TECHNICAL BULLETIN

DuPont™ Steward®

insecticide

Outstanding Plant Protection

Technical Bulletin

Table of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Key Characteristics of DuPont™ Steward® Insecticide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Mode of Action on Insects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Symptoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Translaminar Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Insects Controlled by Steward® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Managing Insect Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Water and Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Crop Residue Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Crop Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Current U.S. Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Spray Tank Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Environmental Fate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Behavior in Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Rate of degradation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Sorption to soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Behavior in Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Hydrolysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Degradation in water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Photostability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Volitization Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Ionization Potential (pKa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Behavior in Plants and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Metabolism in plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Metabolism in animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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Environmental Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Acute Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Chronic and Subchronic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Mutagenicity and Genetic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Avian Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Aquatic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Toxicity to Beneficial Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Toxicity to Bees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Material Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Health, Safety and Handling Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Fire and Explosion Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Extinguishing Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Fire Fighting Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Disposal Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Spills, Leaks and Releases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Pesticide Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Container Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Shipping Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Storage Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Personal Precautions, Symptoms and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Warning/Poisoning Symptoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Personal Protective Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Medical Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Notice of Warranty/Disclaimer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover

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Introduction

Indoxacarb, the active ingredient in DuPont™ Steward®

insecticide, is a broad-spectrum lepidoptera insecti-cide that also has activity on selected other pests.The major insect pests controlled by Steward® includemany lepidopteran pests such as species of budworms, armyworms, cutworms, loopers, andcloverworms. In addition to controlling numerousother lepidopteran species, Steward® also controlsselected sucking insect pests including fleahoppersand tarnished plant bug.

Indoxacarb represents a new class of insecticides —the oxidiazines — and is designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency as a“reduced-risk” pesticide. The EPA defines a reducedrisk pesticide as having one or more of the followingadvantages over existing products: low impact onhuman health, low toxicity to non-target organisms(birds, fish and plants), low potential for groundwatercontamination, lower use rates, low pest resistancepotential and compatibility with Integrated Pest Management programs.

The primary route of entry into target insects isthrough ingestion, although the product also isabsorbed through the cuticle. Steward® has a novelmode of action that blocks the movement of sodiumions into certain nerve cell ion channels, resulting inparalysis and death of the pest species. Steward® typi-cally provides excellent crop protection for 5 to 14days. Inhibition of insect feeding occurs very rapidlyresulting in quick crop protection. Pest knockdownusually occurs within 1 to 3 days.

Steward® has an excellent toxicological and ecotoxi-cological profile. Low use rates reduce environmentalloading, particularly when compared to

organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates. Steward®

also has relatively low toxicity to mammals and birdswhen used in accordance with the labels. The novelmode of action and its minimal impact on beneficialinsects and mites makes Steward® an excellent choicefor Insecticide Resistance Management and IntegratedPest Management programs.

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF DUPONTTM STEWARD®

� Broad-spectrum lepidopteran insecticide that alsocontrols other insect pests including alfalfa weevillarvae, Egyptian alfalfa weevil larvae, cotton flea-hopper and tarnished plant bug.

� Steward® is used primarily as a larvicide. It alsohas activity on eggs (ovilarvicidal) and adults ofmany insect pest species.

� Novel mode of action; useful in insecticide resistance management programs.

� Excellent crop safety on all targeted crops.

� Favorable comparative environmental and ecological profile; minimal impact to beneficialinsects and mites.

� Steward® is resistant to washoff by rainfall oroverhead irrigation.

� Exhibits excellent ultraviolet and spray tank stabil-ity and unlike some insecticides has a positivetemperature correlation providing consistency ofcontrol and residual activity.

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Physical and Chemical PropertiesCOMMON NAME: Indoxacarb

Indoxacarb is the common name of the active ingredient in DuPont™ Steward®

insecticide. The DuPont designation for indoxacarb is DPX-KN128. Two otherDuPont designations used in this document are DPX-MP062 and DPX-JW062.DPX-MP062 is a compound composed of a 75:25 ratio of two optical isomers,DPX-KN128 (indoxacarb) and DPX-KN127, the insecticidally inactive isomer. DPX-JW062 is composed of a 50:50 ratio of DPX-KN128:DPX-KN127.

CHEMICAL NAME: (S)-methyl 7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine 4a(3H) carboxylate

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 173584-44-6

STRUCTURAL FORMULA:

EMPIRICAL FORMULA: C22H17ClF3N3O7

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 527.8

PHYSICAL FORM: Solid

COLOR: White

ODOR: Mild, Innocuous

RELATIVE DENSITY: 1.44 at 20ºC

SOLUBILITY IN WATER: 0.20 ppm at 25ºC

VOLATILITY: 2.5 x 10-8 Pa at 25ºC

FORMULATION STABILITY: Steward® was stable at room temperature for up to one year and for two weeks ina standard accelerated aging test at 54ºC.

pH STABILITY: In the laboratory, indoxacarb, the active ingredient in Steward®, is hydrolyticallystable in slightly acidic solutions, but hydrolyzes rapidly under neutral and basicconditions. In the field, tank mixes of Steward® are stable under a wide range ofpH conditions.

