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Tech-Design®

Exploring MechanismsStudent Guide

eSeries

Edition 137669-Q0

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Exploring Mechanisms Table of Contents

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt vii

Introduction .................................................................................................................1

Introduction to Mechanical Power ............................................................................3To-Do List ..............................................................................................................3Study Guide ...........................................................................................................4

The Inclined Plane and Wedge ..................................................................................6To-Do List ..............................................................................................................6Study Guide ...........................................................................................................7Data Sheet: Inclined Plane ....................................................................................9

The Lever...................................................................................................................10To-Do List ............................................................................................................10Study Guide .........................................................................................................11Data Sheet: First-Class Lever ..............................................................................12

Types of Levers ........................................................................................................13To-Do List ............................................................................................................13Study Guide .........................................................................................................14Data Sheet: Second-Class Lever .........................................................................15Data Sheet: Third-Class Lever .............................................................................16Impacts Video Response: Construction on the Environment ...............................17

The Wheel and Axle ..................................................................................................18To-Do List ............................................................................................................18Study Guide .........................................................................................................19Data Sheet: Wheel and Axle ................................................................................20

The Pulley..................................................................................................................21To-Do List ............................................................................................................21Study Guide .........................................................................................................22Data Sheet: Pulley ...............................................................................................23

The Screw and the Gear...........................................................................................24To-Do List ............................................................................................................24Study Guide .........................................................................................................25Data Sheet: Screw ...............................................................................................28Data Sheet: Gear Train ........................................................................................29

Energy .......................................................................................................................30To-Do List ............................................................................................................30Study Guide .........................................................................................................31Data Sheet: Potential Energy ...............................................................................33Data Sheet: Kinetic Energy ..................................................................................34Data Sheet: Spring Energy ..................................................................................35

Friction ......................................................................................................................36To-Do List ............................................................................................................36Study Guide .........................................................................................................37Data Sheet: Sliding Friction .................................................................................38Data Sheet: Comparative Friction ........................................................................39

Table of Contents Exploring Mechanisms

Student Guide

viii Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

The Friction-Belt Drive .............................................................................................40To-Do List ............................................................................................................40Study Guide .........................................................................................................41Data Sheet: Friction-Belt Drive ............................................................................43

Torque ........................................................................................................................44To-Do List ............................................................................................................44Study Guide .........................................................................................................45Data Sheet: Torque ..............................................................................................46

Conservation of Energy/Careers.............................................................................47To-Do List ............................................................................................................47Study Guide .........................................................................................................48Data Sheet: Energy Conservation .......................................................................49

Appendices ...............................................................................................................51Independent Study

Project Proposal ...............................................................................................53Topic Outline ....................................................................................................54Bibliography .....................................................................................................55Activities ...........................................................................................................56Drawings ..........................................................................................................57

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 1

Introduction

IntroductionThis Student Guide is organized by unit. In each unit you may find:

Unit Objectives• New Terms and Words• To-Do List• Study Guide• Data sheets (worksheets)• Video response sheets•

The Unit Objectives are a summary of what you can expect to learn in the unit.

New Terms and Words provide the definitions for words you may not be familiar with. If you come across any other words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary, write the definitions, and add them to your Student Guide. Understanding vocabulary is the biggest key to understanding any information.

The To-Do List helps you keep track of all the work you do.

The Study Guide will help you to take notes as you read the unit. You can use this to study for the unit test. You can use all of the unit Study Guides to study for the course test.

Data sheets or worksheets provide space to record information or answer questions about activities. Some also give you a place to write down the details of your projects.

Video response sheets are worksheets that go with the videos you will watch. After you watch a video, answer the questions on the video response sheet.

You can save any other work you do for this course in this guide.

Use the Student Guide to study what you have learned. Your teacher may also ask to collect your work for a grade.

Student Guide

2 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Introduction


Exploring Mechanisms Unit Details

Name: Date:

Introduction to Mechanical Power

ObjectivesDuring this unit, you will:

consider and define force, work, and energy.•examine mechanical advantage.•review the Timeline and complete the Timeline Activity.•

To-Do List Complete the following assignments. Use this to-do list to keep track of each task.

