TaxonomyTaxonomy

What is What is taxonomytaxonomy??

TaxonomyTaxonomy is the branch of is the branch of biology concerned with the biology concerned with the grouping and naming of grouping and naming of organismsorganisms

Biologists who study this Biologists who study this are called are called taxonomists taxonomists

How did it start?How did it start?

People wanted to People wanted to organizeorganize their world so they began their world so they began groupinggrouping, or , or classifyingclassifying everything they saw.everything they saw.

Things that swimThings that swimThings that flyThings that flyThings that crawlThings that crawlThings that walk on four legsThings that walk on four legsThings that chew their foodThings that chew their foodThings that swallow food Things that swallow food wholewholeThings that are toxicThings that are toxic

Why Why classifyclassify??

To help us study the earthTo help us study the earth

To help us organize all the To help us organize all the species we discover . . . species we discover . . .

To give every species a To give every species a name based on a name based on a standard standard methodmethod so scientists from so scientists from different countries can talk different countries can talk about the same animal about the same animal without confusionwithout confusion

Who is Carolus Who is Carolus Linnaeus?Linnaeus?

Carolus Carolus LinnaeusLinnaeus was a was a Swedish botanistSwedish botanist

Developed a 7-level (Developed a 7-level (taxataxa) ) classification systemclassification system based based on similarities between on similarities between organismsorganisms

The Seven Level The Seven Level SystemSystem

KKingdomingdomPPhylumhylumCClasslassOOrderrderFFamilyamilyGGenusenusSSpeciespecies

KKingingPPhilliphillipCCameameOOververFFororGGraperapeSSodaoda

How does it work?How does it work?

There are There are 66 broad kingdoms broad kingdomsEveryEvery living thing that we living thing that we know of fits into one of the know of fits into one of the six kingdomssix kingdomsEach level gets more Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms specific as fewer organisms fit into any one groupfit into any one group

An organism is known An organism is known by by twotwo names… names…

This system uses a This system uses a binomial binomial nomenclaturenomenclature

A A binomial nomenclature binomial nomenclature is a is a classification system using classification system using two two namesnames to identify an organism to identify an organism

BiBi means means twotwo

NomenNomen means means namename

The two namesThe two names……First you write the organism’s First you write the organism’s genus, genus, which consists of a group of closely which consists of a group of closely related species, and the second related species, and the second name is the name is the species species which can which can reproduce and create fertile reproduce and create fertile offspring.offspring.

Humans= Humans= Genus: Hominidae, species: sapienGenus: Hominidae, species: sapienThus, we are Thus, we are HomoHomo sapienssapiens

Binomial Binomial NomenclatureNomenclature

The The genusgenus name is always name is always Capitalized. Capitalized. The species is notThe species is not. . When scientific When scientific names are handwritten, they are names are handwritten, they are underlined:underlined:Ex. Dog= Ex. Dog= CanisCanis familiaris familiaris oror CC. . familiaris familiaris is also acceptable is also acceptable Canis Canis lupuslupus is the scientific name for a gray is the scientific name for a gray wolf. wolf.

CanisCanis is the is the genusgenus name name

lupuslupus is the is the speciesspecies name name

Species...Species...A species consists of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

Ex. Humans can breed with other humans, and their offspring can also have offspring.

Ex. Horses and donkeys Ex. Horses and donkeys can mate. They produce a can mate. They produce a mule, but the mule is mule, but the mule is infertile.infertile.Are horses and a donkeys Are horses and a donkeys the same species?the same species?

Horse Donkey

Mule

Quick ReviewQuick Review

What are the seven taxa or What are the seven taxa or levels?levels?

Who designed the system?Who designed the system?

What taxa are organisms What taxa are organisms named with? named with?

How many classification levels How many classification levels does a bob cat and a lion does a bob cat and a lion share?share?

What does this say about their What does this say about their evolution?evolution?