha t a ll tlu-ee parts of the horse be used . The deduction for not using a ll three parts of the horse, per FIG, is 0.2. offic ial update 6/ 12/96 per Dennis McIntyre/USAG.

Kinder Accreditation for Teachers

LEVEL I KAT OBSERVATION FORM KAT Observation Steps Skills practiced 1, Contact club (let the teacher know you are completing

your KAT observations) 2, Set-up a time to meet w ith the teacher prior to start of

class 3, Observe class/complete observation form 4, A llow teacher to review your observation form and sign 5, It is advisable to send a thank you note to the teacher

observed NOTE: You can only obseNe two classes at your gym. It is

advisable that you also obseNe various age level classes,

Name ______________________________________ __

Social Security No, __ - __ - __ USAG No, ________ _

Mailing Address ________________________________ _

City ________ State Zip _____ _

Day Ph: ( __ ) __ - ___ Night: ( __ ) __ - __

Birthdate: _ / _ / _

Observation No (circle), 12345678

Ages (circ le): crawlers walkers 2-yr 3-yr 4-yr 5-yr

Ratio = __ Students / _ Teacher(s)

Club Observed ________________________________ _

Address __________________________________ _

City _ ______ Phone: ( __ ) __ - __ _

Teacher Observed ______________________________ _

Teacher's Signature

Lesson Plan

Objectives, ____________________________________ _

Warm-up Components

Skills introduced & practiced

Activity (name & explain)

Theme

Props

Music

Games

Closing

Students

Comments and observations regarding student's personal­ity characteristics (i,e, shy, aggressive), their behavior patterns, and social interaction,

reacher

What communication methods were particularly effective (i.e, verbal, demonstration)?

What teaching style was used (i.e, animated, enthusiastic, authoritative)?

r---------------------------------------------~ Safety

General Observations (Facility & equipment)

Class Management

Class organization - Were the students organized in a manner in which learning was facilitated? How?

Time management-Was there enough time a llotted for each part of the lesson (i.e, warm-up, skills)? List time frame,

Discipline-What types of discipl ine tactics were used (i.e, time out, warnings)?

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt ., A. 29

I

" A 30

Kinder Accreditation for Teachers

LEVEL I KAT WORKSHOPS-­CURRENT SCHEDULE

August 9-11 Omaha, Neb. Region IV Congress October 11-13 Williamsburg, Vir.

August 24-25 Penfield, N.Y. Gymnastics Training October 24-27 Boxboro, Mass. Center of Rochester

Workbook is sent prior to workshop. August 23-25 Battle Creek, Mich. Region V Congress

Accreditation is valid for three years. GAT

Region VII Congress

Region VI Congress

September 6-9 Austin, Texas Grandparenting 4 hours of observation is available. Must have

September 13-14 San Jose, Calif. Region I Congress at least 5 years preschool gymnastics teaching experience-send resume with registration.

September 20-22 Seattle, Wa. Region II Congress For more information, contact Jennifer Gallahue Lee at 317-237-

September 28-29 Buffalo Grove, Ill. Buffalo Grove Gym. 5050 extension 237.

October 11-13 Athens, Ga. Region VIII Congress

KAT REGISTRATION FORM Minimum agejor KAT is 16 years

Name ___________________________________________________ ____________________ _

Soc. Sec. # _________________________________________ ______ Birthdate ____________________ _

Address _______________________________________________________________________________________ _

City _____________________ State ___________ _ Zip _________ _

Telephone (Day) __________________ _ _ (Night) _ ___ _____________ _

Course Location ___ ___________________________________________ _ Date ________________ _

Organization Represented ______________________ ________ Job Title _____ __________________ _

LocaI Newspaper _________________________________________ Fax ___ __________ ____________ _

Current USAG Pro. # _____________________ _ (required for discount)

Prereq uisi tes

____ Rookie Coaches Guide Test/ or PDP Level I

---- Four hours observation/ or Grandparent (via resume)

Registration _ _ $140 pro member

_ _ $160 non-member

Form of Payment: Check Visa Mastercard ___ Am. Express Discover

Name on Card ___________ _______________________ _ Nulnber _______________ ~==::::::::=_ ____ _ Expiration Date ________ _ ___________ ___ Signature _____________ _________ _______ __

Please make checks payable to USA GYllm astics KAT Workshop.

Mail Registration Form and Payment to : USA Gymnastics KAT, Pan American Plaza, 201 South Capitol Ave. Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Gymnastics

RHYTHMIC GROUP CHAMPIONSHIPS The 3rd Rhythmic Group Championships will be held October 12-13 in Downers Grove, Illinois . All clubs are encouraged to spend

the summer training in Group work.

Group Categories J.o. Beginning Level

(Level 5 skills) J.O. Intermediate Level

(Level 6/7 skills) J.O. Advanced Level

(Level 8+ skills)

Compulsory RFX Compulsory Hoop Compulsory RFX Compulsory Hoop Optional RFX Optional Hoop

NOTES:

Junior Olympic Groups may compete one or two routines. A J.O. Group must compete the RFX routine. If a group competes the RFX, they may also compete the designated routine with apparatus.

J.O. begimung and intermediate compulsory routines will be taught at the USA Gymnastics National Congress in Boston. Videos will be available for purchase immediately following the Congress.

For additional rules and policies see the 1995-96 edition of the Rhythmic Rules and Policies and the rO. Rhythmic Technical Handbook.

RHYTHMIC GROUP ENTRY FORM Local Organizing Host:

Elite Sports Complex 6360 S. Belmont Downers Grove, IL 60516 Phone: 708-968-2699

Meet Director: Dates:

USA Gymnastics October 12-13, 1996

Times: Length of competition will depend upon the number of entries. Tentative finish time is 3:00 p .m. on Sunday, October 13.

Host Hotel: TBD Entry Fee: $160 Make checks payable to USA Gymnastics. Entry Deadline: Entries must be postmarked by Monday, August 26, 1996.

TeamNan1e __________________________________________________________________________________________ __

Club Nan1e __________________________________________________________________________________________ __

Address _____ ~ ____________________ ___ Phone ( __ )

Street ______________________________________________________________________________________________ _

City --------------------------------------------------------- State --------------- Zip --------------­

Level of Competition _ Beginner

Athlete Names

Intermediate Advanced Events

USAG Athlete Member #'s

RFX Appara tus _______________________ _

Signatures of Parents or Legal Guardians 1. ________________________________________________ __

2. _____________________________________________________________________________________ __

3. _______________________________________________ __

4. _____________________________________________________________________________________ __

5. (Alt.) _ ____________________________ ______ _

Please provide the following information: Head Coach __________________ USAG Pro # ______________ Safety Cert. Exp .

Assistant Coach USAG Pro # Safety Cert. Exp .

Meet Entl'y F01'1ns and Entl'y Fee must be postmal'ked on or before Monday, August 26, 1996 - Additional infol'mation will be sent upon l'eceipt of entnj.

Entry Fee: $160 Make checks payable to USA Gymnastics.

Mail Entry Forms and Fee to: USA Gymnastics

Attn.: Nora Campbell 201 S. Capitol, Suite 300 In dianapolis, IN 46225 317-237-5050

Signature of Coach: --------------------------------------------------

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt

" A-I I

Membership

CHANGESTO PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP

d FEES & BENEFITS A 32 Lisa Kennedy, Director of Membership

I f you've been reading any of the recent articles about the many changes taking place in USA Gymnastics Member­ship, you 've probably noticed the revised pricing structure for Professional Membership. Currently, a Professional Mem­

bership for one discipline (Men's, Women's, or Rhythmic) costs $60; each additional discipline costs $30. Effective August I , 1996, the cost of a basic Professional Membership will increase to $75, but each additional discipline will only cost $20.