O

CH3

O

F

F

F

N

NN

O

OCH3

O

O

O

Cl

4

APPROXIMATE SOLUBILITY AT 25º C PPM

n-heptane 1720

1-octanol 14500

methanol 103000

o-xylene 117000

acetonitrile 138000

ethyl acetate 159000

acetone >250000

dichloromethane >250000

FormulationDUPONT™ STEWARD® INSECTICIDE

Active Ingredient: Indoxacarb (14.5%)

Density: 1.039 g/mL

Color: Ivory

Dilutability: Disperses in water

Mode of Action on Insects

The active ingredient in DuPont™ Steward®,indoxacarb, works by inhibiting sodium ion entry intonerve cells, resulting in paralysis and death of targeted pests. The primary route of entry is throughingestion of treated foliage, with some additionalabsorption through the pest cuticle. Pests exposed toSteward® stop feeding within 0-4 hours. Paralysis anddeath occur within 4-48 hours.

Insects exposed to Steward® exhibit the followingsymptoms:

� Feeding cessation

� Uncoordination

� Paralysis

Indoxacarb has shown ovilarvicidal activity in all lepidopteran species tested. Direct spray onto the eggis preferable to eggs being laid on a spray deposit.Laboratory data indicate that the probable mechanismof ovilarvicidal activity is due to adsorption of indoxacarb into the chorion and subsequent oraluptake as the neonate chews through the chorion tohatch. At this point the larva ingests a dose of indoxacarb that is sufficient to affect the feedingbehavior of the larva thus stopping all feeding activityleaving the larva to die within the egg. Occasionally,eggs can be seen with the head of the neonate larvaeprotruding.

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SYMPTOMS OF INTOXICATED INSECTS

Insects exposed to indoxacarb exhibit unique symp-toms that are helpful in diagnosing affected insects,determining field performance and scheduling appli-cations. After ingesting or being directly sprayed withan indoxacarb formulation, insects will stop feedingwithin a few minutes to 4 hours. The higher thelabeled dose, the faster feeding stops. Insects gradually become less mobile and may show slighttremors to convulsions. In lepidoptera, the larva’s prolegs and posterior become paralyzed. During thisphase, insects lose their ability to feed and do notrecover even after only brief encounters with a toxicdose. High temperatures increase desiccation andspeed of kill. Unlike some insecticides, indoxacarbexhibits a positive temperature correlation. Affectedinsects can stay alive for 4-48 hours depending on thedose of indoxacarb and susceptibility of the insect. Itis recommended that mortality evaluations should beconducted after 72 hours post treatment. Crop protec-tion ratings also should be taken. The ability to

DuPont™ Steward® provides quick crop protection from Helicoverpa zea larvae at the low rate of 0.5 ppm. At 30 hours post-treatmentthe majority of larvae are severely affected shown by their typical smaller, shrunken size compared to larvae exposed to leaves treatedwith spinosad at the same dose. The Steward® treated larvae, although still alive, are unable to feed and will die within 48 to 72 hoursafter exposure.

Indoxacarb treated leaves Spinosad treated leaves

0 2 4 6 8 10 14 18 24 36 48

Exposure: ingestion, spray or residual contact

Na+ channels blocked; feeding stops (0-4 hrs)

Inactive, partial paralysis, effects

Difficult to diagnose dying insects

Insect mortality occurs (4-48 hrs)

Do not assess populations within this time

Hours post treatment:

Indoxacarb Impact on Insects

diagnose a dying insect within the first 24 hours canbe difficult since they remain still or sluggish. Howev-er, even though they may still be alive, insectsexposed to a lethal dose quickly stop feeding. Thiseffect is irreversible. Insects exposed to a sublethaldose eat much less than untreated larvae. They alsodevelop slower, gain less weight, pupate and emergelater than untreated insects. Uncoordinated insectsmay fall off the plant and desiccate, drown or becomesubject to predation.

6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

No Rain 0.5" of Rain 2.0" of Rain

Amount of Rain

% M

ort

alit

y

Steward® @ 125 gr. ai/ha

Mean mortality of tobacco budworm larvae fed leaves removed from cotton plants sprayed with Steward® and exposed to 0.5" and 2.0" of artificial rainfall. Mean mortality based on leaves collected two hours after artificial rainfall.

