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INSIDE THIS ISSUE
Volume 9 Issue 2
April 2016
Editorial
In the course of TEAKNET activities, we
are happy to present the second issue
of this year‟s Bulletin. TEAKNET is
continuing its pursuit to develop the
networking activities and has gained a
specific role by organising a TEAKNET
Partner Event in the Asia Pacific
Forestry Week (APFW 2016) held in
Pampanga, Philippines during 22-26
February 2016. As a part of promo-
tional activities, TEAKNET set up an
Exhibition booth at the conference
venue to have an active interactions
with the delegates and visitors at the
APFW venue.
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TEAKNET Partner Event:
“Global Significance of Teak–
Present and Future” at Asia
Pacific Forestry Week 2016
Workshop on Teak Cultivation
and Management for the
Farmers of Kerala
Benefits of Using Paper to
Cover Teak Nursery Beds
Upcoming Events
Prices of Plantation Teak
Imported to India
TEAKNET Partner Event “Global Significance of
Teak- Present and Future” at Asia Pacific Forestry Week 2016
The Asia Pacific Forestry Week 2016 with the theme „Growing Our Future‟
was successfully organised by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the
United Nations (FAO) and its partners in association with the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) of the Republic of Philippines
at the Fontana Convention Center, Clark Freeport Zone during 22-26
February 2016.
During the Forestry Week, TEAKNET in association with IUFRO and FAO
organised a Partner Event “Global Significance of Teak – Present and
Future” on 24 February 2016 at Widus Hotel, Clark. Delegates from the
Asia Pacific region and from other regions converged for the Partner Event
to discuss the way forward in promoting teak (Tectona grandis) as one of
the major high-value tropical timber species. Dr. Michael Kleine, Dy. Execu-
tive Director from IUFRO Headquarters, Vienna chaired the session.
Co-sponsored by IUFRO Teakwood Working Party (Div 5.06.02) and
FAO of the United Nations
A brief report of the Partner Event on “Global Significance Teak- Present and
Future” is given in the bulletin. Readers are requested to visit the webpage of
TEAKNET www.teaknet.org for a detailed report and pictures.
Brief highlights of a workshop conducted by Kerala Forest Research Institute,
Peechi for farmers on teak cultivation is also given. A short article on a grower-
friendly nursery technique - raising a teak nursery bed with an innovative use
of newspaper, is included in the Bulletin. In addition, upcoming events and
market price of plantation teak imported to India on C & F basis is reproduced
for the benefit of readers based on the latest MIS report by ITTO.
We welcome your valuable contributions of news items of interest to teak
growers, traders and researchers through our e-Newsletter.
P.K. Thulasidas
TEAKNET Coordinator
Read more on page 2
Teaknet Bulletin 9(2):2016 Page 2 of 7
Dr. Michael Kleine in his welcome address high-
lighted the significance of convening a Partner
Event on Teak under Stream 1: Pathways to
Prosperity: Future Trade and Markets of APFW
2016. The Session was attended by over 25 partici-
pants and five papers were presented. The
highlights of the deliberations were as follows;
Current trends show that global demand for and
importance of Teak will significantly increase as a
business opportunity for the private sector and
thereby providing a means of income for small-
holder farmers. Interest and investments in estab-
lishing teak plantations in many tropical countries
have increased, mainly as a response to the
decrease of log supply from natural teak forests
due to the log export ban by Myanmar.
Read more on page 3
As explained by Dr. P.K. Thulasidas, Coordinator of
TEAKNET, the problems we face are two-fold:
(a) the genetic diversity of natural teak forest is
gradually eroding due to forest destruction and
(b) the genetic base of planted teak established in
the past is rather narrow. This endanger its
sustainability, particularly in view of new
challenges posed by climate change and
extreme weather events.