The primary reason for the cost increase in theb.asic Profes­sional Membership is that, as of 8/1/96, safety recertification will be complimentary for all Professional Members. This means that once you have passed the initial Safety certification course, all your subsequent recertifications will be free. This new benefit results in a $75 savings every four years; the Professional Membership price increase will help defray the costs of developing and delivering the safety recertification course to all Professional Members.

Actually, when you add up the retail value of all the benefits of Professional Membership, you realize considerable savings by becoming a Professional Member. For example, the cost for pur-

chasing subscriptions to Technique, USA Gymnastics magazine, and the Rules and Policies book is over $50. Add to this the $19 value of complimentary safety recertification ($75 value prorated over 4 years) and the $12 paid annually in rebates to your state and region to help fund newsletters and other local administrative needs. Plus, if you attend the USA Gymnastics Congress, you save on your registration fees. In addition to all these benefits, as a Profes­sional Member you can also save on FIG supplements, USA Gymnastics apparel, and several other courses or seminars. Add it all up and the value of a Professional Membership could easily top $150.

Don't forget about another important benefit of Professional Membership- your voting privileges for program positions, in­cluding Membership Directors on the USA Gymnastics Board of Directors. As a Professional Member, you have a voice in how our organization and our sport is governed.

For more information on Professional Memberships, please feel free to call the Membership Department at 1-800-345-4719.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

WOMEN'S 1996 M(;Donald's Ameri(;an Cup Women's Competition Fort Worth, TX. Preliminory and Finals competi­tions. Features all competitors. Including: Kerri Strug, Kristy Powell & Andree Pickens (USA), Svetlana Boginskaia (BlR), Oksana Chusovitinia (UZB), Sang Lan (CHNl, Svetlana Zelepukina (UKR), Yvonne Tousek (CAN), Alexandra Dobrescu (ROM), Joanna Juarez (ESP), Julia Korostilova (RUS). 2 Tape set (2:40) #2471. ..... $24.95

199.5 Co(;a-Cola National Championships Women's Training Tapes 1 & 2 Footage you can't see on TV! Includes BONUS Music Video!! This 4 hour and 25 minute video offers an up-close look at top junior and senior elite gymnasts as they train for a spot on the U.S. National Team! Features athletes from the USA, including: Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Jaycie Phelps, Dominique Moceanu, Mina Kim, Vanessa Atler, Alexis Brion, Jamie Dantzscher, Kailie Dyson .. . and many, many more! A must-have video! #2451 ... .. $24.95

1995 IBM Atlanta In-ritational Women's Competition Filmed in Atlanta, Georgia, this meet took place in the Georgia Dome, site of the Gymnastics Events in the 1996 Olympic Games. Participants included: Katie Teft & Mohini Bhardwaj from the USA, Roza Galieva & Elena Grosheva (RUS), Svetlana Boginskaia & Elena Piskun (BlR), Alexandra Marinescu & Mirela Tugurlan (ROM), Ji liya & liu Xuan (CHN) as well as competitors from Spain, Japan and Ukraine. #2503 ... ... $16.95

RHYTHMIC 1996 R1tylhmi(; ChaBenge Senior Competition

Downers Grove, Il. Day one and day two competitions.

Features all competitors: Jessica Davis, lauri

Illy, Nat a l ie

lacuesta, liriel Higa, TIna Tharp, Kristin lee,

Kelsi Kemper, Melissa McElroy & Alicia Albe. 2 topes (2:40) #2375 ...... $24.95

1996 R1tythmi(; Challenge JuniDr Competition Downers Grove, Il. Day one and day two com­petitions. Features all competitors: Kassy Scharringhausen, Kate Jeffress, Tora McCargo, Johanna Shoemaker, Ellie Takahashi, Diana Quirin, Amy Ng, Emily Varela. (2:00) #2395 .. ... . $19.95

1996 USA &. Belarus RLytLnU(; ExLiLition Downers Grove, Il. Features all athletes: USA: Jessico Davis, lauri Illy, Natalie lacuesta, liriel Higa, Kassy Scharringhausen, Kate Jeffress, Tara McCargo, USA Group Team, and the Elite Sports Complex Rhythmic Children Athletes. BlR: World Championships medalist, Larissa lukyanenko, Tatiana Ogryzko, Evguenia Pavlina, and the BlR Group Team. BONUS! Training footage of Belarus Gymnasts and USA Group Team. (2:00) #2396 ...... $19.95

MEN'S 199.5 Ameri(;ilD Cup SeaHle, Wash. Prelims & Finals. #2246 " .. . $19.95

199.5 Winter Cup ChaBenge Three SlP format tapes featuring EVERY routine, compulsories and optionals, all divisions! Features all competitors including: John Roethlisberger, Chainey Umphrey, Chris Waller, Jair lynch, Trent Dimas, Josh Stein, Brian Yee and many more! Camcorder footage taken from the stands. # 2245 . . .. . $19.95

199.5 Pan AmeMan GiUIIeS Straight from Mar Del Plata, Argentina: Men's Preliminaries and finals. See the U.S. men's team triumph! Camcorder footage taken from the stands. #2247 .. .... $19.95

199.5 IBM A.tlanta Invitational Men's Competition

Filmed in Atlanta, Georgia, this meet took place in the Georgia Dome, site of the Gymnastics Events in the 1996 Olympic Games. Participants included: Mihai Bagiu, Jair lynch, Kip Simons & Kip Wilson

from USA, Andrei Kan & Vitaly Rudnitski (BlR), Alexei Bondarenko & Eugeni Podgorni

(RUSl, Huang Huadong (CHN), Rustam Choripov & Alexandre Svetlichnyi (UKR) as well as competitors from Korea, Japan, Germany & Bulgaria.

#2502 .... ... $16.95

OTHER 1996 M(;Donald's 1 on 1 International ChampionsLips Atlanta, GA. Every round of competition. Features all competitors. Including: Kerri Strug, John Roethlisberger, Jair lynch, Andree Pickens, lauri Illy & Jessica Davis (USA), Svetlana Boginskaia, Andrei Kan & Eugenio Pavlina (BlR), Oksana Chusovitinia (UZBl, Song lan (CHN), Svetlana Zelepukina & Valery Goncharov (UKR), Yvonne Tousek, Kris Burley &Camille Martins (CAN), Alexandra Dobrescu & Adrian lanculescu (ROM), Joanna Juarez (ESP), Ju lio Korostilova & Oleg Kuzmin (RU5) 2 tope set (4:00)

#2472 . .... . $24.95

COACHING Ii,\. Day In The GyDl" Video Series

Series Description:

"A Day In The Gym" is for use as on edu­cational tool for USAG professional mem­bers. Each video in the series shows a candid, unrehearsed view of a typical workout featur­ing training footage from clubs across the nation. Each video focuses on a different level of training.

Le~el 8 - Cincinnati GyDJInaslics Acade ... .,.. Be a "fly on the wall" at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy! This second video of the series is from Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy showing their Level 8 Workout. 2 tape set #2473 .. . .$24.95

Le~el 6 - A.rizona Sunra.,..s GYDJlnastics This video shows the level 6 Workout from Arizona Sunrays Gymnastics. #2456 .... $16.95

r--------------------------------------, To order any USA Gymnastics merchandise presented in this issue, please wmplete this order form.

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GYMNASTICS MEMBERIHIP # 1696

General Gymnastics

EVERY PARENT TELLS A DIFFERENT STORY

I Vicki Shinoda n ~., Watkin 's Gymnastics, West Chester, Fa .

