teaching presentation winter survival techniques jason kim feb2005 111113202829 phpapp01

7/29/2019 Teaching Presentation Winter Survival Techniques Jason Kim Feb2005 111113202829 Phpapp01

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Winter Survival Techniques

ALERT Cadet

Alpha 3rd California

2005 : 1/23 ~ 1/25


2/16

Winter Survival Tools

Multi-Purpose Knife (Swiss army or Leatherman)

Avalanche Shovel and/or Snow Pick

Steel Wire (10 ftsetting fire on suspended firewood)

Duct Tape (binding any broken things)

Rice (quick energy - 3 cups of rice per person per day)

Small Cooking Pot with Lid (boiling waters)

Wood Powered Camp Stove (no liquid fuels)

Lighter and Matches (bring plenty of extra)


3/16

Winter Survival Needs

Hazards of Winter Weathers

Getting about in the snow

Snow Shelters

Warmth (Clothing, Fire)

Water (Circulation)

Food (Energy)


4/16

Hazards of Cold Weather Exposure(frostbite, snow blindness, and hypothermia)

Stretch muscles in every directions (winkle face, exercise hands) Watch each other for patches of waxy, reddening or blackened

skin, especially faces, ears, and hands.

Do not get clothing wet whether through sweat or water.

Dry them as soon as possible. Knock snow off before entering shelter, or leave outer clothing at

the entrance to avoid melting snow which wet gear and clothing.

Avoid tight clothing which reduces circulation.

Never go out without adequate clothinghowever briefly. Never touch metal with bare hands. Avoid spilling gasoline on

bare flesh. Lower melting point causes more damage than water.


5/16

Emergency Snowshoes(to get to safety without exhaustion in knee deep snows)

Cut two stocky branches about 3 feet long Fir tree with plenty of small green branches

Tie one branch to each foot at the front end of

the branch.

Thread the string through something on the

front of your boot. Leave enough room for

swivel during walk.


6/16

Emergency Drinking Water(eating snow takes away calories which leads to hypothermia)

Converting snow to water takes incredible energy. Melt snow over a firebut, add small amount at a time

on a seed water to convert snow to slush to water.

Collect solar-heated water by making a depressedbasin on snow and covering it with black trash bag.

Obtain by digging a hole in frozen lakes or streams

where there is running water beneath the ice.

Purify stream water by boiling, but snow melted water

should be safer. DO NOT use water filter or iodine

when water temperature is below 60 degree F.


7/16

Emergency Fire in Snow(to keep warm, boil water, cook meal, and for signaling)

Hanging firewood fire for warmth. Keeps the firewood from melting into snow.

Make metal mesh with steel wire (~10 ft).

Stack the fire wood with starter, tinder, and fuel.

Candle Light

Animal Fat oil


8/16

Water Purification Techniques(for drinking and food preparation)

Boil water for 3~5 minutes plus additional oneminutes per every 1000 feet of elevation.(ex: at 5000 ft elevation, boil for about 8~10 minutes.)

Preheat water to above 60o

F to use Filtration.(not recommended, because the sub freezing water in the pumpcould have cracked the filter to contaminate the system.)

Preheat water to above 60oF to use Chemical.(not recommended, because Iodine and Chlorine becomeineffective in cold water temperatures.)


9/16

Winter Snow Shelters(for warmth, safety, and security but requires lots of energy)

Igloo - can be constructed if there is enoughsnow with proper consistency to pack intohard blocks

Snow Pit - can be created by digging a trenchin the snow down to ground level (if possible).

Snow Cave - can be dug into a snow hillside.

Snow Mound Shelter (Quinzee) if notenough snow or not enough consistency

Winter Tents when prepared with snow tents.


10/16

Cautions for Snow Shelters

Keep Dry: While shoveling and digging, you will get warm and wet from sweat. So takesome layers off while you're digging. Only dry clothes will keep you warm when cold.

Keep Warm: The thicker the walls of your shelter are, the more insulation you'll have.While waiting for the snow to harden, remain active in order to stay warm, prepare a meal,

collect some boughs, get a fire going. Don't just sit around!

Keep Exit Open: You want to block the entrance of your shelter after you enter in order tokeep the shelter warm but don't seal the doorway, leave some cracks and spaces to allow air to

circulate. Bring your digging tool inside the shelter with you in case you have to dig your way

out in the morning.

