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��'�0�+ r0�[�/� #r@��" �<�/�C�(�� %�& �� S s,#��0�". Rybv`v Beby DgvBqv (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv Dev`v Beby Qv‡gZ (ivt)-Gi Kv‡Q †Mjvg| wZwb ZLb Amy ’ wQ‡jb| Avgiv ejjvg, Avj−vn Avcbv‡K my ’ Ki“b! Avgv‡ì GKwU nv`xQ eY©bv Ki“b, hv Avcwb

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4

ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q ï‡b‡Qb Ges Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K DcKvi Ki‡eb| wZwb ej‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) GK`v Avgv‡ì WvK‡jb Ges Zuvi wbKU AvbyM‡Zï evqÔAvZ Kijvg| wZwb †h mg¯— wel‡q Avg‡ì evqÔAvZ wb‡jb Zvnj, my‡L- yt‡L, yw ©‡b-myw`‡b, ¯”QjZv-A¯”QjZvq, GgbwK †Kvb e¨w³‡K Avgv‡ì Dci cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡jI Avgiv †bZvi AvbyMZ¨ Kie Ges KvD‡K `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv n‡j Avgiv Zv‡Z evav †è bv| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, wKš‘ †Zvgiv hw` Zv‡K cÖKvk¨ Kzdix‡Z wjß †`L, ¯úó cÖgvY mnKv‡i (ZLb †Kvb AvbyMZ¨ †bB) (gymwjg nv/4877)|

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��v*!�� C�)�" ��v*!�� <�9��S �w#�"60��. Avey ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì Ggb welq m¤ú‡K© e‡j wè bv, †h Kvi‡Y Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì ¸bvn mg~n gy‡Q w`‡eb Ges †Zvgv‡ì gh©v`v‡K mgybœZ Ki‡eb? Qvnvexiv ej‡jb, nu v, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb Kó m‡Ë¡I c~Y©iƒ‡c Ih~ Kiv, †ekx †ekx gmwR‡ì w`‡K hvIqv Ges GK QvjvZ †kl Kivi ci Aci Qvjv‡Zi A‡c¶vq _vKv| Avi GwUB ÔwievZÕ (gymwjg nv/610; wgkKvZ nv/282)|

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x| ��%�� C�� %�" '�0�2�� ,�� *��*(�� Q _� � �� <��' �R#�� \{��" �6(�� ' M8�BH ��q6C�@�' �%�� (�" �� j��0�� E�' �k�0�@ �%�&�' �X��/ *�� rC62�)�?�&

��*��?� ��S ��C�)�T�& �%�& �7#*(��. Avãyj−vn Beby Avgi (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Avgvi c¶ †_‡K GKwU AvqvZI Rvbv _vK‡j †Zvgiv Zv †cuŠwQ‡q `vI| Avi ebx BmivC‡ji Kvwnbx eY©bv Ki Zv‡Z †`vl †bB| Z‡e †h e¨w³ Avgvi Dci B”QvK…Zfv‡e wg_¨v‡ivc Kij †m Zvi wb‡Ri ’vb Rvnvbœv‡g K‡i wbj (eyLvix nv/3461; wgkKvZ nv/198)|

x} ��%�� "�� )�;�& 6~�7#�!�$Vn� �R#�� VW#�> s��>�7 �� 6��*(�� Q _� � �� <��' �R#�T�S �6$�� 3�C�"�� " ��(��2�@#�S �R#�T�S #�& ~�C�(�� R#�T�S s��>�7 #�B �R��7 �� #�$�� d�� %�& ��2�-�B �R#�T�S �R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' �%�& �R�� 0� �a ��S ��u�& �0�>�� #�S.

Avey gvmE` Avj-AvbQvix (ivt) e‡jb, R‰bK GK †jvK bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wbKU G‡m ejj, Avgvi mIqvix aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| myZivs Avgv‡K GKwU mIqvix `vb Ki“b| wZwb ej‡jb,

mIqvix Avgvi Kv‡Q †bB| GK e¨w³ ejj, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avwg Zv‡K Ggb †jv‡Ki K_v e‡j w`‡Z cvwi, †h Zv‡K mIqvixi cï w`‡Z cvi‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, †h e¨w³ Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K c_ †`Lvq Zvi Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi KvR m¤úv`bKvixi mgcwigvY cyi®‹vi i‡q‡Q (gymwjg nv/5007; wgkKvZ nv/209)|

x� � �%�� "�� 0��0�B �,�� R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' �R#�� %�& #�� ~rC� �,#�/ �� %�& �0�>Vn� ��u�& �7��>�� %�& ��)��+ �E ��T�(�B �5��I �%�& �<��7��>�� #Mm� �N �%�&�' #�� 8��v�A �,#�/ �� %�& �<�q�� u�& � #�qH �%�& �+��)�� E ��T�(�B �5��I �%�& �<�=�&#�qH #Mm� �N.

Avey ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨w³ †n`vqv‡Zi w`‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ Zvi Abymvix e¨w³i mgcwigvY †bKx i‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi †bKx †_‡K we› y cwigvY n«vm cv‡e bv| †h e¨w³ åóZvi w`‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ Zvi Abymvix e¨w³i mgcwigvY cvc i‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi cvc †_‡K we› y cwigvY n«vm cv‡e bv| (gymwjg nv/6980; wgkKvZ nv/158)| gbx lx ‡ì e³e¨ †_‡K : 1. nvmvb evQix (int) wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ ÔK_vq †K DËg H e¨w³ A‡c¶v, †h Avj−vn&i w`‡K gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb K‡i, mrKg© K‡i Ges e‡j Avwg †Zv gymwjg‡ì Aš—fy©³Õ (dzQ&wQjvZ 41/33) †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡jb| AZtci ej‡jb, GB e¨w³ Avj−vn&i wcÖqcvÎ, Avj−vn&i Ajx, GKwbô eÜz, Avj−vn&i DËg e ‘, c„w_exevmxi g‡a¨ Avj−vn&i wbKU wZwb me©vwaK wcÖq| Avj−vn Zvi yÔAv Keyj K‡ib| Avj−vn hv Keyj K‡ib Zvi w`‡KB wZwb gvbyl‡K `vIqvZ †`b Ges ZAvi Av‡jv‡KB Avg‡j Qv‡jn K‡ib| Avi e‡jb, Avwg gymwjg‡ì Aš—fy©³| wZwbB Avj−vn KZ…©K `vwqZ¡kxj (Zvdmxi Beby KvQxi, 4/101 c„t)| 2. Avj−vgv Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) Avj−vn&i evYx, ejyb! BnvB Avgvi c_...(BDmyd 12/108) D³ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zuvi ivm~j‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb †h, wZwb †hb GB iv —vq Avj−vn&i w`‡K AvnŸvb K‡ib| AZtci whwb Avj−vn&i w`‡K Wv‡Kb wZwb †hb ivm~‡ji c‡_ RvMÖZ Ávb mnKv‡i Zuvi Abymvix n‡q Wv‡Kb| Avi whwb GUv Qvov gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡jb wZwb GB iv —vq RvMÖZ Ávb mnKv‡i Zuvi Abymvix bv n‡q AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| Avj−vn&i w`‡K AvnŸvb bex I Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì KvR Ges ivm~j‡ì D¤§Z‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì KvR| gvby‡liv Zv‡ì AbymiY K‡i| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zuvi ivm~j‡K Av‡iv wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb †h, Zuvi wbK‡U Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K hv AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv †hb †cuŠ‡Q †`b| Avj−vn Zuvi msi¶Y I gvby‡li evav †_‡K gy³ ivL‡eb| Avi Zuvi D¤§Z‡ì g‡a¨ hviv D³ KvR Ki‡e Zv‡ì‡KI wZwb †ndvhZ Ki‡eb I Øx‡bi Dci AUj _vKv I `vIqvZx Kv‡Ri evav †_‡K cÖ”Qbœ ivL‡eb| ivm~j (Qvt) GKwU AvqvZI Rvbv _vK‡j Zv cÖPv‡ii K_v wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb (Bebyj K¡vBwqg Avj-RvIwhqv, Rvjv-Dj Avdnvg (Kz‡qZ : `vi“j Aviƒev, wØZxq ms¯‹iY 1407 wnt/1987 wLªt), c„t 415)|

mv i e ‘ 1. Avj−vn&i c‡_ `vIqvZ †Ìqvi cyi¯‹vi RvbœvZ Ges Rvnvbœvg †_‡K gyw³| 2. `vIqvZ gvbyl‡K Kj¨vY I †n`vqv‡Zi w`‡K AvnŸvb K‡i| 3. Øx‡bi cÖwZ AvnŸvb ev›`vi ms‡kvab I Øx‡bi Dci cÖwZwôZ _vKvi cÖgvY| 4. Avj−vn&i c‡_ `vIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g ev›`v Avj−vn&i wbKUeZx© n‡q hvq Ges RvbœvZ jv‡f ab¨ nq| 5. GKRb `vCi Rb¨ gnv cyi¯‹vi i‡q‡Q, hv K‡qK¸‡Y cÖe„w× jvf K‡i Ges Zv‡ì RbÏ, hviv Zvi AvnŸv‡b mvov †`q|


5

åvš— AvK¡x`v : ce©-4 - gyhv ddi web gyn wmb

AvK¡x`v

(10) wh wbB Avj−vn wZ wbB gynv¤ § v` (bvEhywe j −vn)| GK‡kªYxi fÊ Q~dxiv D³ Kzdzix AvK¡x`v †cvlY K‡i _v‡K| Zviv KweZvi my‡i my‡i e‡j, ÔAvKvi wK wbivKvi †mB ieŸvbv; ÔAvngv`Õ ÔAvnv`Õ n‡j Z‡e hvq Rvbv| gx‡gi H c ©vwU‡i DwV‡q †`L‡i gb, †`Lwe †m_vq weivR K‡i ÔAvnv`Õ wbiÄbÕ (bvEhywej−vn)| GQvov Zviv Av‡iv e‡j _v‡K, ÔIn& †Rv gy —vex Avik _v †Lv`v †nv Ki, DZvi cvov n¨vq g`xbv †gu gyQZ¡dv †nv KiÕ| A_©vr ÔAvi‡ki AwacwZ Avj−vn wQ‡jb whwb, gyQZ¡dv iƒ‡c g`xbvq AeZxY© nb wZwbÕ (bvEhywej−vn)|1 Zvdmx‡i nv°xi g‡a¨ ejv n‡q‡Q,

M��7#�N�� o7#�=�$ �E�' s�� E �%� �@ �%�2�@*0�� 0�� ,#�/ �8�9�2�" s��> �� %�2�@*0�� 0�)�"�' �<��' �� _� ��Q �C*2�-�& �C�;�> �� Z��#�"

�&�f�2�� B�C�-�� S ��7�' #�2�/ ��_� ��0�� %. Ôg°vq Ggb GKwU cvnvo i‡q‡Q, hvi Dci Avj−vni Avik i‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b ivZ I w`b wKQzB nq bv| D³ cvnvo Øviv gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi kixi eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi Avik Øviv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Aš—i‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †hgb nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, gywg‡bi Aš—i Avj−vni AvikÕ|2 myZivs whwb Avj−vn wZwbB gynv¤§v`| D³ AvK¡x`v †_‡KB cvkvcvwk ÔAvj−vûÕ Ôgynv¤§v`Õ †jLvi cÖPjb n‡q‡Q| ch ©v‡j vPbv : wewfbœ hyw³ I †KŠk‡j Avj−vn Ges gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-†K GKvKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv Lye ¯vfvweKfv‡eB m„wó Avi mªóv‡K GK K‡i‡Q| G ai‡bi Kzdzix K_v ej‡Z Zv‡ì eyK GKUzKzI Kuv‡c bv| D‡j−L¨ †h, c‡i nv`x‡Qi bv‡g `jxj wnmv‡e †h K_vwU eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q ZvI wg_¨v I wfwËnxb| †jLK D³ wg_¨v `vexi c‡i Ôdvbvwdj−vniÕ c‡¶ A‡bK Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡eB wkiKx AvK¡x`v gvby‡li gv‡S cÖPvi Kiv n‡”Q| Zviv Kv‡jgv‡q kvnv`vZ gy‡L D”PviY Kivi ci wKfv‡e Ave` Ges gvÔe~ ‡K, ev›`v Ges Avj−vn‡K GK wnmv‡e g‡b Ki‡Q Zv eySv eo fvi! hZ¸‡jv †bvsiv wek¦vm mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ GwU me‡P‡q RNb¨| åvš— AvK¡x`v Rvbv m‡Ë¡I hw` †KD D³ wek¦vm K‡i Z‡e †m wki‡K AvKev‡i wbgw¾Z n‡e, hv Zv‡K Bmjvg †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡e Ges G Ae ’vq gviv †M‡j wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvgx n‡e| (11) ivm~j (Qvt) † h ‡Kvb ’v‡b nv wh i n‡Z cv‡ib : we`ÔAvZx gxjv‡ì Abyôvb‡K RgRgvU ivLvi Rb¨ D³ wg_¨v AvK¡x`v m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| A‡bK ’v‡b g‡Â GKwU †Pqvi‡K my›ì K‡i mvwR‡q ivLv nq| hv‡Z GB Lvwj †Pqv‡i ivm~j (Qvt) G‡m em‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv m~iv ZIevi †kl AvqvZ yBwU cvV K‡i Abyôvb ïi“ K‡i (ZIev 128-129)| Avi ZLbB ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ¯vMZ Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ mK‡j wg‡j uvwo‡q hvq| g~jZt we`ÔAvZx wKqvg cÖ_vi Avwe®‹vi Gfv‡eB n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì

1. Avj−vgv Bnmvb Gjvnx hnxi, †eªjfx gvmjvK †K AvK¡vC` (BDwc,

†gŠbvZfÄb : B`viv `vIqvZzj Bmjvg, Rvbyqvix 2013), c„t 99| 2. Zvdmx‡i nv°x 4/98 c„t, Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi bv‡g ewY©Z|

aviYv ïay bexMY bq, g„Z AjxivI †hLv‡b B”Qv †mLv‡b nvwhi n‡Z cv‡ib| †hgb ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi †jvK‡ì AvK¡x`v : (K) †Ìe›` gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv bv‡bvZzex g„Zz¨ ei‡Yi eû w`b ci GK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ gvìvmvq AvMgb K‡ib| †hgb- GK mgq gvIjvbv Avngv` nvmvb Avgi“nx Ges dLi“j nvmvb Mv‡½vnxi gv‡S g‡bvgvwjb¨ nq| wKš‘ gvIjvbv gvng~ yj nvmvb (1238-1338 wnt) wbi‡c¶ nIqv m‡Ë¡I GK c‡¶i w`‡K Suy‡K hvb| ZLb gvIjvbv idxDÏxb gvIjvbv gvng~ yj nvmvb‡K †W‡K cvVvb| ìRv Ly‡j wfZ‡i XyK‡ZB wZwb ej‡Qb, Av‡M Zzwg Avgvi Kvco †`L| kxZKvj nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zvi mg — Kvco wf‡R †M‡Q| idxDÏxb ej‡jb, gvIjvbv bv‡bvZzex Rvmv‡` AvbQvix‡Z GLbB Avgvi wbKU G‡mwQ‡jb| ZvB Nv‡g Avgvi Kvco wf‡R †M‡Q| wZwb Avgv‡K e‡j M‡jb, Zzwg gvng~ yj nvmvb‡K e‡j `vI, †m †hb SMovq wjß bv nq| Avwg ïay GUv ejvi Rb¨B G‡mwQ|3 (L) ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi Av‡iK cÖe³v ikx` Avngv` Mv‡½vnx (g„t 1908 L„t) Zvi ÔAvj-evivnx Avj-K¡vwZqvÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, Avgvi g‡b nq, Avj−vni wbKU †Ìe›` gvìvmv cÖkswmZ Avmb †c‡q‡Q| KviY AmsL¨ Av‡jg GLvb †_‡K cvk K‡i‡Qb Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi A‡bK Kj¨vY mvab K‡i‡Q| cieZx©Kv‡j GK gnvb e¨w³ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi `k©b jvf K‡i Avkxe©v`cyó n‡qwQ‡jb| †m mg‡q wZwb †`‡L‡Qb †h, ivm~j (Qvt) D ©~ fvlvq K_v ej‡Qb| ZLb H e¨w³ wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb, Avcwb GKRb Aviex †jvK, wKfv‡e GB fvlv Rvb‡jb? ivm~j (Qvt) DË‡i ej‡jb, ÔhLb †_‡K †Ìe‡›ì Av‡jg‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM n‡q‡Q, ZLb †_‡KB Avwg GB fvlv RvwbÕ| Mv‡½vnx Av‡iv e‡jb, G †_‡K Avgiv GB gvìvmvi †kªôZ¡ eyS‡Z cvwi|4 ch ©v‡j vPbv : GUv Kzdzix AvK¡x`v| ivm~j (Qvt) gviv †M‡Qb| wZwb Avi KL‡bv ywbqv‡Z Avm‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †KD B”Qv Ki‡jI Avm‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avj−vn e‡jb,

� �<��C�@�� VW#�> ��I�� *?�@�,��)�>�7� 6X�7 �R#�� G��2�� #r-��#�Q ��2�� {��)�� B �� o��e�0�" �<�=�j��7�' �%�&�' #�=��j#�� s8�2��/ #�=*$�� #��/ �J�/�0�+ #�2 �S

�,��u�)��B. ÔhLb Zv‡ì Kv‡iv g„Zz Dcw ’Z nq ZLb †m e‡j, †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K Avevi †diZ cvVvb, hv‡Z Avwg mr Avgj Ki‡Z cvwi, hv Avwg c~‡e© Kwiwb; KL‡bvB bv| GUv Zvi GKwU K_v gvÎ; Zv‡ì mvg‡b evihvL _vK‡e wK¡qvgZ wèm ch©š—Õ (m~iv gywgb~b 99-100)| Ab¨ Avj−vn e‡jb,

�,��?6 �2�� 5��I �C�)�" �<�9*$�� *<�q .�8�&#� �T�� B �<�9*$�� *<�q,��u�)��+ ÔAZtci †Zvgiv Aek¨B g„Zz eiY Ki‡e| Zvici †Zvgiv wK¡qvgZ wè‡m Aek¨B cybi“wÌZ n‡eÕ (gywgbyb 15-16)|

3. gvIt Avkivd Avjx _vbfx, Av‡ivnv‡q QvjvQv, wnKv‡q‡Z AvIwjqv

(†Ìe›` : KzZzeLvbv bCgxqv), c„t 261; wnKv‡qZ bs-247| 4. Avj-evivnx Avj-K¡vwZqv, c„t 30; M„nxZ : mvwR` Avãyj KvBq~g,

ZvejxM RvgvÔAvZ I †Ìe›`xMY, c„t 221|


6

wØZxqZt c„w_ex‡Z GKB mg‡q AmsL¨ ’v‡b GB we`ÔAvZx gxjv` nq| †Kvb ’v‡b KLb gxjv` n‡”Q Zv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi c‡¶ Rvbvi K_v bq| KviY GUv Mv‡q‡ei welq| Avi wZwb Mv‡qe Rv‡bb bv| ivm~j (Qvt) Mv‡qe Rv‡bb GB `vex K‡i Zviv Zuvi Dci wg_¨v Acev` w`‡q‡Q| Z…ZxqZt nVvr D‡V uvov‡bv †h mxgvnxb g~L©Zv Zv Avi ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv| GUv

wn› y‡ì c~Rv‡K †fvM †`qvi gZ| mvaviY gymwjg‡ì‡K GKUz wPš—v Kivi Aby‡iva KiwQ| (12) be x-ivm~j M ‡Yi † P‡q Q~dxiv B † kªô : hviv Q~dxev‡` wek¦vmx Zviv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †P‡q Kw_Z Ijx‡ì‡K eo g‡b K‡i| ¯qs ev‡qhx` ey —vgx e‡jb, ��j��C*2�-�& �W�� %�& �U�S�7�� ÔAvgvi cZvKv (gh©v`v) gynv¤§v‡ì cZvKvi †P‡q AwaKZi DuPzÕ|5 ch ©v‡j vPbv : Z_vKw_Z Q~dxiv hLb Avj−vn e‡j `vex Ki‡Z BZ —Z‡eva K‡iwb, ZLb D³ `vex Kiv Zv‡ì c‡¶ LyeB ¯vfvweK| G‡`‡ki Q~dx f³ †jv‡KivI Q~dx‡ì‡K †mfv‡eB g~j¨vqb K‡i _v‡K| ZvB ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvex‡ì Av`k© †Q‡o Zviv Q~dx‡ì Av`k©‡KB g~j¨vqb K‡i| Zv‡ì cÖYxZ ZixKv Abyhvqx Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡i| A_P Zviv Rv‡b bv †h, G ai‡bi wek¦vm Ki‡j Cgvb _vK‡e bv| KviY Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb, Ôwbðq ivm~‡ji g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ DËg Av`k© wbwnZ i‡q‡QÕ (Avnhve 21)| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ôhvi nv‡Z gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi cÖvY i‡q‡Q, Zuvi Kmg K‡i ejwQ, hw` AvR g~mv (Avt) †Zvgv‡ì wbK‡U Avwef~©Z nb Avi †Zvgiv Zvi AbymiY Ki Ges Avgv‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki, ZeyI †Zvgiv mij c_ †_‡K wePz Z n‡q hv‡e| AvR g~mv (Avt) hw` †eu‡P _vK‡Zb Avi Avgvi beyIAZ †c‡Zb, Z‡e wZwbI Avgvi AbymiY Ki‡ZbÕ|6 AZGe Cgvb weaŸsmx Q~dx AvK¡x`v †_‡K mveavb! hviv ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ev` w`‡q Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K Av`‡k©i aviK wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœvg cÖ ‘Z| Avj−vn e‡jb, ��#�1�B �%�&�'

*0�� #�& ��{��$ �%� �(�&�f�2�� 0� �g �U��*?�B�' ~�C�=�� %* ��+ #�& �C�)�" �%�& �R��r0� �!�& �GVW#��' �<*(�=�> ��!�$�' ��+ . Ô†n`vqvZ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi

ciI †h e¨w³ ivm~‡ji wei“×vPiY Ki‡e Ges gywgb‡ì iv —vi wecixZ c‡_ Pj‡e, Zv‡K Avwg †mw`‡KB cwiPvwjZ Kie, †m †hw`‡K wd‡i †h‡Z Pvq Ges Avwg Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c Kie| Avi GUv KZB bv wbK…óZi cÖZ¨veZ©b ’jÕ (wbmv 115)| (13 ) ivm~j (Qvt) I Kw_Z g„Z Aj x‡ì‡K gva¨g K‡i yÔAv Kiv| ch ©v‡j vPbv : GUv cwi®‹vi wkiKx AvK¡x`v| hwÌ AmsL¨ gymwjg ivm~j (Qvt)-†K Amxjv K‡i yÔAv K‡i _v‡K| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii cv‡k¦© wM‡q uvov‡j Zv eySv hvq| GgbwK A‡b‡K mivmwi ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡QB mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i Ges wewfbœ welq Ave`vi K‡i _v‡K| GUv wki‡K AvKevi| G‡ì n¾-Igiv †KvbB Kv‡R Avm‡e bv| eis Rxe‡b hZ †bKxi KvR K‡i‡Q meB bó n‡q hv‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔZviv hw` wkiK K‡i Z‡e Zv‡ì hveZxq Avgj eiev` n‡q hv‡eÕ (AvbÔAvg 88)|

5. gvIm~ÔAvZzi ivwÏ AvjvQ Q~wdqvn 68/71 c„t| 6. `v‡igx nv/443; mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/194, c„t 32; e½vbyev`

wgkKvZ nv/184, 1g LÊ, c„t 135|

kixÔAv‡Z †Kej wZb ai‡bi Amxjv êa| (K) wb‡Ri K…Z mr Avgj‡K Amxjv K‡i Avj−vni wbKU cÖv_©bv Kiv (gv‡q`vn 35)|7 (L) Avj−vni ¸YevPK bvg mg~n Øviv (AvÔivd 180)| (M) RxweZ ZvK¡Iqvkxj e¨w³‡K Amxjv K‡i PvIqv|8 GQvov Ab¨ †h‡Kvb Amxjv nvivg| we‡kl K‡i g„Z e¨w³‡K Amxjv K‡i yÔAv Kiv Rv‡njx hy‡Mi g°vi gykwiK‡ì Av`k©| hviv G ai‡bi wek¦vm K‡i Zv‡ì Rvbv DwPZ †h, ivm~j (Qvt) hw` Zuvi g„Zz i ci Qvnvex‡ì †Kvb DcKvi Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Z‡e c„w_exi Avi †Kvb e¨w³ Av‡Q, †m givi ci ywbqvi gvby‡li DcKvi Ki‡e? (14 ) ivm~j (Qvt) Ke i †_‡K mvj v‡gi DËi † `b| K L ‡bv nvZ † e i K‡i †`b| eû gvby‡li gv‡S D³ AvK¡x`v j¶¨ Kiv hvq| we‡kl K‡i hviv Q~dx ZixKvq wek¦vmx Zv‡ì gv‡S| ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi †jv‡Kiv †h‡nZz D³ ZixKvq wek¦vmx ZvB dvhv‡q‡j Avgj eB‡q G ai‡bi AmsL¨ NUbv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| (K) Beivnxg web kvBevb e‡jb, Avwg n‡¾i ci whqvi‡Zi Rb¨ g`xbvq Dcw ’Z njvg Ges Ke‡ii wbKU wM‡q mvjvg w`‡j wZwb ûRiv kix‡di wfZi †_‡K ÔIqv AvjvBKvm mvjvgÕ e‡j Reve †`b| Avwg Zvi mvjv‡gi DËi ïb‡Z †cjvg|9 (L) Avngv` †idvC bvgK R‰bK e¨w³ 555 wnRix mv‡j n¾ †kl K‡i bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi Kei whqvi‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ g`xbvq hvb| AZtci iIhvi cv‡k¦© uvwo‡q wb‡gœv³ yÕwU cOw³ cvV K‡ib| Ô ~i †_‡K Avwg Avgvi iƒn‡K ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †L`g‡Z cvwV‡q w`Zvg| †m Avgvi ’jvwfwl³ n‡q iIqvq Pz¤b KiZ| AvR Avwg mkix‡i Dcw ’Z n‡qwQ| myZivs †n ivm~j (Qvt)! Avcbvi nvZ gyeviK evwo‡q w`b, Avwg †hb Avgvi †VuvU Øviv Pz¤b K‡i Z…wß jvf Ki‡Z cvwiÕ| D³ KweZv covi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kei n‡Z ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi nvZ †ei n‡q Av‡m| Avi †idvC Zv‡Z Pz¤b K‡i ab¨ nb| ejv nq †h, †m mgq gmwR‡` beex‡Z 90 nvhvi †jv‡Ki mgvMg wQj| mK‡jB we y ‡Zi gZ nvZ gyevi‡Ki PgK †`L‡Z †cj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gvne~‡e myenvbx Avãyj K¡v‡ì Rxjvbx (int)I wQ‡jb|10 ch ©v‡j vPbv : GUvI Kzdzix AvK¡x`v| KviY g„Z e¨w³ ywbqvi gvby‡li †Kvb K_v ïb‡Z cvq bv| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôwbðq Avcwb g„Z‡K ïbv‡Z cvi‡eb bv; ewai‡KI AvnŸvb ïbv‡Z cvi‡eb bv, hLb Zviv gyL wdwi‡q †bqÕ (bvgj 80; iƒg 52)| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Av‡iv e‡jb, �J�$�� #�&�' �W#�1�B �%�& �U�2�;�B �� ,�� G��&�Y�� #��' �W#� �@�Y�� ~��?�;�B #�&�'

�7��T�� S �%�& �U�2�;�2�". ÔRxweZ Avi g„Z GK mgvb bq| Avj−vn hv‡K B”Qv kªeY Kivb| hviv Ke‡i i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K Avcwb ïbv‡Z cvi‡eb bvÕ (dvwZ¡i 22)| A‡bï DcKvi ev ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †m Rb¨ Qvnvev‡q †Kivg KL‡bv bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii Kv‡Q wM‡q †Kvb wKQz Ave`vi K‡ibwb|

7. eyLvix nv/5974, ÔAvèÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-5; gymwjg nv/7125;

wgkKvZ nv/4938| 8. eyLvix nv/1010, 1/137 c„t| 9. dvRv‡q‡j `yi“`, c„t 33; D`~©, c„t 19| 10. dvRv‡q‡j nR¡ (evsjv, ZvejxMx KzZzeLvbv cÖKvwkZ, GwcÖj-2009),

c„t 140-141; (D`~©) dvhv‡q‡j AvÔgvj 2q LÊ, dvhv‡qj n¾ Ask (†Ìe›` : `vi“j wKZve cÖKvwkZ), c„t 166|


7

(15) fÊ cx‡ii KvivgZ `ve x Kiv Ge s fwe l¨‡Z i K_v e ¨³ Kiv| ch ©v‡j vPbv : Kvivgv‡Z AvIwjqvq wek¦vm Kiv Qnxn AvK¡x`vi Ask, hv cÖKvwkZ nq Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K| wKš‘ H e¨w³ AMÖxg wKQz Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib bv| Avi fÊ cx‡iiv †h Kvivg‡Zi `vex K‡i _v‡K Zv Bejxm kqZvb KZ©„K mvRv‡bv wg_¨v bvUK| g~jZt Zv kqZvbiƒcx bMœ †g‡q wR‡bi gva¨‡g NwU‡q _v‡K| ZvB GB fÊiv Bejxm kqZv‡bi wbe©vPb Kiv ywbqvex G‡R›U| †hgb wb‡gœi nv`xQwU j¶Yxq- � �� _� ��Q *��*(�� o]#�$�� R�Y�� J��#�� #=(� _� �A7 �8�1�j#�� %�� <�=*$�P�S �� R��7 #�B ��#�T�S �W��1�" ��;� �� <�=*$�� R#�T�S �,#*=�9�� %�� <��'

_� ��Q F��*(�� R#�T�S �R#�� #�T�@ �,��9�B �W��*1�#�" �,��q6C�-�B <��' � �� 0��0�T�/ ��6 ��' �,�I�� S #��0��0�T� �S F�6(�Z�� #�=�[�l�h�B 6��-�� %�& �8�2��9�� 5��+

�8�"��/ �8�j#�& �%�& �0�u�/�� S �,��l��h� �S �8�>#�>*C��. Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt)-†K GK`v †jv‡Kiv MYK‡ì m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Kij| wZwb DË‡i ej‡jb, wbðq Zviv wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †jv‡Kiv ejj, †n Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvt)! Zviv hv eY©bv K‡i Zv KL‡bv mZÏ nq| wZwb ej‡jb, D³ mZ¨ K_v †g‡q wRb Qu~ †g‡i wb‡q Av‡m Ges Zvi fÊ Ajxi Kv‡b e‡j †`q, †hfv‡e gyiMx KiKi K‡i| AZtci Zviv Zvi mv‡_ GKkÕi †ekx wg_¨v K_v wgwkªZ K‡i|11 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, �R#�� <��' � �� _� ��Q 6��*(�� %�� #=(� _� �A7 �8�1�j#�� %�� b�7Vn� ��S �,��9�B �0�&Vn#�" � #�2�\�� ,#�(�)��' �,#�(�)�� S ��*C�-�?�+ �8�9�j�v�2��

F0�T�+ #�2�/ �%�#�9�� ,�I�� S #�F0�T�?�S �8�2��9�� %� ��#� *1�� U�2�;�?�S ��7�'�7#�T�� 8�"��/ �8�j#�& #�=�)�& �,�'�C�B�K� �S.