A 34

Back in the glory days of big high school bands, I attended a large midwest high school (Shh! Class of '71). I was the head of 10 majorettes. My senior year, our band per­formed at a professional football game that was tele­

vised nation w ide. My relatives w ho watched, told me that just as the camera patmed the majorettes, my face suddenly disappeared­I had dropped my baton and was picking it up just as the camera zoomed by. My opportunity for 15 seconds of fame was lost-a disappointing finale to my career. In contrast, 25 years later.. .

The tension and excitement are building! Our travel day to National GymFest is almost here. We've been planning and saving forever- You mean it has only been one year?

At 1 p .m. October 29, 1995, I was standing at atten-tion on the sidelines at the huge RCA Dome in India­napolis, home to the Indianapolis Colts professional football team . Seventeen other parents from Watkins' Gynmastics in West Chester, PA, were lined up with me- fists on hips, legs straight apar t, heads held high, hearts beating our of our chests! We had come this distance to perform as a group at the 1995 USA Gym-nastics GymFest, a new concept in Ameri- t""'l can gymnastics. There would be no com- V p e titive, super-human ta len t, age requirements, or skill limitations-just inte­grated movements with our bodies such as tum­bling, dance, balls, hoops, and ribbons. Our daughters or our sons were the young gynmasts - athletes w ith boundless en-~ ergy and talent. We parents (17 mothers W and one father - average age 42) are teach-ers, nurses, secretaries, consultants, managers, students, graphic artis ts, store clerks, stay-at-home moms, and the like. Our group had two things in common: we were all "hands-on" parents, yet none of us were athletes .

Our children laughed in the beginning to see these "old ladies and one old man" pant and sweat. Now they respect our commitment to be a clown, a dancer, or a rhythmic gymnas t.

Barb Giebler and her husband own a private music production company. She has been a drama teacher, chorus and voice teacher, and sometime actor in community theater. For years, Barb has dealt with serious back problems and spent nearly all of summer '95 flat on her back in pain. You all know families like hers- two

talented kids w ith multiple activities, a husband devoted to family at1d career, with everyone dependent on Mom!

The day before we flew out to Indiana, Barb wrenched her back again. The prognosis from her doctor was not good. Several of us w hispered the obvious, "What a shame! Obviously she won't be going to GymFest." What we didn' t know is that Stephanie, like most pre-teen daughters, is dependent on Mom for motivation and emotional security. To fly to Indiana, stay in a hotel, and partici­pate for four days w ithout her mom was inconceivable. From where she lay, Barb picked up the phone to inform us she would be on that plane. Elaborate measures were planned. Barb and Stephanie spent the night on our couch, our house being just minutes from the gym. Next morning, a family with a huge van came by for them. Barb wrapped her arms around her husband's neck, leaned against him out to the van, and fell on the floor, flat on her stomach for the ride to the airport.

Looking back, Barb commemorates the weekend this way, "I only made it to one performance, but Stephat1ie, who always

depends on my energy and enthusiasm, did it all anyway. That weekend, she took the adult role because I had to rely on her energy and encouragement. What a good experi­ence for both of us!"

Watching the football games, for some men, makes them think they are brave or tough. Kerry, in the show

)""'l with his daughters, knows the bes t way to s trut his

V stuff!

Kerry Lohrman is a big guy. He played some football in highschool and

college, but like most of us, that was a long time and a few pounds

ago. But he has always rough-housed with his two petite gymnast daughters,

using their stiff bodies like barbells and imitating circus balancing acts. When the call went out for parent participation in the rhythmic portion of our new show, Kerry and the girls demonstrated their antics for our coach, Deborah Gavron. Performing to the lyrical song, "Send in the Clown s," Kerry and his daughters, Jackie and Marissa, quieted the audience with their daring balances and dramatic lifts perfectly choreographed with the music. Kerry recalls, "During the Gala performance, the last night of the GymFest, I was balancing Jackie on my shoulders at1d Marissa on one thigh. I looked down and Marissa gave me the biggest grin. It was m y proudest moment and made all the effort worthwhile." Ohl did I forget to mention Mom? Just a few feet away, among the other gymnast-mothers, Karen Lolu'man was performing too.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

General Gymnastics

The older, wiser girls are yearning for this clowning around to be done, so they can get back to more learning about social skills, sleeping, and fun!

Do you remember being in Junior High School? Most of the day was spent trying to look, act, or talk" cool." Friends were IN -parents were OUT. Nothing has changed in adolescent culture no matter how many decades go by. Imagine Roshea Kelleher's dilemma: her mother, Vivian, tags along nearly everywhere Roshea goes ou tside of school. Why? Roshea is deaf. Roshey's Mom serves as her interpreter, attending her classes, and signing everything that goes on in the classroom. Vivian is, herself, an interpreter for students at other schools in the district and signed the entire gymnastics performance for the GymFest audience. Roshea's fin­gers fly and Vivian interprets . "Sign language is not always needed-a smile is the same in all languages."

One of Roshea's thrills of the weekend was flying in an airplane for the first time. She also was given much more freedom from her mom. "We laughed and practiced together," explains Vivian, "but I learned to physically turn my back. She had her moments with her friends while I learned how to endure her independence."

Roshea, with her mom in tow, was not out of place on our team-each of the girls had a parent sharing the same locker, van, and hotel. How could these pre-teens still look and act cool? Vivian showed us how to discreetly observe, but not interfere with our daughters.

The Gala, Finale, and fund-raisers are just memories of our first GymFest, but being with you, my daughter and friends will stay precious-outshining the rest.

I performed several roles at GymFest:

I was there as President of the Parents' Booster Club, represent­ing the interests of the team members and parents meeting with USA Gymnastics officials.

When no one else volunteered, I agreed to be the team discipli­narian. I figured the young athletes had never known me in a " law and order" role and would listen if I yelled out, "Line up and stop talking!"

I was there as a mother and fellow teammate of Kathryn, my eight-year old daughter. She took such delight in being able to coach me and share her sport with me! and ...

Secretly, I was there for redemption. My previous performance on a pro football field had not lived up to my ideals. October 29, 1995 was my opportunity to shine at a football pre-game show. If the camera panned the line-up of adults, my face would be there. Moments before the director's whistle sounded for the show to begin, I ran through the routine one more time in my head, said an earnest prayer for dexterity and courage, and then followed my teammates onto the field.

Eight minutes later, the GymFest Finale show was over. We waved to the crowd, and they waved back. I had been redeemed.

HMTA fAT RAfTAWOOI<

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~ ., A 35

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~--------------------------------------------------------------

General Gymnastics

1996 NATIONAL GYMFEST

USA Gymnastics General Gymnastics Advisory Panel

Dates:

Site:

Fees:

December 6-8,1996

Disneyland Hotel and Disneyland® Park, Anaheim, Calif.

Staying at Disneyland Hotel is just like staying at Disneyland® Park! At this 6O-acre resort playground it's hard to tell where the Park ends and the Hotel begins. The Disneyland Hotel is filled with beautiful landscaping, free entertainment, award-winning restaurants, a variety of specialty shops, exhibition space, and the "magic" of Disney in every hotel room. Plus, it's the only hotel on the Monorail to Disney land® Park. Make your 1996 USA Gymnastics Natio nal GymFest a " play and s tay" Disn ey experience!

$40/ participant for 1996 National GyrnFest activities

NOTE: Each Group receives one FREE participant and one FREE Group Leader for every 10 paid registrants.

Deadlines: September 15 - This early club registration deadline will permit your "Club Name" to be included in pre­event press releases. A $100 non-refundable deposit is required for early club regis tra tion. This guarantees your participation (there is the possibility that all spaces w ill fill, so to hold your space, register early) .

Theme:

October 15 - Nominative registration deadline. A 50%-of-total payment is required by this date.

November15 - Definitive registration deadline. The balance of total payment is due at this time along with all required forms.