Production of genetically improved quality planting
stock is a pre-requisite for increased productivity of
teak plantations in future and clonal teak
plantations are gaining acceptance worldwide as
highlighted by Dr. Doreen Goh from YSG Biotech,
Sabah, Malaysia. The availability of timber from
selected fast growing teak clones with straight bole
form and greater heartwood content, is the way to
overcome the market shortage arising from the ban
of natural teak.
Welcome Address by Michael, Kleine, Dy. Executive
Director from IUFRO
Presentation by P.K.Thulasidas, TEAKNET Coordinator
Doreen Goh, YSG Biotech, Malaysia on clonal teak
plantations
Continued from page 1
On teak market trends by Li Qiang, Systems / Market
Analyst, ITTO, Japan
Teaknet Bulletin 9(2):2016 Page 3 of 7
Mr. Li Qiang from ITTO, Japan presented the
scenario of global teak trade and market trends in
view of the log export ban by Myanmar and says
that the future teak supply will be from plantations.
There exists huge price difference between natural
and plantation teak logs.
Against this background, the Global Teak Support
Programme currently being formulated by IUFRO,
TEAKNET and FAO with the objectives to conserve
the existing natural teak resources for future
genetic breeding programmes and sustainable
management of planted teak, was presented by
Dr. Michael Kleine from IUFRO HQ, Vienna.
Ms. M. P. Sreelakshmy from the TEAKNET Secre-
tariat made a presentation on the services provided
on a global scale with regard to the dissemination
of information on all aspects of teak cultivation and
management. There was a general agreement that
this Network need to be further strengthened.
Following the presentations by experts on various
aspects of teak management, marketing and
trade, participants provided comments and sugges-
tions for consideration in the project design.
The main points made include enhanced exchange
of technical and operational experiences among
teak managers and scientists through TEAKNET;
further genetic research on gene markers for
tracing teak genetic origins; careful design of
equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms for creating
genetically improved planting material and
development of best practices of teak manage-
ment and its dissemination to farmers through
proper extension services.
During the initial phase of the Global Teak Support
Programme funded by ITTO, a thorough analysis
of past teak-related projects will be conducted by
a group of scientists generating further inputs for
this project. Overall, participants agreed that the
joint initiative by IUFRO, TEAKNET and FAO will
provide an important impetus in future efforts to
conserve and sustainably manage the world‟s teak
genetic resources.
Report by
P.K. Thulasidas,
Coordinator, TEAKNET
Presentation by M.P. Sreelakshmy, TEAKNET Secretariat
Continued from page 2
Global Teak Support Programme
by IUFRO, TEAKNET and FAO
underway !
As part of the effort at conserving the teak
genetic resources at a global level, IUFRO,
TEAKNET and FAO has taken up a joint venture
for a Global Teak Support Programme funded
by the International Tropical Timber
Organisation (ITTO), Japan. The Programme will
be launched soon.
To view the PHOTO GALLERY of Asia Pacific Forestry Week 2016 kindly visit TEAKNET Facebook Page
Teaknet Bulletin 9(2):2016 Page 4 of 7
Workshop on Teak Cultivation and Management
for Farmers of Kerala
Benefits of Using Newspaper to Cover Teak Nursery Beds
U.M. Chandrashekara
Scientist in-Charge, Kerala Forest Research Institute Sub Centre, Nilambur, Kerala, India
Email: [email protected]
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is one of the most favored timbers all over the world, since it has been used for many
centuries for a variety of products and services. It is known for its strength, durability and maintaining attractive
appearance. Obviously, teak is one of the most sought after hardwoods in the international market. The ever
increasing need of teak timber has resulted in large scale plantations, both within and outside its range of natural
distribution. It may be pointed out here that in almost all teak-growing countries the importance of farm lands
and other private land holdings to supply teak wood is enhancing. In this context, easily adaptable nursery,
cultivation, and management practices need to be developed and popularized. The purpose of this article is to
present a teak growers‟ friendly nursery technique.