Av‡qkv (ivt) ivm~j (Qvt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ywbqvq NU‡e Ggb welq wb‡q †d‡ikZvgÊjx †g‡Ni gv‡S

Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| ZLb †Kvb K_v kqZvbiv ï‡b †d‡j| AZtci Zv MY‡Ki Kv‡b ûeû eY©bv K‡i K‡i| †hfv‡e KuvP‡K ¯”Q Kiv nq| AZtci Zviv H K_vi mv‡_ Av‡iv GKkÕ wg_¨v K_v †hvM †`q|12 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, kqZvbiv GKR‡bi Dci Av‡iKRb D‡V| Gfv‡e Avmgv‡bi KvQvKvwQ wM‡q D³ K_v kªeY K‡i Ges Dci †_‡K bxP ch©š— †cuŠ‡Q †`q|13 AZGe fÊ dKx‡iiv †h Bejxm kqZv‡bi †¯úkvj G‡R›U, Zv D³ nv`xQ¸‡jv Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB Cgvb euvPv‡bvi ¯v‡_©B Zv‡ì †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| (16) Iqvn`vZ zj IR~ e v mewKQz‡Z Avj −vn&i Dcw ’wZ ‡K

we k¦vm Kiv| mewKQzi g‡a¨ Avj−vni wejxb nIqv‡K ÔIqvn`vZzj IR~ Õ e‡j| GK‡kªYxi †jv‡Kiv c„w_exi mewKQz‡KB GK Avj−vni Ask g‡b K‡i (bvEhywej−vn)| mewKQz‡ZB Avj−vn&i Dcw ’wZ i‡q‡Q| ZvB meB Avj−vn| Avj−vn Avi‡k bb, eis me©Î I mewKQy‡Z weivRgvb| Q~dxiv mªóv I m„wó‡Z †Kvb cv_©K¨ K‡i bv| eis †Kvb e¨w³ hLb D³ gh©v`v AR©b K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Avi kixÔAv‡Zi wewa-weavb cvjb Kiv jv‡M bv| KviY †m Avj−vni gv‡S wejxb n‡q hvq| Zv‡ì e³e¨ nj, �%�& �,�P�S ��e�' �U�j��0*1�� (�� J�l�T�� #�)�+ V_� ��0�� %�& �,�� R��T�B �%�& �8* �S��F!�� 11. eyLvix nv/7561; wgkKvZ nv/4593| 12. eyLvix nv/3288; wgkKvZ nv/4594| 13. eyLvix nv/4800; wgkKvZ nv/4500|

��#�)�+ �_#�" ��!*+��' �<�=��)�" ÔQ~dxiv e‡j _v‡Kb, wbðq †h e¨w³ Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv‡K wPb‡Z cvi‡e, Zvi Dci †_‡K kixÔAv‡Zi ûKzg iwnZ n‡q hv‡e| †KD GKUz evwo‡q e‡j‡Qb, †m Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡eÕ|14 (K) †Ìe›`x gZev‡ì Ava¨vwZ¥K †bZv Bg`v yj−vn gynvwR‡i gv°x e‡jb, ÔgvÔ†id‡Zi AwaKvix e¨w³ mgMÖ c„w_exi Dci KZ©…Z¡kxj nq| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi †h †Kvb iwk¥‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ a‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| Avj−vn&i †h †Kvb ¸‡Y B”Qv wb‡R‡K wef~wlZ K‡i Zvi cÖKvk NUv‡Z cv‡i| †h‡nZz Zvi g‡a¨ Avj−vni ¸Yvejx we`¨gvb Ges Avj−vn&i Pwi‡Î wejxb|15 Ab¨ GK RvqMvq e‡jb, Ô†Kvbiƒc Avovj QvovB †m Avj−vn‡K †`L‡Z cv‡e| Avj−vn‡K mivmwi cÖZ¨¶ Kivi †m my‡hvM cv‡e|16 wZwb Av‡iK RvqMvq e‡jb, ÔZvInx‡` RvwZ nj GB †h, wek¦RM‡Zi mewKQy‡K Avj−vn e‡j aviYv Kiv|17 (L) gvIjvbv ikx` Avngv` Mv‡½vnx e‡jb, Ôg‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvb! mZ¨ Zv-B hv ikx` Avngv‡ì gyL †_‡K †ei nq| Avwg kc_ K‡i ejwQ, Avwg wKQzB bv, wKš‘ G hy‡M mrc_ cÖvwß Ges mdjZv wbf©i K‡i Avgvi B‡Ëevi DciÕ|18 ch ©v‡j vPbv : D³ åvš— gZev‡ì gva¨‡g G‡`‡ki †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl‡K gykwiK evbv‡bv n‡”Q| GQvov gvbe‡`‡ni gv‡S Avj−vni wejxb nIqv‡K eo gh©v`vevb g‡b K‡i| Gici Zvi gva¨‡g hv-B msNwUZ †nvK †mUv‡KB Zviv êa g‡b K‡i| G Rb¨ Zviv bvix-cyi“l GKvKvi n‡q iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i whwKi Kiv‡K cv‡ci KvR g‡b K‡i bv| Zviv Gfv‡eB Avj−vni gh©v`v‡K f~jywÉZ K‡i‡Q| GK‡kªYxi Av‡jgI GB Kzdzix gZev‡ì wcQ‡b Qz‡U †eovq| Zviv ev›`v Avi gvÔe~‡ì cv_©K¨ ey‡S bv| GUvB wn› y‡ì AvK¡x`v| Zviv m‡e©k¦iev` ev mewKQz‡KB Bk¦i g‡b K‡i| ZvB Zviv Bk¦i, gvbyl I e¨‡Oi gv‡S †Kvb Zdvr Lyu‡R cvq bv| †hgb Zviv e‡j _v‡K- Ônwii Dci nwi, nwi †kvfv cvq, nwi‡K †`wLqv nwi nwi‡Z jyKvq| g~jZt GwU Ôdvbvwdj−vnÕ wfwËK Kzdzix AvK¡x`v| myax cvVK! ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg g„Zz ch©š— Bev`‡Z gvkM~j †_‡K‡Qb| eis eqm hZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q Zuviv Bev`‡Z ZZ g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q‡Qb| KviY Avj−vni wb‡ ©k nj, ÔAvcwb g„Zz ch©š— Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Bev`Z Ki“bÕ (bvnj )| A_P Kw_Z Q~dx‡ì bvwK Bev`Z jv‡M bv| g~jZt GUv Avj−vni Bev`‡Z duvwK †`qvi fÊvwg ZixKv| (17) cÖK…Z Q~dxB Avj −vn : Q~dxev` †h KZ RNb¨ Zv Av‡iv eySv hvq D³ Kzdzix AvK¡x`v †_‡K| Zv‡ì aviYv gvbe‡`‡n hLb Avj−vn cÖ‡ek K‡i ZLb gvbyl Avj−vn‡Z cwiYZ nq �,#�;�$�P�� S d��-�B V_� �,�Y�" �R��T�� 19 Biv‡bi Avey Bqvhx` we —vgx (g„t 261 wnt) (ev‡qhx` ey —vgx) e‡jb, �� #�$�� I�P�S M8�(�� %� 6?�� V_� �J�� ÔAvwg 60 eQi hver Avj−vn‡K LyuRwQ| GLb †`LwQ Avwg wb‡RB Avj−vnÕ|20 †KD

14. Avj-dvQj wdj wgjvj 4/143 c„t| 15. whqvDj Kzeyj (D`~©), c„t 27-28; (evsjv), c„t 51| 16. whqvDj Kzj~e (D`~©), c„t 7 I 25; (evsjv), c„t 20 I 44| 17. whqvDj Kzj~e (D`~©), c„t 35; (evsjv), c„t 62| 18. ZvhwKivZ Avi-ikx` 2q LÊ, c„t 17; M„nxZ : ZvejxM RvgvÔAvZ I

†Ìe›`xMY, c„t 222| 19. Beby Zvqwgqvn, Avj-RvIqveyQ Qnxn 3/329 c„t| 20. Avãyi ingvb †`gv®‹x, Avb-bKkve›`Bqvn (wiqvh : `vi“ Z¡vB‡qevn,

1988), c„t 62|


8

Zv‡K WvK w`‡j evoxi wfZi †_‡K ej‡Zb, �0� �g �J� �� S �c� ��_� Ôevox‡Z Avj−vn Qvov †KD †bBÕ|21 Av‡iv K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡R‡K Avj−vn `vex K‡i e‡jb, ��$�Y�N �<�:�� #�& ��$#�-�� $#�-�� ÔAvwg gnv cweÎ, ÔAvwg gnv cweÎ, Avgvi gh©v`v KZB bv eoÕ|22 Avj−vn Zvi †`‡ni g‡a¨ GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q d‡j wZwb wb‡RB Avj−vn n‡q †M‡Qb| ZviB Abymvix ûmvBb web gvbQ~i nvj−vR (g„Zt 309 wnt) e‡jb, #r$�C�" #�(��@ �,#�@�'�7 �%�-�$ ÔAvgiv yÕwU iƒn| GLb GKwU †`‡n GKvKvi n‡q †MwQÕ| ZvB †Rvi

w`‡q e‡jb, F��-�� #�$�� ÔAvwgB Avj−vnÕ|23 D³ `vex Kivq gyiZv` †NvlYv K‡i Zv‡K k~‡j we× K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|24 ch ©v‡j vPbv : D³ AvK¡x`v †h Kzdzix Zv nqZ KvD‡K eySv‡bv jvM‡e bv| Q~dxev‡ì Movi K_v g~jZt GUvB| †divDb wb‡R‡K Avj−vn e‡j `vex Ki‡jI Avj−vni gv‡S wejxb nIqvi wg_¨v `vex K‡iwb| me‡P‡q ytLRbK e¨vcvi nj, †divDbcš’x G mg¯— †jv‡Ki f³ Dcgnv‡`‡k A‡bK †ekx| Zviv Avj−vni bv‡g †jvK †`Lv‡bv whwKi Ki‡jI Avj−vni gh©v`v bó K‡i‡Q| G‡ì †_‡K mveavb! (18 ) L vbKv, gvh vi, Ke i ’vb, Zx_© ’vb, M vQZ j v, cv_i, L v¤v, knx` wgbv i, cÖwZ K…wZ BZ ¨vw` ’ v‡b gvbZ Kiv Ge s Ii‡mi Av‡qvRb Kiv| ch ©v‡j vPbv : G‡`‡ki †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl D³ ’vb mg~‡n gvbZ K‡i gvKQ~ c~i‡Yi †Póv K‡i| Zvi †_‡K eiKZ †bqvq wek¦vm K‡i| GB wek¦vm wki‡K AvKevi ev eo wki‡Ki Aš—f©y³| KviY Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †KvbwKQz ev Kv‡iv bv‡g gvbZ Kiv I he‡n Kiv nvivg| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k we‡kl K‡i Dcgnv‡`‡k g„Z e¨w³‡K †K› ª K‡i j¶ j¶ gvhvi ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| Avi †m¸‡jv‡Z GKvwaK gmwRÌ Av‡Q, hv g„Z cxi‡K †eób K‡i †i‡L‡Q| †mLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K eQi Iim Kiv nq| jvL jvL gvby‡li fxo R‡g| Avi GB Zx_© ’v‡bB gvbyl †KvwU †KvwU UvKv, Mi“, QvMj, gwnl BZ¨vw` bhi-†bIqvh Ki‡Q| hvi g~j D‡Ïk¨B _v‡K g„Z cxi‡K Lywk Kiv| Av‡iv ytLRbK nj, D³ ’vb¸‡jv‡Z gmwR` ˆZwi K‡i QvjvZ Av`v‡qi eë ’v Kiv

n‡q‡Q| A_P D³ ’vb mg~‡n QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv cwi®‹vi nvivg| kixÔAv‡Z G¸‡jv‡K †f‡½ †djvi wb‡ ©k †`qv n‡q‡Q|

�C�h�� C� �)�� "�� %�� _� �R��7 �R#�� R#�� 6��7� oC�Z�;�& #�=d��/ �b�7�Y�� #*2�-��' ��0��T�2�� #��.

Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôc„w_exi cy‡ivUvB gmwR`| Z‡e Kei ’vb I †MvmjLvbv e¨ZxZ|25

21. gvIm~ÔAvZzi ivwÏ AvjvQ Q~wdqvn 68/71 c„t|- �O>7 �? " 4� W#>

COBKB #O"� CB7� i7#l�� R#TS ��l+ %& CBKB �"� R#TS �"#" iCS ._� g J �� c � CBKB �"� �� R#TS

22. W. mvdvi Avãyi ingvb, DQ~jyj wdivK Iqvj Av`Bqvb Iqvj gvhvwneyj wdKwiqv (wgki : `vi“i i“DIqv`, 2013), c„t 85|

23. Avãyi ingvb †`gv®‹x, Avb-bKkve›`Bqvn (wiqvh : `vi“ Z¡vB‡qevn, 1988), c„t 62; gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, Rvbyqvix Õ99, c„t 7|

24. nvK¡xK¡vZzQ Q~wdqvn, c„t 19| 25. wZiwghx nv/317, 1/73 c„t; Beby gvRvn nv/745; wgkKvZ

nv/737, c„t 70; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/681, 2/228 c„t, ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔgmwR` mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`| D³ nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq gynvwÏQMY e‡jb, Kei wK¡ejvi mvg‡b _vK wKsev Wv‡b _vK, ev‡g _vK ev

ZvQvov Ke‡ii gv‡S QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hv‡e bv g‡g© ¯úó Qnxn nv`xQ G‡m‡Q,

�_� �R��7 ��=�$ �R#�� 5��#�& �%�" �c�$�� %��7��T�� %� �" ��v*!�� %�� . Avbvm (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) Ke‡ii gv‡S QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|26

*��*(�� J�)�2�� R#�� X�C�(�> �%��9�� ,#�/ �%�& �,��' �E�� $#�/ �< �7��T�� '��h*?�+ �v�S �E�� C�>#�;�& �<�=� �-��#�Q�' �<�=�j#� ��$�� 7�� ,�'��h*?�B

�5��I �%�� <�/#�=�$�� 6$�� C�>#�;�&. Ryb`ye (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, mveavb! †Zvgv‡ì c~e©eZ©xiv Zv‡ì bex I mrKg©kxj e¨w³‡ì Kei¸‡jv‡K gmwR‡` cwiYZ K‡iwQj| mveavb! †Zvgiv Kei‡K gmwR‡` cwiYZ K‡iv bv| wbðq Avwg †Zvg‡ì‡K GUv †_‡K wb‡la KiwQ|27

�_� �R��7 �R#�� R#�� 0�B�0� ��"�� %�� E�' �r7�� <�9�+�� " ��)�Z�+ �E �' �rC� �� ~�0�� )�Z�+�<�?�(�/ � � �@ ��(�\��+ �<�9�+�v�Q �,�P�S *�� d��Q.

Avey ûivqivn (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì Nimg~n‡K Ke‡i cwiYZ K‡iv bv Ges Avgvi Kei‡K Avb›` Abyôv‡b cwiYZ K‡iv bv| †Zvgiv Avgvi Dci ìƒ` cvV Ki| †Zvgiv †hLv‡bB _vK †Zvgv‡ì ìƒ` Avgvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv nq|28

Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, �rC� �� ~�0�� '��h*?�+ #�� Ô†Zvgiv Avgvi Kei‡K Avb›` Abyôv‡bi ’vb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iv bvÕ|29

�_� �R��7 �,�� 7#�;�B �%�" �W#�l�� %��r(�q�' ��0�� )�Z�+ #�� *<�=�� R#�� C��)�B #�C�>#�;�& �<�=�j#� ��$�� 7�� '��h*+� � �� _� ��g *C�?�N�.

AvZ¡v Beby Bqvmvi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†n Avj−vn! Avgvi Kei‡K g~wZ©‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡eb bv, †hLv‡b Bev`Z Kiv n‡e| H RvwZi Dci Avj−vn KwVb Mhe el©Y Ki“b, hviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei‡K gmwR‡` cwiYZ K‡i‡QÕ|30 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q,

�_� �R��7 �R#�� R#�� <�� %�" �C�B�e �%�� #r(�q�' ��0�� )�Z�+ #�� *<�=�� C�>#�;�& �<�=�j#� ��$�� 7�� '��h*+� � �� _� ��g *C�?�N� ��M� ��!�B.

hv‡q` Beby Avmjvg (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†n Avj−vn! Avgvi Kei‡K g~wZ©‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡eb bv, †hLv‡b QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv n‡e| H RvwZi Dci Avj−vn

wcQ‡b _vK †m ’v‡b QvjvZ n‡e bv|- Avjevbx, AvnKvgyj RvbvBh, c„t 214; AvQ-Qvgvi“j gy —vZ¡ve, c„t 357- ,#/ � 5�I � W��' ��#�T?O�� %O9� �[�a ' �7#;B %� '� �( � %� '� �?�� T�� O= �� _� 8()� <��' � �� _� ��Q ��T� CN� �v!�#"C>#;& <=j# �$� 7�� '�� ~7#!(��'

26. Qnxn Beby wneŸvb nv/2313, mb` Qnxn| 27. Qnxn gymwjg nv/1216, 1/201 c„t, (Bdvev nv/1069), ÔgmwR`

mg~nÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-4; wgkKvZ nv/713, c„t 69; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/660, 2/220 c„t|

28. Avey vE` nv/2042, 1/279 c„t, Ôn¾Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-100; bvmvC, wgkKvZ nv/926, c„t 86; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/865, 2/311 c„t|

29. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn nv/7542; Avjevbx, Zvnhxi“m mv‡R`, c„t 113|

30. gv‡jK gyIqvË¡ nv/593, mb` Qnxn|


9

KwVb kvw — el©Y Ki“b, hviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei‡K gmwR‡` cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|31

��=�$ �R#�� 0�"#�> �%�� _� �R��7� �,��' �� C�)�T�B �,��' �0��T�� *!�Z�B �,�� (��B.

Rv‡ei (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) Kei cvKv Ki‡Z, Zvi Dci em‡Z Ges Gi Dci mgvwa †mŠa wbg©vY Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|32

�7 �J�)�2�� R#�� 6~��(�\�� C�q�0�& ��"�� %�� _� �R�� d��!�+ �E �R��T�B #�=� �� ;��Z�+ �E�' �7��T��.

Avey gviQv` Mvbvex (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, †Zvgiv Ke‡ii w`‡K QvjvZ Av`vq Ki bv Ges Zvi Dci em bv|33 myax cvVK! wek¦ BwZnv‡mi me©‡kªô gvbyl whwb, wZwb Zuvi Kei ’vb‡K Iim ev Avb›` Abyôv‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z K‡Vvi fvlvq wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| bex-ivm~j I mrKg©kxj ev›`v‡ì Kei‡K gmwR‡` cwiYZ Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb Ges hviv G ai‡bi RNb¨ KvR Ki‡e Zv‡ì‡K K‡Vvi kvw — `v‡bi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i wbKU e` yÔAv K‡i‡Qb| Zvn‡j mvaviY †jvK‡ì Kei‡K wKfv‡e gmwR‡ì ’vb wnmv‡e wba©viY Kiv hv‡e? Zv‡ì Kei ’v‡b wKfv‡e Iim Kiv hv‡e? G mg — K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv _vKv m‡Ë¡I g„Z e¨w³i Kei‡K †K› ª K‡i †Kb j¶ j¶ gvhvi-LvbKv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q? †mLv‡b gmwR` ˆZwi K‡i †Kb †KvwU †KvwU gvby‡li Cgvb niY Kiv n‡”Q? Kei‡K wmR`v K‡i, †mLv‡b gv_v Vy‡K Avj−vn&i ZvInx`x †PZbv‡K †Kb bm¨vr Kiv n‡”Q? Zv‡ì KY©Kzn‡i GB mg — evYx †Kb cÖ‡ek K‡i bv? KviY nj, cÖwZwbqZ Zv‡ì‡K bMœ wRb kqZvb g~wZ©c~Rv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q| DevB Beby KvÔe (ivt) e‡jb, s8* 6(�> �<�(�Q {��/ �U�& ÔcÖ‡Z¨K g~wZ©i mv‡_ GKRb K‡i bvix wRb _v‡KÕ|34 Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ��$'�� %�& �,��C�B �,��rC�B�0�& #r$#�l� �N �E�� ,��C�B �,��' #Mq#�$�� E�� ÔAvj−vn‡K ev` w`‡q Zviv †Kej bvix‡ì AvnŸvb K‡i| eis Zviv we‡ ªvnx kqZvb‡K AvnŸvb K‡iÕ (wbmv 117)| wb‡gœi nv`x‡Q Av‡iv cwi®‹vifv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q-

�_� �R��7 ��?�S #*2�� R#�� [dl�� "�� %�� %�" �C��#�a � �)�" �8�9�& #�=�" �J�$#�/�' �8��h�$ �� C� �� v�q �� J�$�#/�' oC��#�a #�#�+�Y�S ~*K�)��

� �� C��' �G��0�2*;�� U�l�T�S �G��0�2�� *��*(�� +�� *<�q #�=� �� ,#�/ �~�� J� ��" �G�0�!�"�� #*2��S oC��#�a �U�>�0�S #Mm� �N �U�(�!�+ �<�� 5*$�P�S �U�>�7� �R#�T�S ��0��a�Y�S

�a #�#�+�Y�S ~*K�� #�B �,��T�B �<��' ��Z�� S ��(�)�&�� #�=�?��Z�@ �<��' �8�$�C*;�� oC��# #�=�2*2�)�S #�=��7 �� X��0F?�� %�[�?�-�+ #��0�)�N s��0�N#�$ s8�$#�B�0�� s��0�&�� I�P�S

6��*(�� U�>�7 *<�q #�=��?�� *?�@ �� *;�#�"�~*K�)�� 5��+ �R#�T�S ��0��a�Y�S . Avey †ZvdvBj (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) hLb g°v weRq Ki‡jb ZLb Lvwj` Beby Iqvwj` (ivt)-†K GKwU †LRyi Mv‡Qi wbKU cvVv‡jb| †mLv‡b Dhhv bvgK g~wZ© wQj| Lvwj`

31. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn nv/7544, mb` Qnxn| 32. Qnxn gymwjg nv/2289, 1/312 c„t, ÔRvbvhvÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-32

(Bdvev nv/2114); wgkKvZ nv/1697, c„t 148; e½vbyev wgkKvZ nv/1606, 4/73 c„t|

33. Qnxn gymwjg nv/2295, 1/312 c„t, (Bdvev nv/2120); wgkKvZ nv/1698, c„t 148|

34. Avngv` nv/21269, mb` nvmvb; Avj-Avnv`xQzj gyLZvivn nv/1157|

(ivt) †mLv‡b Avm‡jb| g~wZ©wU wZbwU evejv Mv‡Qi Dci wQj| wZwb †m¸‡jv †K‡U †dj‡jb Ges Zvi Dc‡i ˆZwi Kiv Ni †f‡½ w`‡jb| AZtci wZwb ivm~j (Qvt)-†K G‡m Lei w`‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, wd‡i hvI, Zzwg †Kvb Aciva K‡ivwb| AZtci Lvwj` (ivt) wd‡i †M‡jb| hLb Lvwj` (ivt)-†K cvnviv`viiv †`Lj ZLb Zviv H g~wZ©‡K cvnv‡oi g‡a¨ i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †eób K‡i wN‡i †djj Ges †n Dhhv! e‡j WvK‡Z jvMj| Lvwj` (ivt) Kv‡Q G‡m we —…Z Pzj wewkó GK bMœ gwnjv‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb, hvi gv_v Kv`vq j¨vÞv‡bv| wZwb Zv‡K Zievwi w`‡q AvNvZ Ki‡jb Ges nZ¨v Ki‡jb| AZtci wd‡i G‡m ivm~j (Qvt)-†K Lei w`‡jb| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, GUvB †mB Dhhv|35 D‡j−L¨ †h, kqZv‡bi civg‡k©B g~wZ©c~Rvi m~Pbv n‡q‡Q|36

�" �_� �C�� %�� F��*(�� a�� R#�� (�� _� ��A�7 ��)�;�& �%� �8�9�& ��C�B ��S ��)�" #�=�(�)�l�B ��)�Z�S #r��!�$ �,��F?��' �8�j#�2�q�v�q �8��)�9�� R��@�'

�R��T�B ��)�>�')��#�� e�' F��-�� VW#�>( .F~�7#�h�� '�7 Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) e‡jb, (g°v weR‡qi w`‡b) ivm~j (Qvt) g°vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| ZLb KvÔevi Pvicv‡k 360wU g~wZ© ’vcb Kiv wQj| ivm~j (Qvt) Zuvi nv‡Zi jvwV Øviv g~wZ©¸‡jv‡K

AvNvZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Ges ej‡Z jvM‡jb, ÔnK¡ G‡m‡Q evwZj Pzigvi n‡q‡QÕ|37

Vn� �k#* �=�� "�� %�� "�� %�" F�� R#�� R#�� (�� _� ��A�7 6~�C�� 5�u�)�"�� E�� #�� _� �R��7 �� (�u�)�" #�&� �E�� ME#�u�2�+ �3�C�+ �E �,��

��?�B*�� E�� #MS�0�1�& �r0�� E�' ��?�;�2��.o<��;�& ��'�7 Aveyj nvBqvR (ivt) e‡jb, Avjx (ivt) GK`v Avgv‡K e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) Avgv‡K †h Rb¨ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡K †m Rb¨ cvVve bv? wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔZzwg †Kvb g~wZ© bv fv½v ch©š— Qvo‡e bv Ges †Kvb DuPz Kei Qvo‡e bv hZ¶Y Zv †f‡½ gvwUi m‡½ wgwk‡q bv w`‡e|38

�� U�S#�$ �%��X#�l�h�� %�" �0�2�� " �R# �,��+�Y�B #r�#�$�� ,�� (�� _� ��A�7�J�)�l�T�S #�=�" �0�&�Y�S �R#�� #�=�?�-�+ �U�B��" ��?�� 0�Z*1�� . �8�� N ��"�� %�"� ��'�7

bv‡dÔ (ivt) e‡jb, Igi (ivt) G g‡g© Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h, †h Mv‡Qi bx‡P ivm~j (Qvt) evqÔAvZ wb‡qwQ‡jb, H Mv‡Qi Kv‡Q gvbyl fxo Ki‡Q| ZLb wZwb wb‡ ©k `vb Ki‡j Zv †K‡U †djv nq|39

(Pj‡e)

35. bvmvC Kzeiv nv/11547; gymbv‡` Avex Bqvjv nv/902, mb` Qnxn| 36. m~iv b~n 23; Qnxn eyLvix nv/4920, 2/732 c„t, ÔZvdmxiÕ Aa¨vq,

m~iv b~n| 37. eyLvix nv/2478, 1/336 c„t, Ôgvhv‡jgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-32;

gymwjg nv/4725- �8O��)�9�� R��@ �%�& � #�(�QVn� �8��e�� X#�" | Ab¨ nv`x‡Q ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Avgv‡K c„w_ex‡Z cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q g~wZ© †f‡½ Lvb Lvb Kivi Rb¨ Ges Avj−vn&i ZvInx` cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨, †hb Zuvi mv‡_ †Kvb wKQz‡K kixK bv Kiv nq- Qnxn gymwjg nv/1967, 1/276 c„t, Ôgymvwd‡ii QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-52- �L�0�1�B �E �_� �C*@��B �,��' �,#�q�'Vn� �0�;�/�' � #�@�7Vn� �8��!�" ��(��7��W��N ��"|

38. Qnxn gymwjg nv/2287, 1/312 c„t, (Bdvev nv/2112); wgkKvZ nv/1696, c„t 148; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/1605, 4/72 c„t, Ôg„Z‡K `vdb KivÕ Aby‡”Q`|

39. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn nv/7545; Zvnhxi“m mv‡R`, c„t 83|


10

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12

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hy‡×i GK ch©v‡q wmevÔ (3#��) web Avãyj Ihhv nvghvi mvg‡b Avm‡j wZwb Zv‡Z AvNvZ K‡ib| d‡j Zvi gv_v †`n †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq Ges wZwb mvg‡b AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡Kb| Gw`‡K ek©v ZvK K‡i e‡m _vKv Iqvnkx my‡hvMgZ nvghvi A‡MvP‡i Zuvi w`‡K ek©v Qzu‡o gv‡i| hv Zvi bvfxi bx‡P †f` K‡i Icv‡i P‡j hvq| Gic‡iI wZwb Zvi w`‡K †Z‡o †h‡Z jvM‡j c‡o hvb Ges wKQz¶Y c‡iB kvnv`Z eiY K‡ib|45 G hy‡× knx` nIqvi AvM ch©š— nvghvn GKvB 30 R‡bi AwaK kÎ“ †mbv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib|46 Avey mywdqv‡bi ¿x wn›` web Drevn eì hy‡× Zvi wcZvi nZ¨vKvix nvghvi Dc‡i cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi Rb¨ Zvi eyK †d‡o KwjRv †ei K‡i wb‡q wPev‡Z _v‡K Ges Zuvi bvK I Kvb †K‡U KÈnvi evbvq| nvghvn (ivt)- †K ÔmvB‡q`yk ïnv`vÕ knx`M‡Yi †bZvi“‡c Ges Avmv`yj−vn I Avmv`y ivm~wjj−vn (Avj−vni wmsn I Avj−vn& i ivm~‡ji wmsn) AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|47 kvnv`‡Zi ci nvghvi (ivt) †evb Qvwdqvn ¯xqcyÎ hyevBi‡K `yÕwU Pvì w`‡q Zuvi `vdb m¤úbœ Ki‡Z e‡jb| wKš‘ GK AvbQvixi jvk Zuvi cv‡kB c‡o _vK‡Z †`‡L AvbQvix‡K GK Pv`‡i I nvghvn‡K GK Pv`‡i Kvdb †`qv nq| wKš‘ Kvco GZ †QvU wQj †h, nvghvi gv_v XvK‡j cv †ewi‡q AvmZ Ges cv XvK‡j gv_v †ewi‡q coZ| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wb‡ ©‡k gv_v I gyLgÊj †X‡K †`qv nq I cv‡qi Dci BhwLi Nvm Pvwc‡q †`qv nq Ges Zuv‡K I Zuvi fv‡Mœ Avãyj−vn web Rvnk‡K GKB Ke‡i I‡nv` cÖvš—‡i (knx‡ì Kei ’v‡b) mgvwnZ Kiv nq| Zuvi Rvbvhvq uvwo‡q ivm~j (Qvt) Ggbfv‡e Kuv‡`b †h kã DuPz n‡q hvq|48 Zuvi m¤ú‡K© gnvbex (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb,

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Bmjv gx A v m- mv jv dx , bI `v cv ov , iv Rkvn x ] 45. Bgvg hvnvex, byhnvZzj Kyhvjv Zvnhxey wmqvi“ Avjvwgb byevjv,

(†RÏvn : `vi“j Av›`vjym, 1g cÖKvk 1991/1141) 1/32-33; AvZ-ZvnixK 3/6, 2000, c„t 24|

46. Avj-BQvevn 2/286, µwgK msL¨v 1102, AvZ-ZvnixK 14/9 Ryb 2011, c„t 10|

47. AvZ-ZvnixK 14/10, RyjvB, c„t 5| 48. Bebyj RvIhx, Avj-gybZvgvg dx ZvixwLj gyj~K Iqvj Dgvg, (êiƒZ :

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14

(c~e© cÖKvwk‡Zi ci) 6. †mvbvgwY‡ì wbqwgZ DrmvwnKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ ivLv : †mvbvgwY Z_v wkï-wK‡kviMY me© v Kíbvi RM‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡ì‡K eo‡ì gZ mvaviYfv‡e DrmvwnZ I AbycÖvwYZ Kiv hvq bv| Zv‡ì ü`q ¯ú›`b Lye †ekx| Zviv bZzb bZzb ¯cœ †`‡L Ges wPËc‡U nvhv‡iv Kíbv Auv‡K| ev —e AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K ejwQ, Avgv‡ì A‡bK eo eo `vwqZ¡kxjMYI †mvbvgwY cÖwk¶‡Y Dcw ’Z n‡q Zv‡ì‡K mwVK w`K wb‡ ©kbv w`‡Z e¨_© nb| ZvB Kíbv cÖeY I ¯cœvkÖqx wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì g‡bi †LvivK †hvMv‡Z Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMVb D™¢veb K‡i‡Q GK Awfbe †KŠkj| †mvbvgwY‡ì AbycÖvwYZ I DrmvwnZKi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMVb cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi cvkvcvwk Bmjvgx Ávb, mvaviY Ávb, †gav cix¶v (AsK, Bs‡iRx I evsjv), KweZv, msjvc, Dc‡`kg~jK Mí Ges weÁvb‡K wm‡jevmfy³ K‡i‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g †mvbvgwY‡ì †gav I gb‡bi Øvi Db¥y³ nq| G‡Z Zv‡ì myß †gav weKwkZ n‡e Ges mK‡ji Kv‡Q Zviv AvKl©Yxq n‡q DV‡e| Gi gva¨‡g †mvbvgwYiv †jLvcovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gme Kv‡R A‡bK Z…wß I Avb›` cv‡e| Avi MvwW©qvbivI G msMV‡bi cÖwZ DrmvwnZ n‡e I mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv cÖ v‡b AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡e BbkvAvj−vn| Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z mš—vb Avj−vn&i †Ìqv we‡kl †bÔgZ I AbyMÖn| G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb,

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ÔAvj−vn m„wó K‡i‡Qb †Zvgv‡ì †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì †Rvov Ges m„wó K‡i‡Qb †Zvgv‡ì †Rvov †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì cyÎ I †cŠÎ‡ì| Avi wiwhK w`‡q‡Qb †Zvgv‡ì DËg e ‘ †_‡K| ZeyI Kx Zviv evwZj‡K wek¦vm Ki‡e Ges Avj−vn&i †bÔgZ A¯xKvi Ki‡eÕ (bvnj 16/72)| myZivs mš—vb Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi c¶ †_‡K wek¦gvbeZvi Rb¨ GK we‡kl `vb I c„w_exi †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖZxK| †mvbvgwYiv wb®úvc dz‡ji gZ cweÎ| ZvB Zv‡ì‡K wbR gb †_‡K Avì I † œn Kiv Ges fvjevmv DwPr| Avmyb! Avgiv mK‡j wg‡j †mvbvgwY‡ì‡K DrmvwnZKi‡Yi G my‡hvM cÖ vb Kwi| Avgiv Rvwb, myeP‡b fvjevmv, web‡q gh©v`v, nvwmgy‡L AvbyMZ¨, Z¨v‡M †bZ…Z¡ Avi AbyMÖ‡n åvZ…Z¡ †U‡b Av‡b| �� †mvbvgwY‡ ì AvqZ¡ Avbvi †K Škj : †mvbvgwY‡ì †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡gI my›ìfv‡e GKwU cÖwk¶Y †Ìqv hvq| wkï-wK‡kvi Z_v †mvbvgwY‡ì Avq‡Z¡ Avbvi †KŠkj :

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ÔG‡mv †n †mvbvgwY| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Av`‡k© wb‡R‡K MwoÕ|

7. h _ vh _ Bmj vgx ÁvbvR©‡ b me© v m‡ P ó _ vKv : †h †Kvb msMVb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì‡K Bmjvgx Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk we‡kl wKQz ÁvbvR©b Kiv Acwinvh©| cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g bvwhjK…Z kã wQj ÁvbvR©b Kiv| gnvb Avj−vn Pvb Zvi my›ìZg m„wói g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô m„wó gvbyl my›ìfv‡e Rxeb-hvcb Ki“K| G Rb¨ wZwb bex-ivm~jM‡Yi gva¨‡g c_ wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q‡Qb GB g‡g© †h, ÔmKj Áv‡bi Drm GKgvÎ Avj−vnÕ (AvnKvd 46/23)| Avi G Rb¨B †Zv ¯‹zj, K‡jR, gvìvmv I msMVb| †mvbvgwY‡ì ÁvbvR©b g~jZt 3 fv‡e n‡q _v‡K| h_v : (1) covïbv K‡i (2) †`‡L I V‡K Ges (3) cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g| 1 I 2 bs ÁvbvR©b A‡b‡Ki c‡¶ m¤¢e wKš‘ cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g ÁvbvR©b msMVb Qvov m¤¢e bq| ZvB †Zv msMV‡bi GZ ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRb| wbqwgZ Bmjvgx eB, cwÎKv, cvVvMvi BZ¨vwì gva¨‡gI ÁvbvR©b Kiv hvq| Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMV‡bi Rb¨ †mvbvgwY‡ì Dc‡hvMx wKQz ÁvbvR©b Kiv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| †mvbvgwY‡ì mv‡_ Lvivc AvPiY I e`‡gRv‡R I ivM Ki‡j Zviv msMVb †_‡K m‡i co‡e| †mvbvgwY‡ì mv‡_ me© v gyPwK nvwm w`‡q K_v ej‡Z n‡e| KviY gyPwK nvwm cv_i‡KI †gv‡gi gZ Mwj‡q †`q| 50 . eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/4636| 51. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/4953| 52. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/4963| 53. eyLvix, gymwjg wgkKvZ nv/4947| 54. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/4884| 55. wZiwghx, Avjevbx nv/1919| 56. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/4963|

Zvbh xg

†mvbvg wY m sM Vb : ev¯ —evq‡ bi c×wZ - gyn v ¤§ v ` Av hx hyi in gv b


15

†mvbvgwY‡ì‡K GK GKRb fvj eÜz wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg I msMVb †kLv‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, #��

��h*?�B �,��(�&�f�2�� %B�0�S#�9�� VW#� ��'�� %�& �,'�� .�(�&�f�2�� ÔgywgbMY †hb gywgb Qvov †Kvb Kv‡di‡K eÜziƒ‡c MÖnY bv K‡iÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/28)| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†m e¨w³ Zvi m‡½ _vK‡e, †m hv‡K fvj‡e‡m‡QÕ|57 ivm~j (Qvt) Ab¨Î e‡jb,

�� )��<�� s8��B�0�S �� {��/ �<��;�& ÔÁvbvR©b Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Dci dihÕ|58 wZwb AviI e‡jb, �%�& ��0�B �� "

�r0� �a ��={T�[�B ��S �%B6C�� ÔAvj−vn hvi Kj¨vY Pvb wZwb Zv‡K Øx‡bi Ávb `vb K‡ibÕ|59 Avgv‡ì DwPr BnKvjxb Kj¨vY I ciKvjxb gyw³i ¯v‡_© Ges †`k I RvwZi e„nËi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMVb ev —evq‡b `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì we‡kl ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡g f~wgKv cvjb Kiv| Avi ÁvbvR©b‡K msMVb ev —evq‡bi Ab¨Zg gva¨g wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv mK‡ji GKvš— KZ©e¨|

†mvbvgwY Kie, RxebUv‡K Moe| 8 . `vwqZ¡kx‡ ì mvsMV wbK ¸Yvej x AR©b Kiv : `je×fv‡e GK mv‡_ wg‡jwg‡k KvR Kiv‡K msMVb e‡j| msMVb mvaviYZ yÕcÖKvi| h_v : (1) wbqgZvwš¿K Ges (2) AwbqgZvwš¿K| msMV‡bi †gŠwjK 5wU êwkó i‡q‡Q| †h¸‡jv †h msMV‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡Q, †mwU wbqgZvwš¿K Ges hvi g‡a¨ †bB, †mwU AwbqgZvwš¿K msMVb| 5wU êwkó nÕj- (1) j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges g~jgš¿ (2) †bZv (3) Kg©x (4) A_© (5) †¶Î| Avgv‡ì Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMVb mn G 5wU êwkó mKj msMV‡bi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �,� �� #�)�+

o� �S�7 F��-�B ��S60�� ÔAvj−vn †Kvgj, wZwb †KvgjZv‡K fvjev‡mbÕ|60

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, � �-��W# F��)��' �,#�?��)�N �%�& �,#�� W��' �,#� ��' �,#�?��)�N �%�& �i#�[6(�� Ôj¾v I Kg K_v ejv Cgv‡bi yÕwU kvLv

Avi Akvjxb I Amvi K_v ejv gybvwd‡Ki `yÕwU kvLvÕ|61 Avj−vn e‡jb, �%B��' �<� �%�� \�� ,��A�0�)�& Ô(gywgb‡ì cwiP‡q) Ôhviv Avmvi wµqvKjvc nÕ‡Z weiZ _v‡KÕ (gywgb~b 23/3)| AZGe `vwqZ¡kxj n‡e ZvivB, hv‡ì g‡a¨ Avj−vnfxwZ i‡q‡Q| GK`v ivm~j (Qvt) GK Qvnvex‡K e‡jb,

�5 �Q'�� ~��T�?�" �� *$�P�S �]��7 {��/ �W��N ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡K ZvK¡Iqv AR©‡bi AwQqZ KiwQ| KviY ZvK¡Iqv mKj wKQzi gyKzUÕ|62 ZvK¡Iqvi Kvi‡Y Avj−vn Zvi B”Qv c~iY Ki‡ebB (ZvjvK¡ 65/3)| âh© GKwU we‡kl ¸Y| âh©nxb gvbyl gnr n‡Z cv‡i bv, mdjZvi kx‡l© Av‡ivnb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| msMV‡bi

57. wZiwghx nv/2385, mb` Qnxn| 58. Beby gvRvn nv/224, wgkKvZ nv/218, mb` Qnxn| 59. eyLvix nv/71, wgkKvZ nv/200| 60. gymwjg. wgkKvZ nv/5068| 61. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/4796, mb` Qnxn| 62. Avngv` nv/11791; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/555, mb` Qnxn|