Beyond Imagination Additional Information:

Detailed information will be mailed to those who complete the information form below.

Members of the USA Gynmastics General Gynmastics Advisory Panel (GGAP) w ill conduct three informative and fun sessions on General Gymnastics and the 1996 National GymFest at the National Congress in Boston in June.

Members of the GGAP will have an information booth and be available to answer your questions in the Exhibition Hall at the Congress in Boston.

Updated 1996 National GymFest information will be provided in Technique magazine and on the USA Gymnastics World Wide

• ";f' ' . 1t'"

©Copyright Walt Disney Corporation

Web site - http : //www . usa -gymnast i cs . org / usag /

Upon pre-registration to the 1996 National GyrnFest, each Club will receive a complete information packet.

Schedule and Description of Activities Disney Magic Music Day Friday, December 6 - For an additional fee of $49.75/ person, participating Groups w ill be able to perform at Disneyland® Park (subject to approval of Disneyland® Park). For each participant, this fee includes:

Your Group's performance at Disneyland® Park

A five-consecutive-day pass to Disneyland® Park

A workshop with Disney staff members

Two meals in Disneyland® Park

A participation plaque for each Club

A lapel pin and T-shirt

FREE Disney Music Day packages for two of the Group Leaders

NOTE: 1) Performance in the Disney Magic Music Day activities are NOT required for participation in the 1996 GymFest; however, 2) Groups MUST be registered for the 1996 National GyrnFest to be able to participate in the Disney Magic Music Day activities; and 3) Groups must submit a videotape of their performance for submission to Disneyland® Park to be eligible for the Magic Music Day activities.

Activities of the 1996 USA Gymnastics National Gym Fest

Saturday and Sunday, December 7-8 - All 1996 National GyrnFest activities w ill be conducted at the Disneyland Hotel. The GyrnFest participation fee includes:

One rehearsal time for your Group's performance routine at the Disneyland Hotel

One performance of your Group's performance routine at the Disneyland Hotel

Gala Showcase group performance - All registered groups will learn, rehearse, and perform in the Large Group routine at the Gala Showcase on Sunday

1996 Nationaal GyrnFest T-shirt

Additional performance of your Group's routine or special mini­routine during the Gala Showcase on Sunday (if selected)

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

t'~ ., A 37

I o iL 38

General Gymnastics ----------------------~

Workshop and social opportunities (TBD)

A 1996 National GymFest participation plaque for each Club

Written comments and suggestions concerning your Group's performance routine by the GGAP to assist you in preparing new routines and improving your current routine

NOTE: Each 1996 National GyrnFest Performance Group is required

to submit an additional videotape of their performance routine to the GGAP to assist in planning the Gala Showcase by the November 15th definitive regis tration deadline. Prior to the 1996 National GymFest, the GGAP will attempt to provide comments and suggestions on your routine to assist you in preparing your routine if you are able to send us your videotape at an earlier date.

PLEASE SEND US MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE J 996 USA GYMNASTICS NATIONAL GYMFESTI

Club Name __________________________________________________________________________________________ __

Grou pLeader's Name _________________________________________________________________________________ __

Mailing Address _____________________________________________________________________________________ __

City ______________________________________________ __ State ____________________ __

Day Phone ___________________________________________ _

Night Phone _________________________________________ __

Fax _______________________________________________ ___

Expected number of participants in your group ___________________________ _

Mail to:

USA Gymnastics, 1996 GymFest Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Zip ______________ __

General Gymnastics Minutes

GENERAL GYMNASTICS ADVISORY PANEL

Conference Call

May 8, 1996 - 10:00 a.m. COT

I. Members present: Deborah Gavron Lori Laznovsky Dean Capelotti Dave Moskovitz Steve Whitlock Jennifer Gallahue Lee

II. Previous Minutes Moskovitz asked for approval of minutes from previous meeting. • The minutes were approved with the following changes:

IV. 6. - add "participants" IV. 7. - new "To bring together athletes from cities, states, and nations

as a contribution toward peace, understanding, and mutual coopera­tion."

XII. - Action item 5 "Gymnastics for All" is now to read "Gynu1astics for Everyone" or "Gymnas tics, it's for everyone!" Note: this is to match marketing efforts by USA Gymnastics.

I. Congress and the Congress Booth Whitlock has secured booth space for GGAP. The booth is 8' x 10'. Set-up, exhibit hall hours, and tear-dow n will follow the published schedule. Champion is the decorator. Whitlock will have Tina Sunier to forward exhibitor information to Moskovitz. The booth is to include a 6 foo t table, 2 chairs, sign, and waste basket. Moskovitz reques ted signage and flags from USAG Events Department. Panel members are to forward photographs, posters, etc. for decoration. • Regarding the Congress, flyers will be made to match the announce­

ment in the Proceedings Book to be p laced in attendee's bags.

• Gavron will contact Heather Whitaker at USA Gymnastics regarding stickers that will be distributed: USA Gymnastics logo, appropriate Disney logo, 'Tm going to Disneyland."

• Whitlock and Capelotti will complete 1996 GymFest registration pack-age and include page in congress bags.

II. Congress Presentations Moskovitz has submitted preliminary description to Whitlock. Final infor­mation is to be forwarded to Gallal1Ue Lee. The Panel felt that the use of video tape should be a primary element of presentation for its visual and emo­tional effec t.

III. General Gymnastics Brochure Gavron reviewed the preliminary text that was prepared and distributed prior to the call . A variety of editing suggestions were given by the group. Gallal1ue Lee will fax changes to Gavron. Production is on schedule.

IV. 1996 GymFest - Disneyland Capelotti confirmed the dates of December 6-8. He was able to negotiate "Fun Day in the Park" package for approximately $49 per person. Partici-'ants will receive a variety of benefits. The fun day will take place on the 6th,

"' ith GymFest activities on the remaining days. Capelotti also confirmed Peter Vidmar as a guest celebri ty, who will also be bringing his club. Discussion followed regarding fees, registration, group discounts, group leader fees. • All agreed on the participant fee of $40; for every 10 paid registrations,

the club would receive on free; for every 10 group participants, the club would receive one leader pass; a $100 deposit would be required with

registration; all other dates would remain the same as previously agreed. A question was raised regarding insurance coverage - the same waiver procedure that was used in the past will continue.

V. Other Action • It was agreed that Moskovitz would draft a standardized letter of

introduction that the Panel could use in its communication and distri­bution of invitations to the GymFest.

• It was agreed that "Beyond Imagination" would be the theme for the 1996 GymFest.

• It was agreed that the Panel would conduct a telephone conference call on Wednesday, June 5, at10 a.m. CDT, to finalize all information on the brochure and congress activities.

The call was concluded at 11:25 a. m. COT

Submitted: Dave Moskovitz

MEN'S PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Conference Call

April 3, 1996. Conference call meeting called to order at 1:08 p.m. EST by Chairman Marc Yancey.

I. Roll Call Members present: Marc Yancey Chair, MPC Tim Daggett USA Gymnastics Vice-Chair for Men Dusty Ritter Jr. Coaches Representative Bill Roetzheim FIG Representative Fred Turoff Sr. Coaches Representative Mark Williams Sr. Coaches Representative Clu'is Waller Athlete Representative (representing Peter Vidmar) Ron Galimore Men's Program Director (voice, no vo te) Deruu s McIntyre Men's Program Manager (voice, no vote) Mas Watanabe Men's Tecluucal Coordinator (voice, no vote)

II. Overview of qualifying procedures for the Coca·Cola National Championships

Letter entitled "Qualification Meets and Entry Procedures for the 1996 Coca­Cola National Championships" was faxed to members and described. This will be mailed out to everyone who has had a gynmast in the Coca-Cola National Championships or Winter Cup plus to the regional directors following tlus meeting.

