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Teaching Structures ConstructivistWhole Language Balanced or 4 Block Research Based

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Language Arts Spelling By PresenterMedia.comPresenterMedia.com How Has Spelling Been Taught? Think about your experiences with spelling. Talk with your shoulder partner about these experiences.

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Emergent Letter-Name Spelling Within Word Spelling Syllables and Affixes Derivational Relations Spelling Turn to page 399 in your text book. Discuss the characteristics of the stages of spelling development. What grade levels would you equate to each stage? What should be explicitly taught at each stage? Can students be in more than one stage at the same time? Stages of Spelling Development

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1. The History of English Explains Spelling 2. We Spell by Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence 3. We Spell by the Position of a Phoneme 4. We Spell by Letter Pattern 5. We Spell by Meaning Spelling Principles

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Timeline Of The English Language Pre-EnglishOld EnglishMiddle EnglishModern English 54 450 1150 1500 Roman Alphabet Anglo SaxonNorman French Shakespheare introducedBeowolfand Latin spokenFirst Dictionary Nordic Influenceby noblesPrinting Press Canterberry Tales Renassance infused Latin and Greek into English The History of English Explains Spelling

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Features of Words Language of OriginFeatures of WordsWord Examples Anglo Saxon (Old English) Short, one-syllable words, sometimes compound Use of vowel teams, silent letters, vowels, and diphtongs in spelling Words for common, everyday things Irregular spellings Sky, earth moon, dog, sheep, coat, brother, hate, love, think, want, touch, does, were, been, could, Norman French ou for /u/ Soft c and g when followed by e, i, y Special endings such as -ine, -ette, -elle, -ique Amuse, cousin, cuisine, country, peace, triage, rouge, baguette, novice, justice, soup, coupon, nouvelle, boutique Latin/Romance Multisyllabic words with prefixes, roots, suffixes Content words found in test of social sciences, traditional physical sciences, and literature Firmament, terrestrial, solar stellar, aquarium, mammal, equine, pacify, mandible, extremity, maternity, hostility, amorous, deception, reject Greek Spellings ph for /f/, ch for /k/, and y for /i/ Philosophical, mathematical, and scientific terminology Hypnosis, agnostic, decathalon, catatonic, agoraphobia, chlorophyll

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Language of Origin Word in EnglishLanguage of Origin algebraLatin curriculumGreek blitzSpanish incommunicadoItalian celloFrench balletArabic athleteGerman

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Phoneme- the smallest unit of sound. Grapheme- a letter or letter combination that corresponds to or represents a phoneme. (26 letters used individually or in combination to represent the 44 sounds.) Types of Consonant Graphemes: Single lettersb, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z Doubletsff, ll, ss, zz Digraphsth, sh, ch, wh, ph, ng, gh, Tri-graphstch, dge Consonants in blendss-c-r, th-r, c-l, f-t, l-k (milk), s-t, Silent-letter combinationskn, wr, gn, ps, rh, -lm, -lk (folk), -mn, -st (Study the chart Frequency of Graphemes for Consonant Phonemes in English) We Spell by Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence

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Types of Vowel Graphemes: Single letter(short vowels) a, e, i, o, u (long vowels) e, o, u Vowel teams(short vowels) ea, oo (long vowels) oa, igh, eigh (diphthongs) oi, ou Vowel-r ar, or, er, ur, ir combinations Vowel-consonant-eate, ete, ude, ope, ive (Study the chart: frequency of Graphemes for Vowel Phonemes in English) We Spell by Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence

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When do we double f, l, s at the end of the word? When do we spell /k/ with a c? When do we spell /k/ with a k? When do we spell /k/ with a ck? When do we spell /s/ with a c? When do we spell /ng/ with an n? When do we spell /ng/ with an ng? When do we use tch for /ch/? When do we use ch for /ch/? (Study the chart: Common Vowel Spellings by Position in the Syllable) We Spell by the Position of a Phoneme

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Six Syllable Types: Closed- a syllable with a short vowel, spelled with a single vowel letter ending in one or more consonants. Vowel- Consonant-e- A syllable with a long vowel, spelled with one vowel + one consonant + silent e. Open- A syllable that ends with a long vowel sound, spelled with a single vowel letter. Vowel Team- Syllable with long or short vowel spellings that use two to four letters to spell the vowel. Includes diphthongs oi and oy. Vowel-r- A syllable with er, ir, or, ar, or ur. Vowel pronunciation often changes before r. Consonant le- An unaccented final syllable that contains a consonant before /l/, followed by a silent e. Odd and Schwa syllables- Usually final, unaccented syllables with odd spellings. We Spell by Letter Patterns

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Place the syllables under the correct heading. boelintorproganglecholo ducetlehornboneviusketdi cymbuorrectrombaldrumboard petharpkeytrumistleadermus sic If time, with a partner combine the 17 syllables into music or musical performance terms. Musical Syllables ClosedVCeOpenVowel Team Vowel-rC-le

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Consonant Doubling Drop the Silent e Change y to I (With your shoulder partner discuss and state the rule) Spelling Rules for Adding Endings

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Morphemes- the smallest meaningful parts of words. May be one syllable (bread, eat, drink) May be more than one syllable (water, apple, bagel) Words may contain one or more morphemes. (lobe, ear + lobe, ear+lobe+s) We Spell by Meaning