To-Do Due Date Notes

F Study Guide

F Timeline Activity

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsfoot-pounds—a unit of measure for work or energy.joule (J)—a unit of work or energy, approximately 0.7375 foot-pounds.physics—the science of matter and motion.

????

Unit Details Exploring Mechanisms

Student Guide4 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Name: Date:

Study Guide

Introduction to Mechanical Power

ForceI.

Force is the A. that can cause an object to change its

and .

The force that attracts objects toward Earth’s center is called B. .

The weight of an object is the force of 1. acting in the object.

Weight is equal to the product of 2. times the

due to gravity.

WorkII.

Work is the A. of energy from one system to another.

Mechanical work is equal to the B. applied to an object times the

the object moves.

Work is measured in C. or in .

EnergyIII.

Energy is defined as the A. to do work.

An object in motion has 1. .

An object that could do work due to its position is said to have 2.

.

The energy of heat is called 3. .

Energy is measured in B. in Imperial Units and

or in the International

System of Units.

Mechanical Advantage (MA)IV.

Mechanical advantage measures the A. provided by the use of

machines.



The basic definition of MA is the ratio of the B. divided

by the .

MA trades C. for .

Use of a machine with D. MA

It does not change the amount of 1. done.

It does not change the 2. required to do the work.



Name: Date:

The Inclined Plane and Wedge


investigate the inclined plane.•demonstrate how an inclined plane works.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Inclined Plane

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsfriction—a rubbing of one object against another; resistance to motion of surfaces that touch.

Additional Equipment RequiredLab-Volt Exploring Mechanisms Trainer RulerTwo textbooks or blocks of wood with similar dimensions (not supplied)

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Inclined Plane and Wedge

The Inclined PlaneI.

An inclined plane is a A. set at an intended

to reduce the required to move an object to a

level.

The inclined plane trades B. for

.

A common application is the C. ; examples include:

load a 1. .

2. a building.

Mechanical Advantage:D.

All inclined planes have a 1. distance that

creates a angle with the ground.

The profile of a ramp is a geometrical 2. .

The longest leg of the ramp is called the 3. .

The mechanical advantage is the ratio of the 4. divided

by the .

Effect of FrictionE.

The mechanical advantage calculation as a 1. of distances

account for the effect of friction.

The effect of friction can be included by dividing the 2.

forces by the .

The WedgeII.

The wedge is, in effect, a A. inclined plane.

Examples of wedges include: B. and .



The mechanical advantage of the wedge is given by the ratio of the C.

divided by the .



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Inclined Plane

Follow the instructions in the multimedia, and record your results below.

Step # Item Measured Results

3 Length of Ramp

3 Height of Upper Ramp Structure

4 Weight of Wooden Block Hanging Freely

5 Force Needed to Pull Wooden Block up the Ramp

6 Mechanical Advantage (Length/Height)

7 Mechanical Advantage (Output Force/Input Force)



Name: Date:

The Lever


explore the lever, another type of simple machine.•perform an activity that demonstrates how a lever works.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: First-Class Lever

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsfulcrum—Latin word for “support.”load—any object or resistance, including friction, that a machine must move.

Additional Equipment RequiredLab-Volt Exploring Mechanisms Trainer Ruler

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Lever

The LeverI.

A lever is any tool that rests or rotates on a A. , called

the .

A lever changes the B. and of a force

or movement.

Examples of levers include: a C. , a ,

etc.

The lever D. at the fulcrum, it does not move

.

Levers are used to E. the force needed to raise a

.

The Lever LawF.

The product of the 1. at one side of the fulcrum

is to the product of the force and distance at the other side.

When the lever law is satisfied, the lever is said to be 2. .

In this lever, the fulcrum is located G. the applied input force

and the load, or output force.

In first-class levers, the input force and the load always move in H.

directions.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: First-Class Lever



5 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Second Hole (Spring Scale Side)

5 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Second Hole (Weight Side)

6 Force Needed to Balance the Load

7 Mechanical Advantage (Input Distance/Output Distance)


8 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Farthest Hole on Left Side




13 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Nearest Hole on Left Side






Name: Date:

Types of Levers


explore the different types of levers.•demonstrate how the different levers work.•determine the mechanical advantage of the different types of levers.•view the Impacts Video and complete the video response worksheet.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Second-Class Lever

F Data Sheet: Third-Class Lever

F Impact Video Response: Construction on the Environment

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment RequiredLab-Volt Exploring Mechanisms Trainer



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Types of Levers

Types of levers:I.