Rainfastness of Steward®

TRANSLAMINAR ACTIVITY, CONTROL OF

SUCKING INSECTS AND RESISTANCE TO

WASHOFF

Indoxacarb is highly lipophilic and absorbs into thewaxy cuticle of leaves. Research shows thatDuPont™ Steward® is moderately translaminar, particularly when tank mixed with a penetrating oil-based surfactant and given time to penetrate theleaf. The rate and extent of penetration vary depending on crop, leaf cuticle, variety, temperature,humidity and tank-mix partner. Leaf penetration by

indoxacarb results in control of fleahopper, lygusbugs, plant bug, alfalfa weevil larvae and Egyptianweevil larvae. Indoxacarb’s movement into the leafprovides good residual activity under varied weatherconditions. Leaf penetration, in addition to low watersolubility, gives indoxacarb excellent rainfastness relative to most labeled products. This allows growersadditional flexibility and control at labeled ratesdespite rainfall occurring just a few hours after application.

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Alfalfa caterpillar Colias eurytheme

Alfalfa weevil larvae Hypera postica

American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella

Bean pod borer Maruca testulalis

Beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua

Borer (Pyralidae) Leucinodes orbonalis

Bruce spanworm Operophtera brumata

Cabbage armyworm Trichoplusia ni

Cabbage webworm Hellula rogatalis

Codling moth Cydia pomonella

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Corn earworm Helicoverpa zea

Cotton bollworm Helicoverpa zea

Cotton fleahopper Pseudatomoscelis seriatus

Cotton leafroller Sylepta derogata

Cotton leafworm Alabama argillacea

Cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis

Cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura

Cotton semilooper Cosmophila fava

Cross striped cabbageworm Evergestis rimosalis

Diamondback moth Plutella xylostella

Egyptian alfalfa weevil larvae Hypera brunnipennis

European apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea

European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

Fruit tree tortrix Archips podana

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INSECTS CONTROLLED

Indoxacarb is active against a wide spectrum of insectpests from at least ten orders and over 30 families.Lepidopteran insects represent the majority of pestson the indoxacarb labels, but it also controls manyspecies of plant bugs, leafhoppers, fleahoppers, weevils, beetles and flies. Refer to product labels forspecific insects controlled, appropriate use rates, andapplication timing information.

The following chart is an international list of thecommon and scientific names of many of the pestscontrolled. Please consult the appropriate countrylabel for complete registration information and directions for use.

Based on extensive DuPont and university studies,indoxacarb has demonstrated control of the followinginsect pests.

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COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Granulate cutworm Agrotis subterranea

Grape berry moth Lobesia botrana

Grape bud moth Eupoecilia ambiguella

Green cloverworm Plathypena scabra

Green fruitworm Lithophane antennata

Imported cabbageworm Pieris rapae

Lacanobia fruitworm Lacanobia subjuncta

Large white butterfly Pieris brassicae

Leafrollers Ctenopseustis spp.

Leafrollers Planotortrix spp.

Leaf-rolling grape tortrix Sparganothis pilleriana

Lesser appleworm Grapholita prunivora

Light brown apple moth Epiphyas

Lygus bugs* Lygus hesperus

Omnivorous leafroller Sabulodes caberata

Oriental cabbage webworm Hellula undalis

Oriental fruit moth Cydia molesta

Pandemis leafroller Conotrachelus nenuphar

Polyphagous leaf roller Argyrotaenia pulchellana

Potato leafhopper Empoasca fabae

Potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella

Redbanded leafroller Argyrotaenia velutinana

Red bollworm Diparopsis watersi

Rednecked peanut worm Stegasta bosqueella

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Silver-Y moth Autographa gamma

Southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania

Soybean looper Pseudoplusia includens

Spiney bollworm Earias spp.

Spotted tentiform Phyllonorycterleafminer* blancardella

Summer fruit tortrix Adoxophyes orana

Tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris

Tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens

Tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa zea

Tomato hornworm Manduca quinquemaculata

Tomato pinworm Keiferia lycopersicella

Tufted apple budmoth Platynota idaeusalis

Variegated leafhopper Erythroneura variabilis

Velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis

Western grape leafhopper Erythroneura elegantula

Western grapeleaf Harrisina brilliansskeletonizer

Western yellow striped Spodoptera praeficaarmyworm

White apple leafhopper Typhlocyba pomeria

Yellow striped armyworm Spodoptera ornithogalli

* Suppression only

9

Managing Insect Resistance

Some insects are known to develop resistance toproducts when used repeatedly for control. When thisoccurs, the recommended dosages fail to suppressthe pest population below the economic threshold.Because the development of resistance cannot bepredicted, the use of this product should conform toresistance management strategies established for theuse area. These strategies should include:

� Follow DuPont™ Steward® label.

� Optimize spray coverage.

� Position Steward® in Integrated Pest ManagementPrograms incorporating cultural and biologicalcontrol practices.

� Target susceptible life stage.

� Do not tank mix if a single product can controlthe pest.

� Do not use Steward® below the recommendeduse rate.

� Rotate insecticide classes that have differentmodes of action on succeeding insect pest generations.

Consult your local agricultural authorities for details.