III. Qualification meets for the Coca·Cola National Championships, Team 2000 section

To be held May 18 weekend. Bids have been received from Peru1 State, Iowa, and Texas (Houston) . Another bid may come in from Califonua. Motion to accept the three b ids received.

Motion - F. Turoff Second - T. Daggett PASSED - 6-0

Motion to allow D. McIntyre to solicit a bid from the west coast and assign it without contacting MPC members for approval.

Motion - B. Roetzheim Second - M. Williams PASSED - 6-0

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

I

" .A 39

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Men's Minutes

IV. Richard Grace petition to Olympic Trials (D. Ritter joined the call during this period) Richard Grace has recently had surgery to repair a broken fibula and has petitioned the MPC for direct entrance into the Olympic Trials. During much discllssion it was emphasized that sllch petitions must be handled on an individual basis. The two-trials format, which has been in place for quite a while (Note: and has been affirmed at elite coaches meetings), is felt to be most important to select the best team. Galimore detailed a USOC requirement that drug testing must be done for all potential Olympic Team members at the National Championships due to timing of our meets. Any accepted petitions must a ttend National Championships for this. Many facto rs were discussed . We must recognize that in an y trials (or championships) situation there are a thletes who miss an opportunity due to an untimely injury. Motion to accept Richard Grace's petition into the Olympic Trials.

Motion - F. Turoff Second - B. Roetzheim FAILED - 0-6-1

V. Funding proposals for the next quadrennium Refer to the proposals received from the office (including the la test revision) and C. Waller. Waller revised his and commented on it. R. Galimore commented on the revised USA Gymnastics paper. Much discussion followed . What is a subsistence amount? What amount would be a great reward that would be true incentive for our top athletes to continue? How is this budgeted? There is no funding at present to provide this amount of support just after the Olympic Trials, however the post-Olympic tour w ill supply athletes with $1,500 per stop (30 stops) . Athletes #8 and #9 will be funded by USA Gymnastics. F. Turoff presented other dollar figures and reviewed semi-annual qualification via competition. What is the optimum number of athletes to be funded? What is the proper amount of funding? Modifications suggested. Discussion of period of funding - when does it ac tually start? If we have 1997 Winter Cup and tie funding to it, this puts Olympic team members who are on tour and not training toward Winter Cup at a disadvantage. Should money be awarded once or twice a year? ,hould we use the 1997 Winter Cup as the las t Winter Cup to have funding jed to it and award half funding a t that one, then award full amounts at National Championships (or another major meet - e.g. the 1999 World Team Trials) . Olympic a thletes can choose to not a ttend full tour if they wish to train for Winter Cup 1997, if that has funding attached . Prize money may be available for Winter Cup in fu ture as well. Motion to accept the amounts for the top nine places as follows: Gymnast

#1 $50,000 #2 $35,000 #3 $25,000 #4 $19,000 #5 $17,000 #6 $15,000 #7-#9 $12,000 each

Re-rankingwill take place at1997 Winter Cup for half amounts, then shift to yearly awards at 1997 & 1998 National Championships and 1999 World Team Trials. IncentiveJhardship pool for athletes is $25,000. (Note: Grants are also available.) Conditions attached as per USA Gymnastics document.

Motion - D. Ri tter Second - F. Turoff PASSED - 7-0

M. Yancey commented on discussions with Kathy Scanlan at the recent Strategic Planning Committee meeting regarding the sentence referring to not wi thholding funding due to injury. Suggested wording is: Athlete funding would be dependent on appearance a t an " A" list and 'B" list of events. "A" list is e.g. American Cup, Budget dual meet. Reduction from annual funding due to missing an event would be50 %. "B" events are sponsor-driven appearances. Deductionfrom arumal funding would be 25%. USA GYlm1astics President would be able to waive this deduction if, e.g., the a thlete was injured in pursuance of the goal event. This would protect USA Gymnastics TV interests in having best athletes to be there, since the N BC contract requires 3 of top 5 ranked athletes in televised meets. (T. Daggett had to leave at 2:45 pm) \.1otion to replace injury sentence with updated policy statement regarding penalties for missing required appearances. (This was confirmed two days later by a 5-1-1 approval vote.)

Motion - F. Turoff Second D. Ritter PASSED - 5-0-1

Coaches' funding was then discussed at length.

Motion that funding for coaches would reflect funding for nine athletes: Coach of:

#1 #2 #3 #4-6 #7-9

$20,000 $14,000 $10,000 $ 5,000 each $ 3,000 each

Money will be awarded for the same competitions as athletes' funding. (A missed-event payment reduction clause will appear in a similar manner to that stated for athletes.)

Motion - F. Turoff Second - D. Ritter PASSED - 6-0

Notes: Any funding not accepted will be returned to the respective incentive/ hardship pool. (D. Ritter left 3:03 p .m.) Funding document will be faxed to committee members this week for approval via phone to M. Yancey by Friday.

VII. 1997 Winter Cup Following the four-year meet schedule shown to the committee, it was moved that the 1997 Winter Cup will be held on the weekend of February 14. Prize money may be tied to events (in addition to funding awarded to those who place 1-9 in the all-around). Specialists will be part of the competition. Number of all around competitors will be 42, with the top six specialists per event invited from national rankings developed through qualifying meets, which will be held the first three weekends of January, 1997.

Motion - F. Turoff Second - M. Williams PASSED - 5-0.

VIII. Symposium on new Code 0' Points USA Gymnastics office suggests to have it on Wednesday and Thursday, Augus t 14-15, 1996 in Colorado Springs in conjunction with a junior dual­competition with Canada Friday, August 16. Symposium participants can stay to watch meet if they desire.

IX. One-touch warm-up at Coca-Cola National Championships and Olympic Trials

Since it is felt that a change at this time might be detrimental to the athletes, warm-up w ill be kept as it is. However, the next year may well see the elimination of the one-touch warm-up, which is expected to make our competitions more attrac tive to the public.

X. Next MPC meeting The next MPC meeting w ill be conducted at the Coca-Cola National Championships in Knoxville, to be followed by one a t the Olympic Trials. A conference call will be set up for early May to consider petitions to the Coca­Cola National Championships, Team '96 section.

XI. Time lag C. Waller expressed concern for lag time that athletes experience in receiving funding.

The meeting was adjourned at 3:19 p.m. Submitted by Fred Turoff, secretary, USA Gymnastics Men 's Program Committee

Addendum May 7, 1996

XII. Petitions to the Coca·Cola National Championships Three petitions were received w ith the following actions taken: Trent Dimas - Accepted into the Championships.

PASSED - 7-0 Don Brown - must obtain an optional score at a regional qualifying meet

to be added to his compulsory score obtained at the Winter Cup and must achieve the required 104 minimum total to be admitted to the Coca-Cola National Championships. PASSED - 6-1

George Hery, Jr. - must obtain a total of 104.00 minimum at the Stanford qualifying meet (which has a separate compulsory session) to be admitted to the Coca-Cola National Championships. PASSED - 6-1

Ron Galimore, Men's Program Director Kathy Scanlan, USA Gymnastics President

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

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Women's Minutes

JUNIOR OLYMPIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE

May 5-6,1996

Duluth, Georgia

I. Roll Call Meeting was called to order at 8:00 PM on May 5 by Chairman Tom Koll. Region I Darla Franz Region II Mike West Region III Cheryl Jarrett Region IV Bryon Hough Region V John Geddert Region VI Larry Goldsmith Region VII Kelli Hill Region VIII Elaine Wulf WTC Rep Cheryl Hamilton EPCC Roe Kreutzer WABC Kathy Feldmann WP A Kathy Kelly JOPC Connie Maloney Guests: Steve Whitlock, USAG Director of Education

Lisa Kennedy, USAG Membership Director

II. Review of the Minutes Recommendation to accept the minutes as published in the December '95 Technique. -

Motion - John Geddert Second - Darla Franz PASSED

III. Elite Program Committee Report· R. Kreutzer The committees involved with the Elite Program have been re-named: National Elite Committee and International Elite Committee. They are working on a 4-year calendar, as well as reviewing the club support money and national clinician program.