First-Class LeverA.

The fulcrum is 1. the input force and the load.

The input and the output forces (or load) move in 2.

directions.

Examples include: 3. , ,

etc.

Its mechanical advantage can be 4. than one.

When it is greater than one, a. force is traded for

distance.

When it is less than one, b. force is traded for

distance.

Second-Class LeversB.

The output force (or load) is 1. the input force and the fulcrum.

2. input force and output force move in direction.

Examples include: 3. ,

, etc.

Its mechanical advantage is 4. than one.

Third-Class LeversC.

The 1. is applied between the fulcrum and .

Both input force and output force move 2. direction.

The amount of work is traded for 3. and .

Examples include: 4. , , etc.

Its mechanical advantage is always 5. to one.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Second-Class Lever



4 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Nearest Hole

4 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Further Hole

5 Force Needed to Balance the Beam

8 Force Needed to Balance the Weight


10 Mechanical Advantage (Output Force/(Input Force – Beam Weight))

11 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Fourth Hole to the Right









Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Third-Class Lever



2 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Fourth Hole

3 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Farthest Hole





10 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Seventh Hole







Name: Date:

Impacts Video Response: Construction on the Environment

Why focus on the construction industry when studying simple machines?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What is an important item to consider when planning a new construction project?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

How do machines used affect the environment?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What is the impact of the materials used for construction?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What is an immediate impact of any construction on the environment?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What construction environmental impacts may be temporary?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What is a long-term impact of construction?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What other industries are impacted by construction projects?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What are common health issues?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

The Wheel and Axle


examine the principles of the wheel and the axle.•explore how a wheel and axle work.•determine the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Wheel and Axle

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Wheel and Axle

Wheel and AxleI.

The wheel and axle is a special case of a A. , a .

The center line passing through both wheel and axle is the 1. .

Input work done in turning the wheel passes to the 2. ; which in turn performs

the .

A common example is the automobile’s 3. .

Mechanical Advantage (MA)B.

MA is determined by the 1. of the wheel and axle.

The mechanical advantage is given by the ratio of the 2.

divided by the .

The bigger the 3. , the less force is needed to turn the

.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Wheel and Axle



10 Weight of 1-Pound Weight

10 Average Weight Using the Crank Wheel




Name: Date:

The Pulley


examine the pulley.•demonstrate how the pulley works.•determine the mechanical advantage of a pulley.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Pulley

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Pulley

The PulleyI.

A pulley is a wheel that A. freely.

There are two types of pulleys: B. and .

Fixed Pulleys1.

This type of pulley cannot move a. , it can only rotate.

This pulley provides only change in b. of the force.

It does not c. either the force or distance.

It operates like a d. lever.

Its mechanical advantage is e. .

An example of a fixed pulley is a f. .

Movable Pulleys2.

This type of pulley can move a. , in addition to

.

It operates like a second-class lever, trading b. force for

distance.

The fulcrum is at the c. of the pulley.

The mechanical advantage of a single movable pulley is d. , given by the

ratio of the pulley divided by its .

Multiple PulleysC.

Multiple pulley systems always involve both 1. and

pulleys.

A common example is the 2. pulley system.

The mechanical advantage of a multiple pulley system is given by the number of 3.

supporting the load.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Pulley



6 Single Fixed Pulley: Force Needed to Hold the Weight

13 Single Movable Pulley: Force Needed to Hold the Weight

14 Block and Tackle: Force Needed to Hold the Weight



Name: Date:

The Screw and the Gear


examine the screw.•demonstrate how a screw works.•determine the mechanical advantage of the screw.•explore the gear and the gear train.•demonstrate the operation of a basic gear train.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Screw

F Data Sheet: Gear Train

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsdifferential—the arrangement of gears in an automobile axle that allows one of the rear wheels to turn faster that the other in going around a corner or curve.odometer—a device that measures distance by counting the revolutions of the car’s wheels.


????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Screw and the Gear

The ScrewI.

The screw is basically an A. wrapped around an

imaginary .