`vwqZ¡kxj‡ì Pig â‡h©i cwiPq w`‡Z nq| GB Kvi‡Y nq‡Zvev gnvb Avj−vn âh©kxj‡ì fvjev‡mb (Av‡j Bgivb 3/146)| � 60�@ �� 7#*(�� d��/ �%6 � �%6 �� =�� B�0�� %�& �]#*(�� ÔH e¨w³i Dci Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b nvivg n‡q hvq, hvi †ghvR big ¯fv‡ei I †Kvgj, gvby‡li mv‡_ wgïK cÖK…wZi Ges Zvi PwiÎ mnR I mijÕ|63 Rvixi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �%�& �0�-�B� ��S60�� 0�-�B �0� �h�� Ôhv‡K †KvgjZv †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq, Zv‡K hveZxq Kj¨vY †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nqÕ|64 Avãyj−vn Beby nv‡iQ Be‡b RvhB (ivt) e‡jb, #�&

�J�B��7 �rC�@�� 0�u�/�� #r2F;��+ �%�& �R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' ÔAvwg ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †P‡q Ab¨ KvD‡K AwaK gyPwK nvwm nvm‡Z †`wLwbÕ|65 Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMV‡bi ev —vevq‡bi j‡¶¨ Gme ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¸Yvejx AR©b Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K `vwqZ¡kx‡ji Rb¨ Acwinvh©| 9. wbqwgZ welqwfwËK cÖwk¶Y I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi eë ’ v Kiv : cÖwk¶Y k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v †Ìqv| mviv eQi †jLvcov K‡i †Kvb mš—vb hv wkL‡Z cv‡i bv, K‡qK N›Uvi cÖwk¶‡Y †m Zv wkL‡Z cv‡i| kvLv ch©v‡q cÖwZ 3 gvm Aš—i, †hjv/gnvbMi ch©v‡q cÖwZ eQi Ges †K›`ªxqfv‡e evwl©K cÖwk¶Y I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi eë ’v Kiv evÂbxq| Gi gva¨‡g msMV‡bi cÖmvi N‡U I cwiwPZ jvf K‡i Ges †mvbvgwYivI cvq cÖPzi Avb›`| G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��$�'#�)�+ �� 60�� ~��T*?��' #��' ��$�'#�)�+ �� <�q�P�� ,��'�C�)��' Ô†Zvgiv fvjKv‡R I ZvK¡Iqvi Kv‡R ci¯úi‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e Ges cvc I mxgvjsN‡bi Kv‡R G‡K A‡bï mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e bvÕ (gv‡q`v 5/2)| Bs‡iRx‡Z GKwU cÖev` Av‡Q `Training is learning designed to change the performance of the people doing job'. ÔcÖwk¶Y n‡”Q Ggb GK wk¶Y c×wZ, hv gvby‡li avivevwnK Kv‡Ri MwZavivi cwieZ©b G‡b †`qÕ| cÖwk¶‡Yi bxwZgvjv 7wU| h_v : (1) mgqgZ Dcw ’Z nIqv| (2) LvZv I Kjg m‡½ Avbv (3) g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv (4) cÖ‡qvRbxq welq †bvU Kiv (5) AbygwZ wb‡q evB‡i hvIqv (6) k„s•Ljv eRvq ivLv (7) †`vÔAv cv‡Vi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Y †kl Kiv| Gfv‡e wbqwgZ cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©x, `vwqZ¡kxj, †bZv I †mvbvgwY‡ì †hvM¨Zv, AwfÁZv, `¶Zv Ges g‡bvej e„w× cvq| d‡j mKj wel‡q we‡kl †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i _v‡K| Bmjv‡gi mKj ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q ch©vqµ‡g cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡gI Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMV‡bi ev —evqb m¤¢e| G `yÕwU wel‡q Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMV‡bi mKj ch©v‡qi `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì we‡kl bhi †Ìqv I f~wgKv ivLv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwk¶Y mswk−ó GjvKvi MY¨-gvb¨ e¨w³‡ì ¯‹zj-gvìvmv I K‡j‡Ri wk¶K I QvÎQvÎx‡ì Ges RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì m¤ú„³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq weRqx †mvbvgwY‡ì cyi¯‹vi cÖ v‡bi Rb¨ Gi

63. Avngv` nv/3938; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/5446, mb` Qnxn| 64. gymwjg nv/6763; wgkKvZ nv/5069| 65. wZiwghx nv/3641, wgkKvZ nv/4748, mb` Qnxn|


16

gva¨‡g Avw_©K I Ab¨vb¨ myweav cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMV‡bi e¨vcK cÖPvi, cÖmvi I ev —evq‡bi ¯v‡_© mKj ch©v‡qi `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì wbqwgZ cÖwk¶Y I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi eë ’v Kiv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| Avmyb Avgiv mK‡j wg‡j G wel‡q h_vh_ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kwi| 10. †mvbvgwY msM V ‡ bi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ wkï -wK‡ kvi msM V ‡ bi c v_ ©K¨ m¤ ú‡ K© Rvbv : Ô†mvbvgwYÕ msMVb QvovI evsjv‡`‡k AviI cÖvq 20/22wU wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb Av‡Q| Gme wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi A‡bK¸‡jvi †Kvb mywbw`©ó j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges Kg©m~Px †bB| cÖwZôv evwl©Kx Ges Avš—R©vwZK wkï-AwaKvi wèm cvjb BZ¨vw` Qvov G‡ì †Zgb †Kvb Kg©m~Px †`Lv hvq bv| †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi Av`wk©K I †gŠwjK cv_©K¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc : 1. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi j¶¨ : wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì g‡a¨ Bmjvgx †PZbv m„wó I Z`vbyhvqx Rxeb I mgvR M‡o †Zvjv|66 Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi j¶¨ n‡”Q, †Kvb e¨w³ ev msMV‡bi †bZvi j¶¨ ev —evq‡bi Rb¨ †PZbv m„wó I Rxeb I mgvR M‡o †Zvjv| †hgb- wRqv wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb Ges †kL iv‡mj RvZxq wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb I KuwP-KuvPvi †gjv BZ¨vw`| 2. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ : Avj−vn&i mš‘wó AR©b Kiv|67 Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, †Kvb e¨w³ ev msMV‡bi †bZvi mš‘wó AR©‡bi Dci mxgve× _vK‡e| (Zv‡ì Kg©m~Px Dc‡ii D`vniY `ªóe¨)| 3. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi g~jgš¿ : ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Av`‡k© wb‡R‡K MovÕ (Avnhve 33/21)| Gi ¯c‡¶ cweÎ KziAv‡b Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv AvqvZ Av‡Q|68 Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi PwiÎ MV‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb †Kvb wfwË, Dcv`vb ev g~jgš¿ †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg Bmjvgx msMV‡bi RvZxq wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb Ôdzj KzuwoÕ-Gi g~jgš¿ n‡”Q Ôwb‡R‡K MovÕ| Kvi, wK ev †Kvb Av`k© Zviv ev —evqb Ki‡e BZ¨vw` †Kvb evjvB Gi g‡a¨ †bB| myweavgZ mg‡q Zviv myweavgZ †h †Kvb Av`k© ev g~jgš¿ wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Zvn‡j wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì PwiÎ †Kgb n‡e Zv AwZ mn‡RB eySv hvq| 4. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges g~jgš¿ QvovI wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì PwiÎ MV‡bi Rb¨ 10wU ¸Yvejx, 5wU bxwZevK¨ Ges 4 `dv Kg©m~Pxmn GKwU mywbw ©ó c−vUdg© I Kg©-cwiKíbv Av‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡b PwiÎ MV‡bi Rb¨ Ggb mywe‡ePbvc~Y© c−vUdg© I Kg©-cwiKíbv †bB| 5. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì‡K KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K mvwe©K Rxeb MV‡bi kc_ wb‡Z nq| Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì‡K Ggb

66. m~iv evK¡vivn 2/113; Av‡j Bgivb 3/159| 67. evB‡qbvn 98/7 I 8; dRi 89/27-30; gvwq`v 5/119; Z¡nv

20/130; ivÔ` 13/22-24| 68. Kjg 68/4; Avw¤qv 21/107; nvki 59/7; bRg 53/3 I 4;

Av‡j Bgivb 3/31 I 32, 132-134,159; mvev 34/28; b~i 24/54; wbmv 4/59 I 80; Beªvnxg 14/1; ÔAvivd 7/199; ZvMveyb 64/12-13; Bqvwmb 36/34|

mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv e¨ZxZ ïaygvÎ Kg©m~Px cvj‡bi kc_ wb‡Z nq| 6. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU K_v, KvR, mfv-mgv‡ek, êVK Ges Av‡jvPbvq Bmjvgx †PZbv I Av`k©‡K h_vh_ AbymiY Kiv I mgybœZ ivLv evÂbxq| Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi Ggb †Kvb c×wZ I Av`k© AbymiY Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK bq| †hgb- RvZxq wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb Ô†LjvNiÕ-Gi cÖwZôv evwl©Kx‡Z Zviv XvK-†Xvj, bvP-Mvb, bvUK, Awfbq, µxov-†KŠZzK BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px cvjb K‡i _v‡K| 7. †mvbvgwY msMVb mywbw`©ó j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges Av`‡k©i Dci wfwË K‡i Av`k©evb e¨w³, cwievi, †mvbvjx mgvR I myk„sLj †`k Movi wbwg‡Ë GKwbôfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Avi Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì wbR¯ Ávb-eyw× I wePvi-we‡ePbvi Dci wfwË K‡i G¸‡jv Movi wbwg‡Ë KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| 8. †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi mKj wewa-weavb I bxwZgvjv AcwieZ©bxq I `xN© ’vqx| c¶vš—‡i Ab¨vb¨ wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi mKj wewa-weavb I bxwZgvjv NbNb cwieZ©bkxj I ¶Y ’vqx| †mvbvgwY msMVb e¨ZxZ evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iv wKQz wkï-wK‡kvi msMV‡bi bvg I cwiwPwZ Rvbvi Rb¨ wb‡gœ †ck Kiv nj| 1. dzj Kzuwo, 2. Av‡jvi cÖ xc †dŠR 3. †kL iv‡mj RvZxq wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb 4. wRqv RvZxq wkï-wK‡kvi msMVb 5. Kgj Kzuwo 6. iƒcvjx Zvivi †gjv 7. KuwP-KuvPvi †gjv 8. bZzb Kzuwo 9. Puv‡ì nvU 10. †Ljv Avmi 11. †K›`ªxq dzj cvwL 12. wkï eÜz 13. †Ljv Ni 14. Av‡evj Zv‡evj BZ¨vw`| †mvbvgwY msMV‡bi h_vh_ ev —evq‡bi Rb¨ D‡j−wLZ 10wU ¸Yvejx AR©b mv‡c‡¶ gnvb Avj−vn&i we‡kl g`` Kvgbv KiwQ| †n Avj−vn! Avcwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ _vKzb Ges mnvq †nŠb| Avgxb!! [†j L K : cÖ_ g c wiP vj K, †mvbvgwY]

e hj yi i n gv b cÖYxZ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K

R vb œvZ I Rv nvbœvg

† e i n ‡q‡Q ! †e i n ‡ q ‡Q !!

AvQ-wQivZ cÖKvkbx, nvwdh Av‡gbv c−vRv, bI`vcvov gvìvmv msjMœ, AvgPZ¡i, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx| †gvevBj : 01773-686671, 01738-028692


17

f~wgKv : Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z Z¡vnvivr ev cweÎZv AR©b I cwi¯‹vi-cwi”QbœZv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| cweÎZv AR©b Kiv gymwjg Rxe‡bi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ��dl��=��7

�N�l�0 ��P�B�2�,# ÔcweÎZv Cgv‡bi A‡a©KÕ|69 Bmjv‡gi cuvPwU †gŠwjK wfwËi wØZxq I Ab¨Zg †gŠj wfwË nj QvjvZ| hv cÖ‡Z¨K gymwjg e¨w³i Dci Av`vq Kiv dih| GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© dih Bev`Z cweÎZv AR©b Qvov Keyj nq bv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, s��v�Q ��T�+ �E�R��g �%�& s8��C�Q �E�' �7��=�� 0� �\�" ÔcweÎZv AR©b e¨ZxZ QvjvZ Keyj nq bv Ges nvivg gv‡ji hvKvZ Keyj nq bvÕ|70 gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, F��-�B �� ,��%B�06=�l�?�2�� F��-�B�' �.�"�*�*?�� Ôwbðq Avj−vn (Aš—i †_‡K) ZIevKvix I evwn¨Kfv‡e cweÎZv AR©bKvix‡ì fvjev‡mbÕ (evK¡vivn 2/222)| cweÎZv AR©‡bi ¸i“Z¡ GZ †ekx †h, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv cweÎ KziAv‡b †gvU 18wU m~ivq 27 evi GB kãwU eënvi K‡i‡Qb|71 ÔKzZzeym wmËvnÕ Z_v nv`x‡Qi cÖwm×Zg QqwU MÖš’ mn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xQ MÖ‡š’ Z¡vnvivr GKwU weivU Aa¨vq `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| gynvwÏQMY GB Z¡vnvivr msµvš— nv`xQ mg~n msMÖn I msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨š— K‡Vvi mvabv I AK¬vš— cwikªg K‡i‡Qb, hvi FY gymwjg RvwZi cwi‡kva Kivi mva¨ †bB| Avi gnvbex (Qvt)-Gi cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi Avè ev cweÎZv AR©‡bi wkóvPvi †Kgb wQj Zv Dc‡iv³ nv`xQ MÖš’ mg~‡n ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ G msµvš— Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv nj-

Z ¡v nv iv r-Gi cÖKv i‡ f` : cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ cweÎZv AR©b Kiv hiƒix| KviY mKj Bev`‡Zi Avewk¨K c~e©kZ© nÕj cweÎZv AR©b Kiv| Avi GUv `yÕcÖKvi| h_v : Avf¨š—ixY I evwn¨K ev ˆ`wnK|72 Avf¨š—ixY cweÎZv ej‡Z hveZxq wkiKx AvK¡x`v, wiqv, wbdvK¡, wnsmv, AnsKvi, K…cYZv, kÎ“Zv/N„Yv, AvZ¥-we‡Øl, AvZ¥-AnsKvi cÖf„wZ †_‡K ü`q‡K cweÎ ivLv Ges Avj−vn&i fvjevmvi E‡aŸ© A‡bï fvjevmv‡K ü`‡q ’vb bv †Ìqv|73 Avi ˆ`wnK cweÎZv ej‡Z kviC c×wZ Abyhvqx Ih~, †Mvmj I Zvqv¤§y‡gi gva¨‡g kixi, †cvkvK I ’v‡bi cweÎZv‡K eySvq| ˆ`wnK cweÎZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g †hgb gvbwmK cÖkvwš— jvf Kiv hvq, †Zgwb Awfkß kqZv‡bi Lvivc cÖ‡ivPbv †_‡K gy³ n‡q Avj−vn&i Bev`‡Z gk¸j _vKv hvq|

1. gymwjg nv/556; wgkKvZ nv/281, mb` Qnxn| 2. eyLvix nv/135; Qnxn gymwjg 1g LÛ 119 c„t, nv/557| 3. gynv¤§v` dzqv` ÔAvãyj evK¡x, Avj gyÔRvgyj gydvn&nvivm wj Avjdv-

whj KziAvwbj Kvixg, (†Znivb, Zvwe), c„t 581 |

4. Beivnxg gymZ¡dv, Avj gyÔRvgyj IqvmxZ¡ (`vi“` `vÔIqvn 1989 L„t/1410 wnt) 2/568 c„t; gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt), 4_© ms¯‹iY 56 c„t|

5. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 56 c„t|

wgm Iq v‡ Ki wkóv Pv i gyL cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLvi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© gva¨g wgmIqvK| wgmIqvK ejv nq, †h Kv‡Vi gva¨‡g gy‡Li uvZ mg~n fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiv nq|74 wgmIqv‡Ki gva¨‡g gy‡Li yM©©Ü ~ixf~Z nq Ges `š— †ivM †_‡K gy³ _vKv hvq| wgmIqvK Kiv mybœvZ, hv cÖ‡Z¨K Ih~i c~‡e© Ki‡Z nq|

�%�� "�� 0�B�0� �%�� R��7 �� <��' �� _� ��Q ��*$�� R#�� E�� ,�� *��N�� ?*&�� <�=�+�0�&Vn �L��6;�#�" �U�& {��/ �W��A�'.

Avey ûivqiv (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, hw` Avwg Avgvi D¤§‡Zi Dci KóKi g‡b bv KiZvg, Zvn‡j cÖ‡Z¨K Ih~i c~‡e© wgmIqvK Kivi wb‡`©k w`ZvgÕ|75 Z‡e Ab¨ eY©bvq �� ¡&� Gi cwie‡Z© .(&�¢� �� kã G‡m‡Q|76 myZivs GUv Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, GUv ïay gymwjg D¤§vni Dci wbw`©ó bq, eis mgMÖ wek¦ gvbeZvi Dci cvjbxq GK Af¨vmMZ welq| wgm Iq v K Kiv i ¸i“Z ¡ I dhx jZ :

) x (�%�� 8�[�B��@ �R#�� ,#�/ F��*(�� Q _� � �� <��' ��I�� #�� %�& �� £��1�B ��#�S �L��6;�#�".

(1) ûhvqdv (ivt) e‡jb, bex Kixg (Qvt) hLb Nyg †_‡K DV‡Zb ZLbB wgmIqvK Ki‡Zb|77

)¤ (�%��8�1�j#�� %�� 6��*(�� Q �_ � �� <��' �R#�� L��6;�� s��0�=�l�& �<�[�� s�#�A�0�& 6X*0��.

(2) Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡jb, wgmIqvK nj gyL cwi®‹viKvix I Avj−vn&i mš‘wó jv‡fi KviY|78

)y (�%�� c�$�� %�" �5��#�& �R#�� R#�� R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' �C�� G�0�u�/�� <�9� �� S �L��6;��.

(3) Avbvm Beby gv‡jK (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K AwaKnv‡i wgImqvK Kivi ZvwM` cÖ vb KiwQ|79

)| (�%�� ¥�� A�7 �� (�� *$�� 0�&�� L��6;�#�" �R#��' �R#�� F��*(�� Q _� �� <��' �,�� C��)�� I�� L*��;�+ *<�q � #�� {��!�B � #�� 5��2�� O�[��a

6. ÔAvIbyj gvÔey 1/46 c„:|

7. gymbv‡` Avngv` nv/10186; eyj~¸j gvivg nv/29, Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/5317, mb` Qnxn|

8. ÔAvIbyj gvÔey 1/46 c„t, nv/46; gymwjg 1/128 c„:, nv/612| 9. Qnxn eyLvix 1/38 c„t, nv/245; gymwjg 1/128 c„:, nv/616-619;

ivm~jyyj−vn (Qvt) hLb evox‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zb ZLbB wgmIqvK Ki‡Zb, gymwjg nv/613,614|

10. Avngv` Beby †kvÔAvBe bvmvC (215-303wn:), mybvby bvmvC (†`De›` : gvKZvevZzj AvkivwdBqvn, Zvwe) 1/3 c„t, nv/5, mb` Qnxn|

11. bvmvC 1/3 c„t, nv/6, mb` Qnxn| * gymbv‡` evhhvi nv/603, 1/121 c„t; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1213,

3/287 c„t; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe nv/215, 1/51 c„t, mb` RvBwq`|

-eh j yi ingvb

Zv i weqv Z

cw eÎZv AR ©‡b i wk óv Pv i


18

�U*2�;�?�S ��+VW��0�T�� $�C� �S ��(�& �'�� M8�2��/ #��-�$ �*?�@ �U��B ��#�S �� S #�2�S �k�0�h�B �%�& �� S �W��N �%�& �,H�0�T�� ¦ �E�� 7#�Q ��S ��>�� 5��2�� '�06=�l�S

�<�9��S�� ,H�0�T��. (4) Avjx (ivt) wgmIqvK Kivi wb‡ ©k `vb Ki‡Zb Ges ej‡Zb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, wbðq ev›`v hLb wgmIqvK K‡i QvjvZ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ uvovq, ZLb †d‡ikZv Zvi wcQ‡b uvovq| AZtci Zvi wK¡ivAvZ ïb‡Z _v‡K Ges Zvi wKsev Zvi K_vi wbKUeZx© nq| GgbwK †d‡ikZvi gyL Zvi gy‡Li Dci iv‡L| Zvi gyL †_‡K KziAv‡bi hv †ei nq, Zv †d‡ikZvi †c‡U wfZi cÖ‡ek K‡i| AZGe †Zvgiv KziAvb †ZjvIqv‡Zi Rb¨ gyL cwi®‹vi Ki|* Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, #§��' �� _� ��Q 6��*(�� C�(�� FJ�"*%�?��#�S � ÔAvwg GK`v bex (Qvt) Gi wbKU ivÎx hvcb K‡iwQjvg, ZLb wZwb wgmIqvK K‡ibÕ|80 wgmIqvK gvby‡li ¯fveRvZ AvPi‡YiI GKwU Ask|81 D‡j−L¨ †h, GwU ïay gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi mybœvZ bq| eis c~e©eZ©x mKj Avw¤qv‡q †Kiv‡giI mybœvZ wQj|82 Avey mvjvgvn (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg hv‡q` Beby Lv‡j`‡K †`‡LwQ †h, wgmIqvK Zuvi Kv‡b _vKZ †hiƒc †jLK Zvi Kjg Kv‡b †i‡L _v‡K| AZtci hLbB wZwb Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ uvov‡Zb ZLbB wgmIqvK Ki‡Zb|83 wgmIqvK Kivi c ×wZ I Dc KiY t Bgvg beex (int) (631-676 wnt) e‡jb,

��)�B �L#�?�;FB �,�� F��-�?�;�B �%�& ��FB �,�� F��-�?�;�B �' �L��7��VV�©#�" ��C�� %�2�B�#�� $#��$#�(�� <�-�� &�C�B ��m�� #M�� #�� #rA�0�� 2�S �%�&.

ÔAvivK84 Mv‡Qi Wvj w`‡q wgmIqvK Kiv gy —vnve| AZtci ¯vfvweKfv‡e gy‡Li Wvb w`K †_‡K wgmIqvK Avi¤¢ Kiv, hv‡Z ùv‡Zi †Mvovi gvsm‡ckx †_‡K i³ †ei bv nqÕ|85 1. wgmIqvK Kivi c ~‡ e© wemwgj −vn ej v : wgmIqvK Ki‡j uv‡Zi gqjv, †ivM-RxevYy I yM©Ü ~ixf~Z nq| k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡m mRxeZv wd‡i Av‡m| uvZ gReyZ I `xN© ’vqx nq| myZivs wbtm‡›`‡n Zv ïf Kv‡Ri Aš—f©y³ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mybœvZ| Avi ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) cÖ‡Z¨K ïf Kv‡Ri ïi“‡Z wemwgj−vn ej‡Zb I ejvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Zb|

)x (��% ��"�� 2�� % �7�>�� R# �/�(�J �7��B�� *(��6� �Q�� _�� '��< �S�)�u�0�G ��*"�oJ �S�T��J �+�)�c *1�� l�,# �S�T�R# ��# �+�T�� +�)�c *1�� l�,# �S�P*$�5 ��I� ��J �I��5 �+�)�ª#�< �@*?� �B�9��, �&�u�� J �'�B�T��R �"�T*��+��

12. eyLvix 1/38 c„t| 13. o0�1�� %�& ��0�l�[�� F�� X�7#*1�� W#�[��' �8� �-{�� L��6;��' -gymwjg nv/627;

Avey vE` nv/53; Beby gvRvn nv/293; wZiwghx nv/2757; wgkKvZ nv/379, mb` Qnxn|

14. 8(;�� 8�CT�� W# �$«� .T"#;�� -AvIbyj gvÔey 1/53 c„t| 15. �R#�� "�� 8�2�� J�B��0�S �rC�B�e �c��Z�B ��S �C�Z�;�2�� ,��' �L��6;�� %�& ��$�I�� U�A��& �<O��T��

�%�& �,�I�� +#�9�� #�2��9�S �� # �� v*!�� L#�?�� -Avey vE` nv/47, mb` Qnxn| 16. `xN© KvÛ wewkó KuvUv`vi e„¶, Aveyj dhj gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwdh

evjqvfx, Abyev` : nvexeyi ingvb b`fx, wgmevûj jyMvZ (Aviex evsjv), (_vbex jvB‡eªix, 59 PKevRvi, XvKv 1424 wnt/2003 L„t) 9 c„t|

17. ÔAvIbyj gvÔey 1/46 c„t, ÔwgmIqvK KivÕ Aby‡”Q`-Gi Av‡jvPbv ªóe¨|

�'��9�% �� "�;�< �_� �S�P*$�5 ��I� ��J �I��5 �+�!�g#�0 �@*¡ �B�9��, �&�u�� d��"�X#.

(1) Aveyj gvjxn GKRb Qvnvex nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡ib, Qvnvex e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi evn‡bi wcQ‡b wQjvg| Zuvi evnbwU nVvr †nuvPU †L‡q coj| Avwg ejjvg, kqZvb Amy ’ n‡q c‡o‡Q A_ev kqZvb aŸsm n‡q‡Q| bex Kixg (Qvt) ej‡jb, kqZvb Amy ’ n‡q c‡o‡Q ej‡e bv| KviY Zzwg hw` Giƒc ej, Z‡e †m wb‡R‡K eo fve‡e; GgbwK evwoi AvK…wZi b¨vq (eo) n‡q hv‡e Ges ej‡e †h, Avgvi kw³i ØvivB Giƒc N‡U‡Q| Z‡e Ôwemwgj−vnÕ ej| KviY Gi d‡j †m wb‡R‡K †QvU fve‡e; GgbwK †m gvwQi b¨vq (†QvU) n‡q hv‡eÕ|86

)¤ (��% �>�"#�0 ��% *(��6� �<��' �� _� ��Q ��R# ��g�� "�"#�5 �'�I��/�0 ��< �_� �PS�, *1�� l�,# ��# �B�[�?�� "r"## �&�\��MT# �'�� &�!�#��@�5 �'�I��/�0 ��< �_� �'�a62�0� �$�VW#�L �'�� "�)�� +�)�0�A�� '�I��/�0 ��< �_� �'��'�L ��TVW#�L �'�/I��0 ��< �_�.

(2) Rvwei Beby Avãyj−vn (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôwemwgj−vnÕ e‡j †Zvgvi ìRv eÜ Ki| KviY kqZvb eÜ ìRv Lyj‡Z cv‡i bv| Ôwemwgj−vnÕ e‡j evwZ wbwf‡q `vI| GKUz KvVLwo n‡jI AvovAvwofv‡e †i‡L Ôwemwgj−vnÕ e‡j cv‡Îi gyL †X‡K ivL Ges cvwbi cvÎ †X‡K ivLÕ|87 Dc‡iv³ nv`xQ `yÕwU Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Ôwemwgj−vnÕ ej‡j kqZvb AcgvwbZ nq Ges gvwQi b¨vq †QvU n‡q hvq| d‡j †m Avi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GQvov cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡Ri c~‡e© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zuvi D¤§‡Zi Dci wemwgj−vn ejvi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| myZivs wemwgj−vn e‡j wgmIqvK ïi“ Kiv DwPr | 2. Wvb w`K w`‡ q ï i“ Kiv : Wvb w`K BwZevPK Bw½‡Zi cwiPq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wgmIqvKmn cÖ‡Z¨K fvj KvR Wvb w`K w`‡q Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z fvjevm‡Zb|88 Ab¨ eY©bvq i‡q‡Q †h,

��%�� "�� 0�B�0��7 �A�� _� ��(�� R#�� R#�7 ��R�_� �Q �� _� �� '��<� �I�� ;�?�<�' ��I�+ ��*A�+Y�<�S �"#�C�'z�"��Y�B2�$#�9�<.

Avey ûivqiv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, hLb †Zvgiv †cvkvK cwiavb Ki‡e A_ev Ih~ Ki‡e ZLb Wvb w`K †_‡K Avi¤¢ Ki‡e|89 myZivs Wvb w`K †_‡K wgmIqvK ïi“ Kiv mybœvZ|

3. gvwoi ùv‡ Zi Dc i Ges `yB †VuvU DuP z K‡ i m¤ §y‡ L i ùvZ¸‡ j v fvj fv‡ e c wi®‹vi Kiv : kw³kvjx gvwo I my ’ ùv‡Zi Rb¨ gvwoi ùvZ¸‡jv my›ì K‡i N‡l cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avey g~mv Avj-AvkÔAvix 18. Avey vE` myjvqgvb Bebyj AvkÔAvQ Avm-mvRv —v-bx (202-

275wn:), mybvby Avex`vE` (†`De›` : gvKZvevZzj AvkivwdBqvn Zvwe) 2/680 c„:, nv/4982, mb` Qnxn|

19. Avey vE` 2/524 c„:, nv/3731; eyLvix 1/463-464 c„:, nv/3280, mb` Qnxn|

20. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/400| 21. gymbv‡` Avngv`, Avey vE`, wgkKvZ nv/401, mb` Qnxn|


19

(ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Zuvi wRnŸvi Dci wgmIqvK Ki‡Z †`‡LwQ|90 G g‡g© Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q,

�%�� "�� & �R#�� J�� 6��*(�� <��' �� _� ��Q ��)�&�' �,�v�>�7 �%�& �.6B�0�)�NVn� #�2��C�@�� %�� ( �2�B �0�a¬��' �%�� ~�7#�;�B �R��7�' �� <��' �� _� ��Q �L#�?�;�B #�2��v�9�S �R�Y�� 2�) �J�� ~��'

�5�u�)�" 6��-��#�" # ��$ #�& ��$#�)�� #�& ��S #�2�=�;�[�$�� #�&�' �G�0�)�N #�2�=*$�� ,#��l�B ��2�)�� 6$�Y�9�S �0�:�$�� /�� J�-�+ ��?�[�N �J�!��.

ÔAvey g~mv AvkÔAvix (ivt) e‡jb, GK`v Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU Gjvg| Avgvi mv‡_ AvkÔAvi †Mv‡Îi `yÕRb †jvK wQj| Zviv GKRb Avgvi Wvb cv‡k Avi Ab¨Rb Avgvi evg cv‡k wQj| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wgmIqvK KiwQ‡jb| Zviv DfqB †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kij| Avwg ZLb ejjvg, †mB mËvi K¡mg! whwb Avcbv‡K mZ¨ bex K‡i cvwV‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì Aš—‡i Kx wQj Zv Avgv‡K AeMZ K‡iwb Avi Avwg eyS‡ZI cvwiwb †h, Zviv KvR PvB‡e| GKch©v‡q Avwg j¶¨ K‡i †`Ljvg, wgmIqvK Zuvi †VuvU‡K DuPz K‡i †i‡L‡QÕ|91 4 . nvZ w`‡ q wRnŸ v fvj fv‡ e iM ov‡ bv : ùvZ I gyL cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ nvZ w`‡q ùv‡Zi Pvicv‡k I wRnŸvi Dci fvjfv‡e iMov‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z †Kvb RxevYy I gqjv _vK‡Z bv cv‡i|

�%�� "�� 0�" �%�� "�� R#�� J� �+�� *��*(�� <��' �� _� ��Q ��O�+�C�>��S F%�?�;�B �L��;�" ��C� �" �R��T�B �3�� 3�� L��6;��' ��S �� S ��*$�Y�/ �?�B�3*��=.

ÔAvey eyi`vn (ivt) Zuvi wcZv Ave~ g~mv AvkÔAvix (ivt) e‡jb, GKevi Avwg bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m Zuv‡K nvZ w`‡q wgmIqvK Kiv Ae ’vq †cjvg| wZwb Ggb K‡i AvÔ AvÔ kã KiwQ‡jb g‡b nw”Qj †hb wZwb ewg Ki‡Qb|92 Avey g~mv (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg Zv‡K wRnŸvi Dci wgmIqvK Ki‡Z †`‡LwQ|93 5. Nyg †_ ‡ K D‡ V c Ö‡ Z¨K Ih ~i c ~‡ e© wgmIqvK Kiv : Nygš—ve ’vq gy‡L R‡g _vKv RxevYy¸‡jv †ekx AvµgY K‡i _v‡K| d‡j `š—¶q †iv‡M Avµvš— nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| ZvB `š—¶q‡iva Kivi Rb¨ cÖZ¨n Nyg †_‡K RvMÖZ n‡q wgmIqvK ev eªvk Kiv hiƒix| mv‡_ mv‡_ gy‡Li cweÎZv i¶vi Rb¨ Ih~i c~‡e© wgmIqvK Kiv mybœvZ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,

�%�� "�� 0�B�0� �%�� R��7 �� <��' �� _� ��Q ��*$�� R#�� E�� ,�� *��N�� ?*&�� <�=�+�0�&Vn �L��6;�#�" �U�& {��/ �W��A�'.

Avey ûivqivn (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, hw` Avwg Avgvi D¤§‡Zi Dci Kó`vqK g‡b bv KiZvg ZvnÕ‡j cÖ‡Z¨K Ih~i c~‡e© wgmIqvK Kivi wb‡ ©k w`Zvg|94 22. gymwjg nv/615; bvmvC 1/2 c„t, nv/3| 23. bvmvC 1/2-3 c„t, nv/4; gymwjg nv/4822, mb` Qnxn| 24. eyLvix 1/38 c„t, nv/244; bvmvC 1/2 c„t, nv/3; ÔAvIbyj gvÔey

1/50-51 c„t, nv/49| 25. gymwjg nv/615; ÔAvIbyj gvÔey 1/50-51 c„t, nv/49; bvmvC 1/2

c„t, nv/3|

26. gymbv‡` Avngv` nv/10186; eyj~¸j gvivg nv/29; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/5317, mb` Qnxn|

6. Kgc ‡ ¶ yB/ wZb wgwbU a‡ i wgmIqvK Kiv : AvaywbK wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi me©‡kl M‡elYv Abyhvqx my ’ ùvZ I kw³kvjx gvwoi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Kgc‡¶ `yB/wZb wgwbU a‡i my›ì K‡i wgmIqvK Kiv| KviY ¯í mg‡qi Rb¨ wgmIqvK Ki‡j ùv‡Zi RxevYy `~ixf~Z nq bv| djkÖ“wZ‡Z ùv‡Zi Dci RxevYy evmv euv‡a, ùv‡Zi ¶q‡ivM e„w× cvq I gvwoi cv‡k cv_i R‡g gy‡Li `yM©Ü e„w× K‡i| hv gvbyl‡K Kó †`q Ges ùvZI Awej‡¤^ bó n‡q hvq| myZivs wgmIqvK ev eªvk Kivi mgq Kgc‡¶ `yB/wZb wgwbU mgq †¶cb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv ¯v‡ ’i Rb¨ DcKvix|95 7. †k‡ l wgmIqvK ay‡ q †d j v Ges Avj -nvg`ywj j −vn e‡ j †kl Kiv : ùvZ cwi®‹vi Kivi ci eëüZ wgmIqvKwU my›ì K‡i ay‡q †dj‡Z n‡e †hb gqjv-AveR©bv bv _v‡K|

��% ��j#�1�8 ��*$�=# ��#�J �/�,# *$��F� �Q�� _�� '��< �B�;�?�L# �S� �)�l� �(�� 6;��L� ��Y�g�;�� S�Y�"�C�� "�� S�Y��?�L# �q*< ��g�;�� '��S�)�� .

ÔAv‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, bex Kixg (Qvt) wgmIqvK Kivi ci Zv cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡K w`‡Zb| AZtci Avwg cÖ_‡g Zv w`‡q wgmIqvK KiZvg Zvici cwi®‹vi K‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wdwi‡q w`Zvg|96 cwi‡k‡l Avj-nvg`ywjj−vn e‡j wgmIqvK Kivi ce© mgvwß Ki‡Z n‡e| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�%�� c�$�� %�" �5��#�& �,�� *��*(�� <��' �� _� ��Q �R#�� ,�� A�0� �� %�� C��)�� ,�� Y�B��/ �8��/Vn� �'�� X�0�1�B �8�"�0*1�� C�2�-� �S #�=� ��.

