Differentiate between the roles of the team members in a multi-professional mental health team.

Evaluate the legal provision for each team member’s scope of practice.

Evaluate the contribution of the multi-professional team to the facilitation of the community’s mental health.

According to Peck & Norman (1999) inter-professional collaboration is needed to improve the state of mental healthcare facilities and to enhance the quality of services rendered by mental healthcare institutions.

Psychiatrists Psychiatric mental health nurse Clinical psychologist Occupational therapists Psychologists Psychiatric social worker Marriage and family therapist Mental health assistants Recreational therapist Creative arts therapist Psychosocial rehabilitation worker Registered counselors

According to Peck & Norman (1999) the role of the psychiatrist includes:

Clinician, therapist, clinical leader, supervisor, ‘team player’, researcher, development of services and manager.

Peck &Norman state that psychiatrists perform a function giving confidence to managers and other healthcare professionals, they are seen as the most powerful group in psychiatry.

Peck & Norman (1999) state that psychiatrists support the development of community mental health but often tend not to accept the team approach because this means peer status equity. According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) the role of psychiatrist is mainly diagnosis and treatment of patients with mental health disorders.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) performance of psychotherapy, planning and implementation of programs for behavior modification, selection, administration, and implementation of psychological tests.

Peck & Norman (1999) states that nurses are the professionals within healthcare who are closest to patients, the main skills of the mental health nurse is to establish and maintain contact with patients. Because the nurse has more tie with patients, she has more opportunities to develop interpersonal relationships.

Peck &Norman (1999) state that the following are main qualities and skills needed by the mental healthcare nurse within the community:

Compassion, integrity, honesty, reliability, kindness, concern and patience. The nurse needs skills to relate to individuals, respect patients rights, being practical, making assessments and planning patient actions, working towards goals, manage complications, having a positive outlook, energy, enthusiasm, the ability to see strengths in patients and to instill their hope.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:21) the psychiatric mental health nurse is responsible for: assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, coordination of care, health education and health promotion, mileu therapy, pharmacological, biological, and integrative therapies, prescriptive authority and treatment, psychotherapy, consultation, evaluation, quality of practice, education, professional practice evaluation, collegiality, collaboration, ethics, research, resource utilization, and lleadership.

Peck & Norman (1999) states that nursing is held in high regard by nurses themselves but it seems to be under-valued by other healthcare groups, nurses may often feel depleted and vulnerable and mistreated.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) the role of mental health nurse includes rendering care for mental health patients and being responsible for mileu.

According to Psychiatric Mental health Nursing Scope & Standards (2006:12)

Promotion of optimal mental and physical health and well-being and prevention of mental health illness.

Impaired ability to function related to psychiatric, emotional and physiological distress.

Alterations in thinking, perceiving and communicating due to psychiatric disorders or mental health problems.

Behaviors and mental states that indicate potential danger to self or others

Emotional stress related to illness, pain, disability and loss Symptom management, side effects/toxicities associated with self-

administered drugs, psychopharmacological intervention and other treatment modalities.

The barriers to treatment efficacy and recovery posed by alcohol and substance abuse and dependence.

According to Peck & Norman (1999) occupational therapists feel misunderstood and undervalued by other healthcare professionals. Occupational therapists have a unique role in carrying out assessments of patients skills and occupational performance and other deficits in daily living. The occupational therapist also enable patients to build strengths and to maintain areas of performance deficit.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) Using manual, creative techniques to

enhance desired responses. Teaches self-help activities, and help

patients to prepare for employment.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) Planning and guidance suring

recreational activities to promote recreation, socialization, and desired experiences.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) Use of art, music, dancing, and literature

in order to facilitate self-esteem and interpersonal experiences.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) Assist in development of day to day skills

for living and also provides services for case management.

According to Peck & Norman (1999) clinical psychology is a relatively young profession that engages in activities such as clinical work, research, supervision and teaching within the profession, consultation and support to other disciplines, and development of planning services.

According to Peck & Norman (1999) the skills of the community social worker relates to assessments, tasks of management, therapeutic action with patients. Social work is grounded in knowledge and values guided by a broad theoretical base of social science, self-awareness, and relation between patient and social worker.

Peck & Norman (1999) states that leadership in social work encompases accountability and professional supervision ensures that social workers adhere to policies and procedures.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) Assists patients and their families with

coping strategies, identification of community resources, can perform psychotherapy and counselling.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:23) Provision of psychotherapy usually

involving families or couples.

Evaluate the legal provision for each team member’s scope of practice.

According to the HPCSA (2008) Scope of practice: facilitation of mental health and

individual, family, and community wellness. Basic mental health screening. Identification of mental health problems and provision of

guidance (excluding psychotherapy). Containment of emotional distress of crisis situations till

referral. Contribution of social support structures and identification of

support systems and resources. Policy development and program design: promotion of

mental health and wellness through educational programs Training and supervision of individuals, families, and

communities to enhance mental health. Identification and referral of people with mental health

needs.