The screw trades B. for .

The screw requires many C. to advance the thread a

.

A nut moves along a bolt with much D. force than the

applied.

Examples of screws include: E. ,

, , etc.

The GearII.

A gear is basically a A. with teeth.

Gears transmit power to other gears by interconnecting their B. .

Gears can transmit power in the C. or

direction.

By changing the D. and of teeth,

interconnected gears can be made to rotate or ,

and transmit force than the input force.

There are E. of gears:

The 1. gears have their teeth on the outside

of the gear.

The teeth are on an inside 2. of the

gears.

Kinds of GearsIII.



Within these types of gears, there are A. designs:

Meshed gears that connect to parallel shafts are called 1. .

They regulatea. and its direction.

Typical application is a car b. system.

Gears that intermesh at an angle are called 2. .

They change the a. of rotation.

They can also alter the b. and

from one gear to the other.

Often used to join c. at a 90º angle

A gear that meshes with a shaft that has a screw thread is called a 3.

.

This gear changes the a. , the

and the .

It is often used tob. the speed of the main gear

.

An example is the shaft that turns an c. in a car.

A gear that meshes with a sliding toothed bar is called a 4.

gear.

The gear is the a. and the toothed bar is the .

Rotation of the pinion is converted to b. motion of the rack.

Examples include the c. in many cars.

The Gear TrainIV.

A set of A. gears is called a gear train.

By using many gears, a gear train can change the B. ,

and over a wide range.

All gears in a gear train must have an C. of teeth.

The gears in a gear train are named according to their D. :



The gear at the input axle is called the 1. gear (also called the

gear).

The gear at the output axle is called the 2. gear.

Any other gear in between the driving and driven gears is called an 3.

or gear.

The direction of rotation of the driven gear depends on the E.

in the gear train.

The driven gear rotates in the same direction as the driving gear if there are an 1.

of gears in the train.

The driven gear rotates in the opposite direction to the driving gear if there is an 2.

of gears in the train.

The mechanical advantage of a gear train is given by the ratio of the number of F.

to that of the .



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Screw



2 Weight 1 (0.4 lb)

2 Weight 2 (0.8 lb)

2 Weight 3 (1.0 lb)

2 Sum of Weights 1, 2 and 3

9 Force Needed to Turn the Screw

10 Mechanical Advantage (Weights/Force to Turn Screw)



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Gear Train



7 Speed of Driven Gear

Step 7 Speed Measurements

Trial # Revolutions in 12 sec X 5

1

2

3


8 Mechanical Advantage (Driving Gear Teeth/ Driven Gear Teeth)

15 Amount of Time for Lift to Reach Destination

20 Amount of Time for Lift to Reach Destination

21. The second time was than the first time.



Name: Date:

Energy


investigate the different types of energy.•calculate energy.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Potential Energy

F Data Sheet: Kinetic Energy

F Data Sheet: Spring Energy

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsslug—the gravitational unit of mass in the foot-pound-second system.

Additional Equipment RequiredLab-Volt Exploring Mechanisms Trainer Tennis Ball Ruler Masking Tape

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Energy

Energy I.

Energy is the A. to do work.

Power is B. work over a period of time.

Energy can be C. from one type to another.

Forms of EnergyD.

There are two types of 1. : potential and kinetic

energy.

The energy stored in an object due to its position with respect to other objects is called 2.

.

An object with large mass has a. potential energy than one with

mass.

An object set at a b. location than another similar object has

potential energy.

The energy in an object in motion is called 3. .

The amount of kinetic energy depends on the a. and

of the object.

Given two objects moving with the same velocity, the one with b.

has kinetic energy.

Given two objects of equal mass, the one movingc. has

kinetic energy.

The energy stored in heat is called 4. .

An object with higher temperature has a. thermal energy than one

with temperature.



This energy is transferred from a higher temperature object to one with lower b.

temperature if the objects are .

The energy stored in a fluid is called 5. .

The fluid is a liquid in a. .

The fluid is a gas in b. .

The energy stored at the molecular level of matter is called 6.

.

An example is fuel a. , where the fuel is burned and

converted to energy.

This energy can be released as a result of b. .

When the reaction gives off heat it is called c. .