Keep Light: If you leave the shelter at night, be sure to leave a light on to guide you back.Don't light up a gas stove, trioxide or any other chemicals. This can give you a lethal dose of

carbon monoxide even with ventilation holes. Candles are the maximum I would use.

Keep Boots: If it's freezing cold, wrap your boots and water bottle in a plastic bag and takethem into your sleeping bag (if you have one).

Brush-off Snows: Brush off all particles of snow stuck to your clothes before enteringthe shelter or they will melt and get you wet.


11/16

Igloo(for longer term stay with sufficient hard-packed snow)

LocationFlat area away from trees and bigrocks. Orient for cross wind entrance hole.

ConstructionCut snow blocks to constructspiral wall small enough for you to lie down and

put your gears. Bedding area should be raisedand insulated. dig general purpose area for

gears and stove shelves. Make 3 ft deep

entrance hole with snow block covers.

Roofcover block seams with power snow.Smooth out internal ceiling to avoid dripping.

Ventilation -. Make ~2 ventilation hole on thetop of the roof for cooking and heating inside.


12/16

Snow Cave Shelter(when there is packed snow bank or drift for burrowing)

Locationhard packed snow bank on the lee-ward side of a steep ridge or river bank. Snow driftshould be at least 9 ft deep. Avoid newly fallen,powdery, or loose snow. Probe it with sticks.

Constructionburrow a small entrance tunnelthen dig a chamber right angles up the entrance.Sleeping and sitting platform should be above theentrance. Smooth out the ceiling to avoid waterdripping and make draining channels around the

sleeping area. Insulate sleeping area. Make a shelfand aluminum heat reflector for candle.

Ventilation -. Make ~2 ventilation hole on thetop side of roof. Lit candle can raise inside by 20degrees. Cover entrance hole with backpack.


13/16

Snow Pit Trench Shelter(for open area with sufficient snows depth)

LocationFlat area away from trees and bigrocks. Orient the trench down wind on the short

side of the trench.

Constructiondig 3 ft deep, small enough for

you to lie down and put your gears. Bedding areashould be raised and insulate with soft branches

and leaves. Make 1.5 ft x1.5 ft trench entrance

with snow block as a door.

Roof - support with poles, ski, or sticks and coverwith tarp. Cover ~3 with dry snow or 1.5 wet

snow blocks.

Ventilation -. Make 5x5 ventilation hole onthe opposite side of door if wants to cook inside.


14/16

Quinzee

Snow Mound Shelter(when there is not enough snow make a snow pile and dig)

Locationselect an area in the snow about 6 to 8feet in diameter with no trees or big rocks in the way.

Preparationpile the snow on top of your coveredgear/brush. The snow should be heaped on to allowgreater insulation. let the mound sit for a few hours toallow the snow to be hardened together.

Constructiondig horizontally at the bottom of themound to create the entrance. Remove snow insideand put them on the outside heap. Clear the floor and

put ~1 layers of snow for the sleeping area. Smoothout ceiling and glaze the inside with candle heat.

Ventilation -. Make ~2 ventilation hole on the topside of roof. Lit candle can raise inside by 20 degrees.Reduce entrance hole to be smaller. Cover entrance

hole with backpack.


15/16

Emergency Signaling(Most air searches are done from 200 to 500 feet.)

Needs to be visible from 200~500 feet. Signal in sets of three (calls or signs)

to indicate emergency help request.

Post flags and make markings to getrescuers attention and lead them to

your shelter entrance. (It will be

difficult to hear and watch for the

rescuers when you are inside yourshelter)


16/16

Semaphore Flag Signaling

The flags are held, arms extended, in various positions

representing each of the letters of the alphabet. The

pattern resembles a clock face divided into eight

positions: up, down, out, high, low, for each of the left

and right hands (LH and RH) six letters require the hand

to be brought across the body so that both flags are on

the same side.

first circle: A, B, C, D, E, F, G;

second circle: H, I, K, L, M, N (omitting J);

third circle: O, P, Q, R, S;fourth circle: T, U, Y and 'annul';

fifth circle: 'numeric', J (or 'alphabetic'), V;

sixth circle: W, X;

seventh circle: Z

E

teaching presentation winter survival techniques jason kim feb2005 111113202829 phpapp01

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