ÔAvbvm Beby gv‡jK (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ev›`v Lv`¨ †L‡q A_ev cvwb cvb K‡i Avj-nvg`ywjj−vn ej‡j Avj−vn Lywk nb|97 myZivs cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki DwPr wgmIqv‡Ki c‡i Avj-nvg`ywjj−vn ejv| 8 . wQqvg Ae ’vq w gmIqvK Kiv : gymwjg mgv‡R GKUv fyj cÖ_v Pvjy Av‡Q †h, wQqvg Ae ’vq wgmIqvK Ki‡j wQqvg bó n‡q hvq| A_P D³ aviYv m¤ú~Y© åvš—| eis KuvPv †nvK ïKbv †nvK †h‡Kvb Wvj ev †c÷hy³ eªvk Øviv wgmIqvK Kiv hv‡e| ÔAv‡gi Beb ivexÔAv (ivt) e‡jb, �J�B��7 *��*(�� Q _� � �� <��' �L#�?�;�B ��' o<�j#�Q #�& �E

��!�@�� '�� FC�� ÔAvwg bex Kixg (Qvt)-†K wQqvg Ae¯’vq AmsLëvi wgmIqvK Ki‡Z †`‡LwQÕ|98 Rv‡ei I hv‡q` Beby Lv‡j` (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb wQqvg Ae ’vq ev wQqvg Ae ’vq bq Giƒc Ae ’vi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ K‡ibwb|99 IQgvb (ivt)I G`yÕwUi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ K‡ibwb|100 (Pj‡e)

27. P¶z, KY©, bvwmKv I gyLMne‡ii hš¿mg~‡ni wcov I Zvnvi wPwKrmv,

W: Afqc` P‡Ævcva¨vq (165 wewcbvwnqx Mv½yjx ÷ªxU, KwjKvZv 700012, 4_© ms¯‹iY, 1415 êkvL) 287 c„t|

28. ÔAvIbyj gvÔey 1/52 c„t, nv/ 51; wgkKvZ nv/384, mb` nvmvb| 29. wZiwghx nv/1816; gymbv‡` Avngv` nv/12189; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ

nv/1816, mb` Qnxn| 30. Qnxn eyLvix 1/259 c„t, ÔwQqvgÕ Aa¨vq-30, ÔwQqvg Ae ’vq KuvPv ev

ïK‡bv wgmIqvK eënvi KivÕ Aby‡”Q`-27| 31. cÖv¸ß| 32. �R#�� S �%�& �Y*A��+ ��j��A�' �� <��' �i60�[�B �%� �" �<�j#�Q �0�l�[�&�' -Beby nvRvi

ÔAvmK¡vjvbx (int), dvrûj evix kvin Qnxn eyLvix (êiƒZ : `vi“j gvÔAvwid, 1379 wnt), 4/158 c„t|


20

f~wgKv : c„w_exi BwZnv‡m cÖengvb cvc mg~‡ni g‡a¨ wkiK me©v‡c¶v eo cvc wnmv‡e ¯xK…Z| wki‡Ki †P‡q RNb¨ †Kvb cvc †bB| Ab¨vb¨ cvc gnvb Avj−vn mn‡RB gvd K‡i †`b| wKš‘ wki‡Ki cvc mn‡R gvd K‡ib bv| wki‡Ki Aciv‡ai Rb¨ webq-bgªZvi mv‡_ ZIev Ki‡Z nq| wkiK‡K Kvexiv ¸bvn mg~‡ni g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v eo Kvexiv ¸bvn wnmv‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avãyi ingvb Beby AveyeKi Zvi wcZv †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib, Zvi wcZv e‡jb, GK`v Avgiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wQjvg| wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì me‡P‡q eo wZbwU cv‡ci K_v eje Kx? QvnvexMY ej‡jb, n uv †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvj−vn&i mv‡_ wkiK Kiv, wcZv-gvZvi Aeva¨ nIqv, wg_¨v mv¶¨ cÖ vb KivÕ|101 wkiK GK AgvR©bxq Aciva| Avbvm (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ô†n Av`g mš—vb! Zzwg hw` Avgvi wbKU hgxb fwZ© cvc wb‡q Avm, Avi wkiK gy³ Ae ’vq Avgvi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki| Zvn‡j Avwg H hgxb fwZ© cvc ¶gv K‡i wèÕ|102 ZvB eySv hvq, wki‡Ki gZ RNb¨ cvc c„w_ex‡Z wØZxqwU †bB| hvi Kvi‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K bex I ivm~jMY wki‡Ki wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb K‡i †M‡Qb| †Kvb bex I ivm~j‡K wki‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡cvm Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| Zuviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K wQ‡jb wki‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡cvmnxb| wki‡ Ki kvwãK c wiwP wZ : Beby gvbhyi e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvk-wkiKvZzÕ I ÔAvk-kviKvZzÕ 8/01O�� ' 8/01O�� mgv_©‡evaK `yÕwU kã| hvi A_© nj, `yÕkix‡Ki mswgkªY| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔBkZvivKvbvÕ #(/0?ON� ÔAvgiv kixK njvgÕ k‡ãi A_© nj, ÔZvkvivKvbvÕ #(/7#1+ ÔAvgiv ci¯úi kixK njvgÕ| `yÕRb kixK nj Avi ci¯úi kixK nj ev G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ kixK nj wKsev kixK nIqv G mKj k‡ãi A_© nj, ÔAvj-gykvwiKÕ L7#1¢� ev Askx`vi| ÔAvk-wkiKyÕ L01O�� kãwUI kixK Kiv I kixK nIqvi gZB| Gi eûePb nj ÔBkivKÕ I ïivKv-DÕ W#/0N ' L0N� ÔmKj kixKvb ev Askx`viÕ|103 Avj-gybwR` bvgK Awfav‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, �0&� � L0N� A_©vr ÔZvi Kv‡R †m (Aci KvD‡K) kixK K‡i wb‡q‡QÕ| #" L0N� 101. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2664, 1/362 c„t; Qnxn gymwjg nv/255,

1/64 c„t| 102. wZiwghx nv/3540; wgkKvZ nv/2336, mb` Qnxn| 103. Beby gvbRyi, wjmvbyj Avie, L01�� kãg~j (1805 wnt),

10/448-450 c„t|

_� A_©vr ÔAvj−vn&i mv‡_ Askx`vi mve¨ — K‡i‡QÕ| Avi †h Zv Kij †m gykwiK n‡q †Mj|104 †kL hvKvwiqv e‡jb, wkiK kãg~jwU mswgkªY I GKwÎKi‡Yi A_© cÖKvk K‡i| †Kvb e ‘i Ask we‡kl hLb GKR‡bi n‡e, ZLb Gi Aewkó Ask Aci GK ev GKvwaK R‡bi n‡e|105 †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, � �� <�=�� oL�0�N ��S ��G��'#�2*;� ÔZ‡e wK AvKvkgÊjx‡Z Zv‡ì Askx`vwiZ¡ i‡q‡QÕ (AvnK¡vd 46/4)| Dc‡iv³ eY©bvi Av‡jv‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h, ÔwkiKÕ kãwU g~jMZfv‡eB wgkªY I wgj‡bi A_© cÖKvk K‡i Ges G †gŠwjK A_©wU Gi mKj iƒcvš—wiZ k‡ãi g‡a¨ wbwnZ _v‡K| Avi `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i ga¨Kvi Askx`vwiZ¡ †hgb Bw›`ªq Abyf~Z e ‘mg~‡ni g‡a¨ n‡Z cv‡i, †Zgwb Zv †Kvb A_©MZ ev ¸YMZ e ‘‡ZI n‡Z cv‡i|106 wki‡ Ki c vwifvwlK c wiwP wZ : W. Beivnxg eixKvb wki‡Ki cvwifvwlK A_© eY©bvq e‡jb, Mvqi“j−vn‡K Avj−vn&i êwk‡óï mgK¶ Kiv| mgK¶ ej‡Z GLv‡b gy³ kixKvbv eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K, kixKvbvq Avj−vn&i Ask Mvqi“j−vn-Gi As‡ki mgvb n‡Z cv‡i A_ev Avj−vn&i Ask Mvqi“j−vn-Gi As‡ki †P‡q AwaKI n‡Z cv‡i|107 wZwb wki‡Ki Av‡iKwU A_© wb‡q‡Qb †h, Avj−vn&i cvkvcvwk Mvqi“j−vn‡K Dcvm¨ I gvbëi wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv| KziAvb, mybœvn I AMÖeZ©x gbxlxM‡Yi K_vq wkiK kãwU hLb mvaviYfv‡e eëüZ nq, ZLb Gi Øviv wki‡Ki wØZxq A_©B D‡Ïk¨ n‡q _v‡K|108 g~jZt wkiK n‡”Q m„wó I mªóvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© nIqv ev m„wó‡K mªóvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© Kiv| A_©vr mªóv nIqvi Rb¨ †h me ¸Yvejx ìKvi, †m¸‡jvi †¶‡Î †Kvb †jvK m„wó‡K mªóvi mv‡_ Zzjbv ev mv`„k¨c~Y© Ki‡j, †m gykwiK n‡q hv‡e|109

104. Aa¨vcK AvbZzqvb, Avj-gybwR` (êi“Z : `vi“j gvkvwiK,

21 Zg ms¯‹iY, 1972 wLªt), c„t 384| 105. W. gynv¤§v` gyhhvw¤§j Avjx, wkiK Kx I †Kb? (wm‡jU :

GWy‡Kkb †m›Uvi, 1g cÖKvk RyjvB-2007 Bs), c„t 29| 106. wkiK Kx I †Kb? c„t 30| 107. W. Beªvnxg eixKvb, Avj-gv`Lvjy wj‡ìvmvwZj

ÔAvK¡x`vwZj Bmjvwgq¨vn ÔAvjv gvhnvwe Avnwjm mybœvwZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvn (Avj-Lyeve : `vi“m mybœvn wjb bmwi IqvZ ZvIhx, 1992 Bs), c„t 125|

108. Avj-gv`Lvjy wj‡ìvmvwZj ÔAvK¡x`vwZj Bmjvwgq¨vn ÔAvjv gvhnvwe Avnwjm mybœvwZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvn, c„t 126|

109. g~j : Avjx web bydvqx Avj-DjvBqvbx, Abyev` : BwÄwbqvi gynv¤§v` gywReyi ingvb, AvK¡x`vi gvb`‡Ê ZvÕweh (XvKv :

wk iK I Zvi f qve n cwi YwZ - Bgv gyÏ x b web Av ãyj ev Q xi

Zv R`x ‡` wgj−v Z


21

Avj−vn&i mv‡_ wkiK Kivi A_© nj- ev›`v †Kvb e¨w³‡K Avj−vn&i mgK¶ g‡b K‡i, Zvi wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡i, †Kvb wKQz Avkv K‡i, Zv‡K fq K‡i, Zvi Dci fimv K‡i, Zvi wbKU mycvwik PvIqv, Zvi wbKU wec` †_‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨ dwiqv` Kiv, wKsev Zvi wbKU Ggb wel‡q mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv, hvi mgvavb Avj−vn Qvov Ab¨ †KD w`‡Z cv‡i bv, A_ev Zvi wbKU wggvsmv PvIqv, wKsev Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zv K‡i Zvi AvbyMZ¨ Kiv, A_ev Zvi KvQ †_‡K kixÔAv‡Zi weavb MÖnY Kiv wKsev Zvi Rb¨ (ev Zvi bv‡g) hen Kiv, A_ev Zvi bv‡g gvbZ Kiv, A_ev Zv‡K GZUzKz fvjevmv hZUzKz Avj−vn‡K fvjevmv DwPr| myZivs Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv †h mKj K_v, KvR I wek¦vm‡K IqvwRe ev gy —vnveiƒ‡c wba©viY K‡i‡Qb, †m¸‡jvi me wKsev †Kvb GKwU Mvqi“j−vn Z_v Avj−vn Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv D‡`‡k¨ KivB nj wkiK| wki‡ Ki c ÖKvi‡ f` : cÖK…Zc‡¶ wkiK wZb fv‡M wef³| (K) wki‡K AvKevi ev eo wkiK (L) wki‡K AvQMvi ev †QvU wkiK (M) wki‡K Lvdx ev †Mvcb wkiK| wki‡ K AvKevi ev eo wkiK : wek¦vm RvZxq welqv`x I Dcvmbvi †¶‡Î Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK ev mgvb KivB g~jZt wki‡K AvKevi| Avevi †KD msÁv cÖ vb cÖm‡½ e‡jb, wki‡K AvKevi n‡”Q, Avj−vn&i mv‡_ KvD‡K wkiK Kiv| †hgb Ab¨‡K AvnŸvb Kiv, A‡bï wbKU wKQz Kvgbv Kiv, Ab¨‡K fq Kiv, Ab¨‡K Avj−vn&i b¨vq fvjevmv, A‡bï Rb¨ cï DrmM© ev gvbZ Kiv| †KD †KD e‡jb, Avj−vn&i mv‡_ Mvqi“j−vn‡K AvnŸvb KivB n‡”Q wki‡K AvKevi|110 Avevi †KD e‡jb, Avj−vn&i Dcvmbv mg~‡ni †Kvb Dcvmbv Mvqi“j−vn-Gi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv‡K wki‡K AvKevi ejv nq|111 Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi bvgvejx I ¸Yvejxi †h êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q, †h êwkó¸‡Y wZwb Avgv‡ì GKK ie I Dcvm¨, Avgv‡ì ivm~j (Qvt) ev †Kvb Awj-ì‡ek, wRb-cix ev MÖn-Zviv, MvQ-cvjv I cv_i BZ¨vw`‡K †m me êwk‡óï †Kvb bv †Kvb êwk‡óï mgvb ev AvswkK AwaKvix e‡j g‡b Kiv Ges bex, Awj, MvQ-cvjv I cv_i BZ¨vw`‡K †K›`ª K‡i kix‡ii A½-cÖZ¨½ I Aš—i Øviv Dcvmbvg~jK †Kvb Kg© Kiv‡K wki‡K AvKevi ejv nq|

Bmjvgx HwZn¨ msi¶Y ms ’v, cÖKvkKvj : ivgvhvb 1417 wnt, 1997 Cmvqx), c„t 25|

110. wkiK Kx I †Kb?, c„t 58| 111. Avãyj Avhxh Avj-gynv¤§v` Avm-mvjvg, Avj-AvmBjvZz

Iqvj AvRBevwZj DQ~wjq¨vwZ ÔAvjvj ÔAvK¡x`vwZj Iqv-wmwZq¨vwZ wj Be‡b ZvBwgq¨vn (21Zg ms¯‹iY, 1983 wLªt), c„t 58|

Giƒc wkiKKvixi cwiYwZ nj wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvg| †hgb gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��*$�� %�& �L�0�1�B ��#�" �C�T�S � *0�@ �� 8*(�Z��

��'�Y�&�' �7#*(�� #�&�' �.�2��#�:�� %O�& �7#�!O�$�� Ô†h Avj−vn&i mv‡_ Ab¨ KvB‡K kixK Ki‡e, Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ RvbœvZ nvivg K‡i w`‡eb Ges Zvi Avem ’j n‡e RvnvbœvgÕ (gv‡q`v 5/72)|

wki‡ K AvQM vi ev †QvU wkiK :

wki‡K AvKevi bq Ggb †h me Kg©‡K kixÔAv‡Z my úó cÖgvY Øviv wkiK e‡j bvg KiY Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvB n‡”Q wki‡K AvQMvi| †hgb †KD ejj, ÔAvj−vn Avi Avcwb hv PvbÕ| ÔAvj−vn Avi Avcwb hw` Dcw ’Z bv _vK‡Zb, Zvn‡j Avgvi gnv wec` n‡q †hZÕ| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Aci Kv‡iv bv‡g kc_ Kiv BZ¨vw`|112

W. Beivnxg eixKvb wki‡Ki msÁvq e‡jb, ÔAvg‡ji †¶‡Î Mvqi“j−vn‡K Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi mgvb g‡b Kiv‡K wki‡K AvQMvi ejv nqÕ| †hgb †Kvb Kv‡R I K_vq †jvK †`Lv‡bvi fve Kiv|113

Bgvg Bebyj K¡Bwqg wki‡K AvQMv‡ii D`vniY w`‡q e‡jb, ÔDcvmbvq †jvK †`Lv‡bvi fve Kiv, gvby‡li mš‘wói D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb KvR Kiv, Avwg Avj−vn I Avcbvi Dci fimv K‡iwQ GgbwU ejv, Avj−vn I Avcwb bv n‡j GgbwU nZ| G me D`vniY cÖ v‡bi ci wZwb e‡jb, wki‡K AvQMvi KL‡bv KZ©v e¨w³i gvbwmK Ae ’v I D‡Ï‡kï cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wki‡K AvKev‡iI iƒcvš—wiZ n‡Z cv‡iÕ|114

Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, wki‡K AvQMvi nj- ÔGgb me K_v ev KvR, hv evwn¨Kfv‡e Mvqi“j−vn‡K Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi mv‡_ mgvb K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq, hwÌ GB mgK¶ evbv‡bvUv KZ©v e¨w³i D‡Ïk¨ bqÕ|115

wb‡gœv³ D`vniY ¸‡jv‡Z wki‡K AvQMv‡ii cwiPq Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| †hgbfv‡e gvby‡liv e‡j _v‡K, Avj−vn Avi GB †cvlv KzKziwU bv n‡j AvR iv‡Z Avgvi evox‡Z Pzwi n‡q †hZ| Avj−vn Ges Avcwb bv n‡j AvR‡K gnv ANUb N‡U †hZ| Avwg gvwU nv‡Z wb‡q ev gv‡qi bvg wb‡q ev mš—v‡bi gv_vq nvZ †i‡L ev †Pv‡Li ev `vbv Qzu‡q kc_ K‡i ejwQ| Avwg Avj−n&i AbyMÖ‡n Ges Avcbv‡ì †`vÔAvq fvj AvwQ BZ¨vw` ai‡bi K_v ejv| (Pj‡e)

[†j L K : †K›`ªxq mvaviY m¤ ú v`K, evsj v‡ `k Avn‡ j nv`xQ h yemsN]

112. ÔAvK¡x`vwZj IqvwmwZq¨v, †j Be‡b ZvBwgq¨vn c„t 170| 113. W. Beªvnxg eixKvb, cÖv¸³ c„t 126| 114. Avk-kvqL myjvBgvb Beby Avãyj−vn Beby gybx, ZvBmxi“j

ÔAvhxwhj nvgx` dx ki‡n wKZvweZ ZvInx` (êi“Z : Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1g ms¯‹iY, 1402 wnt), c„t 45|

115. wkiK Kx I †Kb? c„t 62|


22

f~wgKv : Øxbx Bjg Qvov RvwZ‡K c_ cª k©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| hLb †Kvb RvwZ Ab¨vq I AcK‡g© wjß n‡q‡Q, ZLbB Avj−vn H RvwZi wbKU GKRb bex‡K Awn-i Ávbmn cvwV‡q‡Qb| Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi hy‡M Avieiv jyUZivR, ivnvRvwb, †MvÎKjn, †hbv-e¨wfPvi mn hveZxq Ab¨vq I cvc Kv‡R wjß wQj| wek¦bex gynv¤§v` (Qvt) `xN© 23 eQ‡ii beyIqvZx wh‡›`Mx‡Z ch©vqµ‡g Awn-i Áv‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡ì‡K Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi AÜKvi †_‡K mwVK c‡_i w`kv w`‡qwQ‡jb| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ m~ , Nyl, Lyb, wQbZvB, WvKvwZ, ivnvRvwb, †hbv-e¨wfPvi, niZvj-Ae‡iva, ¸g BZ¨vwì RqRqKvi Pj‡Q| Z_vKw_Z MYZš¿ cªwZôvi bv‡g gvbyl AvR wefxwlKvi g‡a¨ wbgw¾Z| GLvb †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi GKgvÎ Dcvq nj cÖK…Z wk¶v| wb‡¤œ Bjg ev wk¶v AR©‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj| Bj ‡ gi msÁv :

ÔBjgÕ Aviex kã <�)�� gvQ`vi †_‡K DrKwjZ| A_© L�7�E�8S0)¢�' eySv, Dcjwä Kiv| cvwifvwlK A_©, _� �STB 7�$ �

�� ®�j#T@ �" �0)B ��¯ %& ' W# NE�#=�&��g ÔGUv Ggb Av‡jv, hv Avj−vn Zuvi wcÖq gvby‡li Aš—‡i †X‡j †`b| AZtci wZwb Zv Øviv e ‘i ZË¡ I inm¨ Rvb‡Z cv‡ibÕ| ÒXFORD dictiornary'-†Z Bjg ev Áv‡bi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, `The information, understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience'.

Øxbx Bj ‡ gi ¸i“Z¡ : Avj−vn KZ©„K ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wReixj gvidZ me©cÖ_g cÖZ¨v‡`kK…Z kã nj, ��0�� ÔAvcwb co–b!| ivm~j (Qvt) ZLb e‡jwQ‡jb, #�$�� °�7#�T�" ÔAvwg co‡Z Rvwb bvÕ| ZLb wReixj (Avt) Zv‡K Rvc‡U a‡iwQ‡jb| GB GKB `„k¨ wZbevi nIqvi ci ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU m~iv ÔAvjv‡K¡i cÖ_g cuvPwU AvqvZ bvwhj nq|116 Ki“Yvgq Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv ivm~j (Qvt)-†K Awn-i Ávb wk¶v †`b| myZivs Avgv‡ì mgvR I †`k †_‡K Ab¨vq, AcKg© `~i Ki‡Z Bj‡gi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| Bjg AR©‡bi wb‡ ©kbv ¯iƒc ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ��

�<��)�� s8��B�0�S �� {��/ �<��;�& ÔcÖ‡Z¨K gymwj‡gi Dc‡i Ávb A‡šlY Kiv dih|117

116. eyLvix nv/4953 117. Beby gvRvn nv/224; wgkKvZ nv/218, mb` nvmvb|

Øxwb Bj g AR©‡ bi cÖwZ Avj −vn&i Dr mvn c Ö vb : gvbyl Bjg AR©b Ki‡e, †m Abyhvqx Avgj Ki‡e Ges wb‡R‡ì gv‡S Bjg cÖPvi Ki‡e GUvB Avj−vn&i `vex| Avi G Rb¨B Avj−vn ÁvbvR©‡bi cÖwZ DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb,

#�&�' �,#�/ �,��(�&�f�2�� '�0�[�(� �� M8�S#�/ #��S �0�[�$ �%�& {��/ �8��0�S �<�=�(�& s8�[�j#�� =�T�[�?� �� S �%B6C�� '�7��(� ��' �<�=�&�� I�� )�>�7 �<�=� �� <�=��)�� ,'�7��-�B.

ÔmyZivs Ggb †Kb nq bv †h, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU eo `j n‡Z GK GKwU †QvU `j †ei n‡e, hv‡Z Zviv Øxwb Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi hv‡Z Zviv wbR KIg‡K fq cÖ k©b Ki‡Z cv‡i hLb Zviv I‡ì wbKU cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i, †hb Zviv mZK© nqÕ (ZIev 9/122)|

gvbyl AÁ-g~L© n‡q c„w_ex‡Z Av‡m| Avj−vn e‡jb, �<�� ,#�;�$�P�� #�& �<�� <��)�B ÔAvwg gvbyl‡K wk¶v w`‡qwQ, hv †m RvbZ

bvÕ (ÔAvjvK¡ 96/5)| Bjg ev Ávb Øviv fvj-g›` wbY©q Kiv hvq| Gi Øviv Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZ‡iva I b¨vq cÖwZôv m¤¢e| myZivs Avj−vn hvi g½j Pvb Ges hvi Øviv n‡K¡i ev —evqb m¤¢e Zv‡KB gnvg~jëvb Ávb `vb K‡i _v‡Kb| †h‡nZz Áv‡bi gvwjK Avj−vn, ZvB GB Ávb Avj−vn hv‡K Pvb Zv‡K `vb K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, ��+�f�B �8�2�9�-�� %�& �W#�1�B �%�&�' �G�f�B �8�2�9�-��

�C�T�S ��+'�� r0� �a �r �u�/ #�&�' �0�/��B #�� '�� X#��Y�� ÔwZwb hv‡K B”Qv wnKgZ `vb K‡ib Ges hv‡K wnKgZ `vb Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖf~Z Kj¨vY `vb Kiv nq Ges †Kej †evakw³m¤úbœ †jv‡KivB wk¶v MÖnY K‡iÕ (evK¡vivn 2/269)| G m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �%�& ��0�B �� " �r0� �a ��={T�[�B ��S �%B6C�� ÔAvj−vn hvi Kj¨vY Pvb Zv‡K Øx‡bi Ávb `vb K‡ibÕ|118 Ávbx I g~L ©‡ ì g‡ a¨ cÖv_ ©K¨ : Bjg Avj−vn cÖ Ë GK Adziš— †bÕgZ| hv Ávbx I g~L©‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, �� ?�;�B

�%B�� ,��2��)�B �%B��' #�� ,��2��)�B Ôejyb! hviv Rv‡b Ges hviv Rv‡b bv Zvi wK mgvb?Õ (hygvi 39/9)| wZwb Ab¨Î e‡jb,

�� ?�;�B ��2��Y�� !��' � �� ?�;�+ �G#�2��d:�� 7�F(��' Ôejyb! AÜ I P¶z®§vb wK mgvb n‡Z cv‡i? Av‡jv I AÜKvi wK GK n‡Z cv‡i?Õ (ivÔ` 13/16)| gnvb Avj−vn m¤ú‡K© hviv mwVK aviYv iv‡L Ges Zvi kviC wewa-weavb cwic~Y©fv‡e Rv‡b Ges †g‡b P‡j ZvivB cÖK…Z Ávbx| Avj−vn e‡jb, #�2*$�� 1�h�B �� %�& ��#�� W#�2��)�� ÔAvj−vn&i ev›`v‡ì g‡a¨ g~jZt Av‡jgivB Zuv‡K fq K‡iÕ (dvwZi

118. eyLvix nv/71

-Avmv`yj −vn Avj -M vwj e

Bj‡gi ¸i “ Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ag© I mgv R


23

35/28)| Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb, �C�=�N �� *$�� #�� #�� 8�9�j#��2��' ��'��' �<��)�� #r2�j#�� ;�T��#�" #�� #�� KB�K�)�� < �9�-�� ÔAvj−vn

mv¶¨ cÖ vb K‡ib †h, wbðqB wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kvb mZ¨ gvÔey †bB Ges †d‡ikZvMY I b¨vqwbô weØvbMY (mv¶¨ cÖ vb K‡ib)| wZwb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb mZ¨ gvÔey †bB| wZwb civµgkvjx I cÖÁvgqÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/18)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �,��h��*0��' ��S �<��)�� ,��T�B #*(�&H ��" ±��/ �%�& �C�(�� #�(6"�7 #�&�'

�0�/��B #�� '�� X#��Y�� Ôc¶vš—‡i hviv Ávb I we`¨vq AwfÁ Zviv e‡j, Avgiv Dnvi cÖwZ Cgvb G‡bwQ, meB Avgv‡ì i‡ei Zid †_‡K G‡m‡Q| mZ¨ K_v GB †h, †Kvb wRwbm n‡Z cÖK…Z wk¶v †Kej Ávb-eyw× m¤úbœ †jv‡KivB MÖnY K‡iÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/7)| Av‡ j gM Y bex‡ ì DËivwaKvix : i³ m¤úK© wKsev êevwnK m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³i IqvwiQ nIqv hvq| wKš‘ Bjg Ggb GKwU g~jëvb m¤ú`, †h e¨w³ Zv AR©b Ki‡e Avj−vn Zv‡K bex‡ì IqvwiQ ev DËivwaKvix evbv‡eb| myZivs Avj−vn m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYvm¤úbœ e¨w³iv g~jZt bex‡ì DËivwaKvix| Avi DËivwaKvi ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv hvq| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb,

�,�� VW#�2��)�� <� �8�q�7�' �W#� ��$Vn� �,�� VW#� ��$Vn� �<�� q67��B �r7#�(B�� E�' #r2��7�� #�2*$�� q*7�' �<��)�� %�2�S ��a�� a�� ²³�-�" �0�S��'.

ÔAv‡jgivB bexM‡Yi DËivwaKvix| bexMY `xbvi ev wìnv‡gi DËiwaKvix K‡ib bv| eis Zviv Bj‡gi DËivwaKvix K‡ib| d‡j †h e¨w³ Zv MÖnY Kij †m e„n`vsk MÖnY Kij|119 AZGe Øxwb Bjg AR©b Ki‡j bex‡ì DËivwaKvix nIqv hvq| Bj g AR©‡ bi gh©v`v :

Bjg AR©‡bi ghv© v AZ¨waK| G m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn e‡jb, �U�S�0�B �� %B�� (�&H �<�9�(�& �%B��' �+'�� <��)�� G#�>�7�� ' #�2�" �,��2�)�+

o ��a Ô†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q Ges Avj−vn hv‡ì‡K Ávb `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K D”P gh©v`vq DbœxZ Ki‡eb| †Zvgiv hv Ki Avj−vn †m m¤ú‡K© c~Y© AewnZÕ (gyRv`vjvn 58/11)| Bjg AR©‡bi gh©v`v m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�%�� "�� 0�B�0� �R#�� R#�� R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' �%�& �5�� #MTB�0�� c�2�?��B �� S #r2�� *=�� #MTB�0�� 8*(�Z��.

Avey ûivqiv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨w³ Bjg nvwQj Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ c_ Pj‡e Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Zi c_ myMg K‡i w`‡eb|120 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, 119. Beby gvRvn nv/223; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/6297, mb` Qnxn| 120. wZiwghx nv/2646; Bÿby gvRvn nv/223; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/6298, mb` Qnxn|

�%�� "�� 8�&#�&�� 6��#�� R#�� 0�/�I �R��0�� Q _� � �� <��' �,�v�>�7 #�2��C�@�� oC�"#�� 0�a¬��' o<��#�� R#�T�S �R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' ��S �<��#�)�� C�"#�) ��[�/ �� <�/#�$�� *<�q �R#�� R��7 �� Q _� � �� <��' �,�� ?�9�j�v�&�' ��' �G��2*;�� b�7Vn��' �*?�@ �8��2*(�� S #��0�-�> �*?�@�' �G��-�� ,�d��!� �� <{��)�& �]#*(�� 0� �h��.

Avey Dgvgv Avj-evwnjx (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mvg‡b `yÕRb †jv‡Ki K_v D‡j−L Kiv nj| hv‡ì GKRb Av‡jg AciRb Av‡e`| ZLb wZwb e‡jb, Av‡j‡gi gh©v`v Av‡e‡ì Dci| †hgb Avgvi gh©v`v †Zvgv‡ì mvavi‡Yi Dci| Zvici ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, wbðqB Zvi cÖwZ Avj−vn ingZ K‡ib Ges Zvi †d‡ikZvgÊjx, Avmgvb-hgx‡bi Awaevmx, wcwcwjKv Zvi M‡Z© †_‡K Ges GgbwK gvQI Kj¨v‡Yi wk¶v `vbKvixi Rb¨ †`vÔAv K‡ib|121

�%�� 8�1�j#�� #�=*$�� J��#�� J�)�2�� R��7 �_� ��Q �� <��' �R��T�B �,�� V_� *K�� >�' ��@�'�� *�� *$�� %�& �5�� #M9��;�& ��S ��O�� <O��)��

�J��*=�� B�0�� 8*(�Z�� %�&�' �J�� ?��0�/ ��?��q #�2�=� �� 8*(�Z�� oC�!��' ��S �<�� o0� �a �%�& ��S ��S ��#��.

Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, wZwb e‡jb, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Avgvi wbKU Awn †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb GB g‡g©, †h e¨w³ Bjg nvwQ‡ji j‡¶¨ †Kvb c_ MÖnY Ki‡e, Zvi Rb¨ Avwg Rvbœv‡Zi c_ mnR K‡i †è Ges hvi `yÕP¶z Avwg AÜ K‡iwQ Zvi e`‡j Avwg RvbœvZ `vb Kie| Avi Bev`Z AwaK Kivi Zzjbvq AwaK Bjg AR©b Kiv DËg|122 Ab¨Î ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb,

�%�& �5�� #MTB�0�� l�B �� S #r2�� 5�� " #MTB�0�� %�& �i�0�� 8*(�Z�� '�,�� 8�9�j�v�2�� U��?�� #�=�?�-�(�>�� #rA�7 ��#�l�� <��)�� ,��' �<��#�)�� 0�[�\�?�;� �� %�& ��S �G��2*;�� %�&�' ��S �b�7Vn� �,#�? �-��' ��S ��> �W#�2�� .