According to the HPCSA (2008) Psychological screening and basic assessment as well as

technically limited psychological interventions to enhance personal functioning in school, work, sport, family and community.

Mental health screening, limited psychological assessments. Identification of patients requiring advanced psychological

assessments and appropriate referral. Enhancing personal functioning, performing supportive and

routing psychological interventions. Train and supervise mental health assistants.

According to the Professional board for occupational therapy and medical orthotics/prosthetics (2004)

Professional standing and responsibility Consultation and collaboration ,- working in multi-disciplinary

team, recommend additional consultations by other professionals.

Develop appropriate inerventions with patient-centered approach, referral to other members.

Assessment of patient functioning, inform pt.s regarding purpose of procedures.

Complile and form part of research an comply to ethical standards.

According to the HPCSA (2008)Assessment, diagnosis, interventions in patients with

life challenges, particularly serious forms of psychological distress and psychopathology.

Assessment of cognitive, personality, emotional and neuropsychological functions in serious forms of psychological distress.

Identification of psychiatric disorders Application of intervention and therapy , perform

counseling. Plan, develop and apply paradigms, theories, models, constructs to enhance individual, group, and community effectivity.

Neuropsychologists: can also treat and rehabilitate disorders.

According to SANC regulation 2598 (1978) Diagnose, prescribing, provision of nursing regimens. Medication as prescribed by registered person. Treatment, care, administration of medication and

monitoring patient. Prevention of disease Educate individuals, groups, families and offer counseling. Promote activities to enhance health and rehabilitate

patients. Facillitation of optimum health for individuals, family, groups /

community

Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Coordination of care Health teaching and health promotion Mileu therapy Pharmacological, biological and complementary interventions Prescriptive authority and treatment, psychotherapy, consultation Evaluation, quality of practice, education, professional practice

evaluation. Collegiality,collaboration, ethics, research, resource utilization,

leadership.

According to SACSSP (2011). Social professions act 110 of 1978

Ergometric testing: use of various assessment technologies. Case management: help people to develop goals and make

informed decisions, providing access to effectively use services, develop needed services, advocate for patients to improve well-being.

Casework: direct practice, advocacy for individuals, groups, couples, familes.

Community: community development. Social work aadministration: indirect practice to efficiently

improve organizations goals and objectives and so doing improve well being.

Research.

In the community healthcare setting there are various roles and responsibilities between various groups that overlap such as assessment and care. It is thus every healthcare worker’s responsibility to ensure that mental healthcare users are treated and managed according to their needs and referred to other team members in cases where those members are more qualified to deal with such aspects. Therapy from multi-disciplinary team can enhance outcomes of the patient.

According to Peck & Norman (1999) the role of psychiatrists as long-term team member includes building relationships and enhancing knowledge of other team members. Nurses in community based services form a key role as they are able to connect the community with other healthcare providers to enhance quality of care and a more multi-dimensional approach.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:22) a multi-professional approach is mainly led by teamwork and co-operation between members, rather than competition. Teamwork enhances the movement towards common goals. Co-operation between members enhances patient outcomes. Values and mutual respect will enhance relationships and working together enhances creativity, depth, perspectives, and co-operation.

According to Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:22) traditional definitions of roles have evolved to such an extent that various elements of psychiatric professionals now overlap. Trained professionals now have more influence than in the past. Within community settings mental health has improved in a manner where there are trained professionals available and adequate referral to applicable professionals is possible.

According o Kneisl & Trigoboff (2008:22) psychiatric mental health nures must plan and share with other members of the multi-professional team in order to enhance mental health services. The purpose of collaboration is to make the best use of every team members abilities and ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment and care possible.

Health professions council of South Africa. 2008. Practice framework for psychologists, psychometrists, registered counsellors and mental health assistants. http://www.hpcsa.co.za/downloads/psychology/form_224.pdf Date of access: 27/03/2014

Peck, E., Norman, I.J. 1999. Working together in adult community mental health services: Exploring inter-professional role relations. Journal of mental health, 8(3):231-242. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.nwulib.nwu.a.za/pdfviewer?sid=efcedc42-a0b9-4a41bb5a-993f443d4254%40sessionmgr4001&vid=2&hid=4102 Date of access: 25/03/2014

Kneisl, C.R., Trigoboff, E. 2008. Contemporary psychiatric-mental health nursing.

3nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice hall.

Professional board for occupational therapy and medical orthotics/prostthetics. 2004. Standards of practice for occupational therapists. http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruralrehab.co.za%2Fuploads%2F3%2F0%2F9%2F0%2F3090989%2Fot_standards_of_practice_ot_profboard2004.doc&ei=MXQ8U63tNsrB7Ab6s&usg=AFQjCNFcKXzn-iTb78RROSNW5KyyzSlyUQ&sig2=tspTciuygqHx-qBpbFIYcw Date of access: 1/04/2014

Psychiatric mental health nursing Scope & standards. 2006.

Social service professions act 110. 1978. www.saopf.org.za/sites/default/files/your_rights/Social%Service%20Professions%20Act%20No.%20110%20of%201978.pdf Date of access: 25/03/2014