Analytical Methods

Currently, there are no published methods availablefor Steward® insecticide. Currently recommendedinternal DuPont methods are described in the reportslisted below:

RESIDUE

FDA multi-residue Protocol D procedure with modifiedFlorisil clean up is applicable to the analysis of cropmatrices for residues of DPX-MP062. DuPont ReportNos. AMR 2712-93 and AMR 3493-95, Supplement 4are single analyte methods that can be used to con-firm any residues that might be found by FDA Proto-col D in crops and related processed fractions. AMR2712-93 can be used to monitor residues in crops(except alfalfa) with confirmation using AMR 3493-95,Supplement 4. AMR 3493, Supplement 4 is theenforcement procedure for alfalfa.

WATER

Environmental Chemistry Method for the Determina-tion of DPX-KN128/IN-KN127 Residues in Water UsingGC-ECD, DuPont Report No. AMR 3052-94.

SOIL

Environmental Chemistry Method for the Determina-tion of DPX-KN-128 Residues in Soil Using GC-MSD,DuPont Report No. AMR 4367-97, Revision 1.

CROP RESIDUE OVERVIEW

Definition of Toxic Residue/Crop Residue Methods:Indoxacarb and its R-isomer are considered the relevant analytes in the total toxic residue.

10

Crop Safety

DuPont™ Steward® insecticide has been found to benonphytotoxic to a wide range of crops when used atlabeled rates. Refer to product labels for proper useson all crops.

Current U.S. Tolerances

The following chart provides the current EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) — established tolerances forSteward® insecticide (indoxacarb) in or on raw agricultural commodities (RACs). The tolerances areexpressed in parts per million (ppm) of indoxacarband its R-isomer. Refer to product label for registeredcrop uses.

RAC PPM

Alfalfa, forage 10

Alfalfa, hay 50

Animal meat 0.05

Animal fat 1.5

Animal by-products 0.03

Cotton gin by-products 15

Cotton, undelinted seed 2

Milk 0.15

Milk fat 4

Peanut 0.01

Peanut, hay 40

Soybean, aspirated grain fractions 45

Soybean, hulls 4

Soybean, seed 0.8

Compatibility

Steward® has proven to be compatible with manypotential tank-mix partners when added to the tank inthe proper sequence. However, since formulationsmay be changed and new ones introduced, it is rec-ommended that users premix a small quantity of adesired tank mix and observe for possible adversechanges (settling out, flocculation, etc.). Avoid mix-tures of several materials and very concentrated spraymixtures. Do not add oils, surfactants or emulsifiableconcentrates prior to dry formulations since they willprevent adequate wetting and dispersion of the dryproduct. When tank mixing Steward® with any otherapproved pesticide, always read and follow all usedirections, restrictions and precautions of bothSteward® and the tank-mix partner(s) labels. Whentank mixing, the most restrictive label applies.

Follow the order specified on the product label. If nosequence is recommended then follow this order:

1. Water soluble bags

2. Water dispersible granules

3. Wettable powders

4. Water based suspension concentrates

5. Water soluble concentrates

6. STEWARD® and other oil based suspensionconcentrates

7. Emulsifiable concentrates

8. Adjuvants, surfactants, oils

9. Soluble fertilizers

10. Drift retardants

DO NOT add oils, surfactants or ECs prior to dry formulations since they will prevent adequate wettingand dispersion of the dry products.

11

STEWARD® SPRAY TANK STABILITY

Pesticides should be applied as soon as possible fol-lowing preparation to avoid the possibility of productdegradation. However, equipment breakdown, suddenrain, high winds and other environmental factors candelay or interrupt insecticide applications. When anapplication must be postponed, the unused spraysolution may be left sitting in the equipment until thesituation improves enough to continue with the application.

The chemical stability of a pesticide in a spray tank isprimarily dependent on the temperature and the spraymix pH. DuPont™ Steward® exhibits excellent tank sta-bility under a wide range of pH. In addition, spray tanktemperature did not affect Steward® stability over thestandard tested range of 35 to 115 F. Many insecti-cides do not exhibit this wide degree of temperaturestability.

The graphs are only relevant to indoxacarb and donot apply to any added tank-mix partner. In all cases,spray mixes should be thoroughly agitated to re-mixthe products and then checked for re-suspension toensure that the mixture is properly blended beforeapplication.

This information is intended as a guide for under-standing the tank stability of Steward® and is not to beused to determine if, or how much, pesticide shouldbe added to an existing spray mix after a time delay,or as a guide to determine how far in advance a spraymix can be prepared.

0 1 2 3Days

% R

emai

ning

80

90

100

0 1 2 3Days

% R

emai

ning

80

90

100

0 1 2 3Days

% R

emai

ning

80

90

100

Steward® remaining in tank held @ 35-40 F

Steward® remaining in tank held @ 75-80 F

Steward® remaining in tank held @ 110-115 F

pH = 5

pH = 7

pH = 9

pH = 5

pH = 7

pH = 9

pH = 5

pH = 7

pH = 9

12

Environmental Fate

Studies show that indoxacarb has a very low impacton the environment when applied according to labeldirections. The environmental fate studies were per-formed using either DPX-MP062 or DPX-JW062.