Ô†h e¨w³ Bjg AR©b Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb c_ Aej¤b K‡i Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Dnv Øviv Zv‡K Rvbœv‡Zi †Kvb GKwU c‡_ †cuŠ‡Q †`b Ges †d‡ikZvMY Bjg A‡šlYKixi Dci Lywk n‡q wb‡R‡ì Wvbv wewQ‡q †`b| GQvov Av‡jg‡ì Rb¨ Avmgvb I hgx‡bi mKj Awaevmx Avj−vn&i wbKU †`vÔAv I cÖv_©bv K‡i| GgbwK cvwbi g‡a¨ emevmKvix gvQI (Zv‡ì Rb¨ †`vÔAv K‡i)Õ|123 Ávbx‡ ì Rb¨ KiYxq : Ávbx‡ì Rb¨ Aek¨B KiYxq nj Rvbv welq¸‡jv gvby‡li wbKU cÖPvi Kiv| †hgb Avj−vn Zuvi bex‡ì wbKU Awn †cÖi‡Yi ci Zv gvbyl‡ì wbKU cÖPv‡ii wb‡ ©k †`b| Avj−vn e‡jb, #�B #�=FB�� R��*0�� {��" #�& �R�K�$�� 5� �� %�& �56"�7 �,��' �<�� )�[�+ #�2�S 121. wZiwghx nv/2685; wgkKvZ nv/213, mb` nvmvb| 122. wgkKvZ nv/255; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/1727, mb` Qnxn| 123. Avey vE` nv/3641; wgkKvZ nv/212; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/6297, mb` Qnxn|


24

�J�\��" ��?��#��7 Ô†n ivm~j! †cuŠ‡Q w`b Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K Avcbvi cÖwZ hv AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi hw` Avcwb Giƒc bv K‡ib Z‡e Avcwb Zuvi cqMvg †cuŠQv‡jb bvÕ (gv‡q`v 5/67)| G m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ��\{��" �6(�� ' M8�BH ÔAvgvi c¶ n‡Z gvbyl‡ì wbK‡U †cuŠ‡Q `vI, hw` GKwU AvqvZI nqÕ|124 c¶vš—‡i Av‡jgiv Øxb cÖPv‡i Ae‡njv Ki‡j wKsev weiZ _vK‡j Ae ’v n‡e AZ¨š— fqven| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

��% ��&#�8 �"�% �e�B�C ��R# ��R# �7��R �_� �Q�� _� �� '��< �W#�Z�B ��>*0�#�" � ��B �8�&#� �T�� T�� S ��S �7#*(�� C�(�?�S ��" ��"#�?�� 7'�C� �S #�=�" ��S �7#*(�� #�2�/ �7'�C�B �7#�2�-�� #�@�0�" �� l� �S ��" �� 7#*(�� T� �S�,�� #�B �,�v�S #�& �5�� #�& �5�"#�Q�� <�� %�9�+ #�$�0�&�Y�+ ��'�0�)�2��#�" #�$#�=�(�+�' �%�� 0�9�(�2��

�R#�T�S �J�(�/ �<�/�0�&H ��'�0�)�2��#�" �E�' �� +H �<�/#�=�$��' �%�� 0�9�(�2�� +H�'. Imvgv Beby hv‡q` (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, GK e¨w³‡K wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b wb‡q Avmv n‡e| Zvici Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e| G‡Z K‡i Zvi bvwofzuwo †ei n‡q hv‡e| Avi †m Zv wb‡q Nyi‡Z _vK‡e †hgbfv‡e Mvav AvUv wclv RuvZvi mv‡_ Nyi‡Z _v‡K| Rvnvbœvgxiv Zvi wbKU GKwÎZ n‡q Zv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡e, Avcwb wK Avgv‡ì fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k Ges g›` Kv‡Ri wb‡la Ki‡Zb bv? †m ej‡e, nu v| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k KiZvg, wKš‘ wb‡R KiZvg bv| Avi Lvivc Kv‡Ri wb‡la KiZvg wKš‘ wb‡RB Zv KiZvg|125 AZGe Avgjwenxb Bjg wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b eo kvw —i KviY n‡e| Aviex cÖev‡` i‡q‡Q, 0´ v" �0Z1/ �2� v" �>7 ÔAvgjwenxb e¨w³ djwenxb e„‡¶i b¨vqÕ| R‰bK Aviex Kwe e‡jb,

�T?�� ,'� %& �0N <�)�� ,#/ �� *c �"� _� ��a �0N� ,#9� Ôhw` ZvK¡Iqvwenxb Bj‡gi †Kvb gh©v`v _vKZ, Z‡e Bejxm Avj−vn&i m„wóKz‡ji †miv e‡j MY¨ nZ|126 Bj g cÖP v‡ i mZK©xKiY : Øxwb Bjg cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î me©vwaK mZK©Zv Aej¤b Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU welq Dc ’vc‡bi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h, welqwU KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn Abyhvqx, bv cwicš’x| †Kvb gbMov K_v Dc ’vcb Kiv hv‡e bv| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi bv‡g †Kvb K_v e„w× Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv wZwb ûuwkqvix cÖ vb K‡i e‡jb, �%�& �X��/ *�� rC62�)�?�& ��*��?� ��S ��C�)�T�& �%�& 7#*(�� Ô†h e¨w³ Avgvi Dci B”QvK…Zfv‡e wg_¨v‡ivc K‡i †m †hb Zvi wVKvbv Rvnvbœv‡g K‡i †bq|127 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb, �%�& ��*C�@

�6(�� B�C�-�" ~�0�B ��*$�� oX��/ ��=�S �C�@�� .�"�I#�9�� Ô†h e¨w³ Avgvi

124. eyLvix nv/3461; wZiwghx nv/2669| 125. eyLvix nv/3267; wgkKvZ nv/5139| 126. bex‡ì Kvwnbx, 1/13 c„t| 127. eyLvix nv/3461

c¶ n‡Z Giƒc K_v e‡j, hv †m g‡b K‡i †h, †mUv AmZ¨| †m wg_¨vev`x‡ì Aš—fy³©|128 Bj g cÖP v‡ i †j ŠwKKZvi Kzd j : Bjg cÖPvi n‡e GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i D‡Ï‡k¨| G‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi †jŠwKKZv _vK‡e bv| hw` wbqZ wVK _v‡K Zvn‡jB Bjg cÖPv‡i †bKx cvIqv hv‡e| wbqZ m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb

#�2*$�� R#�2��Vn� �G#* 6(�#�" Ôwbq‡Zi Dci mKj KvR wbf©ikxjÕ|129 Av‡iv KwVb welq nÕj †Kvb welq Rvbvi ci cÖPv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgj Ki‡Z n‡e| b‡Pr wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V Zv wec`RbK n‡q uvov‡e| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

s��>�7�' �<��)�+ �<��)�� VW��0��' �,H�0�T�� +�Y�S ��" ��S*0�)�S ¦��2�)�$ �R#�T�S :#�& �J��2�� #�= �S � �R#�� :�J�2��)�+ �<��)�� G��0��' �,H�0�T�� ?�2��' ¦�5 �S �R#�� :¦�J�"��/ #�2*$�� G��7�� ,�� R#�T�B :s,#��S o<��#�� s,#��S�' o°�7#�� C�T�S ¦�� 0�&�Y�S

��" ��-�;�S �� =�>�' �*?�@ ��T�� S �7#*(��

Ô†h e¨w³ Bjg wk‡L‡Q Ges Aci‡K wk¶v w`‡q‡Q Ges Kz&iAvb cvV KiZ, wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V Zv‡K Dcw ’Z Kiv n‡e| Avj−vn cÖ_‡g Zv‡K wbR cÖ Ë †bÔg‡Zi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡eb Avi ZviI ¯§iY n‡e| ZLb Avj−vn Zv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡eb, GB mKj †bÔg‡Zi K…ZÁZv ¯iƒc Zzwg Kx K‡iQ? †m ej‡e, Avwg Bjg wk‡LwQ Ges Aci‡K wk¶v w`‡qwQ| ZLb Avj−vn ej‡eb, Zywg wg_¨v ejQ| eis Zzwg Bjg wk‡LQ I Aci‡K wk¶v w`‡qQ G D‡Ï‡k¨ †h, †Zvgv‡K Av‡jg ejv n‡e| Avi KziAvb †Z‡jvqvZ K‡iQ G D‡Ï‡k¨ †h, †Zvgv‡K K¡vix ejv n‡e| Avi †Zvgv‡K Zv ejvI n‡q‡Q| Zvici Zvi e¨vcv‡i wb‡ ©k †Ìqv n‡e| AZtci Zv‡K gy‡Li Dci fi K‡i †U‡b Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e|130 Bj g wb‡ q AnsKvi Kivi c wiYvg :

Avj−vn ZvÔAvj m‡e©v”P Áv‡bi AwaKvix| wZwb e‡jb, �,�� oKB�K�� o< �9�@ ÔwbðqB Avj−vn civµgkvjx I cÖÁvgqÕ (jyKgvb

31/27)| Avi wZwb gvbyl‡K AwZ AíB Ávb `vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, #�&�' �<�? �+'�� %�& �<��)�� #�� #M� �� Ô†Zvgv‡ì‡K mvgvb¨ ÁvbB `vb Kiv n‡q‡QÕ (ebx BmivCj 17/85)| Avj−vn&i Ávb m¤ú©‡K nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Avj−vn&i Áv‡bi cwimxgv m‡¤ú‡K© wLwRi (Avt) g~mv (Avt)-†K e‡jwQ‡jb, #�B ��& #�&

��T�$ ��2�� 5�2��' �%�& �<�� E�� 0�T�(�/ �� 7��[�!�)�� S �0�-�� Ô†n g~mv! Avgvi I †Zvgvi Áv‡bi ¯íZv Avj−vn&i Áv‡bi wbKU mgy‡`ªi g‡a¨ GB Po–B‡qi †Vuv‡Ui GK †dvUv cvwbi mgvb|131

128. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/199 129. eyLvix nv/1, 5070 130. gymwjg nv/5032; nv‡Kg nv/2524; wgkKvZ nv/205 131. eyLvix nv/74,78


25

g~mv (Avt) GK`v ebx BmivCj‡ì g‡a¨ e³…Zv w`‡Z ùvov‡jb| ZLb Zv‡K wR‡Ám Kiv nj, me‡P‡q Ávbx †K? wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg me‡P‡q Ávbx| gnvb Avj−vn Zv‡K mZK© K‡i w`‡jb| AZtci Avj−vn Zuvi wbK‡U Anx †cÖiY Ki‡jb| yB mgy‡ ªi msMg ’‡j Avgvi ev›`v‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb ev›`v i‡q‡Q, †h †Zvgvi †P‡q AwaK Ávbx|132 AnsKv‡ii fqven cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn e‡jb, �,�� #��

F��-�B �%�& �,#�/ #M�#�?�h�& �r7��h�S ÔwbðqB Avj−vn `vw¤¢K AvZ¥AnsKvix‡K cm›` K‡ib bvÕ (wbmv 4/36)| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �E ��a�C�B �8*(�Z�� ¶�*��Z�� E�' F~�0�:�)�Z�� ÔAnsKvix I AnsKv‡ii wg_¨vfvbKvix e¨w³ Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e bvÕ|133 myZivs Bj‡gi AnsKvi bv K‡i Gi cwimxgv Avj−vn&i w`‡K †mvc © KivB DËg| Bj g cÖP v‡ i K…c YZv Kiv I † M vc b Kivi kvw — : Bjg cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î K…cYZv Kiv evÂbxq bq| †Kbbv †Kvb e¨w³ hw` Zvi Aci †Kvb fvB‡K Kj¨vYKi †Kvb welq wk¶v †`q AZtci †m Abyhvqx hw` †m Avgj K‡i Zvn‡j AvgjKvixi b¨vq †mI Abyiƒc †bKx cv‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �%�& �<�� #r2�� S �0�>�� %�& ��2�� " �E ��T�(�B �%�& �0�>�� &#�)�� Ô†h e¨w³ KvD‡K Øxwb Bjg wk¶v w`‡e †m H e¨w³i b¨vq QvIqve cv‡e, †h Zvi Dci Avgj Kij| wKš‘ AvgjKvixi †bKx †_‡K GZUyKzI Kgv‡bv n‡e bv|134 ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h, Bjg †Mvcb Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kvb e¨w³ hw` Bjg †Mvcb K‡i, Zvi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb �%�& ��m�� %�� <�� 2�� *<�q ��2�?�/ �<�Z�� B �8�&#� �T�� #�Z��" �%�& �7#�$ Ô†Kvb e¨w³‡K Zvi Rvbv wel‡q wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j Zv hw` †m †Mvcb K‡i Zv‡K wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V Av¸‡bi †ewo civ‡bv n‡e|135 QvnvexMY nv`xQ †Mvcb Kiv‡K AZ¨vwaK fq Ki‡Zb| GK`v gyÔAvh (ivt) ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mIqvixi mv‡_ wQ‡jb| ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K †W‡K ej‡jb, †h e¨w³ Aš—i †_‡K mv¶¨ w`‡e †h, Avj−vn Qvov †Kvb gvÔey †bB Zvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœvg nvivg n‡q hv‡e| ZLb gyÔAvh (ivt) gvbyl‡ì gv‡S GB Dw³wU cÖKvk Ki‡Z PvB‡j ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K wb‡la Ki‡jb| G Rb¨ †h, gvbyl GB ev‡Kï Dci wbf©ikxj n‡e| wKš‘ gyÔAvh (ivt) g„Zy i c~‡e© ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi nv`xQwU †Mvcb nIqvi f‡q eY©bv K‡iwQ‡jb|136 Avj −vn&i wbKU Dc Kvix Bj ‡ gi c Öv_ ©bv Kiv : Avj−vn&i wbKU Bjgmn hveZxq Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn&i wbKU PvIqvi gva¨‡g Bjg AwR©Z n‡j Zv 132. eyLvix nv/74, 122 133. Avey vD` nv/4801, mb` Qnxn| 134. Beby gvRvn nv/240; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/6396, mb` nvmvb| 135. wZiwghx nv/2649; wgkKvZ nv/223, mb` Qnxn| 136. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/45

w`‡q ywbqv I AvwLivZ DfqB AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| Avi hw` bv PvIqv‡ZB Bjg Av‡m, Zv w`‡q `ywbqv m¤¢e AvwLivZ KLbB AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| Avj−vn e‡jb, �%�& �R��T�B #�(*"�7 #�(�+H ��S #� �$FC��

#�&�' �� S ��0�a·�� %�& �i#��a ÔA‡b‡K e‡j, †n Avgv‡ì ie! Avgv‡ì‡K `ywbqv‡Z `vb Ki| A_P Zvi Rb¨ ciKv‡ji †Kvb Ask †bBÕ (evK¡vivn 2/200)|

Avi GR¨B bex ivm~jMY GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i wbK‡UB PvB‡Zb| †hgb Beivnxg (Av)-Gi cÖv_©bv K‡i e‡jb, 6X�7 ��

#r2�9�@ ��(�T�-��' �.�-��#*!�#�" Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K cÖÁv `vb Ki Ges Avgv‡K mrKg©kxj‡ì Aš—f©y³ KiÕ (ïÔAviv 26/83)| Abyiƒc gymv (Avt) Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡iwQ‡jb| Avj−vn e‡jb, 6X�7 � �0�N� �� 7�C�Q� �06;�B�' ��

��0�&�� @��'�� M��C�T�� %�& ��$#�;�� =�T�[�B �� Ô†n Avgvi cvjbKZ©v! Avgvi e¶‡K cÖk — K‡i `vI, Avgvi KvR‡K mnR K‡i `vI Ges Avgvi wRnŸv †_‡K RoZv `~i K‡i `vI, hv‡Z Zviv Avgvi K_v eyS‡Z cv‡iÕ (Z¡nv 20/25-28)| Avi GiB avivevwnKZvq ivm~j (Qvt) Avj−vn&i wbKU DcKvix Bj‡gi cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zb| nv`x‡Qi fvlvq ivm~j (Qvt) cÖwZ dRi Qvjv‡Zi ci cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zb G e‡j †h , *<�=�� 6$��

�5��Y�� #r2�� #r)�S#�$ #M��e�7�' #r�6 �� Mv�2��' Mv*��T�?�& Ô†n Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU DcKvix Ávb, Keyj‡hvM¨ Avgj I cweÎ iƒhx cªv_©bv KiwQÕ|137 myZivs Avgv‡ì mK‡jiB DwPZ GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i wbKUB mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv| wk¶ v_ ©x‡ ì Rb¨ KiYxq : wk¶v_©x‡K Aek¨B Aa¨q‡b gb‡hvMx nÕ‡Z n‡e Ges i“wUb gvwdK Pj‡Z n‡e| kix‡ii cÖwZ hZœevb n‡Z n‡e| Rvgv-Kvco, †eWmxU, covi †Uwej BZ¨vw` cwi®‹vi I †MvQv‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Qv‡Îi ¯§„wZ n«vm †c‡j Zvi Rb¨ AZxe hiƒix welq nÕj ¯xq g›` K…ZK‡g©i Rb¨ Avj−vn&i wbK‡U ZIev Kiv| G wel‡q Bgvg kv‡dCi NUbv Ab¯xKvh©| Bgvg kv‡dC Zvi gyL ’ bv nIqvi e¨vcv‡i ¯xq wk¶K‡K e‡jwQ‡jb,

G�9N 4� U /' W�� :[@ �¹CN7YS 4� L0+ �Q#)¢�

ÔAvwg Awf‡hvM Kijvg IqvKxi (Bgvg kv‡dCi wk¶K) wbK‡U Avgvi gyL ’ bv nIqvi e¨vcv‡i, wZwb Avgv‡K Dc‡`k w`‡q e‡jb, cvc KvR †Q‡o `vI|138 wk¶v_©xiv wk¶Ke„›`‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡e, hv †m eyS‡Z cvi‡e bv| Giƒc KvR Avgiv ivm~j (Qvt) Ges wReixj (Avt)-Gi ga¨Kvi cÖkœ-DË‡ii gva¨‡g wk¶v wb‡Z cvwi| ZvQvov Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ��Y��#�S �� 0�/{�� ,�� <�?�(�/ #�� ,��2��)�+ 137. Avngv` Be‡b gvRvn,Zvevivbx,wgkKvZ nv/2498 138. dvZvI‡q Bmjvg mvIqvj RIqve, 1g LÊ c„ôv 3230


26

ÔAZGe †Zvgiv hw` bv Rvb, Z‡e Avn‡j whK‡ii wbKU †_‡K †R‡b bvIÕ (bvnj 16/43; Avw¤qv 21/7)|

wk¶ v_ ©x‡ ì eR©bxq welq mg~n : wk¶K‡ì Aeva¨ nIqv, Zv‡ì mvg‡b D”P m¦‡i K_v ejv I iƒp AvPiY Kiv, eo‡ì Am¤§vb, †QvU‡ì mv‡_ Lvivc eënvi, mncvVx‡ì Kó †Ìqv, Pzwi-WvKvwZ-wQbZB-†UÛvievwRmn hveZxq Ab¨vq KvR eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| AcPq-Ace¨q †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| †mUv mgq, UvKv-cqmv ev †h †Kvb wel‡q n‡Z cv‡i| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

#��' �7{��+ �r0B��+��,�� %B�7{��2�� $#�/ �,��a�� .��#� *1�� ÔwKQz‡ZB Ace¨q Ki bv| wbðqB Ace¨qKvix kqZv‡bi fvBÕ (ebx BmivCj 17/26-27)| Amrm½ Z¨vM Ges mrm½ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv‡Z `ywbqv‡Z g½j Ges Av‡Liv‡Z Avi‡ki Qvqvq Avkªq cvIqv hv‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �,�v�>�7�' #*"#�-�+ ��S ��

#�)�2�?�>� �� #��*0�[�+�' �� Ô yÕRb e¨w³, hviv ci¯úi fvjev‡m Avj−vn&i Rb¨ Ges GKwÎZ nq Avj−vn&i Rb¨ Ges c„_K nq Avj−vn&i Rb¨B|139 Bj g Ašl‡ Y wnsmv : wnsmv Kiv gnvcvc| wnsmv Kivi cwiYwZ fqven| G m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �<�/#*B�� C�;�-��' �,�P�S �C�;�-�� /�Y�B �G#�(�;�-��

#�2�/ ��/�Y�+ �7#*(�� l�-�� Ô†Zvgiv wnsmv †_‡K †eu‡P _vK| †Kbbv wnsmv gvby‡li c~Y© Avgj¸‡jv webó K‡i †hgb Av¸b KvV‡K fw®§f~Z K‡i|140 Bjg A‡šl‡Yi †¶‡Î wnsmv Kiv Rv‡qh| †Kbbv ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �E �C�;�@ �E�� S �%� �?�(�q� s��>�7

��#�+H �� ME#�& ��{��;�S �� ?�9�� S 6��-�� s��>�7�' ��#�+H �� 8�2�9�-�� =�S ��T�B #�=�" #�=�2{��)�B�' Ô†Kej `yÕwU wel‡q wnsmv Kiv hvq|

GK. †mB e¨w³i Dci, hv‡K Avj−vn m¤ú` w`‡q‡Qb AZtci Zv êa cš’vq AKvZ‡i e¨q Kivi ¶gZv w`‡q‡Qb| yB. †m e¨w³i Dci, hv‡K Avj−vn cÖÁv `vb K‡i‡Qb AZtci †m Zvi gva¨‡g wePvi dvqQvjv Ges Ab¨‡K wk¶v †`q|141 wK¡qvg‡ Zi c ~e©gyn~‡ Z© wk¶ vi Ae ’v :

wK¡qvg‡Zi cÖv°v‡j ywbqvex wk¶v e„w× cv‡e Ges Øxwb wk¶v †jvc cv‡e| gvby‡li gv‡S `v½v-nv½vgv, wek„•Ljv †e‡o hv‡e| G m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �,�� E �p��T�B �<��)��

#r��K�?�$� ¦ ��K�?�(�B �%�& ��#��)�� ¦ �%�9��' �p��T�B �<��)�� p��T�" �W#�2��)�� ¦ �*?�@ ��I�� <�� B #r2��#�� ¦ ��h*+� �]#*(�� #r�'�W�7 ME#*=�> ��m�;�S ¦ ��?�S�Y�S �0� �\�"

�<�� ¦ d��S�� d��A��'� ÔAvj−vn Zuvi ev›`v‡ì †_‡K Bjg wQwb‡q wb‡eb bv| eis Øx‡bi Av‡jg‡ì DwV‡q †bIqvi gva¨‡g

139. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkvKvZ nv/701 140. Avey vD`, wgkKvZ nv/5040 141. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkvKvZ nv/202

Bjg‡K DwV‡q wb‡eb| ZLb †Kvb Av‡jg Aewkô _vK‡e bv| hvi ì“b †jv‡Kiv g~L©‡ì‡KB †bZv evwb‡q wb‡e, Zv‡ì‡K wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j Zviv bv †R‡b drIqv cÖ vb Ki‡e| d‡j Zviv wb‡Riv c_åó n‡e Ges Ab¨‡ì‡KI c_åó Ki‡e|142 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb, �,�� %�& �w��0�N�� 8��#*;�� ,��

�U�S�0�B �<��)�� ¦ �J��u�B�' ��=�Z�� ¦ �X�0�1�B�' �0�2�h�� ¦ �0�=�:�B�' #�$6K�� ÔwK¡qvg‡Zi wKQz AvjvgZ nÕj, Bjg n«vm cv‡e, AÁZv cÖmviZv jvf Ki‡e, g` cv‡bi gvÎv e„w× cv‡e Ges †hbv-e¨wfPvi we —vi jvf Ki‡e|143 mywk¶ vi md j Zv :

†MvUv wek¦ AvR Akvwš—‡Z cywÄf~Z| GLvb †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi GKgvÎ nvwZqvi nÕj mywk¶v| †Kbbv mywk¶v AR©‡bi gva¨‡g `ywbqv‡Z †hgb gh©v`v e„w× cv‡e I mgv‡R kvwš— Avm‡e, †Zgwb Av‡Liv‡Zi cv‡_q AR©‡bi c_ myMg n‡e| g„Zz i ci gvby‡li Avgj eÜ n‡q hvq A_P Øxwb Bjg AR©b K‡i wk¶v w`‡j Zv Ke‡i †cuŠQv‡bvi Ab¨Zg GKwU gva¨g wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ nq| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb. ��I�� G#�&

�,#�;�$�� U�l�T�$� ��(�� 2�� E�� %�& �8�q�v�q �E�� %�& �8��C�Q �8�B�7#�> �'�� <�� U�[�?�(�B ��" �'�� C��' ��#�Q ��C�B �� ÔhLb gvbyl g„Zy eiY K‡i ZLb

Zvi mg — Avgj eÜ n‡q hvq| wKš‘ wZbwU Avgj e¨ZxZ| GB wZbwU Avgj nÕj, cÖengvb Qv`vK¡v, Ggb Bjg hv Øviv DcK…Z nIqv hvq Ges Ggb mymš—vb †h Zvi Rb¨ †`vÔAv K‡i|144

Dc msnvi :

eZ©gvb mgvR cÖK…Z wk¶v‡K fz‡j Kzwk¶vi w`‡K avcgvb| mš—vb wcZv-gvZv‡K, wcZv-gvZv mš—vb‡K, †QvU fvB eo fvB‡K, GK gymwjg Aci gymwjg‡K Acgvb-Ac` — Ki‡Z mvgvb¨ cwigvY wØav‡eva K‡i bv| gymwjgiv c„w_exi Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P cÖwZwU RvqMvq wbcxo‡bi wkKvi| c„w_ex‡Z Akvwš—i `vevbj `vD `vD K‡i R¡j‡Q| Gi cÖK…Z KviY cÖK…Z wk¶v‡K fz‡j hvIqv| ZvB eZ©gvb wk¶v eë ’vi mv‡_ hw` cÖK…Z wk¶v KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn&i Av‡jv‡K mgšq Kiv nq Zvn‡j Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ †MvUv c„w_ex‡Z kvwš— cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB Avmyb! Aåvš— m‡Zï P~ovš— Drm cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi wk¶v MÖnY K‡i ywbqv‡Z kvwš— cÖwZôv Kwi Ges Av‡Liv‡Zi cv‡_q mÂq Kwi| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì ZvIdxK¡ `vb Ki“b-Avgxb!

[ †jLK : `v Iiv ‡q n v`xQ , 1g el©; A v j- gv iK v hyj Bmjv gx A v m-mv jv dx , bI `v cv ov , iv Rkvn x]

142. eyLvix, nv/100 143. eyLvix, nv/81, 5231 144. gymwjg nv/1631


27

f~wgKv : eZ©gv‡b gymwjg mgvR wkiK we`ÔAv‡Zi mw`©‡Z fzM‡Q| m —v dhxj‡Zi †auvKvq c‡o gymwjg RvwZ AvR w`‡knviv| Zviv Luy‡R wdi‡Q m‡Zï mÜv‡b| †Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e mwVK c‡_i w`kv, †Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e mwZ¨Kv‡ii Av`k©? †Kbbv c„w_exi mKj gvbyl †Kvb bv †Kvb Av`‡k©i mv‡_ mshy³| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Av`k© †kL gywReyi ingvb, we.Gb.wcÕi Av`k© wRqvDi ivngvb, Kwgwb÷‡ì Av`k© gvI‡mZzs-†jwjb, RvgvqvZ BmjvgxÕi Av`k© gI`~ x, ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi Av`k© n‡”Qb gvIjvbv Bwjqvm! gvhvi, LvbKv I ZixKv c~Rvix gyix`‡ì Av`k© ¯ ¯ cxi-dKxi| hvi hvi †bZv-Avgxi‡ì Av`k© wb‡q Zviv Drdzj−! †Kv_vq Avgv‡ì ivm~j gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi Av`k©? Bmjvg Kv‡iv gbMov ag© I Rxeb eë ’v bq| GUv wek¦ cÖwZcvjK gnvb Avj−vn cÖ Ë c~Y©v½ Rxeb eë ’v| Avi G Øxb cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj bex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi gva¨‡g| GB Øxb Z_v Bmjv‡gi g~j `k©b nj ZvInx‡ì cÖPvi I cÖwZôv `vb| gvbe mgv‡R Avj−vni Øx‡bi evZ©v Qwo‡q †`qvi Rb¨ KziAvb I nv`x‡Q gymwjg D¤§vn‡K eûevi w`‡`©k cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GgbwK hw` GKwU AvqvZI †KD Rv‡b, Zv cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨ ivm~j (Qvt) wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb|145 myZivs `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi KvR †_‡K Kv‡iv wcwQ‡q _vKvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| eZ©gv‡b †drbvi †h e¨vcK we —vi N‡U‡Q Ges mwVK Øxb cÖPvi‡Ki msL¨vI †h‡nZz LyeB Kg, †m Kvi‡Y Øx‡bi `vIqvZ cÖ vb Kiv GLb Ôdi‡h AvBbÕ n‡q c‡o‡Q| myZivs †KD hw` kviC Ihi e¨ZxZ ‰`bw›`b e¨ —Zvi ARynv‡Z ev AjmZvekZt ZvejxM ev Øx‡bi cÖPvi bv K‡i, Zvn‡j †m wbtm‡›`‡n †MvbvnMvi n‡e|146 Zvejx‡Mi Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq GKUv MÖ“c nj ZvejxM RvgvqvZ| GB RvgvqvZ wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q Av‡Q| GgbwK ïbv hvq †h, we‡k¦i †hLv‡b mwZ¨Kv‡ii gymwj‡gi cÖ‡ek wb‡la †mLv‡bI GB Rvgvqv‡Zi Aeva wePiY| GB RvgvÔAv‡Zi `vIqv‡Zi g~j Drm nj dvhv‡q‡j ÔAvgvj ev ZvejxMx wbQve| GB eBwU Avgv‡ì †`‡k Lye cwiwPZ| †`‡ki N‡i N‡i gmwR‡` gmwR‡` GB eB cvIqv hvq| Avi ZvejxMx fvB‡ì †¶‡Î †Zv †Kvb K_vq bvB| Zviv GB eB Qvov †Zv wKQzB ey‡S bv| GB eBwU wewfbœ fvlvq Abyev` n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Avð‡h©i welq nj, Aviex‡Z Abyev` nqwb| GgbwK gymwjg‡ì Zx_© ’vb mE`x Avi‡e GB RvgvqvZ‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| mg — we‡k¦ †hLv‡b GB RvgvqvZ I eB‡qi GZ m¤§vb, †mLv‡b KziAvb I mybœvni †`‡k GB RvgvÔAvZ I eB †Kb wbwl×? Zv nqZ meviB †eva‡Mvg¨ nIqvi K_v|

145. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/198| 146. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/5140, mb` nvmvb|

Zvej x‡ M i ¸i“Z¡ : ZvejxM gymwjg wgj−v‡Zi AwZ cwiwPZ GKwU kã| hvi A_© cÖPvi I cÖmvi| wK¡qvgZ ch©š— AvMZ mKj wek¦ gvbeZvi Øx‡bi `vIqvZ †cuŠQvevi †h ¸i“ `vwqZ¡ gynv¤§v` (Qvt) KZ©„K mKj D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`xi Dci Awc©Z n‡q‡Q, †mwU‡KB ZvejxM e‡j| g~jZt ivm~j (Qvt) wek¦ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Øx‡bi G `vIqvZ †cuŠQvevi I cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii gnvb `vwqZ¡ wb‡qB c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| †hgb AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi c~‡e© AMwYZ bex I ivm~j| ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ZvejxM Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv cweÎ KziAv‡b Bikv` K‡ib, †n ivm~j! Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K Avcbvi Dci hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q Zv Avcwb cÖPvi Ki“b| hw` Avcwb Zv bv K‡ib Zvn‡j Avcwb Avj−vn&i evZ©v cÖPvi Ki‡jb bv (gv‡q`v 67)| ivm~j (Qvt) n‡jb me©‡kl bex| Zvici c„w_ex‡Z Avi †Kvb bex Avm‡e bv| ZvB we`vq n‡¾i mgq ivm~j (Qvt) eRª K‡É †NvlYv, �j#\�� C#1�� S ÔDcw ’Z †jv‡Kiv †hb Øx‡bi G `vIqvZ Abycw ’Z †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qÕ| Gi gva¨‡g mg — D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`xB ZvejxM Z_v Øxb cÖPv‡ii e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡kxj n‡q hvq| ivm~j (Qvt) Bikv` K‡ib,

��\{��" �6(�� ' M8�BH ÔAvgvi c¶ †_‡K GKwU evYx n‡jI (gvby‡li wbKU) †cuŠ‡Q `vIÕ|147 Qvnvev‡q †Kivg ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi D³ wb‡ ©‡ki ev —evqb NwU‡q‡Qb h_vh_fv‡e| cieZ©x‡Z me©hy‡MB Ijvgv‡q D¤§vZ nv`x‡Qi mdj ev —evq‡bi Rb¨ Rxeb evRx †i‡L msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| D‡j−wLZ AvqvZ I nv`xQ QvovI AmsL¨ AvqvZ I nv`x‡Q ZvejxM Z_v Øxb cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii cÖwZ DØy× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Avcwb Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki w`‡K AvnŸvb Ki“b wnK¡gZ ev cÖÁv Øviv Ges my›ì Dc‡`k Øviv Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ DrK…óZi c×wZ‡Z weZK© Ki“bÕ (bvnj 125)| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Avi †hb †Zvg‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb GKwU `j nq, hviv Kj¨v‡Yi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Ki‡e, fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k w`‡e Ges g›` KvR †_‡K wb‡la Ki‡e| Avi ZvivB mdjKvgÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 104)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, Ô†ZvgivB †kÖô RvwZ, gvbeRvwZi (Kj¨v‡Yi) Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q| †Zvgiv b¨vqKv‡h© Av‡`k Ges Ab¨vq Kv‡h© wb‡la Ki Ges Avj−vn‡Z wek¦vm KiÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 110)| m~iv ZvIevi 71, 112 Avqv‡Z, m~iv n‡¾I 41 Avqv‡Z, m~iv jyKgv‡bi 17 Avqv‡Z I Ab¨vb¨ ’v‡bI D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Avj−vn&i cÖK…Z gywgb ev›`v‡ì Ab¨Zg êwkó nj, mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I AmrKv‡Ri wb‡la| G `vwqZ¡cvjbKvix gywgb‡KB m‡e©vËg e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q cweÎ KziAv‡b| Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, ÔH e¨w³ A‡c¶v K_vq †K DËg †h 147. eyLvix nv/3274, wZiwghx nv/2669 |

ZvejxM Rv gvq v Z I wek¦ BR‡Zgv : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY - Av Ki v g †n v mv Bb

wP š—v avi v


28

Avj−vn&i cÖwZ gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb K‡i, mrKg© K‡i Ges e‡j, Avwg †Zv gymwjg‡ì GKRbÕ (dzQ&wQjvZ 33)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ÔØxb nj bQxnZ| QvnvexMY ej‡jb, Kvi Rb¨? wZwb ej‡jb, Avj−vn&i Rb¨, Zuvi wKZv‡ei Rb¨, Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Rb¨, gymwjg †bZ„e‡M©i Rb¨ Ges mvaviY gymwjg‡ì Rb¨|148 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) G bQxn‡Zi Rb¨ QvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZÁv MÖnY Ki‡Zb| gyMxiv Beby ïÔev (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU evqÔAvZ K‡iwQ QvjvZ Kv‡qg, hvKvZ cÖ vb I cÖ‡Z¨K gymwj‡gi bQxnZ (Kj¨vY Kvgbv) Kivi Dci|149 G A‡_© wZwb mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I AmrKv‡Ri wb‡l‡ai evqÔAvZ MÖnY Ki‡Zb| D³ Av‡jvPbvq eySv †Mj †h, KziAvb I nv`x‡Q Zvejx‡Mi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| G †_‡K †KD weiZ _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| AZGe gymwjg gvÎB Øx‡b Bmjvg Kx? Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e Ges wb‡Ri evwo‡Z Zv cªPvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici Zv cÖPvi Ki‡Z n‡e wbR wbR MÖv‡g, kn‡i, cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Ab¨ †`‡kI| Z‡e cÖPwjZ Bwjqvmx ZvejxM bq| Zvej xM RvgvÔAv‡ Zi c ÖwZô vZvi c wiwP wZ : fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg mxgv‡š—i GKwU iv‡Rï eZ©gvb bvg nwiqvbv Ges mv‡eK bvg cvÄve| fvi‡Zi ivRavbx w`j−xi `w¶‡Y nwiqvbvi GKwU GjvKvi bvg †gIqvZ| hvi cwiwa w`j−xi mxgvš— †_‡K ivR ’vb iv‡Rï RqcyinvU †hjv ch©š— we —…Z| GB †gIqv‡Z 1303 wnRix‡Z GK nvbvdx e¨w³i Rb¥ nq| Zuvi bvg wQj AvLZvi Bjqvm| wKš‘ c‡i wZwb ïay Bjqvm bv‡g cwiwPZ nb| Bwb 1326 wnRix‡Z †Ìe›` gvìvmvi kvBLyj nv`xQ gvIjvbv gvngy yj nvmv‡bi Kv‡Q eyLvix I wZiwghxi `vim MÖnY K‡ib| Gi `yÕeQi c‡i 1328 wnRix‡Z wZwb mvnvivbcy‡ii gvhv-wni“j ÔDj~‡gi wk¶K nb| 1344 wnRix‡Z wZwb wØZxqev‡i n‡R¡ Mgb K‡ib| GB mgq g`xbvq _vKvKvjxb Ae ’vq wZwb (Mv‡qex) wb‡ ©k cvb †h, Avwg †Zvgvi Øviv KvR †be| d‡j 1345 wnRix‡Z wZwb †`‡k wd‡i G‡m †gIqv‡Zi GKwU MÖvg bI‡n ZvejxMx KvR ïi“ K‡ib| cwi‡k‡l 1363 wnRixi 21 iRe †gvZv‡eK 13 RyjvB 1944 L„óv‡ã wZwb B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|150 Bj vqvmx Zvej xM ebvg ivm~‡ j i Zvej xM : (K) Zviv wb‡Riv KziAvb ey‡S bv Ab¨‡ì‡KI eyS‡Z †`q bv| wKš‘ ivm~j (Qvt) wb‡R KziAvb wkwL‡q‡Qb Ges Zvi cÖPviKI wQ‡jb|

148. gymwjg nv/205| 149. eyLvix nv/57| 150. gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb ÔAvjx iwPZ gvIjvbv Bjqvm

ivngvZzj−vwn ÔAvjvBwn AvIi DbwK Øxbx `vÔIqvZ- 48, 57, 61, 193 c„ôv Ges ieevbx eyK wW‡cv cÖKvwkZ ZvejxMx wbmve-Gi f~wgKv c„ô ªóe¨|

(L) Zv‡ì `vIqvZx wbqg ¯‡cœ cÖvß|151 ivm~‡ji `vIqvZx wbqg ¯qs Avj−vn cÖ Ë (gv‡q`v 67)| (M) Zv‡ì `vIqv‡Zi g‡a¨ mßv‡n 1 w`b, gv‡m 3 w`b, eQ‡i 1 wPj−v, Kgc‡¶ Rxe‡b 3 wPj−v jvwM‡q Øxwb KvR wkL‡Z n‡e|152 c¶vš—‡i ivm~‡ji `vIqvZx KvR G¸‡jvi †Kvb Aw —Z¡ †bB| (N) Zv‡ì `vIqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi GKwU Acwinvh© weavb I Avj−vn&i wcÖq wRnv` †bB| wKš‘ ivm~‡ji `vIqv‡Z wRnv` GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask| (O) Zv‡ì `vIqv‡Z Kv‡di gykwiK‡ì †Kvb evav †bB| ivm~j (Qvt) hLb `vIqvZ w`‡Zb ZLb Kv‡di gykwiK evav w`Z| (P) Zv‡ì `vIqvZx KvR †kLvi g~j Drm nj Ôdvhv‡q‡j AvgvjÕ| KziAv‡bi †P‡qI Zviv dvhvwq‡j Avgvj-Gi ¸i“Z¡ †ekx †`q| A_P ivm~‡ji `vIqvZ †kLvi g~j Drm n‡”Q KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ| Avi KziAv‡bi gh©v`v n‡”Q mewKQzi D‡aŸ©| (Q) Zviv ivóªcÖavb ev ¶gZvkvjx‡ì wei“‡× †Kvb K_v e‡j bv hwÌ Zviv wkiK K‡i I Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× e‡j| ivm~j ZrKvjxb ivócÖavb I ¶gZvkvjx‡ì wei“‡× K_v e‡jwQ‡jb, wkiK I Bmjvg we‡ivax Kv‡R evav w`‡q‡Qb| (R) Zviv †Kvb `vIqvZx KvR Kivi mgq KziAvb nv`x‡Qi `jxj †ck K‡i bv, wb‡R‡ì gbMov K_v e‡j| ivm~j wb‡R †Kvb wKQy ejvi ev `vIqvZ †èvi Av‡M `jxj †ck Ki‡Zb| (S) Zviv †Kvb g‡ZB Kv‡iv mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z Pvq bv| ivm~j hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri uvZ‡K knx` K‡i‡Qb| (T) Zviv ïay `vIqvZ wKfv‡e w`‡e Zv †kLvq hwÌ Zv Bmjvgx c×wZ‡Z bq; Ab¨ †Kvb wKQz Zviv wkLvq bv| ivm~j Rxe‡bi cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© wK Ki‡Z n‡e, Kvi mv‡_ wKfv‡e Pj‡Z n‡e mewKQz wkwL‡q‡Qb| (U) Bwjqvmx ZvejxM eyhyM©‡ì mš‘wói Rb¨ Kiv nq|153 ivm~‡ji ZvejxM GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i mš‘wói Rb¨ (AvbÔAvg 16; evB‡qbv 5)| (V) Bwjqvmx Zvejx‡Mi Awjiv Mv‡qe Rv‡bb|154 A_P ivm~j (Qvt) Mv‡qe Rvb‡Zb bv (AvbÔAvg 50; ÔAvivd 188)| (W) Bwjqvm Qv‡n‡ei AvK¡x`vq ivm~j (Qvt) RxweZ|155 wKš‘ bex (Qvt) B‡š—Kvj K‡i‡Qb (hygvi 30)| (X) eyhyM©iv RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg `ywbqv‡Z †`‡Lb|156 RvbœvZ Ggb †h, bv †Kvb †PvL †`‡L‡Q, bv †Kvb Kvb ï‡b‡Q Ges bv †Kvb ü`q Kíbv K‡i‡Q|157