A reaction that absorbs heat is called d. .

The energy stored by the electric charge nature of matter is called 7.

.

Electric current is a. by conducting wires.

b. use chemical, fluid, or nuclear energy to

them to electrical energy.

The energy released by the decay of radioactive materials is called 8.

.

A a. amount of this matter can produce

amounts of energy.

Radioactive materials need to be handled b. .

The energy present in sunlight is called 9. .

Solar cells can collect this energy and a. it to

energy.

The kinetic energy stored in blowing wind is called 10. .



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Potential Energy



1 Height of Trainer

4 Potential Energy = m x g x h



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Kinetic Energy



4 Time for Ball to Travel From One End of Tape to the Other

6 Velocity of the Ball

7 Kinetic Energy = (1/2) x m x V2




Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Spring Energy

Follow the instructions in the multimedia, and record your results below. Assume the spring provided with the Accessories Kit has a spring constant k = 60.1


2 Free length of Spring

3 Length of Compressed Spring

5 Compression Distance (X) = Free – Compressed Length

6 Compression Force = 60.1X

6 Spring Stored Energy = (½)(60.1)(X2)



Name: Date:

Friction


explore friction, the type of force that opposes moving objects.•examine the different types of friction.•verify the effects of friction.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Sliding Friction

F Data Sheet: Comparative Friction

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment RequiredLab-Volt Exploring Mechanisms TrainerTwo textbooks or blocks of wood with similar dimensions (not supplied)



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Friction

FrictionI.

Friction is a force that A. an object in motion in any media other

than .

Friction is caused by two surfaces 1. against each other.

Smoother surfaces create2. friction than

ones.

Lubrication between the surfaces 3. friction.

There are different B. of friction:

The friction between two objects that slide against each other is called 1.

.

The friction between a moving wheel and the surface it is moving on is called 2.

.

Car tires are made to a. friction so they can grip

the road.

High rolling and sliding friction is also experienced in a car when theb.

are applied.

Trying to stop a fast moving car on a wet surface can c.

.

The wheels will not experience d. friction.

The car can e. for a long distance with only sliding friction.

Resistance to a moving object through air is called 3. .

Air friction is also called a. .

The b. the velocity of the object the

the air friction



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Sliding Friction



2 Height of Book Stack

4 1-Pound Weight in Newtons

4 1-Pound Weight in Pounds

5 Sliding Weight in Newtons

5 Sliding Weight in Pounds

6 Mechanical Advantage (Length of Ramp/Height of Book Stack)



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Comparative Friction



4 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Nearest Hole on Left

5 Distance from Fulcrum to Center of Farthest Hole on Right

6 Force in Newtons Needed to Balance the Beam

6 Force in Pounds Needed to Balance the Beam

7 Mechanical Advantage (Fulcrum to Scale/Fulcrum to Weight)



Name: Date:

The Friction-Belt Drive


investigate the friction-belt drive and its characteristics.•perform an activity to show the operation of a friction-belt drive.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Friction-Belt Drive

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsdiameter—the measurement from one side of a circle to the other through the center.synchronization—moving or taking place at the same rate and exactly together.tension—the amount of force used to stretch a belt around a pulley.


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Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Friction-Belt Drive

Friction-Belt DriveI.

A friction-belt drive consists of at least two A.

connected by a .

Generally the wheels are of 1. size.

The larger wheel rotates a. than the smaller wheel.

The bigger the difference in wheel size, the bigger the advantage in b.

Difference between a friction-belt drive and a gear train:B.

The wheels in a friction-belt drive rotate in the 1. .

The gears in a two-gear gear train rotate in 2. .

Friction-belt drives are most often C. when:

There is a 1. between the driving and driven wheels.

2. is a consideration.

Power transmission characteristics:D.

In a gear train, power is transmitted by 1. as many

as necessary for the distance and function.

In a friction-belt drive, power is transmitted by providing for 2.

between the wheels and the belt.

Friction-belt pulleys:E.

The 1. is connected to the ,

such as an .

The 2. is connected to the that

performs the desired work.



Sometimes additional pulleys are used, called 3. , if

necessary to maintain adequate on the belt.

Characteristics of Friction-Belt DrivesII.