BEHAVIOR IN SOIL

Metabolism

DPX-MP062 (containing ~75% indoxacarb) and DPX-JW062 (~50% indoxacarb) degrade rapidly in laboratory soil studies to numerous products. Themajor routes of degradation in these soils proceededby two pathways: cleavage of the N-carboxylate esterto form IN-JT333 and cleavage of the oxadiazine ringto form IN-KG433. IN-JT333 and/or IN-KG433 canundergo further degradation to form IN-JU873, IN-ML438 and the cleavage products IN-KB687,IN-MK638 and IN-MK643. Carbon dioxide reaches amaximum of 36% of the applied radiolabel. Six degra-dation products of DPX-MP062 approach or exceed10% of the applied radioactivity in soil at any time inthese studies. The following are considered the majorsoil degradation products of DPX-MP062: IN-JT333, IN-KG433, IN-JU873, IN-ML438, IN-MK638 andIN-MK643. Field soil dissipation studies usingradiolabeled test material (DPX-JW062) showed thatindoxacarb was the only significant soil residue (equalto or greater than 10% of the applied radiolabel)under field conditions.

Rate of degradation

DPX-JW062 and DPX-MP062 degrade rapidly in aerobic soil under laboratory conditions, with half-lifevalues ranging from 3 to 9 days. Dissipation timesseen in field studies with formulated DPX-JW062 arelonger, ranging from 17 to 63 days.

Sorption to soil

Soil sorption and aged column leaching studies conducted with DPX-JW062 (~50% indoxacarb) showlow mobility potential for indoxacarb and its majorsoil degradation products. Indoxacarb has an averageKoc of 4500 mL/g and the Koc value for IN-JT333 isapproximately 17000 mL/g. The soil Koc values havebeen measured for all of the major degradation products of indoxacarb in soil and no degradationproduct demonstrated any significant mobility in soil.

Field soil dissipation studies conducted using radiolabeled DPX-JW062 and unlabeled DPX-JW062confirmed the low mobility of the parent compound insoil. IN-JT333, while not a significant residue, alsoshowed low mobility in soil. IN-KG433 was not pre-sent in quantifiable levels in any field study. Resultsfrom the water balance estimates support theconclusion that DPX-JW062 and IN-JT333 were notmobile in soil. Since no radioactive residue was foundbelow the 45-cm depth in any soil, this radiolabeledfield soil dissipation study provides strong evidencethat no degradation products of indoxacarb present asignificant leaching concern. Thus, indoxacarb and itssoil residues show little potential for leaching andmovement into groundwater.

13

BEHAVIOR IN WATER

Hydrolysis

Indoxacarb undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous bufferedsolutions. At pH 5, indoxacarb is stable. At pH 7 and9, the half-lives were 22 and 0.3 days, respectively.

Degradation in water

Indoxacarb undergoes rapid photodegradation inaqueous solution. The photolytic half-life of indox-acarb at pH 5 and 25 C was 4.5 natural sunlight days(based on a Wilmington, Delaware, USA summer day,latitude 39º40’N).

PHOTOSTABILITY

Indoxacarb is susceptible to direct photolysis in aqueous solution. The half-life of indoxacarb on soilsurfaces exposed to natural light was approximately50 days, when corrected for losses seen in the nonirradiated controls. Due to the rapid degradation seenin laboratory soil degradation studies, soil photolysisis not a major degradation process under field conditions.

VOLITIZATION POTENTIAL

Indoxacarb has a high vapor pressure (2.5 x 10-8 Pa at25 C) and low water solubility (0.2 mg/L), whichresults in a low Henry’s law constant (6x10-5 Pa m3

mol-1 at 25 C), indicating a low potential for volatiliza-tion of the active substance from soil under practicalconditions of use. Any potential losses of indoxacarbto the atmosphere after application will be dilutedthrough mixing and diffusion in air and further elimi-nated rapidly through photochemical oxidative degra-dation processes in the gas phase with a half-life ofapproximately 3 hours.

IONIZATION POTENTIAL (pKa)

Indoxacarb does not ionize at any environmentally orbiologically relevant pH. Therefore, the chemicalnature of the compound is not dependent upon pH.

BEHAVIOR IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Metabolism in plants

The metabolism of indoxacarb has been studied incotton, grapes, lettuce and tomatoes. These cropsrepresented the major crop groups targeted for use ofthis product. Parent compound was the only signifi-cant 14C-residue found. No significant metabolites ordegradation products were found. The decrease inresidue levels with time is due primarily to growthdilution and secondarily to run-off and minor metabolism.

