INFECTIONteaching basics

Dr.T.V.Rao MD

INFECTION IS GREAT

THREAT TO LIFEThe great threat to Life is Infection in spite of many

Medical advances

The Morbidity and Mortality in Developing

countries is much higher many patients are

illiterate and poor, so really we do not work

on this area as there is no Accountability

With advances and use misuse of Antibiotics,

unhygienic practices lead to spread of Hospital

acquired infections have become a threat even in

Developed countries

Life is experience start learning

The TIME IS TICKING

My Friends we are moving from

Microbiology to Infection

Transmission of Infections

Infections can be transmitted through a

variety of routes from one part of your body

to another, or from person to person, from

the environment, food or even animals.

People can become infected by contact…

touching something or someone; by

breathing something in or by swallowing

something, or infections can be introduced

through a cut or wound

Do we Spread Infections?

Despite our best intentions, health

professionals sometimes act as

vectors of disease, disseminating

new infections among their

unsuspecting clients. Attention to

simple preventive strategies may

significantly reduce disease

transmission rates

Infection a threat to Life Modern medicine has led

to dramatic changes in

infectious diseases

practice. Vaccination and

antibiotic therapy have

benefited millions of

persons. However,

constrained resources

now threaten our ability to

adequately manage

threats of infectious

1 Influenza

2 Tuberculosis

WHO IS INCHARGE OF

INFECTION Infection control programmes are cost-

effective, but their implementation is

often hindered by a lack of support from

administrators and poor compliance by

doctors, nurses, and other health

workers. Some health professionals

suffer from the “Omo syndrome”—a

belief that they are always super clean

and sterile

MOST LIFE THREATING INFECTIONS

CAN BE PREVENTED -

RARELY CURED Just think How much we can cure these Infections

Hepatitis B and C

HIV Infection

Influenza

Today EBOLA

ARE OUR HANDS CLEAN

JUST NO The hands of staff are

the commonest

vehicles by which

microorganisms are

transmitted between

patients. Hand

washing is accepted

as the single most

important measure in

infection

Hand washingThe hands of staff are the

commonest vehicles by which

microorganisms are transmitted

between patients Hand washing

is accepted as the single most

important measure in

infection control

When should you wash

your hands?

Before eating food

Before and after caring for someone who is sick

Before and after treating a cut or wound

After using the toilet

After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing

How should you wash

your hands?Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and apply soap.

Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.

Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer?

Rinse your hands well under clean, running water.

Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.

Steps in Hand Washing

What to Use for Hand

Washing Alcoholic hand

disinfection is

generally used in

Europe, while hand

washing with

medicated soap is

more commonly

practised in the United

States.

What is the Best Soap to

wash Hands

Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective

against most bacteria and many viruses than

either medicated or non-medicated soaps

CAN I USE THE ALCHOOL

HAND WASH Require less time to use

Result in a significantly

greater reduction in bacterial

numbers than soap and water

in many clinical situations

Cause less irritation to the

skin

Can be made readily

accessible to HCWs

Are more cost effective

GlovesGloves are a useful

additional means of

reducing nosocomial

infection, but they

supplement rather than

replace hand washing.

Possible microbial

contamination of hands

and transmission of

infection has been

reported despite gloves

being worn.

MasksIt has never been shown that

wearing surgical facemasks

decreases postoperative

wound infections. When

originally introduced, the

primary function of the

surgical mask was to prevent

the migration of

microorganisms residing in

the nose and mouth of

members of the operating

team to the open wound of the

patient.

USED SYRINGE AND NEEDLE

A threat to Life

The important pathogens to be considered in this

situation are hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C

virus (HCV) and HIV . It is essential that the health

care provider be knowledgeable about the risks of

acquisition of these viruses following needle stick

injuries, and the recommendations for management

and follow-up. it is prudent to assume that the needle

may have been contaminated with one or more of

these viruses.

DO NOT PLAY WITH NEEDLES

WHO reports in the World

Health Report 2002, that of

the 35 million health-care

workers, 2 million experience

percutaneous exposure to

infectious diseases each year.

It further notes that 37.6% of

Hepatitis B, 39% of Hepatitis

C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in

Health-Care Workers around

the world are due to needle

stick injuries

DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES

Needle stick injuries are

a common event in the

healthcare environment.

These injuries also

commonly occur during

needle recapping and as

a result of failure to place

used needles in

approved sharps

containers

Dealing with Needle Stick

Injuries

Encourage bleeding at the site of puncture

Wash the wound

Do not scrub the wound while you're washing it. This can make the injury worse.

Never try to suck the wound

Dry and cover the wound. Use a sterile material to dry the wound and immediately cover the wound with a waterproof plaster or dressing.

Dealing with Simple Wounds

A primary concern

Dealing with Trivial injuries without

any Infection control precautions

can be Dangerous

1 Gas gangrene,

2 Tetanus

3 Cellulitis

4 Wound infection with

Staphylococcus

Dealing with Burn Wounds

A primary concern

Primary care in handling wounds

makes the difference

Cut injury Looks simple but

Infections can make difference

Hospital Acquired Infections

Threat to Life and Reputation of the

Hospital An infection acquired

in hospital by a patient

who was admitted for

a reason other than

that infection. This

includes infections

acquired in the

hospital but appearing

after discharge, and

also occupational

infections among staff

of the facility

Hospital Acquired Infections

Behavioural

Changes Previous studies have

shown that the traditional

approach of lecture-base

education alone does not

result in meaningful

behavioural changes.

Rather it is thought that a

blended learning

approach, with particular

focus on the small group

format is important.

WHOSE BUSINESS IS

INFECTION CONTROL?

WHO IS INCHARGE OF

INFECTION CONTROL ?

WE ARE ALL

RESPONSIBLE

The 10 standard infection

control precautions are

1 Hand Hygiene

2. Personal Protective

Equipment

3. Respiratory and Cough

Hygiene

4. Management of Blood and

Body Fluid Spillage

5. Occupational Exposure

Management

The 10 standard infection

control precautions are

7. Management of Care

Equipment

8. Providing Care in the Most

Appropriate Place

9. Management of Linen

10. Safe Management of

Waste

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Use Universal

Precautions. Universal

precautions is an

approach to infection

control to treat all human

blood and certain human

body fluids as if they

were known to be

infectious for HIV, HBV

and other blood borne

pathogens,

Start Practising Hand HygieneTODAY IS A GOOD BEGINNING

You may need to

wash your hands a

number of times

throughout your

working day – pause

now and think of 5

occasions where you

may need to wash

your hands.

ARE THE FLOWERS SAFE IN THE

HOSPITAL?

Never Forget Manners makes

a lot of Difference Medical profession has been dealing with the repercussions of “bad bedside manner” for years, and anyone who’s been to the hospital recently can tell you there has been a marked change in the way that medical staff interact with patients.

The incorporation of empathy skills into medical school and residency.

My Friends our Patients are not lifeless

objects

Keep them in good Humour

MEDICINE IS CHANGING FROM

TRADATIONAL TO MODERN METHODS

ADVICE FROM MY TEACHRS

learn more on Infectious diseases?

SOCIAL MEDIA AND

INFECTION The Facebook and Twitter are

well connected with issues on

Infection

Can be connected with me if

you have any clarification you

reach me

Rao’s Infection

care

Rao’s

Microbiology on FACEBOOK

Program created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for Medical and Paramedical students for basic

understanding on Infectious diseases

Email

doctortvrao@gmail.com