IV. Women's Administrative Board Report - K. Feldmann The WAB will be working on the Rules & Policies update at their meeting at Classics in two weeks. K. Feldmann reminded the committee that State Chairman elections are being conducted and a State Chairman's workshop will be held on July 1 following Congress. Also urged the committee to vo te for the USAG Board of Directors WP representatives.

V. WTC Report - C. Hamilton The WTC su bIni tted proposed ded uctions for Level 4 for the JOPC' s review. The JOPC agreed that no changes w ill be made in the Jr. Olympic Optional rules for the remainder of the J. O. cycle (until July 31, 1997) . The only changes in difficulty values for elements w ill be for those elements whose values have been raised by the FIG. *Note: Beam dismount - Front saito stretched with 1'/2 hvist (take-off only from both legs) was evaluated as a new element #9.306 "C" by FIG-WTC from the 1995 World Chan1pionships. As this element has already been evaluated by the USAG-WTC as a "D" in the ].0. Element Supplement, this element will remain a "D" until the JOPC votes on any modifications of the 1997 Code of Points that will be in effect for the J.O. Progran1 after August 1, 1997. Recommendation to the WTC to delete the deduction for competing out of order for Jr. Olympic competitions.

Motion - K. Hill Second - E. Wulf PASSED

NOTE: WTC also voted in favor of deleting the deduction for competing out of order for J.O. competitions.

VI. Apparatus/Matting Issues Vaulting into solid-foam pits for competition: Effective August 1, 1996 for USAG-sanctioned competitions BELOW the State Championship level, one or two competition (12 cm) landing mats (plus the maximum allowable skill cushions) will be allowed to be placed on top of a solid-foam pit (loose foam pits are not allowed), provided that this information is stated in the meetinformation to the participating clubs.

Motion - J. Geddert Second - M. West PASSED

Allowable Landing mats: Motion to allow the use of one "sting" mat in addition to the maximum allowable matting of 24 cm plus one additional skill cushion of up to 8 inches, effective August 1, 1996.

Motion - D. Franz Second - C. Jarrett PASSED

VII. Injury Petitions Clarification: Injury petitions to Regionals may be considered for athletes competing in less than four events at a State meet. Petitions to state and regionals may be considered for the following reasons: 1) Athlete illness or injury; 2) Family tragedy (eg. ,death or natural disaster)

Motion - L. Goldsmith Second - J. Geddert PASSED

NOTE. Clarification: Any athlete who has qualified to State, Regionals or Nationals will be allowed to participate, provided thatthey are capable of performing at least one event. In this case, they must present and touch each apparatus in order to receive a score of "zero" at the events in which they are unable to compete. The scores received by this individual may also contribute to the "club", "state" or "regional" team score.

VIII. Level 9 East/West Championships Motion to conduct an East and West Level 9 Championships, beginning in 1997.

Motion- K. Hill Second - C. Jarrett DEFEATED - (3-3-2)

Motion to conduct an East and West Level 9 Championships, beginning in 1998.

Motion - K. Hill Second - C. Jarrett PASSED - (6-2*-0) *Regions 4 and 5

IX. Master Workshop K. Kelly discussed the time commitments and contracts that will be forthcoming to the committee members.

X. Mobility from the present 1992· 1997 cycle into the new 1997· 2001 cycle

Motion to allow athletes to follow the present mobility rules to gain entry into the new cycle beginning in August 1997. Once they have entered a USA Gymnastics sanctioned event after August 1, 1997, they must follow any mobility rules for the 1997-2001 cycle.

Motion - D. Franz Second - B. Hough PASSED

XI. PREP Optional The PREP Optional age requirement was discussed, but no changes were made. Motion to allow the State Board to determine any compositional guidelines as needed to service their PREP Optional program.

Motion - E. Wulf Second - C. Jarrett PASSED

XII. State Team Competitions An athlete that transfers to a different gym (regardless of the time of

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Women's Minutes

transfer) is eligible to compete for her new team and her scores may contribute to the team score.

Motion - J. Geddert Second - K. Hill PASSED

XIII. Membership Program Presentation S. Whi tlock and L. Keru1edy reviewed the new membership proposals and asked for the committee's ideas and concerns.

XIV. Ranking of Judges Ranking of judges for Regional and National meets by the State and Regional Boards was discussed.

Each committee member reviewed the procedures in their region for determining which judges will be recommended fo r Regional and National meets. This issue w ill discussed at the State Chairman's workshop.

XV. Overlapping compulsory and optional seasons The committee discussed some of the problems in regards to state calendars that are not conducive to allowing the athletes mobility in more than one level in the same competitive year. This topic will also be discussed a t the June State Chairman's workshop.

XVI. Meet Director Certification Motion that effective immediately, anyone currently certified as a Meet Director will retain this certification indefinitely. Anyone who does not currently have a Meet Director certification and is interested in hosting a sanctioned USAG Women's event must pass the Meet Director exam found in the appendix of the Rilles and Policies.

Motion - B. Hough Second - D. Franz PASSED

XVII. Skill Evaluator Certification Effective immediately, any individual who is currently certified as a Skill Evaluator and/or as a PDP-II coach are not required to re-certify as a Skill Evaluator in the new quadrennium. Persons who are not certified as a Skill Evaluator or as a PDP-II coach by August 1,1997 must pass the 1997-2001 Skill Evaluator exam in order to sign new Level 5 membership applications in the new cycle.

Motion - J. Geddert Second - D. Franz PASSED

XVIII. 1996·1999 Calendar 1997

Level 10 State Level 10 Regionals J.O. Nationals (Jr & Sr.) Nat'! USA Champ/Congress

1998

Level 10 State Level 10 Regionals

J. O. Nationals (Jr & Sr.) L. 9 East/West

1999

Level 10 State Level 10 Regionals J. O. Nationals L. 9 East/West

March 22-23

April 12-13

May 1-4

August 14-17

March 28-29

April 18-19

May 7-9

May 16-17

March 27-28

April 16-18

May 6-9

May 14-16

Orlando, FL Denver, CO

Seattle, WA

XIX. Guidance for state boards in regards to petitions The committee w ill write up some guidelines for the State Boards when considering petitions to drop back a level. This will also be discussed at the June Sta te Chairman's workshop.

XX. Review of the proposed compulsory music and the finalized LevelS & 6 elements

XXI. The next meeting is scheduled for September 27·29 in Indianapolis

Meeting adjourned Monday, May 6 at 10:30 p.m.

Approved by Kathy San/an, President

May, 1996

NATIONAL ELITE PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Colorado Springs, CO

May 18, 1996 (revised 5/30/96)

Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII EPCC ETC JOPCC WABC WPA

David McCreary Brad Loan Tom Forster Jim Chudy Mary Lee Tracy Byron Knox Gary Anderson Ray Gnat Roc Kreutzer Audrey Schweyer TomKoll Kathy FeldmalU1 Kathy Kelly

Meeting called to order at 4:30 p.m.

I. Approval of Minutes Recommendation to approve the minutes from the last meeting and the conference call as published.

Motion - J. Chudy Second - T. Forster PASSED

I I. Elite Qualification and Competition Rules for 1997 Recommendation to approve the chart of Elite Qualification and Competition Rules for 1997.