Metabolism in animals

The metabolism of indoxacarb has been studied inlaboratory animals (rats) and livestock (cows and lay-ing hens). Indoxacarb undergoes rapid and extensivemetabolism. The primary routes of metabolism arehydroxylation of the indanone ring, hydrolysis of thecarboxymethyl group from the amino nitrogen andthe opening of the oxadiazine ring, which gives rise tocleaved metabolites. The main routes of eliminationare through feces and urine. In the rat, a majority ofthe indoxacarb dose is eliminated within 7 days.

14

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Apply this product only as specified on the label.DuPont™ Steward® insecticide is toxic to mammals,birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not applydirectly to water, to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean highwater mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment rinse water. Do not applywhere/when conditions could favor runoff. Runofffrom treated areas may be hazardous to aquaticorganisms in neighboring areas. Cover, incorporate,or clean up granules that are spilled.

Steward® is highly toxic to bees exposed to directtreatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not applythis product or allow it to drift to blooming crops orweeds while bees are actively visiting the treatmentarea.

Toxicology

OVERVIEW

Indoxacarb has low to moderate acute toxicity tomammals. Based on comprehensive toxicologicalevaluation, indoxacarb has been judged not to begenotoxic, oncogenic, or a developmental or repro-ductive toxin. Although the mode of action of indoxacarb is the blockage of sodium channels in theinsect nervous system, indoxacarb exhibited acuteneurotoxic effects in mammals only at the high doses tested. No primary treatment-related neuropathologi-cal findings were noted. No evidence of neurotoxicitywas seen at the highest dose tested in the subchronicneurotoxicity study in rats. The standard subchronicrat study showed equivocal evidence of neurotoxicityonly in moribund animals. In the rat, indoxacarb isextensively metabolized and excreted in the urine and feces.

15

ACUTE TOXICOLOGY1,2 RESULT EPA TOXICITY CATEGORY

Acute Oral 1730 mg/kg in males IILD50 Rat 268 mg/kg in females (moderately toxic)

Acute DermalLD50 Rat >5000 mg/kg (very low toxicity) IV

Acute Inhalation4-hr LC50 Rat >5.5 mg/L (very low toxicity) IV

(manufacturing use product)

Eye Contact Moderate irritant IIIRabbit

Primary Dermal Irritation Non-irritant IV

Skin Sensitization Sensitizer (Guinea Pig) N/A

ACUTE TOXICOLOGY1,2 RESULT EPA TOXICITY CATEGORY

Acute Oral 3619 mg/kg in males IIILD50 Rat 751 mg/kg in females (slightly toxic)

Acute DermalLD50 Rat >5000 mg/kg (very low toxicity) IV

Acute Inhalation4-hr LC50 >2.7 mg/L (very low toxicity) IV

Eye Contact Not an eye irritant IVRabbit

Primary Dermal Irritation Slight to mild skin Irritant IV

Skin Sensitization Sensitizer (Guinea Pig) N/A

1 LD50 is the dose of chemical per kilogram of body weight that is lethal to approximately 50% of the animals tested.

2 LC50 is the concentration of material in air or water that is lethal to approximately 50% of the animals tested.

AAccuuttee TTooxxiicciittyy ooff IInnddooxxaaccaarrbb

Acute Toxicity of DuPont™ Steward® Insecticide

16

CHRONIC AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY

Based on the result of short-term (28 and 90 days)studies, the low-dose effects of indoxacarb are characterized primarily by decreases in body weightparameters and nutritional status and/or effects on redblood cells. At higher doses, findings include mortalityand evidence of neurotoxicity in rats and mice. Inmost studies in rats (but not other species), femaleswere more sensitive to the effects of these com-pounds as compared to males. In all studies, testsubstance-induced decreases in red blood cell parameters were of minimal to mild clinical severityand were associated with evidence of regeneration(reversibility).

Chronic studies with indoxacarb were conducted onrats, mice, and dogs to determine oncogenic potentialand/or chronic toxicity of the compound. Effects gen-erally similar to those observed in the subchronicstudies were seen in the chronic studies. Indoxacarbwas not oncogenic in rats or mice.

MUTAGENICITY AND GENETIC TOXICITY

A battery of in vitro and in vivo tests were conductedto determine the genotoxic potential of indoxacarb.The test substance was negative for mutagenicity inall bacterial and mammalian assays and is thereforenot mutagenic or genotoxic, and it does not have thepotential to induce heritable effects.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE

TOXICITY

The results of a series of studies indicated that indox-acarb is not a reproductive, developmental or terato-genic hazards associated with the use of indoxacarb.