After sowing the seeds of teak in nursery beds it has been a practice in Kerala to cover the soil with materials like
foliage of gooseberry (Emblica officinalis) to avoid the displacement or exposure of germinating seeds. Scarcity of
foliage led to use paddy straw to cover the nursery beds. However, even the availability of paddy straw is
becoming less and the cost escalates. In background, an attempt has been made in Kerala Forest Research
Institute Sub Centre, Nilambur, to assess the feasibility of using old newspapers to cover the teak nursery beds.
The study was also extended to compare the germination percentage and initial height increment of teak
seedlings and the initial weed biomass in teak beds covered by paddy straw and old newspaper.
The Extension and Training Division of the Kerala Forest
Research Institute conducted a Workshop on “Teak Cultivation
and Management” for a selected group of farmers of Kerala
during 29 and 30 March 2016, respectively at Peechi and
Nilambur campus of KFRI. About 44 farmers have been trained
on various aspects of teak cultivation such as preparation of
nursery bed for raising seedlings, seed handling
techniques, cloning of teak, establishment of teak plantations
and silvicultural management. These selected farmers intend to
cultivate teak in their small holdings/ home gardens during the
current planting season in June-July. KFRI scientists served as
resource persons and Dr. A. V. Raghu coordinated the training
programme. KFRI periodically conducts such training
programmes on Teak Cultivation and Management for the
benefit of prospective growers. For details contact:
Programme Coordinator, Extension and Training Division, KFRI
Read more on page 5
Teaknet Bulletin 9(2):2016 Page 5 of 7
Two thousand four hundred healthy seeds of teak were selected and subjected to pre- sowing treatment
(alternate wetting and drying method). Later, 12 nursery beds were raised to 0.3 m above ground level and
two hundred seeds per bed were sowed. While four beds were covered with paddy straw, other four beds were
covered with old newspaper and the cover thickness was a single sheet. Four beds were left uncovered and
used as control. When seeds started germinating (generally one week after sowing), paddy straw and paper
were removed to avoid bending of the emerging seedlings. Number of teak seeds germinated, seedling height
and dry weight of weed biomass in the beds one month and two months after seed sowing were calculated.
We have not recorded any significant difference (P≥0.05) between treatments for the germination percentage
and seedling height of teak (Table 1). On the other hand, after 1and 2 months of sowing, the weed biomass
was significantly more (P≤0.05) in nursery beds covered with paddy straw followed by control beds. Weeds
were least in beds covered with paper (Table 1). Out of 21 species of weeds recorded, 12 species including
paddy (Oryza sativa) were exclusively seen in the nursery beds covered with straw (Table 2). The weed
biomass in paddy straw covered bed was significantly higher mainly because seeds of species like Oryza sativa,
Corchorus aestuans, Mollugo pentaphylla, Ludwigia perennis, Cyperus rotundus etc., entered into the beds
along with paddy straw and their seedlings contributed much to the total weed biomass. Weed biomass in paper
covered beds were comparatively low, possibly due to of poor germination of seeds of weeds due to non-
availability of adequate light under paper cover.
Table 1. Germination percentage and seedling height of teak and biomass of weeds in teak nursery beds 1 & 2
months after sowing. Values are mean ± SE.
Continued from page 4
Period since sowing
1 month 2 months
Parameters
Beds not covered
after sow-
ing
Beds cov-ered by paddy
straw
Beds cov-ered by old newspaper
Beds not covered
after sow-
ing
Beds cov-ered by paddy
straw
Beds cov-ered by old newspaper
Germination (%) of teak seeds
58±6
41 ±4 44 ±3 86 ±2 81 ±2 85 ±2
Teak seedling height (cm) 11.2± 0.4 11.4 ±0.6 10.5 ± 0.5 20.7 ±0.5 20.1 ±0.9 19.5 ± 0.7
Weed biomass (gm m-2) 8.9 ±1.9 4.3±0.8 3.9 ± 0.6 40.4±3.5 50.8 ±4.3 28.9 ± 1.9
Read more on page 6
A view of nursery Teak nursery bed being covered with newspaper
Teaknet Bulletin 9(2):2016 Page 6 of 7
Table 2. Weedy species recorded in teak nursery beds.