151. gvjd~hv‡Z gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Bwjqvm, c„t 51 | 152. gvjd‚hv‡Z gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Bwjqvm, c„t 51 | 153. dvhv‡q‡j Avgvj, f~wgKv, 1g c„ôv| 154. hvKvwiqv mvnvivbcyix, Abyev` : †gvnv¤§v` mvLvIvZ Dj−vn,

dvhv‡q‡j Qv`vKvZ, (ZvewjMx KzZzeLvbv 1426 wnRix) 2q LÛ, c„ôv : 27|

155. dvhv‡q‡j nv¾, c„t 130-131|


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(Y) Bwjqvmx Zvejx‡M eyhyM©‡ì g„Zz ‡K A¯xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|158 ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Zvejx‡Mi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g„Zz mZ¨ (Avj-Bgivb 185)| (Z) ch©‡e¶K †d‡ikZviv Avj−vn I ev›`vi †Mvcb whwKi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv|159 †d‡ikZvMY ch©‡e¶Y wnmv‡e i‡q‡Qb Ges Avgiv hv Kwi Zviv †m me Rv‡bb (BbwdZvi 10 I 12)| (_) Bwjqvmx Zvejx‡Mi †K›`ª ’j fi‡Zi wbhvgyÏxb gmwR‡ì wfZ‡i gvIjvbv Bwjqvm Qv‡ne I Zvi cy‡Îi Kei i‡q‡Q|160 bex (Qvt) Ke‡ii w`‡K QvjvZ co‡Z I Kei‡K cvKv wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|161 (`) gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Bwjqvm Qv‡n‡ei Bwš—Kv‡ji ci Avj−vn&i mv‡_ wg‡k †M‡Qb|162 bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡jb, Avj−vn&i mgZzj¨ †KD †bB, Zvi mv‡_ †KD wgk‡Z cv‡i bv (BLjvm 4; k~iv 11)|

wek¦ e‡ iY¨ Av‡ j g‡ ì „wó‡ Z Zvej xM RvgvZ I M Öš’mg~n : 1. mE`x Avi‡ei cÖavb gydZx I Bmjvgx M‡elYv I dvZvIqv Awa`ßi Gi gnvcwiPvjK Ges m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil‡ì cÖavb kvqL Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web evh (int) e‡jb, ZvejxMcš’x‡ì wbKU AvKx¡ v m¤ú‡K© ¯”Q aviYv †bB Ges Zv‡ì wbKU i‡q‡Q wKQz Kzms¯‹vi, we`ÔAvZ I wkiKx Kvh©µg| myZivs Zv‡ì mv‡_ †ei nIqv Rv‡qh bq| Zv‡ì wbKU Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì Av‡iv AwaK Bmjvgx kixÔAvn&i mwVK Áv‡bi cª‡qvRb Ges KziAvb I nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© weÁ Av‡j‡gi cÖ‡qvRb, hv‡Z Zviv Zv‡ì‡K ZvInx` I mybœvn&i Áv‡b Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡eb|163 2. mE`x Avi‡ei m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil‡ì m`m¨ Ges RvZxq dvZvIqv †ev‡W©i ’vqx m`m¨ gynv¤§v` web mv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb (int) e‡jb, Bwjqvmx ZvejxM RvgvqvZ cš’x‡ì Aby‡iva KiwQ, Zviv †hb Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡ib Ges ivm~j (Qvt) †_‡K cÖgvwYZ Avgj Abyhvqx Avgj K‡ib| GUvB Zv‡ì Rb¨ DËg Ges cÖwZdjI fvj n‡e Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Zv‡ì evbv‡bv Qq DQ~j‡K wb‡Ri Pjvi Rb¨ g~jwfwË wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Zviv †hb GB wPš—vaviv cwieZ©b K‡i Qnxn nv`x‡Qi w`‡K †hb wd‡i hvq| Zviv hv Ki‡Q Zv kixÔAvZ m¤§Z bq| Zv‡ì mn †Kvb gvby‡li Rb¨ 156. kvqLyj nv`xQ gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` hvKvwiqv Qv‡ne KvÜjfx

(int); Abyev` : gydZx gynv¤§v` DevB yj−vn, dvhv‡q‡j whwKi, (`vi“j wKZve : evsjvevRvi, XvKv; A‡±vei, 2001 Bs), c„t 135|

157. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/5612| 158. dvhv‡q‡j Qv`vKvZ 2/27| 159. dvhv‡q‡j whwKi, c„t 70| 160. AvKdvZzb gvA RvgvqvwZZ ZvejxM, c„t 59| 161. gymwjg, wgkKvZ-142| 162. gvjd~hv‡Z gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Bwjqvm, †kl c„ôv| 163. ZvwiL: 6/12/1416 wnRix, g°v, dvZvIqv I wPwVcÎ

wefvM, MÖvÛ gydZx kvqL Avãyj Avhxh web evh, mE`x Avie|

GUv Rv‡qh n‡e bv †h, †m Bmjv‡gi †h †Kvb Mí ejyK ev Iqvh Ki“K Ges Zv‡Z Ggb nv`x‡Qi K_v D‡j−L K‡i hv †m Rv‡b bv| †mwU Qnxn, hCd bv gIhy| Kv‡iv Rb¨ `ye©j ev hCd nv`xQ eY©bv Kiv Rv‡qh bq| Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv KiwQ, wZwb †hb Zv‡ì‡K wQiv‡Z gy —vK¡x‡gi c_ †`Lvb-Avwgb|164 3. mE`x Avi‡ei mv‡eK mKj gydZx‡ì cÖavb I Bmjvgx M‡elYv I dvZvIqv Awa`ßi-Gi gnvcwiPvjK Ges m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil‡ì cÖavb kvqL gynv¤§v` web Beivnxg (int) ZvejxM RvgvqvZ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÔGB Rvgvqv‡Zi †Kvb dv‡q`v †bB| GwU GKwU we`ÔAvZx Ges †Mvgivn msMVb| Zv‡ì ZvejxMx wbQve c‡o †`Ljvg Zv †Mvgivnx I we`ÔAv‡Z ficyi| G‡Z Kei c~Rv Ges wki‡Ki w`‡K AvnŸvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqwU GgbB †h, G e¨vcv‡i Pzc _vKv hvq bv|165 4. wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ I gynvw°K Ges wesk kZvãxi me©‡kªô nv`xQ wekvi` kvqL Avj−vgv gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, ZvejxM RvgvÔAvZ Avj−vn&i KziAvb Ges ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Dci cÖwZwôZ bq Ges mvj‡d mv‡jnxb‡ì cš’vi Dci bq| (Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I Zv‡e-Zv‡eCb‡ì GK‡Î mvj‡d mv‡jnxb ejv nq)| GB ZvejxM RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ †ei nIqv Rv‡qh bq| Zv‡ì DwPZ Av‡M Bmjv‡gi mwVK Ávb wk¶v †bqv| Zviv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ‡K Zv‡ì g~jbxwZ wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡i bv (hvi ev —e cÖgvY Zv‡ì dvhvwq‡j Avgvj mn Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’mg~n)| hwÌ Zviv gy‡L e‡j †h, Zv‡ì `vIqvZ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ wfwËK wKš‘ GUv wbQK Zv‡ì gy‡Li K_v; Zv‡ì mwVK AvKx¡ v †bB, Zv‡ì wek¦vm RU cvKv‡bv| G‡ì ¯”Q Áv‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q| GB ZvejxM RvgvqvZ g~jZt Q~dx gZev‡ì aviK I evnK|166 5. mE`x Avi‡ei me©”P Ijvgv ciwl‡ì m`m¨ Avãyi ivhhvK Avwddx e‡jb, ev —‡e ZvejxMcwš’iv we`ÔAvZx, Bmjvg weK…ZKvix Ges Kv‡ìxqv mn Ab¨vb¨ evwZj ZixKvi Abymvix| Zviv Avj−vn&i c‡_ †ei nqwb eis Zv‡ì cÖwZôvZv Avgxi Bwjqv‡mi gbMov c‡_ †ei n‡q‡Q; Zviv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi w`‡K Wv‡K bv eis Zviv AwZ m~²fv‡e Bwjqv‡mi w`‡K Wv‡K| Avwg A‡bK w`b Av‡M †_‡KB G‡ì wPwb| Giv wgmi, BmivC‡j ev Av‡gwiKvq †h ’v‡bB _vKzK bv †Kb, Giv we`ÔAvZx|167 6. mE`x Ai‡ei m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil‡ì m`m¨ kvBL mv‡jn web dvIhvb (int) e‡jb, `vIqv‡Zi bvg eënvi K‡i ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi †jv‡Kiv hv K‡i Zv we`ÔAvZ;

164. kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj DQvqgxb (i:) KZ©„K

¯v¶wiZ dZIqv, dvZvIqv I wPwVcÎ wefvM, mE`x Avie| 165. ZvwiL: 19/1/1382 wnRix, dZIqv I wPwVcÎ, MÖ vÛ gydZx

kvBL gynv¤§v` web Beivnxg, LÛ 1, c„ôv 267-268, ¯§viK bs 37/8/5 wW. 21/1/1382 mE`x Avie|

166. BgviZx dvZvIqv, Avj−vgv bvwmi“Ïxb Avjevbx, c„ôv-38| 167. dvZvIqv I wPwVcÎ wefvM, kvBL Avãyi ivhhvK Avwddx

dvZvIqv, LÛ 1, c„ôv 174, mE`x Avie|


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Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I Zv‡e-Zv‡eC A_©vr mvj‡d mv‡jnxbiv Gfv‡e `vIqvZ †`bwb| G‡ì gv‡S A‡bK we`ÔAvZ Ges åvš— Kzms¯‹vi i‡q‡Q| G‡ì Kg©bxwZ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kg©m~Px I Kg©bxwZi cwicš’x I we‡ivax| GwU GKwU we`ÔAvZx Q~dx RvgvqvZ, G‡ì m¤ú‡K© mveavb _vKv Acwinh©| Zviv we`ÔAvZx wPj−v †`q| Zv‡ì Øviv Bmjv‡gi †Kvb dvq`v n‡e bv Ges †Kvb gymwj‡gi Rv‡qh n‡e bv G Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úK© ivLv Ges G‡ì mv‡_ Pjv|168 Zvej xM x wb Qve c wiwP wZ : Bwjqvmx Zvejx‡Mi cÖwZ mvaviY gvbyl‡K AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki mvnvivbcyi †hjvi Kv‡Üjvn wbevmx I gvhvwni“j ÔDj~g mvnvivbcy‡ii mv‡eK kvBLyj nv`xQ gvIjvbv hvKvwiqvn& nvbvdx bqwU eB †j‡Lb D ~© fvlvq| Zvi bvg¸‡jv n‡jv : 1. †nKvqv‡Z Qvnvev; 2. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh; 3. dvhv‡q‡j ZvejxM; 4.dvhv‡q‡j ivgvhvb 5. dvhv‡q‡j whwKi; 6. dvhv‡q‡j KziAvb; 7. dvhv‡q‡j ì“`; 8. dvhv‡q‡j nv¾; 9. dvhv‡q‡j Qv`vK¡vn| Zvej xM RvgvqvZ KZ…©K c ÖKvw kZ eB‡ q wkiK-we` ÔAv‡ Zi bgybv : Ôdvhvhq‡j AvgvjÕ bvgK eBwU‡Z AwaKsk Av‡jvPbvB wkiK-weÀvZ, wg_¨v wK”Qv-Kvwnbx, Kzms¯‹vi, m~Înxb, ev‡bvqvU Rvj I hCd nv`x‡Q cwic~Y©| †hgb, (GK) ZvejxM RvgvÔqv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv Bwjqvm (int)-Gi wb‡`©‡k gvIjvbv hvKvwiqvn& dvhv‡q‡j ZvejxM eBwU †j‡Lb| H eB‡qi f~wgKvq wZwb e‡jb, Bmjvgx gyRvwÏ‡ì GK D¾¡j iZœ Ges Djvgv I gvkv‡qL‡ì GK PvKwPK¨gq gy³vi wb‡`©k †h, Zvejx‡M Øx‡bi cÖ‡qvRb msw¶ßfv‡e KwZcq AvqvZ I nv`xm wj‡L †ck Kwi| Avgvi gZ ¸bvnMv‡ii Rb¨ Giƒc e¨w³‡ì mš‘wóB bvRv‡Zi Iqvwmjv eBwU †ck Kijvg|169 A_P Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, Avcwb ejyb! Avgvi QvjvZ, Avgvi KzievYx Ges Avgvi Rxeb I giY wek¦ cÖwZcvjK Avj−vniB Rb¨| A_©vr Avj−vn&i mš‘wói Rb¨ (AvbÔAvg 162)| Gevi eySzb Avj−vn&i mš‘wó ev` w`‡q gvIjvbv hvKvwiqvn& Bwjqvm Qv‡n‡ei mš‘wói AR©b Ki‡Z PvB‡Q| (`yB) ¶zavZ© GK e¨w³ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii cv‡k¦© wM‡q Lv‡`ï Av‡e`b K‡i Nywg‡q co‡jb| †mB Ae ’vq Zvi wbKU i“wU Avmj, Nygš— Ae ’vq A‡a©K i“wU LvIqvi ci RvMÖZ n‡q Aewkó i“wU †L‡jb|170 (wZb ) R‰bKv gwnjv 3 Rb Lv‡`g KZ…©K gvi LvIqvi ci ivm~‡ji Ke‡ii cv‡k©¦ wM‡q wePvi cÖv_©bv Ki‡j, AvIqvR Avmj âh© ai, dj cv‡e| Gi c‡iB AZ¨vPvix Lv‡`gMY gviv †Mj|171

168. ZvwiL: 13/5/1417 wnRix, dvZvIqv I wPwVcÎ, kvBL

mvjn web dvIhvb (in:), mE`x Avie Ges `vIqvZ I Bj‡gi e¨vcv‡i wZbwU e³e¨-kv‡qL dvIhvb|

169. dvhv‡q‡j Avgvj- f~wgKvq 1g c„ôv| 170. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 155-156| 171. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 159|

(P vi) A_©vf‡e wecbœ e¨w³ ivm~‡ji Ke‡ii cv‡k¦© nvwhi n‡q mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kivq Zv gÄyi nj| †jvKwU Nyg †_‡K RvMÖZ n‡q †`L‡Z †cj †h, Zvi nv‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv wìnvg|172 (c uvP ) g`xbvq gmwR‡` Avhvb †Ìqv Ae ’vq GK Lv‡`g gyqvwhhb‡K cÖnvi Kivq ivm~‡ji Ke‡i gyqvwhhb KZ©„K wePvi cÖv_©bv| cÖ_©bvi 3 w`b c‡iB H Lv‡`‡gi g„Zy nq|173 (Qq) R‰bK Amy ’ e¨w³ wPwKrmvq e¨_© nIqvq H e¨w³i AvZ¥xq, ÔKi‡Wvfvi GK gš¿x ÔAv‡iv‡Mï Avih K‡i ivm~‡ji Ke‡i cvV Kivi Rb¨ Amy ’ e¨w³‡K cÎmn g`xbvq †cÖiY| Ke‡ii cv‡k©¦ cÎ cvV Kivi c‡iB †ivMxi Av‡ivM¨ jvf|174 (mvZ) †Kvb e¨w³ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi iIhvq Avih Kivq iIhv n‡Z n — gyeviK †ei n‡q Avm‡j Dnv Pz¤b K‡i †m ab¨ nj| beŸB nvhvi †jvK Zv †`L‡Z †cj| gvney‡e †mvenvbx Avãyj Kv‡ì wRjvbxI †mLv‡b Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb|175 (AvU ) †n Avj−vn&i †cqviv bex (Qvt)! †g‡nievbx c~e©K Avcwb GKUz `qv I ing‡Zi `„wó wb‡¶c Ki“b|176 (bq) Avcwb mviv we‡k¦i Rb¨ ingZ ¯iƒc, Kv‡RB Avgv‡ì gZ `yf©vMv n‡Z Avcwb Kx K‡i Mv‡dj _vK‡Z cv‡ib|177 (`k) Avcwb †mŠ›`h© I †mŠi‡fi mviv Rvnvb‡K mÄxweZ Kwiqv Zzjyb Ges Nygš— bviwMQ dz‡ji gZ RvMÖZ nBqv mviv wek¦emx‡K D™¢vwmZ Ki“b| (GM vi ) Avgv‡ì wPš—vhy³ ivwÎmg~n‡K Avcwb w`b evbvBqv w`b Ges Avcbvi wek¦my›ì †Pnvivi Sj‡K Avgv‡ì Øxb‡K Kvwgqve Kwiqv w`‡eb|178 (evi) `ye©j I Amnvq‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki“b Avi LuvwU †cÖwgK‡ì Aš—‡i mvš—¦bv `vb Ki“b|179 (†Zi ) Avwg Avcb AnsKvix bvd‡Q Av¤§vivi †avKvq fxlY `ye©j nBqv cwoqvwQ| Ggb Amnvq `ye©j‡ì cÖwZ Ki“Yvi `„wó wb‡¶c Ki“b|180 (†P ŠÏ) hw` Avcbvi Ki“Yvi `„wó Avgvi mvnvh¨Kvix bv nq Z‡e Avgvi A½ cÖZ¨½ †eKvi I Aek nBqv cwo‡e|181 (c ‡ bi) K‡qKRb hyeK bvgvh co‡Z co‡Z K‡Vvi mvabv K‡i Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡i Avj−vni ìev‡i P‡j hvIqvi Mí|182 (†lvj ) †Kvb eyRy‡M©i Gkvi Ahy Øviv GKvav‡i 40 eQi ch©š— dRi bvgvR covi Kí-Kvwnbx|183

172. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 162-163| 173. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 162-163| 174. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 167| 175. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 159| 176. dvhv‡q‡j ì“`, c„t 142| 177. dvhv‡q‡j ì“`, c„t 142| 178. dvhv‡q‡j ì“`, c„t 143| 179. dvhv‡q‡j ì“`, c„t 143| 180. dhvwq‡j ì“`, c„t 144| 181. dhvwq‡j ì“`, c„t 144| 182. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh, c„t 34-35| 183. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh, c„t 94, 102|


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(m‡ Zi) R‰bK e¨w³ GKB ARy Øviv 12 w`b bvgvh c‡o‡Qb|184 (AvV vi) Av`g (Avt) `ywbqv‡Z G‡m 40 eQi hver µ›`b K‡iI ¶gv cvbwb, me©‡k‡l Rvbœv‡Z †Lvw`Z gynv¤§v` (Qvt) Gi bv‡gi Amxjvq †`vÔAv K‡i ¶gv cÖvß n‡q‡Qb|185 (Ewbk) †n gynv¤§v` (Qvt) Avcbv‡K m„wó bv Ki‡j wek¦Rvnv‡bi wKQzB m„wó KiZvg bv|186 GwU †jvK gy‡L nv`x‡Q Kz mx wnmv‡e h‡_ó cÖwm×| A_P nv`xQ we‡klÁMY G e¨vcv‡i GKgZ †h, GwU GKwU wfwËnxb †iIqvqvZ, wg_y K‡ì evb‡bv K_v| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ Gi mvgvb¨Zg wgj †bB| Bgvg QvMvwb, Avj−vgv cvUbx, †gvj−v Avjx Kvix, kvqL AvRjybx, Avj−vgv KvDKRx, Bgvg kIKvbx, gynvwÏm ÔAvãyj−vn Beby wmwÏK Avj-¸gvix Ges kvn ÔAvãyj ÔAvhxh gynvwÏQ †`njfx (int) cÖgyL gynvwÏmx‡b wKivg GwU‡K Rvj e‡j‡Qb| (wek) ivm~~~~ ~j (Qvt) Gi gjg~Î cvK-cweÎ wQj I i³ nvjvj wQj Ges mvnvev‡q †Kivg‡ì `yBRb Zv †L‡q Rvbœv‡Zi wbðqZv †c‡q‡Qb ¯qs ivm~j (Qvt) †_‡K|187 A_P Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, Avcwb e‡j w`b, hv wKQz weavb Inxi gva¨‡g Avgvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q, Zb¥‡a¨ Avwg †Kvb nvivg Lv`¨ cvBbv †Kvb f¶YKvixi R‡b¨, hv †m f¶Y K‡i; wKš‘ g„Z A_ev cÖevwnZ i³ A_ev ïK‡ii gvsm GUv AcweÎ A_ev A‰ea; h‡en Kiv Rš‘ hv Avj−vn Qvov A‡bï bv‡g DrmM© Kiv nq| AZtci †h ¶zavq KvZi n‡q c‡o GgZe ’vq †h Aeva¨Zv K‡i bv Ges mxgvj•Nb K‡i bv, wbðq Avcbvi cvjbKZ©v ¶gvkxj `qvjy (AvbÔAvg 6/145)| wek¦ BR‡ Zgv c ªm½ : ÔBR‡ZgvÕ k‡ãi A_© mgv‡eZ Kiv, mfv-mgv‡ek ev m‡¤§jb| ag©xq †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ eûmsL¨K gvbyl‡K GKÎ Kiv, Kv‡Ri ¸i“Z¡ †evSv‡bv, KvRwU h_vh_fv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wm×vš— †bqv Ges e¨vcKfv‡e Gi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ ewjô c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv BZ¨vw` welq‡K Bmjv‡gi cwifvlvq BR‡Zgv ejv nq| ZvejxM RvgvÔAv‡Zi eo m‡¤§jb n‡”Q Ôwek¦ BR‡ZgvÕ| 1944 mv‡j cÖ_g wek¦ BR‡Zgv AbywôZ nq XvKvi KvKivBj gmwR‡`| 1948 mv‡j BR‡Zgv AbywôZ nq PÆMÖv‡gi nvwR K¨v‡¤ú Ges 1950 mv‡j bvivqYM‡Äi wmw×iM‡Ä| 1965 mv‡j U½xi cvMvi bvgK ’v‡b BR‡Zgv AbywôZ nq| G¸‡jv AbywôZ n‡qwQj Lye †QvU cwim‡i| GiB g‡a¨ Zvejx‡Mi Kvh©µg evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡g-M‡Ä, kni-e›`‡i, e¨vcKfv‡e Qwo‡q c‡o| BR‡Zgvq †`wk-we‡`kx eû gvby‡li Dcw ’wZ †e‡o hvq| 1967 mv‡j U½xi ZzivM b`xi Zx‡i wek¦ BR‡Zgvi ’vb wba©viY Kiv nq| ZLb †_‡KB wek¦ BR‡Zgv me©e„nr

ag©xq mgv‡e‡ki cwiYZ nq! 1972 mv‡j miKvi U½xi BR‡Zgv ’‡ji Rb¨ miKvix Rwg cÖ vb K‡ib Ges ZLb †_‡K wek¦ BR‡Zgvi cwiwa Av‡iv eo n‡q D‡V| 1996 184. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh, c„t 98| 185. dvhv‡q‡j whwKi, c„t 153-154| 186. dvhv‡q‡j whwKi, c„t 153| 187. †nKvqv‡Z mvnvev, c„t 262-263|

mv‡j ZrKvjxb miKvi G RvqMvq 160 GKi Rwg ’vqxfv‡e BR‡Zgvi Rb¨ eivÏ †`q Ges AeKvVv‡gvMZ wKQz Dbœqb NUvq| D³ BR‡Zgvi we‡kl AvKl©Y nj GB Av‡Lix gybvRvZ! gvbyl GLb dih QvjvZ Av`v‡qi PvB‡Z Av‡Lix gybvRv‡Z †hvM`vb Kiv‡KB AwaK ¸i“Z¡ †`q| Av‡Lix gybvRv‡Z kixK nevi Rb¨ bvgvRx, †e-bvgvRx, Nyl‡Lvi, mš¿vmx, we`ÔAvZx, `y ‹…wZKvix `‡j `‡j gq`v‡bi w`‡K avweZ nq| †KD †Uª‡bi Qv‡`, †KD ev‡mi n¨v‡Ûj a‡i, †bŠKv, wcKAvc cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g BR‡Zgvq †hvM`vb K‡i| Zviv g‡b K‡i mKj cÖvwßi †mB gq`vb eywS Uw½i ZzivM b`xi cv‡o| gvbyl cvqLvbv-†cmve cwi®‹vi K‡iI †mLv‡b QIqv‡ei Avkvq _v‡Kb| G †hb SIqv‡ei Qov Qwo, †h h‡Zv Kzov‡q _‡j fi‡Z cvi‡e Zvi Z‡ZvB jvf| †Uª‡bi Qv‡ì Dci gvby‡li Xj †`‡L wUwf‡Z mvsevw`K fvB‡evbMY gv_vq Kvco w`‡q evi evi e‡jb ag©cÖvY gymjgvbMY AvR Zv‡ì cv‡ci cÖvwðË Ki‡Z Qz‡U Pj‡Qb Zziv‡Mi cv‡o! c‡ii w`b eo †nwWs †`‡L hviv Gevi †h‡Z cv‡ibwb Zviv g‡b g‡b Iqv`v K‡i em‡eb †h AvMvgx‡Z †h‡ZB n‡e| Zv bv n‡j cvcx‡ì ZvwjKvq bvg †_‡KB hv‡e! Gfv‡e c‡½vcv‡ji g‡Zv G‡ì evwnbx eo‡Z _vK‡e| G‡ì Avi i“Lv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv ¯qs ivóªcwZ e½fe‡b, cÖavbgš¿x MYfe‡b, we‡ivax`wjq †bÎx I Ab¨vb¨ gš¿xMYI †mLv‡b wM‡q AvuPj †c‡Z cÖv_©bv K‡ib| wUwf‡Z mivmwi gybvRvZ m¤úªPvi Kiv nq| †iwWI ï‡b iv —vi UªvwdKMYI nvZ Zz‡j Avwgb! Avwgb! ej‡Z _v‡K| wK me©bvkv we`ÔAvZ Avgv‡ì Kz‡i Kz‡i MÖvm Ki‡Q Zv AvgivI Rvwb bv! Avivdvi gv‡V n¾ Gi mgq j¶ j¶ †jvK mgvMg nq| †mLv‡b †Kb mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ nq bv? †hLv‡b Avj−vn wb‡R nvwhi n‡Z e‡j‡Qb, †hLv‡b wZwb AMwYZ gvbyl‡K ¶gv K‡i †`b| GB cÖ‡kœi Reve hviv eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q ZvivB eyS‡Z cvi‡e †Kb wek¦ BR‡Zgv we`ÔAvZ? mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ Gi Kvi‡YB wek¦ BR‡Zgv we`ÔAvZ| hw` Av‡Lix gybvRvZ bv nZ Z‡e Aš—Z ejv †hZ BmjvwgK Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wek¦ BR‡Zgv| ZvQvov GB BR‡Zgv we`ÔAvZx wKZve †_‡K eqvb Kiv nq| A‡b‡K Avevi GB BR‡Zgv‡K 2q n¾ e‡j D‡j−L K‡ib! (bvEhywej−vn)| GgbwK ÔP¨v‡bj AvBÕ MYgva¨‡gI GwU‡K n‡¾i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Q! Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Kvev Ni Qvov Ab¨ †Kv_vI 2q n¾ Ki‡Z e‡jb wb| Ggb KvR mIqv‡ei Avkvq Ki‡j Avj−vni †`qv wba©vwiZ weav‡bi mxgvj•Nb Kiv n‡e| Avi Avj−vni †`qv mxgvj•Nb Ki‡j Zvi cwiYvg n‡e fqven| Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji Aeva¨ n‡q Avj−vni mxgvj•Nb K‡i, Avj−vn Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g XyKv‡eb, †mLv‡b †m wPiKvj _vK‡e Avi Zvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q jvÂbv`vqK kvw — (wbmv 14)| Bmjv‡gi mwVK e¨vL¨v cÖ vb I cÖPvi Kivi j‡¶¨ †h‡Kvb gvnwdj ev BR‡Zgvi Av‡qvRb Kiv I †mLv‡b †hvM`vb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ hw` Bmjv‡gi bv‡g Rvj, hCd I ev‡bvqvU nv`x‡Qi Ges wfwËnxb dvhv‡qj I †K”Qv-Kvwnbx †kvbvi `vIqvZ †`qv nq, we`ÔAvZx AvK¡x`v I Avgj cÖPvi Kiv nq,


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Zvn‡j †mLv‡b †hvM`vb Kiv hv‡ebv| PvB †mUv wek¦ BR‡Zg †nvK ev Ab¨ †Kvb BR‡Zgv †nvK| KviY we`ÔAvZx‡ì m½ w`‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| we`ÔAvZx †jv‡Kiv wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b nvDh KvIQv‡ii cvwb cvb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|188 we` ÔAv‡ Zi wZbwU †gŠwj K bxwZgvj v : 1.Ggb Avg‡ji gva¨‡g Avj−vn&i wbKU QIqv‡ei Avkv Kiv, hv kixÔAvZ wm× bq| †Kbbv kixÔAv‡Zi ¯Ztwm× wbqg nj Ggb Avgj Øviv Avj−vni wbKU QIqv‡ei Avkv Ki‡Z n‡e hv KziAv‡b Avj−vn wb‡R wKsev Qnxn nv`x‡Q Zuvi ivm~j gynv¤§v` (Qvt) Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Qb| Zvn‡jB KvRwU Bev`Z e‡j MY¨ n‡e| c¶vš—‡i Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt) †h Avgj Aby‡gv`b K‡ibwb †m Avg‡ji gva¨‡g Avj−vn&i Bev`Z Kiv n‡e we`ÔAvZ| 2. Øx‡bi Aby‡gvw`Z eë ’v I c×wZi evB‡i Ab¨ eë ’vi AbymiY I ¯xK…wZ cÖ vb| Bmjv‡g GK_v ¯Ztwm× †h, kixq‡Zi †eu‡a †`qv c×wZ I weav‡Yi g‡a¨ _vKv IqvwRe| †h e¨w³ Bmjvgx kwiqZ e¨wZZ Ab¨ weavb I c×wZ AbymiY Kij I Zvi cÖwZ AvbyM‡Zï ¯xK…wZ cÖ vb Kij †m we`ÕAv‡Z wjß nj| 3. †h mKj Kg©KvÛ mivmix we`ÕAvZ bv n‡jI we`ÕAv‡Zi w`‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i Ges cwi‡k‡l gvbyl‡K we`ÕAv‡Z wjß K‡i, †m¸‡jvi ûKzg we`ÕAv‡ZiB Abyiƒc| myZivs hviv Avj−vn&i ivm~‡ji Qnxn nv`xQ‡K †R‡b ey‡S †¯”Qvq mÁv‡b cwiZ¨vM K‡i Kv‡iv KwíZ ivq wK¡qv‡mi AbymiY K‡i Zviv Avj−vni ivmy‡ji Aeva¨| we` ÕAvZx Kv‡ Ri c wiYwZ : 1. H we` ÔAvZx KvR Avj−vn&i ìev‡i M„nxZ n‡e bv| 2. we`ÔAvZx Kv‡Ri d‡j gymwjg mgv‡R †Mvgivnxi e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i| 3. Avi GB †Mvgivnxi d‡j we`ÔAvZx‡K Rvnvbœvg †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ Avgv‡ì kixÔAv‡Z Ggb wKQz bZzb m„wó Kij, hv Zvi g‡a¨ †bB, Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ|189 Zvej xM Rvgvqv‡ Zi c ÖwZ Avgv‡ ì AvnŸ vb : hw` Avcbviv cÖK…Z ZvejxM Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j U½x †_‡K †NvlYv w`b (K) Avmyb! cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ Avgj Kwi| (L) g~wZ©cyRv nvivg, †h †jvK wb‡R QvjvZ c‡o I g~wZ©cyRv‡K bxie mg_©b K‡i †m cÖKviv‡š— g~wZ©cyRv K‡i| (M) dvhv‡q‡j Avgvj bq, Avj-KziAvbB gymwjg‡ì GKgvÎ msweavb| (N) gyi“eŸx, ûRyi, AvKvexi, eyhyM©‡ì ¯cœ I we`ÔAvZx Avgj Avi bq, AvR †_‡K mybœv‡Zi Abymvix †nvb| (O) cvb, R`©v, ZvgvK, ¸j mn mKj †bkv`vi ªe¨ nvivg| (P) wbf©‡q ejyb! gvhv‡i cy ú —eK Ac©Y Kiv, RxweZ I g„Z gvbyl‡ì m¤§v‡b uvov‡bv, wkLv wPiš—b, wkLv Awbe©vY mn hveZxq wkiKx Kg©KvÛ eÜ Ki“b| 188. gymwjg, nv/4243| 189. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/140|