AVIAN DPX-MP062 (CONTAINING 75% INDOXACARB)

Bobwhite Quail LD50 98 mg/kg (moderately toxic)

Bobwhite Quail LC50 808 ppm (moderately toxic)

Mallard Duck LC50 >5620 ppm (practically non-toxic)

AQUATIC DPX-MP062 (CONTAINING 75% INDOXACARB)

Rainbow Trout LC50 0.65 ppm (highly toxic)

Bluegill LC50 0.90 ppm (highly toxic)

Mysid Shrimp LC50 0.0542 ppm (highly toxic)

Daphnia magna LC50 0.60 ppm (highly toxic)

Catfish LC50 0.29 ppm (highly toxic)

Environmental Toxicology

17

TOXICITY TO BENEFICIAL INSECTS

When used in accordance with the label, DuPont™Steward® insecticide offers a rare combination ofeffective control against target pests while protectingbeneficial insects. Field studies have shown that bene-ficial insects walking over a dried residual of indox-acarb on a leaf are generally unaffected. There is littlemovement of product through the tarsi of insects thusrendering predators and parasitic wasps mostlyimmune to indoxacarb. However, any insect behaviorthat culminates in ingestion of the product, such aspreening (ants), probing (nabids) or lapping exudatesfrom the leaf (apple maggot flies) will impact insectsurvival. Indoxacarb is formulated on a 5-7 micronsize silica particle and may readily adhere to the bodyof the insect through antennal drumming behaviorand general locomotory activity.

Steward® has little or no impact on populations ofstaphylinid beetles, lacewings, big-eyed bugs, minutepirate bugs, damsel bugs, predacious flies, predatorymites and spiders. At the same time, Steward® is veryeffective against the target pest species occurring inthese cropping systems. This selectivity of Steward®

offers a significant advantage in Integrated Pest Man-agement and Insecticide Resistance Management Programs in many crops over some commerciallyavailable products.

TOXICITY TO BEES

Steward® has low impact on honeybees and bumble-bees after the spray has dried. However, Steward® ishighly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment onblooming crops or weeds or to wet leaf residues. Donot apply this product or allow it to drift to bloomingcrops or weeds while bees are actively visiting thearea to be treated.

18

Material Safety Information

Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) formore information.

HEALTH, SAFETY AND HANDLING INFORMATIONDuPont™ Steward® insecticide

ACTIVE INGREDIENT BY WEIGHT

Indoxacarb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5%

Total Inert Ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.5%

TOTAL 100%

EPA Reg. No. 352-598

FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

Fire fighting measures

Flammable Properties

Handle this material as if it were a fire and explosionhazard.

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA

Water, Water Spray, Foam, Dry Chemical, CO2.

FIRE FIGHTING INSTRUCTIONS

Keep personnel removed and upwind of fire. Wearself-contained breathing apparatus. Wear full protective equipment. Runoff from fire control may be a pollution hazard.

If area is exposed to fire and conditions permit, let fire burn itself out. Burning chemicals may produceby-products more toxic than the original material.If product is on fire, wear self-contained breathingapparatus and full protective equipment.

Use water spray. Control runoff.

19

Disposal Information

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Safeguards (Personnel)

NOTE: Review FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES and HANDLING (PERSONNEL) sections before proceedingwith cleanup. Use appropriate PERSONAL PROTEC-TIVE EQUIPMENT during cleanup. Evacuate person-nel, thoroughly ventilate area and use self-containedbreathing apparatus.

Emergency response

Chemical resistant coveralls, waterproof gloves,waterproof boots and face/eye protection. If dustingoccurs, use NIOSH approved respirator protection.

Initial containment

Follow applicable Federal, State/Provincial and Locallaws/regulations. Prevent material from entering sewers, waterways or low areas.

Spill clean up

Soak up with sawdust, sand, oil dry or otherabsorbent material. Dispose of in an approvedcontainer.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL

DuPont™ Steward® insecticide wastes should be treated, stored, transported and disposed of accord-ing to applicable federal, state/provincial and localregulations.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed by disposal.Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray, mixture or rinsateis a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot bedisposed of according to label instructions, contactyour State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agencyor the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearestEPA Regional Office for guidance.

NOTE: Do not flush to surface water or sanitary sewersystem.

CONTAINER DISPOSAL

For plastic containers: Triple rinse (or equivalent).Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or punctureand dispose of in a sanitary landfill or incineration, orif allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. Ifburned, stay out of smoke.

For metal containers (non-aerosol): Triple rinse (orequivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning,or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or byother procedures approved by Sate and localauthorities.

20

Shipping Information

DuPont™ Steward® insecticide is classified by theDepartment of Transportation (DOT) as:

Proper Shipping Name: Environmentally HazardousSubstance, Liquid, N.O.S.(INDOXACARB)

Hazard Class: 9

UN No.: UN3082

Packing Group: III

Marine Pollutant: Yes

NOTE: Not regulated unless in bulk package orshipped by water.

STORAGE CONDITIONS

Do not subject to temperatures below 32 F. Storeproduct in original container only in a location inac-cessible to children and pets. Do not contaminatewater, other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed in storage. Not for use or storage in or around the home.

Personal Precautions, Symptoms and Treatment

The following provides Health Hazards, Symptoms,First Aid, Personal Protection and Medical Emergencyinformation. As always, please consult the EPA-approved package label for the most up-to-date andcomplete information.