Motion - T. Forster Second - B. Knox PASSED

III. 1996 Junior International Team Recommendation that the 1996 Junior International Team be increased to 20.

Motion - T. Forster Second - G. Anderson PASSED

The team size cannot be amended at this time. The national office thanks the committee for their recommendation and will add to the numbers of the Junior International Team as needed.

IV. Elite Calendar March 2,1997 March 16,1997 March 20-23,1997 April 4 -6,1997 June 15, 1997

Last day for International Regionals (first season) Last Day for National Elite Regionals (first season) American Classic American Challenge Last Day for National Elite Regionals (second

season)

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt

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I

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Women's Minutes

June 27-29,1997 July 13, 1997

season)

u.s. Challenge Last Day for International Regionals (second

July 25-27, 1997 U.s .Classic/National Gymnastics Festival August 13-17,1997 Coca-Cola National Championships/National

Congress (Denver, CO)

V. TOPs Program Warren explain the changes in the TOPs Testing Program. TOPs National Testing is the firs t weekend in October and the National Training Camp is the first week in December. CLARIFICATION: If any elite athlete (international or national level) participates in both the testing and optionals at the regional meets and receives the qualification score to the Classic or the Challenge, she MAY NOT go back to the J.O. Program and then use the optional Elite qualifying score. If an athlete does participate in a J.O. competition after achieving an optional Elite qualifying score, that optional Elite score does not count towards qualifica tion into Classic or Challenge. Therefore, the athlete must re-qualify for any subsequent Classic or Challenge competitions. An athlete MAY compete the testing program in the 1st season and combine the testing score with an optional score in the second season for q ualifica tion to the U.s. Classic or U.S .Challenge.

VI. Clinics/Training Camps The National Team Staff will be available to each region for two national elite clinics for a three day training camp. These camps are for national elite athletes and TOPs National Team Member within the regions. Kathy asked that each region to present three dates in Dec.-March and three dates in May­July to the office so that a national calendar can be developed.

VII. Committee Vice Chair R. Kreutzer asked the committee to appoint Gary Anderson as the Vice Chairman. The committee voted unanimously to do so.

VIII. Minimum Scores from Testing Program Motion that any athlete entering the International Level for the first time must pass the testing program at a 35.00 (with a minimum of a 7.0 on each phase) at a Regional Meet or sanctioned regional clinic during the current season

Motion - M.L. Tracy Second - B. Knox PASSED

IX. Equipment Motion to allow the use of a "sting mat" on Floor Exercise in the Senior

International level for 1997 season. Motion - M.L. Tracy Second - D. McCreary PASSED

CLARIFICATION: If the boundary lines are obstructed by the use of a sting mat on floor exercise, the judges will be instructed to use their bes t estimate regarding line violations. The committee requests that two sting mats are provided for Floor Exercise.

X. Elite Vaulting Test Gymnasts have the option of using one additional 8" skill cushion in the landing area for all the vault tests. Motion to amendment the Handspring Vault for Elite Testing Deduction: Failure to maintain vertical body position until hands touch the mat up to -0.3 for not arriving in vertical

Motion - M.L. Tracy Second - G. Anderson PASSED

XI. Elite Testing Score Motion that the Elite Testing score can be obtained at any Regional Elite Meet or a sanctioned Regional Elite Clinic.

Motion - T. Forster Second - G. Anderson PASSED

Xll. Junior Pan American Team Motion that the Junior Pan American Team be directly qualified to 1997 USA Championships Ounior or Senior International)

Motion - T. Forster Second - M.L. Tracy PASSED

XIII. Adjournment Motion to adjourn.

Motion - T. Forster Second - B. Loan PASSED

The committee conducted a Conference Call on May 30, 1996 to correct the minutes.

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Division

Rules

Format

National Elite Testing

Qualify to Classics or Challenges

Qualify to Nat'l Championships or Gymnastics Festival

National Team

Women's Minutes

WOMEN'S 1997 ELITE QUALIFICATION PROCEDURES

Senior Junior Senior Junior Children International International National National National

(15 yrs.-over) (12-15 yrs.) (15 yrs.-over) (11 -14 yrs.) (11 -12 yrs.)

Competition III Competition III Com peti tion II Competition II Competition I

All Optionals All Optionals All Optionals Opt./Testing Opt. / Testing

Regionals: Regionals: Regionals: Regionals: Regionals: 1 round Opt. 1 round Opt. 1 round Opt. 1 round Opt. 1 round Opt.

Classics: Round 1 = Classics: Round 1 = Challenges: Challenges: Challenges: AA & Qualifying AA & qualifying 1 round Opt. Opt = 60% Opt = 60% Round 2 = Event Round 2 = Event Testing = 40 % Testing = 40% Finals Finals

Nat'! Championships: Nat'! Champs: 2 Gymnastics Festival: Gymnastics Festival: Gynu1astics Festival: 2 rounds Opt. rounds Opt. 1 round Opt. 1 round Opt. 1 round Opt.

Combine scores for Combine scores for AA ranking 50%-50% AA ranking 50%-50%

New New New National Elites: New National Elites: New National Elites: International Elites International Elites: 34.00 one time 34.00 one time 33.00 one time

35.00 one time 35.00 one time - no individual - no individual - no individual testing phase testing phase testing phase

No individual testing No individual testing under 7.00 under 7.00 under 6.50

phase under 7.00 phase under 7.00 * must retest to move * must retest to move * must retest to move from National to from National to to Jr. Nat. or Sr. Nat. International and International and and achieve National achieve International achieve International score requiremen t score requirement score requirement

* must retest to move from National to International and achieve International score requirement

Regional to Classics: Regional to Classics: Regional to Regional to Regional to 36.00 Opt. AA (40 35.00 Opt. AA (40 Challenges: Challenges: Challenges: guar/34.00 AA min.) guar/33.00 AA min.) 35.00 Opt. AA 35.00 Opt. AA 34.00 Opt. AA

Automatically Automatically qualified: 1996 Nat'! Qualified: 1996 Nat'! Champs participants Champs. participants

To Nat'! Champs: To Nat'! Champs: To National To National To National Gynmastics Festival: Gymnastics Festival: Gynmastics Festival:

Am. Classic: top 10 Am. Classic: top 10 American American American Classic Challenge: top 4 Challenge: top S Challenge: top 4

u.s. Classic: next 14 U.s. Classic: next 14 U.S. Challenge: next 4 U.s. Challenge: next S U.s. Challenge: next 4

Automatically Automatically qualified: 1996 Qualified: 1996 Olympic Team (or) Jr. Pan American 1996 Jr. Pan Team American Team

Top 20 from Nat'! Top 20 from United Training Squad = Training Squad = Training Squad = Cham pionshi ps States Champs. the S at Gynmastics the 16 at the Sat

Festival Gynmastics Festival Gymnastics Festival

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt o A 4S

Calendar

Dote Days Discipline Event Location Contact Phone

.JULY 1996

13 1 M Pre-Olympic Exhibition Greensboro, NC 13 5 MWR FIG Congress Atlanta, GA Gary Alexander 317-237 -5050 20 11 MW Games of the XXVlth Olympiad Atlanta, GA Gary Alexander 317-237-5050 20 1 M Men's Team Compulsory (Ia) Atlanta, GA 21 1 W Women's Team Compulsory (la) Atlanta, GA 22 1 M Men's Team Optionals (Ib) Atlanta, GA

I 23 1 W Women's Team Optionals (Ib) Atlanta, GA ., 24 1 M Men's Individual All-Around (II) Atlanta, GA 25 1 W Women's Individual All-Around (II) Atlanta, GA

A 28 1 MW Event Finals: Men-FX, PH, SR; Women-V, UB Atlanta, GA 46 29 1 MW Event Finals: Men-V, PB, HB; Women-BB, FX Atlanta, GA

