teaching models
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Teaching Models, Approaches, Strategies and Methods
At the end of the lessons, the students should be able to explain1.Various teaching models,
approaches, strategies and methods of teaching
2.The implications of teaching models on teaching and learning
objectives
Definitions …Approaches oA set of assumptions dealing
with the nature of language, learning, and teaching
oThe explanation of why we teach that way
Methods oAn overall plan for
systematic presentation of language based upon a selected approach
oThe way we teach
Definitions …Strategy oa plan or a program that is
extensively used to ensure that a certain message or lesson is passed from the teacher to the student
oa skill in planning and managing methods and teaching techniques to achieve learning outcomes Techniques
oSpecific activities manifested in the classroom that were consistent with a method and harmony with approach
TEACHING STRATEGY
APPROACH METHOD TECHNIQUES
InductiveDeductiveEclectiveCommunicativeComprehensionOralNaturalSituationalConstructivismContextual
• Direct• Grammar
Translation• Audiolingual• Cognitive
code• Natural• Translation
• Role play• Simulation• Debate• Brainstorming• Elocution• Discussion• Story telling• Reading
aloud• Drama• Interview
Teaching Models
1.The Behavioural Systems Family2.The Information – Processing Family3.Social Family4.The Personal Family
Tested steps and procedures to effectively generate desired outcomes.Can be classified into 4 categories
1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Drawn from the body of knowledge known as Behaviour Theory
Behavioural models of instruction and learning have their origins in classical and operant conditioning environments that stimulate individuals to act in certain ways
1.The Behavioural Systems Family
Educator’s task is to identify the kinds of environmental variables that affect learner behaviour and apply the findings to enhance learning
Among the models in this category are Mastery Learning, Learning from Simulations, Direct Learning and Social Learning
1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Mastery Learning based on the concept that all
students can learn when provided with conditions appropriate to their situation
students are to master certain skills – 80% before moving on to new materials
the student must reach a predetermined level of mastery on one unit before they are allowed to progress to the next
1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Mastery Learning organizes materials to be
learned in relatively small, sequenced instructional modules that are presented to the students with assessments of learning embedded
Learning tasks are regulated according to the progress of the learners and which teach students to pace themselves for optimal performance
1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Learning from Simulations Allows students to face realistic
conditions Learning by doing Done through simulations and
discussions Nurtures and instructs a
variety of educational outcomes – concepts and skills; cooperation and competition; critical thinking and decision-making.
2. The Information-Processing Family
Emphasize ways of enhancing the learner’s innate drive to make sense of the world by:
1. Acquiring and organizing data
2. Sensing problems and generating solutions to them
3. Developing concepts and language for conveying them
2. The Information-Processing Family
based on the idea that humans process the information they receive, rather than merely responding to stimuli.
equates the mind to a computer, which is responsible for analyzing information from the environment.
2. The Information-Processing FamilySome models provide the
learner with information and concepts
Some emphasize concept formation and hypothesis testing
Others generate creative thinking
A few are designed to enhance general intellectual ability
Many are useful for studying the self and society – suitable for achieving the personal and social goals of education
2. The Information-Processing Family
Among the models which are in this category:
Advance Organizer Inquiry Training Concept
Attainment/Concept Learning/ Concept Formation/ Category Learning
2. The Information-Processing Family
Advance Organizer an instructional unit that is
used before direct instruction, or before a new topic; this is sometimes called a hook, set induction, or anticipatory set
popularized by David Ausubel in 1968
introduced in advance of direct instruction
2. The Information-Processing FamilyAdvance Organizer presented at a higher level of
abstraction than the information presented later
designed to bridge the gap between what the learner already knows and what she needs to know
use of advance organizers has shown, through several research studies, to improve levels of understanding and recall
2. The Information-Processing Family
Inquiry Training Is built around sets of
puzzling problems which students attempt to solve by collecting and verifying data, developing concepts, and building and testing hypotheses
2. The Information-Processing FamilyInquiry Training Stemmed from the
observations “When children are young the world to them is full of questions to ask. Somewhere along the way, they get the idea that becoming an adult means leaving the world of questioning to enter the world of knowing the answers. ”
2. The Information-Processing FamilyInquiry Training describes approaches to
learning that are based on the investigation of questions, scenarios or problems - often assisted by a facilitator
Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to develop their knowledge or solutions
2. The Information-Processing FamilyConcept Attainment Provides teachers with a
conceptual alternative to induction, enabling them to control data sets and help students develop precise knowledge of concepts
is largely based on the works of the cognitive psychologist Jerome Bruner
2. The Information-Processing FamilyConcept Attainment is a strategy which requires a
learner to compare and contrast groups or categories that contain concept-relevant features with groups or categories that do not contain concept-relevant features.
a learning task in which a human or machine learner is trained to classify objects by being shown a set of example objects along with their class labels.