(Q) mKj a‡g©i †jv‡Ki evrmwiK gybvRv‡Z Ask †bIqvi Av‡M Kv‡jgv c‡o gymwjg n‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq G ai‡bi BR‡Zgv‡K Bmjvgx ejv hvq wKfv‡e? hwÌ dih Qvjv‡Zi ci mw¤§wjZ nvZ Zz‡j yÔAv Kiv we`ÔAvZ| wn›`yiv M½vq œvb K‡i| GKUv gš¿ c‡o mKj cvc †gvPb K‡i wd‡i Av‡m| Avi Bwjqvmx Rvgvqv‡Zi fvB‡qiv U½x BR‡Zgvq wM‡q GKLvbv Av‡Lix gybvRvZ w`‡q ¸bvn †gvPb K‡i wd‡i Av‡m! AZGe Avmyb, dvhv‡q‡j Avgj‡K ZzivM b`x‡Z wemR©b w`‡q cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nvw`Q wfwËK Avgj Kivi †Póv Kwi| Dc msnvi : gymwjg mgv‡R µgkt Avj−vn cÖ Ë cweÎ KziAvb I mybœv‡Z beexi wba©vwiZ Øx‡bi cwie‡Z© wKQz gbMov bevwe¯‹…Z Av`k© I bxwZ AbycÖ‡ek Ki‡Q| djkÖ“wZ‡Z Avgiv cÖK…Z Bmjvg †_‡K ~‡i m‡i hvw”Q| Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ ZvInx` I mybœvn&i cwie‡Z© wkiK we`ÔAv‡Zi cÖv`yf©ve NU‡Q| ZvejxMcš’x‡ì Uzwc, cvMix, j¤v †cvkv‡Ki evwn¨K iƒc †`‡L A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib GivB mwVK c‡_ Av‡Q| eû gmwR‡` Zv‡ì‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb, ÔevwK bvgvR ev` Cgvb I Avg‡ji K_v n‡e Avgiv mevB ewm eûZ dvq`v n‡eÕ| Avm‡j cÖK…Zc‡¶B Hme wkiK-we`ÔAvZx‡ì gRwj‡m Avcwb em‡j Cgvb I Avg‡j dvq`v †Zv `~‡ii K_v eis Cgvb I Avgj `yÕwUB nviv‡eb| KviY AvK¡x`v ï× bv n‡j Avgj †eKvi n‡q hv‡e| GK_v Ab¯xKvh© †h, Bwjqvmx Zvejx‡Mi mvnP‡h© †ek wKQz‡jvK QvjvZ-wQqvg a‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †mB mv‡_ Zviv gvKvj djiƒcx Rvj I hCd nv`x‡Qi N~wY©cv‡K NyicvKI Lv‡”Qb Ges eû KvíwbK NUbvi †Nv‡i g‡R i‡q‡Qb| GgZve ’vq Zv‡ì mvg‡b evwn¨K AvKl©Ynxb Qnxn nv`x‡Q †ck Ki‡j Zviv gvKvj d‡ji gZ AvK…ó nb bv Ges mZ¨ NUbv ï‡b gRv cvb bv| ZvB Zviv Rvj-nv`xQ I wg_¨v Z_¨ †ckKvix‡ì‡K cig wnZvKv•Lx g‡b K‡i| Avi Qnxn Z_¨ †ckKvix‡ì‡K Pig kÎ“ fve‡Qb Ges wKQz Bwjqvmx ZvewjMx gyevwj−M Zv‡ì‡K bvPv‡”Qb| d‡j †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq Qnxn I Rvj nv`xQ Iqvjv‡ì g‡a¨ msNl© †`Lv w`‡”Q| Ôdvhv‡q‡j AvgvjÕ eBwU‡Z KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi cwicš’x A‡bK K_v Av‡Q| Avevi cweÎ KziAv‡bi wKQz mwVK e¨vL¨vI Av‡Q| hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ wKQz mwVK nv`xQI Av‡Q| mZ¨-wg_¨vi mswgwkÖZ wKZve ZvejxMx wbQve Z_v dvhv‡q‡j Avgvj cvVvf¨vm I kªeY eR©b Kiv DwPZ| KviY g` I Ryqv m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, H yÕwUi g‡a¨ eo cvc Av‡Q Ges †jvK‡ì Rb¨ jvfI Av‡Q| Z‡e I‡ì cvcUv I‡ì jv‡fi †P‡q †ekx eoÕ (evK¡vivn 2/)| GgZve ’vq Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv hv‡ì ie, gynv¤§v` (Qvt) hv‡ì Av`k©, KziAvb hv‡ì msweavb, ZvInx`, †imvjvZ Ges Av‡LivZ hv‡ì Cgv‡bi g~j welq, ZvK¡Iqv I Avj−vn&i mš‘wó hv‡ì Kvg¨ Zv‡ì wbKU H fyj wKZvewU Aek¨B cwinvi Kiv DwPZ| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì mnvq †nvb| Avgxb! [†j L K- Z…Zxq el©, BwZnvm wefvM I `d Zi m¤ ú v`K, evsj v‡ `k Avn‡ j nv`xQ h yemsN, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj q]


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(1193 -1246/ 1779-18 3 1) 52 e rmi kvn BmgvCj (int) I wRnv` Av‡›`vj b cvÄv‡e gymjgvb‡ì Dci wkL‡ì AweiZ †jvgnl©K wbh©vZ‡bi Lei ï‡b I `xN© yÕeQi hveZ cvÄv‡ei MÖv‡g-M‡Ä Ny‡i AwfÁZv nvwQ‡ji ci w`j−x wd‡i G‡m kvn BmgvCj Mfxi wPš—vq gMœ n‡jb|190 Ae‡k‡l mk ¿ cÖwZ‡ivaB Gi GKgvÎ c_ wnmv‡e wZwb mve¨ — K‡ib I †mg‡Z gvbwmK cÖ ‘wZ wb‡Z _v‡Kb| BwZg‡a¨ †`k nÕ‡Z Bs‡iR kvmb DrLv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q my ¶ ˆmwbK mvBwq` Avngv` †eªjfxi (1201-1246 wnt/1786-1831 wLªt) wØZxqevi (1231/1861 L„t) w`j−x AvMg‡bi Lei ï‡b wZwb †hb c_ Luy‡R †c‡jb Ges eyhM© D —v` I PvPv kvn Ave yj Avhx‡hi Bkvivq wZwb I gvIjvbv Ave yj nvB (g„t 1243/1828 L„t) ˆmq` Avngv` †eªjfxi nv‡Z wRnv‡ì evqÔAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| Zuv‡ì evqÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ mv‡_ AwjDj−vn-cwiev‡ii mK‡j ÔAvgx‡i wRnv`Õ wnmv‡e Zuvi nv‡Z evqÔAvZ †bb| ïi“ nÕj wRnv‡ì cwiKíbv I e¨vcK cÖ ‘wZ| ˆmq` Avngv` hy‡×i gq`v‡bi ÔAvgxiÕ n‡jI Avj−vgv BmgvCj wQ‡jb cÖavb †mbvcwZ I mKj wel‡qi g~j cwiKíK| wZwbB wQ‡jb wRnv‡ì cÖvYcyi“l| Zuv‡ì cwiPvwjZ Ô`vIqvZ I wRnv`Õ-†K Avgiv Awfbœ j‡¶¨ wb‡qvwRZ PviwU —‡i fvM Ki‡Z cvwi|191 †hgb- 1. ˆmq` Avngv‡ì nv‡Z ÔevqÔAv‡Z BgviZÕ Ges cuvP eQi hveZ e¨vcK `vIqvZ I ZvejxM (1231-36/1816-21 L„t 2. n‡¾i mdi : †mŠiel© wnmv‡e 2 eQi 10 gvm AvUvk w`b (1236-39/1821-24 L„t) 3. wRnv‡ì mwµq cÖ ‘wZ I †`ke¨vcx mdi cÖvq yÕeQi (1239-41/1824-26) 4. wnRiZ, wRnv` I kvnv`Z : 1241 wnRixi 7B Rgvw`DQ Qvbx †gvZv‡eK 1826 mv‡ji 17B Rvbyqvix †mvgevi nÕ‡Z 1246 wnRixi 24†k hyjKvÔ`v †gvZv‡eK 1831 mv‡ji 6B †g ïÎ“evi c~e©vý ch©š— †gvU cuvP eQi wZb gvm Dwbk w`b| PviwU —‡i me©‡gvU cÖvq 15 eQi| 1g —i : e vqÔAv‡Z BgviZ -`vÔIqvZ I Z ve j xM (123 1-

3 6/ 18 16-21 L „t) 1231 wnRix‡Z w`j−x‡Z ˆmq` Avngv‡ì nv‡Z ÔevqÔAv‡Z BgviZÕ †k‡l Ôû¾vZzj BmjvgÕ Avj−vgv BmgvCj I ÔkvqLyj BmjvgÕ Avj−vgv Ave yj nvBmn192 Kg‡ekx wekRb †miv 190. RxebxKvi wgihv nvqivZ †`njfx, Ônvqv‡Z ZvBwqevÕ (jv‡nvi : gvKZvevZzm mvjvg 1958) c„t 190; Ab¨ RxebxKvi †Mvjvg im~j †g‡ni GB md‡ii NUbv‡K ÔwbQK KvwnbxÕ e‡j‡Qb| -†g‡ni, cÖv¸³ c„t 148; kvn BmgvCj‡K ÔKv‡diÕ AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq I Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ PviRb ¸Ûv wb‡hvM Kiv nq| `ª. wgihv, nvqv‡Z ZvBwqev c„t 141,144| 191. gvmE` Avjg bv`fx, Ôwn›`y —vb wK c‡njx Bmjvgx ZvnixKÕ (w`j−xt gviKvhx gvKZvev Bmjvgx, 2q ms¯‹iY, b‡f¯i 1981) c„t 26| 192. D —v` kvn Ave`yj Avhxh Zuvi wcÖq QvÎØq‡K GB jK‡e WvK‡Zb| -†g‡ni, ÔmvBwq` Avngv` knx`Õ c„t 118|

Avwjg I eÜzevÜemn Avgxi ˆmq` Avngv` †eªjfx gynviig 1234/b‡f¤i 1818 mv‡j w`j−x nÕ‡Z mviv fviZe‡l© e¨vcK ZvejxMx md‡i †ei nb|193 BwZc~‡e© Zuviv w`j−x I Avkcv‡k ZvejxM K‡ib| A‡jŠwKK e³…Zv cÖwZfvi Aw`Kvix Avj−vgv BmgvC‡ji bQxnZ I evwM¥Zvq gy» n‡q †jv‡Kiv wewfbœ Kzms¯‹vi nÕ‡Z ZIev K‡i Ges `‡j `‡j ˆmq` Avngv‡ì wbK‡U evqÔAvZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| me©Î Zuviv wkiK I we`ÔAv‡Zi wei“‡× cÖwZev‡ì mv‡_ mv‡_ mKj‡K wRnv‡` DØy× K‡i †Zv‡jb| GBfv‡e cÖvq cuvP ermi hveZ e¨vcK `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb evqÔAvZKvixi msL¨v eû¸‡Y e„w× cvq, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb wkL I Bs‡iR kw³i wei“‡× AvMvgx w`‡bi me©fviZxq gyRvwn` †bZv wnmv‡e Zuv‡ì fveg~wZ© me©mvavi‡Yi ü`q MÖw_Z n‡q hvq| 2q —i : n‡¾i mdi (1.10.123 6 wnt - 29.8 .123 9 wnt / 2.6.18 21 L „t - 3 0.4 .18 24 L „t) : Rjc‡_ cZz©MxR‡ì f‡q fvi‡Zi GK`j Avwjg ÔGLb n‡¾i diwhqvZ gyjZex n‡q †M‡QÕ GB g‡g© drIqv Rvwi Ki‡j194 Zvi cÖwZev‡` cÖ_‡g Avj−vgv BmgvCj GKwU drIqv wj‡L wewj K‡ib| AZtci wn¤§Znviv gymjgvb‡ì wn¤§Z wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ abx-wba©b mKj gymjgvb‡K Zuv‡ì mv‡_ n‡¾ hvIqvi Rb¨ Avgx‡ii wb‡ ©kµ‡g e¨vcK †NvlYv Rvwi Ki‡jb| Awek¦vm¨ n‡jI mZ¨ †h, G‡Kev‡i Kc ©Kk~b¨ Ae ’vq cuvPwU Rvnv‡h PvikZ bi-bvix wb‡q 1jv kvIqvj 1236 wnRix †gvZv‡eK 1821 mv‡ji 2iv Ryb Zvwi‡L C yj wdr‡ii QvjvZ †k‡l Zuviv n‡¾i D‡Ï‡k¨ ivq‡e‡ijx Z¨vM K‡ib| eë ’vcbvi `vwqZ¡kxj kvn BDmyd dj&Zxi wbK‡U gvÎ mvZ UvKv Aewkó wQj| †mUvI wgmKxb‡ì g‡a¨ `vb K‡i w`‡q iIqvbvi mgq wi³n — Avgxi ˆmq` Avngv` Avj−vn&i wbK‡U md‡ii mdjZvi Rb¨ Ki“YK‡Ú †`vÔAv K‡ib| mv_x‡ì wb‡ ©k w`‡jb †hb Kvi“ Kv‡Q wKQz bv Pvq Ges †Kvb Ae ’vq ZvK¡Iqv cwiZ¨vM bv K‡i| G †hb wQj Rvj~‡Zi wei“‡× hy× hvIqvi mgq Zvj~Z KZ…©K ˆmb¨‡ì wccvmv cix¶vi b¨vq| KwjKvZvq b‡f¤i 1821 nÕ‡Z cÖvq wZb gvm Ae ’v‡bi ci †gvU `kwU Rvnv‡h 753 Rb nvRx wb‡q Kv‡djv †RÏvi c‡_ iIqvbv n‡q hvq| GLv‡bB me©vv‡c¶v †ekx †jvK evqÔAvZ K‡iwQj| abx eëmvqx gybkx AvgxbyÏxb, †gŠjex BgvgyÏxb evsMvjx cÖgyL evqÔAvZ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ D`vin‡ — Avw_©K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| 7/8 gvm nvivgvB‡b KvwU‡q 2 eQi 10 gvm 28 w`b ci 29†k kvÔevb 1239 †gvZv‡eK 1814 mv‡ji 30†k GwcÖj Zvwi‡L ivgvhvbyj gyevi‡Ki c~e©w`b GB weivU Kv‡djv ivq‡e‡ijx wd‡i Av‡m I we`vqx †fvRce© †k‡l ZLbI `knvhvi UvKv DØ„Ë _v‡K, hv evqZzj gv‡j Rgv Kiv nq|195 Avj−vn&i Dc‡i ZvIqvK&Kz‡ji GB Abb¨ „óvš— fwel¨Z gyRvwn`M‡Yi Rb¨ †cÖiYv n‡q _vK‡e|

193. cÖv¸³ c„t 125| 194. cÖv¸³ c„t 176| 195. Ôc‡njx ZvnixKÕ c„t 26; †g‡ni, cÖv¸³ c„t 183, 208, 231|

A vn ‡jn v `xQ Av ‡›`v jb

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34

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196. cÖv¸³ c„t 234-38|

cvIqv †M‡j wRnv‡` Rqjvf GKiƒc wbwðZ ejv hvq| mew`‡K we‡ePbv K‡i wn› y —v‡b wewfbœ GjvKvi c¶ nÕ‡Z `vex _vKv m‡Ë¡I ˆmq` Avngv` I kvn BmgvCj Ae‡k‡l mxgvš— GjvKv‡KB wRnv` ïi“i †K› ª wnmv‡e wbe©vP‡bi wm×vš— †NvlYv K‡ib|197 AMÖMvgx evwnbx, `w¶Y evû, evgevû, imèvnx `j I g~jevwnbx mn cuvPwU evwnbx‡Z wef³ n‡q cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K c„_K c„_K Avgx‡ii `vwq‡Z¡ †mvc © K‡i 1241 wnRxii 7B Rgvw`DQ Qvbx †gvZv‡eK 1826 L„óv‡ãi 17B Rvbyqvix †mvgevi ˆmq` Avngv‡ì Rb¥MÖnY A‡hva¨vi ivq‡e‡ijxi ÔZvwKqvÕ MÖvg nÕ‡Z wRnv`x Kv‡djv Avj−vn&i bv‡g iIqvbv n‡q hvb| gyRv‡n`x‡bi cÖv_wgK msL¨ cuvP-QqkÕ wQj|198 Z‡e iv —vq Pjvi c‡_ eû †jvK Zv‡ì m½x n‡qwQ‡jb GK_v cÖvq mKj RxebxKvi e‡j‡Qb| wRnv‡` Mg‡bi ZvwiL †NvwlZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Piw`K nÕ‡Z Z¨vM I Kzievbxi e„wó ïi“ n‡q hvq| `‡j `‡j †jvK gyRv‡n`xb‡K we`vq Rvbv‡Z Av‡mb| AvkÖ“mRj †b‡Î mK‡jB wKQz bv wKQz Ônvw`qvÕ w`‡q wRnv‡` kixK nIqvi QIqve jv‡fi †Póv K‡ib| `kgv‡mi `xN© md‡i cÖvq wZb nvhvi gvBj c_ cwiµgvq kªvš—-K¬vš— gyRv‡n`x‡bi fv‡M¨ GK gyn~Z© wekªv‡gi AeKvk nÕj bv| cw_g‡a¨ wmÜz, nvqìvev`, †ejywP —vb, Kv›`vnvi, Mhbx, Kveyj mKj GjvKvi kvmK I Avgxi‡ì wbKU wRnv‡` AskMÖn‡Yi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q e¨_© nIqvq ˆmq` Avngv` I kvn BmgvC‡ji c~‡e©i aviYv evbPvj n‡q wM‡qwQj| ZeyI Zuviv fve‡Z cv‡ibwb †h, Giv gymjgvb n‡q G‡ìB kÎ“‡ì wei“‡× jovB‡q gyRvwn`‡ì we‡ivwaZvq †hvM`vb Ki‡e| mijcÖvY exiü`q kvn BmgvCj AZ¨š— ~i „wóm¤úbœ n‡jI GZ msKxY© wPš—vq wZwb ev Zuvi mv_xiv KL‡bvB Af¨ — wQ‡jb bv| mxgv‡š—i kxÔAv I cvVvb m ©viiv †h KZ a~Z© I gybvwdK Pwi‡Îi nÕ‡Z cv‡i Zv Aí wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B Zuv‡ì wbKU cÖwZfvZ n‡q I‡V| Avgxi ˆmq` Avngv` wb‡ ©k w`‡jb Ô†KD †hb †cvlvK cwieZ©b bv K‡i| †h †h Ae ’vq Av‡Q †mB Ae ’vq †hb wRnv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z n‡q hvq|Õ gvÎ mvZ gvBj ~‡i AvK‚ov‡Z AZ¨vPvix wkL ivRv ibwRr-Gi †mbvcwZ eya wms

8wU Kvgvbmn `k nvhvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q wkwei †M‡o‡Q †ò nvhvi `xbnxb gyRvwn‡ì gyKvwejv Kivi Rb¨|199 †c‡kvqv‡ii bI‡kiuv GjvKvB wQj wkL wbh©vZ‡bi g~j Drm ’j|200 ïi“ nÕj †mvqv cuvP eQi e¨vcx wRnv` I kvnv`‡Zi i³ iwÄZ RvbœvZx BwZnvm| yf©vM¨ GB †h, AwaKvsk ’v‡bB ’vbxq gymwjg m ©vi‡ì

wek¦vmNvZKZv Mvhx‡ì †ekx ¶wZ K‡iwQj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ÔBmjvwgqvZÕ-Gi PvB‡Z ÔAvdMvwbqvZÕ Ges eskxq I AvÂwjK RvZxqZvev` †ekx wµqvkxj wQj| d‡j ˆmq` Avngv‡ì wRnv‡ì Zvrch© eyS‡Z Zviv e¨_© n‡qwQj| hy×¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kej 1g I 2q hy×wU mivmwi wkL‡ì mv‡_ nq| evKx cÖvq me¸‡jv hy× wek¦vmNvZK ’vbxq gymwjg m ©vi‡ì mv‡_ mivmwi A_ev Bs‡iR-wkL-gymwjg wgwjZ kw³ wKsev wkL-gymwjk †hŠ_ evwnbxi wei“‡× cwiPvwjZ nq| [µgk] [†jLK : cÖ‡dm i W. gyn v ¤§v ` Av m v yj−v n Av j-M vw je cÖY x Z ÔAv n ‡jn v `x Q Av ‡›`v jb : DrcwË I µg w eKv k , `w¶ Y Gwkqv i †cÖw ¶ Zm n Õ kxl©K MÖš ’| c„t 259-264 ]

197. cÖv¸³ c„t 264-67| 198. cÖv¸³ c„t 1268, 270| 199. cÖv¸³ c„t 332| 200. Avey Bqvn&Bqv Bgvg Lvb bIkvnivex, ÔZvivwR‡g Ijvgv‡q nv`xQ wn›`Õ (jvqvjcyi-cvwK —vbt Rv‡gqv mvjvwdBqvn, 2q ms¯‹iY, 1391/1981) c„t 105|


35

Avãy j−vwn j Kv dx Av j-Kzivq kx (in t) cÖ Ë fvl Y

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wn‡ ›` Avn‡ j nv`xQ Av‡ ›`vj ‡ bi Bj gx mb` : nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i wek¦ — I mycÖwm× MÖš’ gvkv‡iKzj AvbIqv‡ii m¼jwqZv jv‡nv‡ii weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ Bgvg nvmvb web gynv¤§v` web nvmvb web nvq`vi QvMvbx (577-650 wnt) ZvevKv‡Zi MÖš’mg~‡n Dwj−wLZ wek¦-wekÖ“Z cyi“l| wZwb evM`v‡ì LjxdvM‡Yi †`ŠZKv‡h© eûevi w`j−x MgbvMgb K‡ib| evM`v‡`B Zuvnvi g„Zz NwUqvwQj| Zuvnvi nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ cÖMvp AbyivM Ges wbw ©ó `jxq gvhnve Abymi‡Yi cÖwZ AkÖ×vi K_v wZwb Zuvnvi MÖ‡š’B D‡j−L Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb| wn‡›ì mwnZ Zuvnvi Bjgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi weeiY Avwg wekìƒ‡c AeMZ nB‡Z cvwi bvB| Zuvnvi c‡i c‡iB A_©vr kvqLyj Bmjvg ZvK¡xDÏxb Be‡b Zvqwgqvni (661-728 wnt) mgmvgwqK Avi GKRb Abb¨ mvaviY cÖwZfvm¤úbœ wn‡›` Avn‡jnv`xQ gynvwÏ‡Qi bvg BwZnv‡mi c„óv‡K D¾¡j Kwiqv ivwLqv‡Q| Avj−vgv nvwdh Aveyj Lv‡qi bvRgyÏxb mvC` web Ave`yj−vn Rvjvjx †`njfx (712-741 wnt), Bgvg Be‡b Zvqwgqvni QvÎ Bgvg kvgmyÏxb Avh-hvnvex (673-748 wnt), nvwdh kvgmyÏxb gynv¤§v` web Avng` web Avãyj nv`x Avj-gvK¡‡`mx (706-744 wnt) cÖf„wZi DmZvh wQ‡jb| wiRvj kv‡ ¿i Bgvgiƒ‡c hvnvexi L¨vwZi K_v Kvnv‡iv Awew`Z bvB, wKš‘ Be‡b Avãyj nv`xI ¶YRb¥v cyi“l wQ‡jb| ¯xq ¸i“ Be‡b Zvqwgqvn‡K mg_©b Kwiqv wZwb nvwdh ZvK¡xDÏxb myeKxi (683-756 wnt) wei“‡× †jLbx aviY KwiqvwQ‡jb| nvwKg Aveyj dhj hvqbyÏxb Avãyi inxg BivK¡x (720-806 wnt) Be‡b Avãyj nv`xi QvÎ wQ‡jb| Avi BivK¡xi QvÎ wQ‡jb kvqLyj Bmjvg nvwdh wknveyÏxb Aveyj dhj Avng` web Avjx web nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (773-852 wnt)| Be‡b nvRv‡ii `yB Rb QvÎ mgwaK cÖwm× jvf K‡ib| GKRb nB‡Z‡Qb nvwdh kvgmyÏxb gynv¤§` web Avãyi ingvb Avg-mvLvex (831-902 wnt), wØZxq e¨w³i bvg kvqLyj Bmjvg Avey BqvnBqvv hvKvwiqv web gynv¤§v` AvbQvix (826-926 wnt)| Kbhyj D¤§vj bvgK nv`xQ‡Kvl (Encyclopaedia) m¼jwqZv hyM cÖeZ©K Avj−vgv kvqL IqvwjDj−vn Avjx web ûmvgyÏxb Avj-gyËvK¡x (885-975 wnt) mvLvexi QvÎ Ges †RŠbcy‡ii Awaevmx wQ‡jb| wbw`©ó gvhnv‡ei (School) Abymi‡Yi cÖwZ Akª×v Ges ivm~jyj−vn&i (Qvt) nv`xQ‡K mKj Ae ’vq AMÖMY¨ Kivi ixwZ †RŠbcyixi A‡bK c~‡e© A_v©r Bgvg Be‡b

Zvqvwgqvni mgmvgwqK Avi GKRb cyi“lwmsn wn›` f~wg‡Z cÖPwjZ KwiqvwQ‡jb| Zuvnvi bvg myjZvbyj gvkv‡qL Avj−vgv kvqL wbhvgyÏxb gynv¤§v` web Avngv` web Avjx Avj-eyLvix †`njfx| Bwb mvavi‡Yi wbKU wbhvgyÏxb AvDwjqv bv‡g cÖwm×| ev`vq~b kn‡i 634 wnRixi mdi gv‡m Rb¥ MÖnY Kwiqv 725 wnRixi 18 iweDj AvDIqvj Zvix‡L wZwb w`j−x‡Z ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Zuvnvi wkl¨gÊjxi g‡a¨ †MŠ‡oi kvqL wmivRyÏxb IQgvb Ab¨Zg| kvqL AvjvDÏxb jv‡nvix Zuvnvi QvÎ wQ‡jb| Z`xq cyÎ ¯bvgab¨ kvqL b~i KzZy‡e ÔAvjg 813 wnRix‡Z cvÊyqvq ci‡jvKevmx nb| †RŠbcyixi wn›`x QvÎgÊjxi g‡a¨ kvqL Avãyj nK¡ †`njfxi (958-1052 wnt) D —vh kvqL Avãyj Iqvn&nve gy —vKx eyinvbcyix (g„Z 936 wnt), nv`x‡Qi kã‡Kvl gvRgvEj wenvi I ZvhwKivZzj gvIhyÔAvZ cÖf„wZ MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv kvqL gynv¤§v` Zv‡ni cvÆvbx bn&iIqvjx (914-980 wnt) I kvqL KzZzeyÏxb gynv¤§v` web AvjvDÏxb Avngv` bn&iIqvjx (g„Z 988 wnt) wekl fv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| cvÆvbx we`ÔAv‡Zi cÖwZ‡iva Kwi‡Z wMqv NvZ‡Ki n‡ — knx` nb| bn&iIqvjxi `yBRb QvÎ we‡klfv‡e K…wZZ¡ AR©b K‡ib| h_v : Avj−vgv kvqL Aveyj gvÔAvex wmÜx (g„Z 1088 wnt) I myeY© (Avngvi) Avãyj−vn web †gvj−v mvÔAv`yj−vn jv‡nvix| 1083 wnRix‡Z †nRvh f~wg‡Z ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Zuvnvi 49 ermi c~‡e© gyRvwÏ‡` AvjdzQ&Qvwbi we‡qvM N‡U| Zuvnvi mwnZ gyRvwÏ‡ì mv¶vrKv‡ii †Kvb HwZnvwmK cÖgvY Avwg msMÖn Kwi‡Z cvwi bvB| Avj−vgv gyRvwÏ‡ì D —vhM‡Yi g‡a¨ Avãyi ingvb web dvnv`, †gvj−v KvgvjyÏxb Kvwk¥ix cÖf„wZi mwnZ †RŠbcyix wmjwmjvi †Kvbiƒc †hvMv‡hvM wQj wKbv ZvnvI Avgvi Rvbv bvB| gyRvwÏ‡ì evOvjx wkl¨gÊjxi g‡a¨ ea©gv‡bi kvqL nvgx` g½j‡KvUx mev©waK cÖwm×| G K_v evisevi ejv nBqv‡Q †h, `je›`xi (gvhnve) †eovRvj‡K wQbœ Kwiqv wew¶ß I wef³ gymwjg RvwZ‡K KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi †K‡›`ª GK gnvRvwZiƒ‡c mg‡eZ Kiv Avn‡ j nv`xQ Av‡ ›`vj b-Gi Ab¨Zg j¶¨| cÖ_g mnmªK nB‡Z ivóªxq cZ‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ MZvbyMwZKZv I `jxq MÊxi cÖfve gymjgvbM‡Yi mgvR I ag©Rxe‡b Giƒc `„pfv‡e Pvwcqv ewmqvwQj †h, †kªYx‡f` I AÜ Abymi‡Yi eÜb‡K A¯xKvi Kivi K_v D”PviY KivI gnvcvc we‡ewPZ nBZ| Bnv ¯Ztwm×iƒ‡c gvb¨ Kwiqv jIqv nBqvwQj †h cÖPwjZ Pvwi gvhnve : nvbvdx, kv‡dqx, gv‡jKx I nv¤jxi g‡a¨ ïay GKwU‡KB AeavwiZiƒ‡c eiY Kwiqv jIqv IqvwRe| hyM cÖeZ©K Avjx gyËvK¡x g°vq †h `vi“jnv`xQ cÖwZôv KwiqvwQ‡jb Ges gyRvwÏ‡` AvjdzQ&Qvwb mybœv‡Zi cybtcÖwZôvK‡í ms¯‹v‡ii †h Zzh©aŸwb KwiqvwQ‡jb, GZ`yf‡qi Kj¨v‡Y MZvbyMwZKZv I gvhnv‡ei RMÏj cÖ —i `ªexf~Z nB‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| Bj‡g nv`x‡Qi cweÎ cik jvf

c ~e©m~ix‡ ì †j Lbx †_‡ K


36

Kivi d‡j ZvK¡jx`-Dhi wn›` f~wg‡ZI gv‡S gv‡S gyw³ I we‡`ªv‡ni S¼vi ïbv hvB‡Z _v‡K| kvqLyj Bmjvg Be‡b nvRv‡ii Aci QvÎ hvKvwiqv AvbQvix nvwdh bvRgyÏxb gynv¤§v` web Avngv` AvjwMZx †mKv›`vixi (910-984 wnt) D —vh wQ‡jb| bvRgyÏx‡bi yBRb QvÎ kqL wknveyÏxb Avngv` web Ljxj mye&Kx I Aveyb&bvRvÔ mvwjg web Avngv` web mvjvgvn web BmgvCj gvhvnx Avhnvix mye&Kxi Ges kvqL kvgmyÏxb gynv¤§v` web AvjvDÏxb wgQix evejx (g„Z 1077 wnt) wmb‡nvixi QvÎ wQ‡jb| RMZ-cÖwm× Av‡jg, gv`xbvi ¯bvgab¨ gynvwÏQ kvqL RvgvjyÏxb Avãyj−vn web mv‡jg eQix (1049-1134 wnt) I kvqL Avngv` web gynv¤§v` bvLjx evejxi wewkó QvÎ Ges evejx, gvhvnx I myeY© jv‡nvix we`¨vi wÎ‡mªvZv m½g jvf KwiqvwQj Avj−vgv kvqL eyinvbyÏxb Beivnxg web nvmvb web wknveyÏxb KzÏxi (1025-1102 wnt) wfZi| Beivnxg KzÏxicyÎ Avj−vgv kvqL Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§v` gv`vbx (g„Z 1145 wnt) ¯xq wcZv I Avãyj−vn web mvjvgv eQix I kvqL Avngv` bvLjxi Ávb I we`¨veËvi cÖK…Z DËivwaKvix wQ‡jb| DËiKv‡j Avãyj−vn web mv‡jg eQix I Avey Zv‡ni gv`vbxi QvÎe„›`B †nRvh, bR`, Bqvgvb I wn›`f~wg‡Z behy‡Mi iPwqZv I Avn‡j nv`xQ Av‡ ›`vj b-Gi AMÖbvq‡K cwiYZ nBqvwQ‡jb| Avãyj−vn web mv‡jg emixi QvÎgÊjxi g‡a¨ Avj−vgv kvqL gynv¤§v` nvqvr wmÜx (g„Z 1163 wnt) eyLvixi UxKv †jLK Avj−vgv kvqL Aveyj b~i“Ïxb gynv¤§v` web Avãyj nv`x wmÜx (g„Z 1139 wnt) I AvjnvR kvqL gynv¤§v` Avdhvj wmqvj‡KvUx we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Bqvg‡bi mycÖwm× ms¯‹viK I Avn‡jnv`xQ Bgvg ˆmq` gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj mvjvn QvbÔAvbx (1011-1182 wnt) I wn‡›ì Avn‡jnv`xQ Bgvg û¾vZzj Bmjvg kvqL Avngv` IqvwjDj−vn KzZyeyÏxb web Avãyi iwng †`njfx (1114-1176 wnt) Avãyj−vn web mv‡jg I Avey Zv‡ni gv`vbx Df‡qi QvÎ wQ‡jb| gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj Aveyj nvmvb wmÜxi wbKU nB‡ZI we`¨vjvf KwiqvwQ‡jb| gynv¤§v` nvqvr wmÜxi QvÎgÊjxi g‡a¨ myKwe I gynvwÏQ Avj−vgv kvqL gynv¤§v` dv‡Li Bjvnvev`x (1120-1164 wnt) bvR‡ì eû wekÖ“Z Iqvn&nvex Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZôvZv Avj−vgv kvqL gynv¤§v` web Avãyj Iqvn&nve bvR`x Zgxgx (1115-1171 wnt) I Bqvgv‡bi Avj−vgv ˆmq` Avãyj Kv‡ì web Avngv` web Avãyj Kv‡ì web Avb-bv‡Qi web Avãyj ie mvbÔAvbx (1135-1207 wnt) Bmjvg RM‡Z behy‡Mi `xcvjx m „k| AvjnvR kvqL gynv¤§v` Avdhvj wmqvj‡KvUxi QvÎ wQ‡jb Avj−vgv Kvhx QvbvDj−vn cvwbc_xi `x¶v¸i“ wn›`-†MŠie gxihv gvhnvi Rv‡b Ruvwe‡b gxihv Rvb †`njfx| Avj−vgv ˆmq` Avãyj Kv‡ì QvbÔAvbx Bqvgv‡bi Avn‡jnv`xQM‡Yi Bgvg weL¨vZ DQ~jx I gynvwÏQ mycÖwm× wdK¡ûj nv`xQ

bvqjyj AvIZvi I Avm&mvqjyj RveŸvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ eû MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv gynv¤§v` web Avjx kvIK¡vbxi (1173-1250 wnt) D —vhM‡Yi Ab¨Zg| wn‡›ì Avn‡jnv`xQ wk¶KM‡Yi wbKU nB‡Z Zuvnvi D —vh †h †cÖiYv jvf KwiqvwQ‡jb, wZwb Zuvnvi Dchy³ AwaKvix I aviK wQ‡jb| cieZ©xKv‡j wn‡›ì

Avn‡ j nv`xQ Av‡ ›`vj b Zuvnvi cÖ Ë †cÖiYvi wKfv‡e ewjô nBqv DwVqvwQj wKQy¶Y c‡iB Zvnv Rvbv hvB‡e| û¾vZzj Bmjvg Avngv` AwjDj−vn †`njfxi weivU wkl¨ evwnbxi g‡a¨ wbgœwjwLZ e¨w³MY D‡j−L‡hvM¨ : Z`xq cyÎMY h_v kvn Avãyj Avhxh gynvwÏQ (1101-1239 wnt), kvn idxDÏxb (g„Z 1249 wnt), kvn Avãyj Kv‡ì (g„Z 242 wnt), kvn Avãyj MYx (g„Z 227 wnt), Kvhx mvbvDj−vn gvhnvix cvwbc_x (g„Z 1227 wnt), Aviex kã‡Kvl ZvRyj Diƒ‡mi m¼wjqZv ˆmq` gZ©yhv †ejMÖvgx hvwe`x (Bwb kvqL gynv¤§v` dv‡Li Bjvnvev`x Ges ˆmq` Avãyj Kv‡ì QvbÔAvbxiI QvÎ wQ‡jb), GB my‡Î Bgvg kvIKvbxi mnva¨vqx åvZv nB‡Zb| wZwb GKkZ wnRixi ci wgQ‡i ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| †ìvmvZzj jvexe MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv gynv¤§v`

gyCb wmÜx, kvqL gynv¤§v` Avwgb dzjZx (Bwb kvn Qv‡n‡ei Nwbô AvZ¥xq I we‡kl f³ wQ‡jb,

Zuvnvi Aby‡ivaµ‡gB kvn Qv‡ne Zuvnvi Agi MÖš’ û¾vZzj−vwnj ev‡jMv iPbv KwiqvwQ‡jb, kvqL iwdDÏxb gyiv`vev`x gvIjvbv Lvqi“Ïxb myiZx, kvqL Rvi“j−vn web Avãyj inxg jv‡nvix gv`vbx, ˆmq` gynv¤§v` Avey mC` †eªjfx (Avgxi ˆmq`

Avngv` †eªjfxi wcZvgn)| gymbv`yj wn›`y, Bgvgyj gydvm&wmixb kvn Avãyj Avhxh gynvwÏQ †`njfxi QvÎgÊjxi g‡a¨ Z`xq Kwbô åvZv, ZviRvgvZzj KziAvb kvn iwdDÏxb åvZz®úyÎ gyRvwÏ‡` Bmjvg Avj−vgv gynv¤§v` BmgvCj knx` (1193-1246 wnt), Avgxi“j gy‡gbxb ˆmq` Avngv` †eªjfx (1101-1246 wnt), fvwM‡b

Avj−vgvZzj wn›` kvn gynv¤§v` BmnvK (1192-1262 wnt), kvn gynv¤§v` BqvKze

(g„Z 1283 wnt), kvn Avãyj nvB eyinvbcyix (g„Z 1243 wnt), gydZx mvì“Ïxb Lvb †`njfx (g„Z