30 1 MW Olympic Gymnastics Gala Atlanta, GA

AUGUST 1996

1 4 R Games of the XXXVlth Olympiad Atlanta, GA Gary Alexander 317-237-5050 1 1 R Group/ Individual All-Around Athens, GA 2 1 R Individual All-Around and Group Finals Athens, GA 3 1 R Individual All -Around Semi Finals Athens, GA 4 1 R Individual All-Around Finals Athens, GA 9 3 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Region IV Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237- 5050 9 3 MW Region IV Congress TBD George Grainger 414-375-0430 15 4 W J.O. National Team Training Camp - USOTC Colo. Spgs., CO Connie Maloney 317-237-5050 22 3 MW Region V Congress Bailie Creek, MI Cindy Scharnes 616-963-4770 23 3 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Bailie Creek, MI Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 23 1 MWR PDP 11- ASEP Coaching Principles Course Bailie Creek, MI Norbert Bendixen 23 1 MWR PDP 11- ASEP Coaching Principles Course Port Jervis, NY Taro Yamaguchi 201-316-2507 24 1 MWR PDP I Video Clinic Port Jervis, NY Taro Yamaguchi 201-316-2507 TBD MWR Post Olympic Tour TBA

SEPTEMBER 1 996

6 4 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Austin, TX Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 6 4 MW GAT (Congress) Austin, TX Cheryl Jarrell 512-251-2439 13 2 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop San Jose, CA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 13 2 MW Region I Congress San Jose, CA Chere Crowhurst 408-238-7245 20 MW Region II Congress Seallle, WA Ruth Sandoz 503-531-9492 20 3 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Seallle, WA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 24 1 MWR PDP I Video Clinic New York, NY Heather Stout 314-256-4500 28 2 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Buffalo Grove, Il Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050

OCTOBER 1996

3 4 W National TOP Testing - at USOTC Colo. Spgs., CO Gary Warren 317-237-5050 11 3 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Athens, GA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 11 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Williamsburg, VA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 11 3 MW Region VII Congress Williamsburg, GA Jan Greenhawk 410-226-5943 11 4 MW Region VIII Congress Athens, GA Hoylene Noble 770-386-2933 12 2 R J.O. Group Championships Downers Grove, Il Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 18 1 MWR USA Gymnastics Executive Commillee Meeting Indianapolis, IN Julie Bejin 317-237-5050 19 2 MWR USA Gymnastics Board of Directors Meeting Indianapolis, IN Julie Bejin 317-237-5050 24 4 MW Region VI Congress Boxboro, MA Kathy Feldmann 617-784-5830 24 4 MWR Kinder Ameditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Boxboro, MA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050

NOVEMBER 1 996 4 7 W FIG Women 's Intercontinental Judges' Course Athens, GA Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 12 6 MW Pacific Alliance Championships Kuala lumpur, MAS Gary Alexander 317-237-5050 23 8 R FIG/ RSG Intercontinental Judges' Course lahti, FIN Nora Campbell 317-237-5050

DECEMBER 1996 3 7 MWR PAGU Junior Championships Guatemala City, GUA 3 7 MWR PAGU Congress Guatemala City, GUA 5 4 W National TOP Training Camp Tulsa, OK Gary Warren 317-237-5050 6 3 MWR National Gym Fest- at Disneyland Annaheim, Calif. Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 8 8 M FIG Intercontinental Judges Course Seallle, WA Ron Galimore 317-237-5050 20 2 MW Israel's Open Gymn. Champ. (Peace Tournament) Tel-Aviv, ISR

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

Safety Certification

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES Minimum age for Safeh) Certification is 18 years

JULY 14 VT, 9:30 o.m.-l:30 p.m.

Course Dir: Woody Clifton 802-863-4714 19 North Conton, OH; 4:00-8:00 p.m.

In conjunction with YMCA Greotlokes Zones Gymnostics Clinic North Conton YMCA Gymn. Ctr.; 12005 Clevelond Ave. N.W.; Uniontown, 44685 locol Contoct: Mortho Miller 614-777-8105 mornings Course Dir: Bobbi Montonori 614-777-5057; 614-457-1279

20 Pembrook Pines, Flo; 3:00-7:00 p.m. Pork Avenue Gymn. loco I Contoct: Pom Greenburg 954-437-3299 Course Dir: Morci levine 305-861-8753

28 Son Antonio, TX; 2:00-6:00 p.m. The Uttle Gym; 8425 Bondro Rd; Suite #156; 78250 loco I Contoet: Pom Dovenport 210-521-4966 Course Director: Rondy McCoy

1----------Participation Registration Form

26, 27 or 28 Indy Cooches Meeting Course Dir: Borry Dubuque 812-482-4800

AUGUST 9,10, or 11 - Omoho, NE; Time: TBA

Host Hotel with Region IV Congress locol Contoct: George Groinger 414-375-0430 Course Dir: TBA North Bend, WA; 2:00-6:00 p.m. Site: TBA Course Dir: leigh Eoton 360-577-6274

16 Pittsburgh, PA; 10:00 0.m.-3:00 p.m. Notionol School of Gymn locol Contoct: Jon Delmer 412-279-4344 Course Dir: Jeonette Joy 412-279-4344

17 Stroudsburg, PA; 1 :00-5:00 p.m. Internotionol Gym Comp; 717-629-0244 Course Dir: Phil Fronk 609-786-3977

Minimum age for Safety Certification is 18 years

Name: Mr./Mrs. /Ms. ________________ __ _

Soc. Sec. #: _ ____________ Birthdate: _____ _

Address: ______________________ _

City: _ ___________ State: Zip ____ _

Telephone: (H) ________ (W) ________ _

Course Director: _ ___________________ _

Course Location: _____ _ ______ __ Date: ____ _

Organization Represented: ________________ _

F T rSA Gymnastics Member, and Number ___________ _

_11 of Payment: 0 Check 0 Visa 0 Mastercard 0 AmExp 0 Discover

Name on Card: _____________________ _

Number: _______________________ _

22 Bottle Creek, MI; Reg V Congress locol contoct: Cindy Schornes 616-963-4770 Course Dir: Jerry Reighord 517-828-5604 or 517-774-6696

24 BBoise, 10; 8:00 o.m.-12:00 noon Gem Stote Gymnostics Acodemy 5420 W. Stote; 83703 Course Dir: Jim Tighe 208- 853- 1808

FALL BA NJ; Time: TBA

Homilton Gymnostics, Gymnostics Unlimited Course Dir: Cothy Finkel 201-586-1 808

OCTOBER 4 Fl; 6:00-10:00 p.m.

In conjunction with Gemini Cup Invitotionol Site: TBA Course Dir: Korl Bishop 813-447-2108

Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300,201 S_ Capitol, India­napolis, IN 46225

T696 ~xpiration Date: ___ Signature: _________________ ___ J

June 1996 TECHNIQUE

11 Williomsburg, VA; 6:00-10:00 p.m. George Woshington Inn; In conjunction with Region VII Mini-Congress Course Dir: Billy Bob Toylor 301-344-3279

13 Richmond, VA; 1:00-5:00 p.m. Richmond Olympiod Gymnostics; 10701 Trode Rd; 23236 locol Contoct: Judy Show 804-794-2813 Course Dir: Billy Bob Toylor 301-344-3279

All ma terials (induding the Safety Handbook) for 3rd Cycle courses are provided at the course and are part of the course fee.

Certification is good for four years.

The course/ examination is $100. USA Gymnastics Professional Members is $75. For groups of at least 10, contact the USA Gym­nas tics Department of Educa­tional Services and Safety.

To achieve Safety Certification, the participant must be at least 18 years of age at the time of the course_

"iliA GYMNASTICS

tt

" A 47

Non-profit Organization US. Postage

PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, IN

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