HEALTH HAZARDS AND PROTECTION

INFORMATION

Caution! Harmful if swallowed. Causes moderate eyeirritation. Harmful if absorbed through skin. Avoidcontact with skin, eyes or clothing. Wash thoroughlywith soap and water after handling. Harmful if inhaled.Avoid breathing (dust, vapor or spray mist). Removecontaminated clothing and wash clothing beforereuse. Prolonged or frequent repeated skin contactmay cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

(Please see page 16 for Acute Toxicity Study Information.)

USERS SHOULD: Wash hands before eating, drinking,chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet.Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside.Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing.

21

FIRST AID

If swallowed:

Call a poison control center or doctor immediately fortreatment advice. Have person sip a glass of water ifable to swallow. Do not induce vomiting unless told todo so by the poison control center or doctor. Do notgive anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

If in eyes:

Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with waterfor 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present,after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye.

Call a poison control center or doctor for treatmentadvice.

If on skin or clothing:

Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediatelywith plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. Call a poisoncontrol center or doctor for treatment advice.

If inhaled:

Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing,call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respira-tion, preferably by mouth-to-mouth, if possible. Call apoison control center or doctor for further treatmentadvice.

Have the product container or label with you whencalling a poison control center or doctor, or goingfor treatment.

22

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow theinstructions for Category A on an EPA chemical-resistant category selection chart.

Applicators and other handlers must wear:

� Long-sleeved shirt and long pants

� Chemical Resistant Gloves Category A (such as butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene rubber or nitrile rubber), all >14 mils.

� Shoes plus socks

Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintaining personal protective equipment (PPE). If no suchinstructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.

For early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contactwith anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil or water, wear:

� Coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants

� Chemical Resistant Gloves Category A (such as butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene rubber or nitrile rubber), all >14 mils.

� Socks plus chemical resistant footwear

DuPont™ Steward® Insecticide

23

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

For medical emergencies involving DuPont™ Steward® insecticide and related formulations of any other DuPont agrochemical product, call toll free:

1-800-441-3637

This is a 24-hour DuPont product information andemergency response number. Caller should state,“This is a medical emergency.” The caller will beplaced in contact with the DuPont physician onduty/poison control center. The caller should be prepared to state the name of the DuPont productinvolved and the attending physician’s name, addressand phone number.

24

Notes

NOTICE OF WARRANTY/DISCLAIMER

Limitation of Warranty and Liability

NOTICE: Read this limitation of warranty and liability before buying or using this product. If the terms are notacceptable, return the product at once, unopened, and the purchase price will be refunded.

It is impossible to eliminate all risks associated with the use of this product. Such risks arise from weather conditions, soil factors, off target movement, unconventional farming techniques, presence of other materials,the manner of use or application, or other unknown factors, all of which are beyond the control of DuPont. Theserisks can cause: ineffectiveness of the product; crop injury; or injury to non-target crops or plants. DuPont doesnot agree to be an insurer of these risks. WHEN YOU BUY OR USE THIS PRODUCT, YOU AGREE TO ACCEPTTHESE RISKS.

DuPont warrants that this product conforms to the chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fitfor the purpose stated in the Directions for Use, subject to the inherent risks described above, when used inaccordance with the Directions for Use under normal conditions.

DUPONT MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS OR OF MERCHANTABILITY ORANY OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY.

IN NO EVENT SHALL DUPONT OR SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIALDAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. BUYER’S OR USER’S BARGAINEDFOR EXPECTATION IS CROP PROTECTION. THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER AND THE

EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF DUPONT OR SELLER, FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES(INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, TORT OR STRICT LIA-BILITY), WHETHER FROM FAILURE TO PERFORM OR INJURY TO CROPS OR OTHER PLANTS, AND RESULTINGFROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT, SHALL BE THE RETURN OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THEPRODUCT, OR AT THE ELECTION OF DUPONT OR SELLER, THE REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT.

DuPont or its Ag Retailer must have prompt notice of any claim so that an immediate inspection of buyer’s or user’sgrowing crops can be made. Buyer and all users shall promptly notify DuPont or a DuPont Ag Retailer of any claims,whether based on contract, negligence, strict liability, other tort or otherwise be barred from any remedy.

This Limitation of Warranty and Liability may not be amended by any oral or written agreement.

This reference guide is not intended as a substitute for the product label for the products referenced herein. Product labels for the referenced products contain important precautions, directions for use and product warranty and liability limitations that must beread before using the product. Applicators must be in possession of the product label(s) at the time of application. Always read and follow all label directions and precautions for use when using any pesticide alone or in tank mix combinations.

The DuPont Oval, DuPont™, The miracles of science™ and Steward® are registered trademarks or trademarks of DuPont or its affiliates.

Copyright © 1999-2004 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.All rights reserved. 5/04Reorder No.: K-04265 (Replaces H-81913)