* Seen in teak nursery beds covered with paddy straw
** Seen in teak nursery beds covered with paddy straw and major biomass contributors
To cover a standard teak nursery bed (12 m long x 1.2 m wide) it is estimated that about 3.75 kg of paddy
straw will be required. On the other hand, to cover the same area of nursery bed, 0.40 kg of news paper is
sufficient. Thus, use of paper to cover nursery bed not only reduces the weed biomass but also economically
beneficial as the material cost for covering beds and labour cost for weeding can be drastically minimized.
Continued from page 5
Abrus precatorius Ichnocarpus frutescens
Aristolochia indica Lindernia ciliata*
Spermacoce hispida** Ludwigia perennis**
Cleome viscosa * Mimosa pudica
Corchorus aestuans** Mollugo pentaphylla*
Cyclea peltata Oldenlandia umbellata*
Cyperus rotundus * Oryza sativa*
Desmodium triflorum Scoparia dulcis
Eclipta prostrata* Synedrella nodiflora*
Helicteres isora Trema orientalis
Hemidesmus indicus
Upcoming Events
IUFRO Regional Congress for Asia and Oceania 2016: “Forests for Sustainable
Development: The Role of Research”, October 24-27, 2016, Beijing, China
Asia and Oceania encompass only about one-quarter of the world's land area, but provide home to more than
one-half of the world's population. Most countries in this region have experienced extremely rapid social and
economic developments and forest changes in recent years. The first IUFRO Regional Congress for Asia and
Oceania 2016 aims at reaching a common understanding about the status and trends of forests and the
consequent research needs towards sustainable forestry development. It also aims at generating research
synergies for well-informed policy and decision making to meet the forest governance and management
demands in the transition period. The conference, Forests for Sustainable Development: The Role of Research,
is jointly organized by IUFRO in association with the Chinese Academy of Forestry.
For details, please log on to www.iufro-ao2016.org
Prices of Plantation Teak Imported to India
Courtesy: ITTO TTM Report 20(6): 16-31 March 2016
Editorial Committee
Dr. P.K. Thulasidas
Dr. Mammen Chundamannil
Dr. E. M. Muralidharan
Dr. S. Sandeep
Teaknet Bulletin is a quarterly electronic newsletter of TEAKNET brought out through its website. It is intended for
circulation among the members of TEAKNET and other stakeholders of global teak sector. The views expressed in
the newsletter are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization. The readers are
welcome to express their opinions or pass on information of value to teak growers, traders, researchers or others
concerned with teak. However, TEAKNET reserves the right to choose the contributions for publishing and also to
make necessary editorial modifications in the articles in consultation with the authors.
Address all communications to:
TEAKNET Coordinator
Kerala Forest Research Institute
Peechi-680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, India
Tel: +91 487 2690396; Fax: +91 487 2690111
Email: [email protected]
Country of Origin
Logs US$ per cu.m C & F
Angola 459-574
Belize 350-400
Benin 290-614
Brazil 321-665
Cameroon 405- 616
Colombia 426-775
Congo D.R. 450-761
Costa Rica 320-780
Côte d'Ivoire 289-756
El-Salvador 399-732
Ghana 276-434
Guatemala 360-451
Guyana 300-450
Kenya 515-876
Laos 300-605
Liberia 265-460
Malaysia 225-516
Mexican 515
Nicaragua 402-505
Panama 368-430
PNG 443-575
Sudan 488-857
Thailand 511-700
Togo 354-590
Trinidad and Tobago 557-680
Uganda 411-576
Sawn wood / Squares
Uganda sawn 680-900
Benin sawn 530-872
Tanzania sawn 307-613
Brazil squares 370-556
Ecuador squares 254-564
Nigeria squares 321-405
Variations are based on quality, lengths of logs and the
average girth.
Teaknet Bulletin 9(2):2016 Page 7 of 7