There areA. characteristics that may

impact the efficiency of a friction-belt drive:

1. occurs when there is insufficient friction between pulleys

and belt.

This could happen with either a. or pulleys.

There will be b. transmission with this condition.

Proper c. and

adjustments can prevent this.

Over time, the 2. beyond the range of tension

adjustments.

The belt can be strengthened with a. .

The belt b. to improve its strength.

As a belt starts to weaken, a condition called 3. may

develop.

This condition is characterized by the belt moving a.

in a pulley while working.

This can be reduced by increasing theb. of the belt.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Friction-Belt Drive



6 Size of O-Ring Pulley Rotating in Opposite Direction

7 Number of Rotations of 2-in Pulley for Every Rotation of 2.5-in Pulley



Name: Date:

Torque


examine torque, the type of force that causes rotation.•calculate the torque in a wheel and axle system.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Torque

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordstorque—From the Latin word meaning “to twist,” torque is a measurement of turning effort.


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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Torque

Torque is a force that causesI. acting at a .

It is measured in A. or .

It is the force that keeps wheels B. .

When we turn a door knob to open the door, we are applying C. .

The work performed is given by the D. times the

.

Effect of torque:II.

When torque is applied within design limits, the object A. and performs the

.

When torque is applied beyond design limits, the object can B. and

.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Torque



10 Average Force in Newtons Needed to Balance the Load

10 Average Force in Pounds Needed to Balance the Load

11 Crank Wheel Radius

12 Torque = Force x Radius

13 Torque on Long Axle (in Foot-Pounds)

13 Torque on Long Axle (in Newton-Meters)



Name: Date:

Conservation of Energy/Careers


examine the conservation of energy.•demonstrate the conservation of energy.•explore careers associated with mechanical power applications.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Energy Conservation

F Careers Activity

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment RequiredLab-Volt Exploring Mechanisms Trainer Tennis Ball Stopwatch Masking Tape Heavy book (not supplied)



Study Guide

Conservation of Energy/Careers

Energy ConservationI.

Energy cannot be A. or , it can only be

.

The product of force and distance remains B. because of this

principle.

Knowing the input force and distance, it is easy to calculate the C.

for any given machine.

Mass and EnergyII.

Albert Einstein demonstrated that energy and mass are A. .

Energy is equal to the product of 1. times the square of the

.

Since the speed of light is a 2. , a very

amount of mass can produce an amount of energy.

The decay in mass from a radioactive material is 3. into

.

This principle is used to convert radioactive material into electricity using B.

.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Energy Conservation



5 Distance from Hanging Weight to the Floor

6 Distance from Pulled-Back Hanging Weight to the Floor

7 Change in Height

8 Time it Takes Tennis Ball to Travel 5 Feet (or 1.5 Meters)

9 Change in Potential Energy = Weight x Change in Height

10 Velocity of the Tennis Ball = V = Distance/Time

10 Kinetic Energy of the Ball = (1⁄2) x m x V2

Exploring MechanismsAppendices

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 53Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 53

Exploring Mechanisms Independent Study

Project Proposal

Name:

Course:

Section:

Topic

State as specifically as possible the idea, question, and/or activity you have chosen.

Description

State why you have chosen this topic, what you expect to learn, any previous experience you had with this topic, and the type of investigation you will conduct.

Materials

State what materials, people, or activities will be involved in the completion of your project.

Due Date:

Instructor’s Approval:

Student’s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project.

Student Guide


Independent Study Exploring Mechanisms

Student Guide


Topic Outline

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, write the outline you will use for your independent study project.

Introduction

Discussion

Conclusion

Due Date:






Bibliography

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, supply the name, author, publisher, and publication date of the references you plan to use for your independent study project.

Texts1.

2.

Journals1.

2.

3.

Others (Examples: work experience, interviews)1.

2.

Due Date:



Student Guide



Student Guide


Activities

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, give descriptions of the activities or exercises you plan to incorporate into your independent study project. Include the materials and the time required for each of the activities or exercises.

Activities

Exercises

Due Date:






Drawings

Name:

Course:

Section:

Due Date:



In the area provided, supply rough sketches of any drawings you intend to use in your independent study project. If you need additional worksheets, you may make additional copies.

Student Guide



Student Guide


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