1285 wnt), gxi gvne~e Avjx †`njfx, ˆmq` Avãyj Lv‡jK, kvn dhjyi ingvb MÄ gyqv`vev`x, gvIjvbv Lyi&ig Avjx ˆmq`, nvqì Avjx ivgcyix, gyRvwn`, gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Avjx ivgcyix, gyRvwn`, Avj-dzm&mvbxi cÖ‡cŠÎ kvn Avey mvC` gvIjvbv mvjvgvZzj−vn ev`vq~bx, gvIjvbv ˆmq` AvIjv` nvmvb †K‡bœvRx (1210-1253 wnt), kvqL Avãyj nK¡ gynvwÏQ evbvivmx (1206-1286 wnt), Avj−vgv Avmv` Avjx PÆMÖvg I gvIjvbv BgvgyÏxb †bvqvLvjx nvRxcyi, mvÔAv`yj−vcyi wbevmx we‡klfv‡e cÖwmw× jvf Kwiqv‡Qb| gyRvwÏ‡` Bmjvg Avj−vgv BmgvC‡ji mg — Rxeb mwµq ivRbxwZ PP©v Ges wRnv‡ì Kv‡h© AwZevwnZ nBqvwQj ewjqv


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QvÎe„‡›ì msL¨v e„w× nB‡Z cv‡i bvB| Zuvnvi ev½vjx QvÎe„‡›ì g‡a¨ knx‡ì †ek¨vcj−xi Zvejx‡Mi mnPi gvIjvbv AvãyQ Qvgv` ev½vjx I bIkn&iv hy‡×i knx` eiKZzj−vn ev½vjx †Kvb& ’v‡bi Awaevmx wQ‡jb Zvnv Avwg Rvwb‡Z cvwi bvB| Zuvnviv Qvov Avj−vgv knx‡ì QvÎgÊjxi g‡a¨ ea©gv‡bi Avj−vgv whj−yi inxg g½j‡KvUx I cvUbvi Qvw`Kcy‡ii Awaevmx KzZzeyj wgj−vZ Iqv`& xb gvIjvbv wejv‡qZ Avjx (1205-1269 wnt) web dvZ‡n Avjx web IqvwiQ Avjx web †gvj−v gynv¤§v` mvC` web Kvhx Avãyj−vn me©vwaK D‡j−L‡hvM¨| gvIjvbv †ejv‡qZ Avjx wenv‡ii weL¨vZ mvaK gvL`yg BqvBqvi gybvqixi eskai| Avgxi ˆmq` Avngv` †eªjfxi ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ huvnviv ¯xKvi KwiqvwQ‡jb Ges huvnviv Zuvnvi gš¿wkl¨ wQ‡jb A_ev Zuvnvi wgk‡bi mwnZ huvnv‡ì mv¶vrfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM wQj, Zuvnv‡ì msL¨v wbY©q Kiv `ytmva¨| Zuvnvi Rxebx †jLKMY Z`xq ev½vjx mnKg©x I wklë„‡›ì Av‡jvPbv Ges Zuvnv‡ì AvZ¥`vb Kvwnbx G‡Kev‡iB D‡c¶v Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv Avwg Zuvnvi cwðg †`kxq mn‡hvMx I AbyPiMY A‡c¶v evsjvi gš¿wkl¨ I AbymvixM‡Yi †ekx Kwiqv D‡j−L Kwie| gyRvwÏ` Avj−vgv BmgvCj knx`, Avj−vgv kvn gynv¤§v` BmnvK †`njfx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` BqvKze, gvIjvbv Avãyj nvB, gvIjvbv †ejv‡qZ Avjx, gvIjvbv Bbv‡qZ Avjx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Avjx, kvqL nvexeyj−vn Kv›`vnvix (gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` `vD` Mhbfx Qv‡n‡ei wcZvgn gvIjvbv Avãyj−vn Mvhbfxi D —vh) I gvIjvbv nvRx Bg`v`yj−vn (gvIjvbv ikx` Avngv` Mvs‡Mvnx I gvIjvbv gvngy yj nvmvb †Ìe›`xi gš¿¸i“)| ev½vj x wkl¨ gvIjvbv AvãyQ Qvgv` ev½vjx, eiKZzj−vn ev½vjx (cvÄv‡ei cÖ_g wRnv` bIkn&ivi knx`, 20 †k Rvgvw`j AvDIqvj, 1242 wnt), Avj−vgv whj−yi inxg-ea©gvb, gvIjvbv BgvgyÏxb-†bvqvLvjx, kvn b~i gynv¤§v` wbhvgcyi PÆMÖvg (dzidzivi cxi kvn mydx AveyeKi Qv‡n‡ei gš¿¸i“ kvn mydx dvZ‡n Avjx Qv‡n‡ei D —vh), ˆmq` wbmvi Avjx Di‡d wZZzgxi-24 ciMYv, Puv`cyi nvq`vicyi gvIjvbv gvbQzi“i ingvb web Avãyj−vn web bvIqve RvgvjyÏxb AvbQvix, XvKv (eskv‡ji giûg gvIjvbv Avãyj ReŸvi AvbQvixi wcZv), nvwdh RvgvjyÏxbÑXvKv, wii“qv, KvwjMÄ Mvhx iCmyÏxb Lvb-24 ciMYv, nvwKgcyi, gybkx gynv¤§v` hvgvb, ea©gvb, †PŠNwiqv, gybkx Avgxi“ÏxbÑKwjKvZv, †e‡jNvUv, nvRx gynv¤§v` ûmvBb-cvebv, gvIjvbv wmivRyÏxb-cvebv, wmivRMÄ, kvnevhcyi, nvwdh AvgvbZzj−vn, nvRx Avhnvi“Ïxb, Bbvgyj nK¡, Q~dx AvhxhyÏxb, gvIjvbv AvjxgyÏxb (KwjKvZvi †jvqvi mviKzjvi †iv‡Wi m‡½ Zuvnvi bvgxq c_ mshy³ Av‡Q), gvIjvbv nvRx inxgyÏxb, kvn ivm~j gynv¤§v` I nvwdh RvgvjyÏxb (Bnvi bv‡g †jvqvi wPrcyi †ivW KwjKvZvq GKwU eo gmwR` Av‡Q)| †k‡lv³ e¨w³M‡Yi wek` cwiPq Avwg D×vi Kwi‡Z cvwi bvB| wnRvh åg‡Yi mg‡q nvwdhyj eyLvix Avj−vgv kvqL Avngv` web Bìxm Avj-ûmvBbx Avj-Bìxmx (1214-1253 wnt), ˆmq` nvghv gv°x, ˆmq` AvK¡xj gv°x, gydZx kvqL gynv¤§v` web Igi

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f~wgK v : evsjv‡`k Avgv‡ì wcÖq gvZ…f~wg| 1971 mv‡j A‡bK Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v, PovB-DrivB‡qi ga¨ w`‡q Avgv‡ì G †`k ¯vaxb n‡q‡Q| Avi ¯vaxbZv hy‡× fvi‡Zi f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© mK‡j IqvwKdnvj| Ô`w¶Y Gwkqvq AvwacZëv`x I m¤úªmviYev`x `Lj`vi kw³ wnmv‡e Avwef©ve nIqvi nxb ¯v‡_© fviZ gyw³hy‡× mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| 71-Gi gyw³hy‡× fviZ Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj GK_v A¯xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB, wKš‘ fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯vaxb kw³kvjx †`k wnmv‡e †`Lvi j‡¶¨ bq, eis kw³kvjx gymwjg ivóª cvwK —vb †f‡½ GKwU AvwkÖZ ivóª wnmv‡e cvevi j‡¶¨ Õ71-Gi gyw³hy‡× mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| Zvi eo cÖgvY Õ71-G fviZ wb‡Ri nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq †c‡q gywRebM‡ii A ’vqx evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K fvi‡Zi mv‡_ †Mvcbxq Amg 7 `dv Pzw³ Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡iwQj| G Pzw³ 7 `dv Pzw³ bv‡g L¨vZ|201 P zw³i kZ©mg~n : `dv-1 : hviv mwµqfv‡e gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Q, ïay ZvivB cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v c‡` wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Z cvi‡e| evKx‡ì PvKwiPz Z Kiv n‡e Ges †mB k~b¨ c` c~iY Ki‡e fviZxq cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©viv| `dv-2 : evsjv‡`k ¯vaxb nIqvi ci cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K fviZxq ˆmb¨ evsjv‡`‡k Ae ’vb Ki‡e (wKš‘ KZw`b Ae ’vb Ki‡e Zvi mgqmxgv wba©viY Kiv nqwb)| 1972 mv‡ji b‡f¤i gvm †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i cÖwZ eQi G m¤ú‡K© cybt wbix¶‡Yi Rb¨ yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ êVK AbywôZ n‡e| `dv-3 : evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb wbR¯ †mbvevwnbx _vK‡e bv| `dv-4 : Af¨š—ixY AvBb k„sLjv i¶vi Rb¨ gyw³evwnbx‡K †K›`ª K‡i GKwU c¨vivwgwjwkqv evwnbx MVb Kiv n‡e| `dv-5 : m¤¢ve¨ fviZ-cvwK —vb hy‡× AwabvqKZ¡ w`‡eb fviZxq †mbvevwnbx cÖavb, gyw³evwnbxi me©vwabvqK bb Ges hy×Kvjxb gyw³evwnbx fviZxq evwnbxi AwabvqK‡Z¡ _vK‡e| `dv-6 : yÕ‡`‡ki evwYR¨ n‡e †Lvjv evRvi (open merket) wfwËK| Z‡e evwY‡Rï cwigvY n‡e eQi wfwËK Ges hvi cvIbv †mUv ÷vwjs‡q cwi‡kva Kiv n‡e| `dv-7 : wewfbœ iv‡óªi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i cÖ‡kœ evsjv‡`k ciivóª gš¿Yvjq fviZxq ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i Pj‡e Ges fviZ hZ ~i cv‡i G e¨vcv‡i evsjv‡`k‡K mnvqZv w`‡e| A ’vqx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c‡¶ D³ mvZ `dv †Mvcb Pzw³‡Z ¯v¶i K‡ib ZrKvjxb A ’vqx ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRi“j Bmjvg| djkÖ“wZ‡Z gyw³hy× †k‡l wgÎevwnbx cÖvq 60 nvhvi †KvwU UvKvi gvjvgvj Ges wgj-KviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ jyU K‡i m`¨ ¯vaxbZv AR©bKvix wkï ivóª‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c c½y K‡i ciwbf©ikxj Kivi nxb loh‡š¿ wjß n‡qwQj| d‡j bxie `k©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Kiv Qvov evsjv‡`k miKvi ev gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Kivi wKQzB wQj bv|

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ejv evûj¨, AvR‡K evsjv‡`‡ki D™¢U Kvwnbxi gvi`v½v Qwe, ¯í †cvkv‡Ki bvwqKv wbf©i bMœ I Aa©bMœ ÷vBj Ges hveZxq Ak−xjZvq ficyi †hme Qwe wbwg©Z n‡”Q Zv A‡bKvs‡k fviZxq Pjw”PÎ Øviv cÖfvweZ| evsjv‡`k Zv‡ì A‡bK Pjw”P‡Îi AbyKiY K‡i _v‡K| ïay ZvB bq eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ wUwf P¨v‡b‡j wUwf wmwiqvj wbwg©Z n‡”Q fviZxq wUwf wmwiqv‡ji Av`‡j| GKUv mgq wQj, hLb ms¯‹…wZi †bvsiv `„k¨ †`‡L bvK wQUKv‡Zb mgv‡Ri 204. b~iRvnvb web‡Z Avãyj gwR` : wgwoqv AvMÖvm‡bi Ke‡j Bmjvg I

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205. gvmD` Avngv`, AvaywbK ms¯‹…wZ : GKwU mgx¶v gvwmK g`xbv-XvKv, wW‡m¤i 2003,c„: 19 |

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208. ˆ`wbK bqvw`Mš—, XvKv, 21 A‡±vei-2013 cÖ_g c„t-2 Kjvg-2| 209. cÖv¸³| 210. gvmD` Avngv`- AvaywbK ms¯‹…wZ t GKwU mgx¶v gvwmK g`xbv,

wW‡m¤i 2003, c„:11|


43

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Ae BmjvwgK _Ü KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ, Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ : wePvh© welq I P¨v‡jÄmg~n , c„t 66|

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(gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK) 14Zg el© 2q msL v, b‡f¤i 2010 c„:40|


44

[fviZxq †Mv‡q›`v Kg©KZv© W. gynv¤§v` ûhvqdv (ivRKzgvi) wQ‡jb GK K‡Ævicš’x wn› y| Zvi cwievi wkw¶Z nIqvq gymjgvb‡ì wei“×vPi‡Y wQj wm×n —| †Kvb GK wn› y cwiev‡ii Bmjvg MÖnY‡K †K› ª K‡i msNwUZ NUbvi cwi‡cw¶‡Z Zvi Bmjvg MÖnY| fvi‡Zi dzjv‡Zi R‰bK GK Av‡j‡gi `vIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g wZwb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Zvi ¿xI Bmjvg‡K Avwj½b K‡ib| wbtmš—vb ivRKzgvi Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi ci Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡i GK cyÎ mš—vb I Kb¨v mš—vb jvf K‡ib| ïaygvÎ Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y wZwb PvKzix †_‡K eiLv — nb| hwÌ cieZx©‡Z cybivq PvKzix‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| fvi‡Zi gyhvddibMi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ gvwmK D ~© cwÎKv ÔAvigyMvbÕ 2006 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m cÖKvwkZ nq| Zvi mv¶vrKvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© g‡b K‡i g~j mv¶vrKvi †_‡K wKQz ms‡¶c K‡i Dc ’vcb Kiv nj| mnKvix m¤úv`K]

Avngv` AvIqvn : Avm-mvj vg Ô Avj vBKyg Iqv i ngvZyj −v-wn Iqv evivKv -Zyn|

W±i gynv¤ §v` ûh vqd v : Iqv ÔAvjvBKygym mvjvgy Iqv ingvZyj−v-wn Iqv evivKv-Zyn| Avngv` AvIqvn : Avj −vn&i nvh vi ï Kwiqv †h , Avc wb G‡ m‡ Qb | Avc bvi m¤ ú ‡ K© A ‡ bK K_ v ï ‡ bwQ| Avc bvi Bmj vg M Ön‡ Yi L ei ï ‡ b Avc bvi m‡ ½ mv¶ vr Ki‡ Z Avwg L yeB D` MÖxe wQj vg | Avj −vn †m mv¶ vr Kwi‡ q w`‡ j b | W±i gynv¤ §v` ûh vqd v : w`j−x‡Z GK miKvix Kv‡R G‡mwQjvg| gvIjvbv Qv‡n‡ei †dvb †Zv cvB bv| aviYv Kijvg, †dvb K‡i †`wL| hw` dyjv‡Z (fvi‡Zi GKwU ’v‡bi bvg) _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j †`Lv K‡i hve| eûw`b hver

†`Lv mv¶vr bv nIqvi ì“Y LyeB Aw ’i wQjvg| †dvb K‡i Rvb‡Z cvijvg, wZwb w`j−x‡ZB Av‡Qb| Avgvi Rb¨ Gi †P‡q Lywki welq Avi Kx n‡Z cv‡i †h, w`j−x‡ZB Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv n‡q †Mj| Avgvi Avj−vn&i cig AbyMÖn †h, ivgvhv‡bi Av‡MB †`Lv n‡q †Mj| †Kbbv (gvbwmK) Aw ’iZvI `~i n‡q †Mj, Avevi Cgv‡bi e¨vUvixI PvR© n‡q †Mj| mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡gI gvIjvbv Qv‡n‡ei m‡½ AskMÖnY Kivi my‡hvM nÕj| A‡bK mvš—¡bvI †cjvg| Avj-nvg`ywjj−vn| Avngv` AvIqv n : ûh vqd v Qv‡ ne! Avwg GKUv D‡ Ïk¨ wb‡ q Avc bvi m‡ ½ †` L v Ki‡ Z P vw” Qj vg| A vgv‡ ì GB d yj vZ †_ ‡ K ÔAvigyM vb Õ bv‡ g GKwU gvwmK g¨vM vwRb † ei nq |

Avc wb m¤ ¢eZ Rv‡ bb I| G Rb ¨ Avc bvi GKwU m v¶ vr Kvi wb‡ Z P vB, h v‡ Z K‡ i h viv `vIqvZx KvR K‡ ib Zviv G †_ ‡ K A‡ bK w`K-wb‡ ©kbv cvb | we‡ kl K‡ i Avc bvi mv¶ vr Kv‡ ii Øviv fq-fxwZ n«v m c vq I Dr mvn Aby‡ c ÖiYv ev‡ o| W±i gynv¤ §v` ûh vqd v : nu v, Avngv` fvBqv! Avwg ÔAvigyMvbÕ m¤ú‡K© †ek Rvwb| Avwg gvIjvbv Qv‡ne‡K K‡qKevi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡qwQ †h, wZwb †hb D³ cwÎKvi

wn›`x ms¯‹iY †ei K‡ib| Zvn‡j cÖwZeQ‡i Kgc‡¶ cvuPkÕ MÖvnK evbve BbkvAvj−vn! Avwg Rvbjvg †h, †m‡Þ¤i †_‡K wn›`x ms¯‹iY †ei n‡”Q| wKš‘ Rvwb bv †Kb †m‡Þ¤‡i Zv Avi cÖKvwkZ nj bv| Avngv` AvIqvn : BbkvAvj −v n AwZ mZ¡i Zv Avm‡ Q| Avc wb wP š—v Ki‡ eb bv| AveŸ yi v GRb¨ L yeB wP wš—Z| A_ P c wÎKvi Rb¨ †j v‡ Ki `vex I P vwn`v L ye †ekx| W±i gynv¤ §v` ûh vqd v : Avj−vn Ki“b| LeiUv †hb mZ¨ nq| Avngv` fvB, GLb Av‡`k Ki“b Avgvi KvQ †_‡K Kx Rvb‡Z Pvb? Avngv` AvIq vn : Avc bvi c wiP q w`b ? W±i gynv¤ §v` ûh vqd v : 1957 mv‡ji 13B AvM÷ Zvwi‡L c~e© BDwci ew — †hjvi GKwU MÖv‡g Rwg`viM„‡n Avgvi Rb¥| 1977 mv‡j B›UviwgwW‡qU cvm Kwi| Avgvi PvPv BDwc cywj‡k wW.Gm.wc. wQ‡jb| Zvi B”Qvq cywj‡k fwZ© nB| PvKyixiZ Ae ’vq 1982 mv‡j we.Kg cvm Kwi Ges 1984 mv‡j Gg.G Kwi| BDwci 55wU _vbvi BÝ‡c±i-Bb-PvR© _vwK| 1990 mv‡j Avgvi cÖ‡gvkb nq I wmI nB| 1997 mv‡j GKwU †U«wbs‡qi Rb¨ †d¬viv GKv‡Wgx‡Z †h‡Z nq| GKv‡Wwgi WvB‡i±i Rbve G. G. wQwÏKx wQ‡jb Avgvi PvPvi eÜy| wZwb Avgv‡K wµwgb¨v‡jvwR‡Z wc.GBP.wW. Kivi civgk© †`b| Avwg QywU wb‡q 2000 mv‡j wc.GBP.wW. Kwi| 1997 mv‡j PvKyix‡Z m‡e©vËg `¶Zv I K…ZKvh©Zvi (best performance) wfwË‡Z Avgv‡K we‡kl c‡`vbœwZ wnmv‡e wW.Gm.wc c‡` cÖ‡gvkb cÖ vb Kiv nq Ges gyhvddibMi †hjvi cywj‡ki †Mv‡q›`v wefv‡M †cvw÷s †Ìqv nq| Avgvi Kwbô åvZv BwÄwbqvi| GK †evb Av‡Q, hvi we‡q n‡q‡Q GK K‡jR cÖfvl‡Ki m‡½| cwiev‡i †jLvcov †kLvi †iIqvR Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Avwg c~e© BDwci GK †hjv †nW †KvqvU©v‡ii †Mv‡q›`v cywj‡ki cÖavb|

Avngv` A vIqvn : Avc bvi Bmj vg M ÖnY m¤ ú ‡ K© Avgv‡ ì‡ K wKQz ej yb ? W±i gynv¤ §v` ûh vqd v : Avgvi cwievi wkw¶Z| G Kvi‡Y gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ kÎ“Zvq Zviv weL¨vZ| Gi GKwU KviY GUvI †h, Avgv‡ì cwiev‡ii GKwU kvLv AvbygvwbK GKkZ eQi Av‡M Bmjvg Keyj K‡i d‡Zncyi, nuvmIqvn I cÖZvcM‡o wM‡q emwZ ’vcb K‡i| Zviv wQj AZ¨š— cvKv gymjgvb| Gw`‡K Avgv‡ì ew —‡Z wÎk eQi Av‡M ew —i Rwg`vi‡ì †QuvqvQyuwqi R¡vjvq AwZó n‡q AvUwU `wjZ (A¯ú„k¨), A”QyZ, wbey‡Yªi wn›`y cwievi gymjgvb n‡q hvq| GB `yÕwU NUbvq Avgvi cwiev‡i gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ kÎ“Zvi g‡bvfve AviI e„w× cvq| Avgv‡ì Lv›`v‡bi wKQy hyeK MÖv‡g ÔeRis `jÕ-Gi GKwU kvLv Kv‡qg K‡i| cwiev‡ii hyeKivB wQj Gi AwaKvsk m`m¨| Avwg Gme K_v GRb¨ ejjvg †h, †Kvb gvby‡li Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ me‡P‡q we‡ivax cwi‡ek wQj Avgvi| wKš‘ Avj−vn huvi bvg nv`x (†n`vqvZKvix) I

f vi Z xq †M v‡ q›` v K g©K Z ©vi B mj v g MÖn Y : GK bvU K x q K vw n b x ci k cv _i


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inxg (cig `qvjy), wZwb Avcb kv‡bi Kvwikgv †`Lv‡Z Pvw”Q‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡K GK A™¢yZ I Avðh©RbK c_ cÖ k©b K‡ib| Avm‡j n‡qwQj wK, Mvwhqvev` †hjvi cvj †Lvqvn© GKB cwiev‡ii bqRb †jvK gvIjvbvi Kv‡Q G‡m dzjv‡Z gymjgvb nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQj gv-evev, Pvi †g‡q I wZb †Q‡j| †Q‡j wQj weevwnZ| gvIjvbv Qv‡ne Zv‡ì Kv‡jgv co‡Z e‡jb| Zviv e‡j, Avgiv AvURb †Zv GLb Kv‡jgv cowQ| eo †Q‡jwU weevwnZ| Zvi ¿x GLbI gymjgvb n‡Z ivhx bq| †m ivhx n‡jB Avgv‡ì G †Q‡jI GK‡Î K‡jgv co‡e| gvIjvbv Qv‡ne ej‡jb, Rxeb-gi‡Yi Av‡`Š †Kvb fimv †bB| GI GK mv‡_B Kv‡jgv c‡o wbK| GLbB Zv ¿x‡K ejvi ìKvi †bB| Gici ¿x‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi Rb¨

cÖ ‘Z Ki“K| Zvici Avevi ¿xi m‡½ GK‡Î wØZxqev‡ii gZ Kv‡jgv co‡e| gvIjvbv Qv‡ne Zv‡ì mKj‡K Kv‡jgv covb Ges Zv‡ì Aby‡iv‡a mK‡ji Bmjvgx bvgI †i‡L †`b| Zv‡ì GKvš— Aby‡iv‡a GKwU c¨v‡W Zv‡ì Bmjvg MÖnY Ges bZyb bv‡gi mvwU©wd‡KU evwb‡q †`b| Zv‡ì GUvI e‡j †`b †h, AvBbMZ eë ’v MÖnY hiƒix| G Rb¨ kc_bvgv ˆZwi K‡i wWGg‡K †iwRw÷« WvK‡hv‡M cvwV‡q †`‡e Ges †Kvb cwÎKvq †NvlYv cÖ vb h‡_ó n‡e| Giv Lywk n‡q †mLvb †_‡K P‡j hvq Ges AvBbMZ cvKv Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i| ev”Pv‡ì‡K gvìvmvq fwZ© Kwi‡q †`q| AZtci eo †Q‡ji †eŠ welqwU AeMZ nIqvi ci cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ †jvK‡ì e‡j †`q| GK `yÕRb K‡i me©Î G Lei Qwo‡q c‡o| d‡j GjvKvi cwi‡ek DËß n‡q I‡V| wn› y msMVb¸‡jv D‡ËwRZ n‡q D‡V| wUwf P¨v‡b‡ji †jv‡Kiv G‡m hvq| d‡j †`L‡Z bv †`L‡ZB `vevb‡ji gZ PZyw`©‡K G Lei Qwo‡q c‡o| Ôˆ`wbK RvMiYÕ I ÔAgi DRvjvÕ G `yB wn›`x cwÎKvq Pvi Kjvge¨vcx eo eo ni‡d GB Lei Qvcv nq| hvi †nWjvBb wQj, Ô†jvf †`wL‡q ag©vš—Ki‡Y mgMÖ wn› y m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ †¶vf : ag©vš—KiY dzjvZ gvìvmvq n‡q‡QÕ GB Le‡i †MvUv GjvKvq Zxeª D‡ËRbv I DËvc m„wó nq| †m mgq Avgvi †cvw÷s wQj gyhvddibMi| Awdwmqvj `vwqZ¡ QvovI G Le‡i Avgvi wb‡Ri g‡aÏ †µv‡ai mÂvi nq| Avwg Avgvi `yÕRb BÝ‡c±imn dyjvZ †cuŠwQ| †mLv‡b †hme †jv‡Ki m‡½ †`Lv nq, Zuviv AÁZv cÖKvk K‡i Ges e‡j †h, gvIjvbv Qv‡neB †Kej mwVK welq ej‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv Avgv‡ì‡K Avk¦ — K‡ib †h, Avgv‡ì GLv‡b †Kvb †eAvBbx KvR nq bv| gvIjvbv Qv‡n‡ei m‡½ Avcbviv †`Lv Ki“b| wZwb Avcbv‡ì‡K hv mZ¨ ZvB ej‡eb| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K Avgvi †dvb b¤i w`B, †hb gvIjvbv Qv‡n‡ei dyjvZ AvMg‡bi Lei Avgv‡K Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| Z…Zxq w`b dyjv‡Z gvIjvbv Qv‡n‡ei †cÖvMÖvg wQj| 2002 mv‡ji 6B b‡f¤i †ejv GMviUvq Avgiv dyjvZ †cuŠwQ| Zvi m‡½ †`Lv nq| wZwb Lye Avb‡›ì mv‡_ Avgv‡ì m‡½ wgwjZ nb| Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Pv-bvkZvi eë ’v K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Lye Lywk n‡qwQ †h, Avcbviv G‡m‡Qb| Avm‡j †gŠjfx-†gvj−v‡ì I gvìvmv¸‡jv wb‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi AccÖPvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Avwg †Zv Avgvi mv_x‡ì I gvìvmvIqvjv‡ì evievi ewj, cywj‡ki †jvK, wn› y

msMV‡bi `vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³eM©, wm.AvB.wW., wmweAvB-Gi †jvK‡ì Lye †ewk †ewk gvìvmv¸‡jv‡Z †W‡K Avbv ìKvi; eis K‡qK w`b †gngvb wnmv‡e ivLv DwPZ, hv‡Z K‡i Zviv gymjgvb‡ì †fZiKvi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡Z cv‡ib Ges gvìvmv¸‡jvi Kì eyS‡Z cv‡ib| Avwg ejjvg, Avcwb GKw`b Av‡MI G‡mwQ‡jb| Avcbvi Rb¨B AvR G‡mwQ| gvIjvbv Qv‡ne †n‡m ej‡jb, ejyb Avcbvi Kx †mev Ki‡Z cvwi? Avngv` fvB! gvIjvbv Qv‡ne mv¶v‡Zi cÖvi‡¤¢B Ggb Av ’v I fvjevmvi cÖKvk NUv‡jb †h, Avgvi wPš—v-fvebvi avivB cv‡ë †Mj| Avgvi †fZi †µv‡ai Avav fvMI Aewkó wQj bv| Avwg cwÎKv †ei Kijvg Ges Rvb‡Z PvBjvg, G Lei c‡o‡Qb wK? gvIjvbv Qv‡ne ej‡jb, Ôiv‡Î Avgv‡K G cwÎKv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avwg ÔAgi DRvjvÕ-†Z GB Lei c‡owQÕ| Avwg ejjvg, ÔGici G e¨vcv‡i Avcwb Kx e‡jb?Õ gvIjvbv Qv‡ne ej‡jb †h, ÔAvwg GK md‡i hvw”Qjvg| †Zv hLb Mvwo‡Z Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z hvw”Q Ggb mgq GKwU Rxc Mvwo G‡m ùvovj| Avgvi md‡ii Zvov wQj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb ejj, Giv Avgv‡ì fvB| Zviv Zv‡ì evwoi †jvKRbmn gymjgvb n‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ Zviv GK gvm hver †c‡ikvb| Avwg Mvwo †_‡K †b‡g Avwm, Zv‡ì Kv‡jgv covB| Zv‡ì PvcvPvwc‡Z Avwg Zv‡ì Bmjvgx bvgI e‡j w`B Ges Zv‡ì mevB‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi GKwU mvwU©wd‡KUI w`B| Zv‡ì GUvI e‡j w`B †h, AvBbMZ Kvh©µg m¤úbœ n‡j Avcbviv kc_bvgv/njdbvgv ˆZwi K‡i wW.Gg-†K Rvbv‡eb| GKwU cwÎKvq †NvlYv cvVv‡eb| Z‡e AviI fvj nq hw` †hjv †M‡R‡U w`‡q †`b| Zviv Iqv`v Kij †h, KvjB wM‡q Avgiv Gme KvR Kie| Avwg Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ, Zviv Zv m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| gvIjvbv Qv‡ne ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì †`k †mKy jvi ivóª Ges iv‡óªi AvBb-Kvb~b Avcb ag© gvbv I a‡g©i `vIqvZ cÖ v‡bi †gŠwjK AwaKvi Avgv‡ì‡K w`‡q‡Q| KvD‡K Cgv‡bi `vIqvZ †`qv, †KD gymjgvb n‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K Kv‡jgv cov‡bv Avgv‡ì †gŠwjK AvBbMZ I mvsweavwbK AwaKvi| †h AwaKvi AvBb I msweavb Avgv‡ì‡K †`q, †m e¨vcv‡i Avgiv KvD‡K fq cvB bv| Avgiv †R‡b-ey‡S †Kvb †eAvBbx KvR KL‡bv Kwi bv| fyjµ‡g n‡q †M‡j Zvi ms‡kvab I ¶wZc~iY Kivi †Póv Kwi| †jvf †`wL‡q wKsev fxwZ cÖ k©bc~e©K ag© cwieZ©‡bi K_v ej‡Qb? GUv †Zv GK`g †eAvBbx| Avgvi e¨w³MZ aviYv nj GB †h, GB †eAvBbx KvR m¤¢eI bq| ag© cwieZ©b Kiv A_ev Kv‡ivi gymjgvb nIqv Zvi Aš—i-g‡bi wek¦v‡mi cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcvi, hv †jvf-jvjmv ev fq-fxwZi Øviv n‡ZB cv‡i bv| Avcbv‡K Lykx Kivi Rb¨ †KD ej‡Z cv‡i †h, Avwg wn›`y nw”Q A_ev gymjgvb nw”Q| wKš‘ GZ eo wm×vš— wb‡Ri Rxe‡b gvbyl †fZ‡ii Aby‡gv`b Qvov KL‡bv wb‡Z cv‡i bv| wØZxqZ: Gi PvB‡ZI hv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I hiƒix Zv nj, Avwg GKRb gymjgvb| Avi gymjgvb Zv‡K ejv nq, †h mKj mZ¨ K_v‡K gv‡b| Avgv‡ì gvwjK Ges Zuvi †cÖwiZ ivm~j gynv¤§v` (Qvt) huvi m¤ú‡K© GB fyj aviYv we`¨gvb †h, wZwb †Kej gymjgvb‡ì ivm~j Ges Zv‡ì (gymjgvb‡ì) Rb¨


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†M‡j wZwb ÔKuvK-kKzbÕ †`n Lv‡”Q e‡j nv nv K‡i Kuv‡`b| nigyR Avjxi g„Zz i wel‡q wbðqZv †c‡q ciw`b ÔcuvPvÕi Rb¨ A_©vr cuvP w`‡bi Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ MÖv‡g êVK e‡m| Avgv‡ì GjvKvq h‡_ó wn›`y †jvKRb i‡q‡Q| wn›`y I gymwjg Dfq mgv‡R Kv‡iv g„Zz n‡j cuvPv, `kv, Pwj−kvi Abyôvbvw` LyeB ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvjb Kiv nq| we‡kl K‡i gymwjg mgv‡R Kv‡iv g„Zz n‡j Rvbvhvi QvjvZ †kl nIqvi ci Kei ’ Kivi c~‡e©B gvB‡q¨Z‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mevB nvZ Dc‡ii w`‡K Zz‡j we‡kl c×wZ‡Z gybvRvZ Kiv nq| AZtci gxjv`-wK¡qvg I Wvj-Pv‡ji wLPywoi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Zv bv Ki‡j Ke‡i mIqvj-RvIqv‡e mgm¨v n‡q _v‡K| Avi ÔcuvPvÕi Abyôvbvw` bv Ki‡j Ke‡ii wh‡›`Mx‡Z mgm¨v n‡q _v‡K| nigyR Avjxi `k eQ‡ii †Q‡ji c‡¶ evevi ÔcuvPvÕi Abyôvb Kiv m¤¢e bq| cªwZ‡ekxiv Puv`v Zz‡j gxjv`-wK¡qvg I wkiwbi eë ’v K‡ib| D‡j−L¨, Ô`kvÕi Abyôvbvw` wn›`y mgvR gv_v gyÊv‡bv, Dcevm _vKv, Svoy nv‡Z wb‡q Pjv‡divmn †ek ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvjb K‡i| GK gvm †kl nIqvi c~‡e©B ÔPwj−kvÕi Abyôvbvwì Rb¨ GjvKvi MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³iv mfvq e‡mb| wn›`y-gymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l Pwj−kv bv n‡j ciRxe‡b mgm¨v n‡q _v‡K| ZvB mevB Puv`v Zz‡j Pwj−kvi Av‡qvR‡b hLb e¨ —, ZLb AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e nigyR Avjx G‡m nvwhi| Kv‡Ri †Lvu‡R K‡qK gvBj `~‡i wM‡q wZwb GK gv‡mi Pzw³‡Z fvj †eZ‡b GKwU KvR †c‡q hvb| ZvB Zuvi Avm‡Z wej¤^ nq|

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†h j v msev` P uv` c yi 6 †d eª“qvix e „n¯ú wZev i : A`¨ ev` AvQi mì _vbvwab evLicyi KweivRcvov Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` Puv`cyi ÔhyemsNÕ KZ„©K Av‡qvwRZ GK Kgx© mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjb Õ-Gi mfvcwZ gynv¤§v` kwdDj−vni mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb XvKv †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K gynv¤§v` Zvmjxg miKvi| cÖavb Av‡jvPK wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi †K›`ªxq mfvcwZ gyhvddi web gynwmb| Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb XvKv †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi `vwqZ¡kxj kvgmyi ingvb Avhvhx, Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi Kzwgj−v †hjvi cwiPvjK gvIjvbv AvZxKzi ingvb cÖgyL| Abyôv‡bi mÂvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi Kzwgj−v †hjvi mv‡eK mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K †ngv‡qZ †nv‡mb| D³ Abyôv‡b 50 Rb hyeK Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb|

KgiM Övg, Rqc yinvU, 21 †d eª “qvix ï µ evi : A`¨ ev` RygÔAv KgiMÖvg Avn‡jnv`xQ eo Rv‡g gmwR‡` GjvKv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi D‡`¨v‡M GK Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| GjvKv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ gy —vwdhyi ingv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ Av‡jvPbv mfvq cÖavb AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi †K›`ªxq mvaviY m¤úv`K BgvgyÏxb web Avãyj evQxi| we‡kl AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †K›`ªxq k~iv m`m¨ I †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mv‡eK mfvcwZ gynv¤§v` Avgxbyj Bmjvg| Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ gynv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg, †hjv Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi cwiPvjK †gvbv‡qg †nv‡mb, KgiMÖvg kvLvi mn-mfvcwZ bvRgyj nK, mvaviY m¤úv`K Avmv`yhhvgvb, A_© m¤úv`K †njvj DÏxbmn GjvKv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ, ÔhyemsNÕ I Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi `vwqZ¡kxje„›`|

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ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mv‡eK mfvcwZ Avey nvwbd †gvj−vi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ Avãyj−vn Avj-gvgyb| we‡kl AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †Mvwe›`MÄ †K› ªxq Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡ì mnKvix Bgvg gynv¤§v` nvmvb| cwi‡k‡l gyQZ¡dv‡K mfvcwZ I Avãyj Rjxj‡K mvaviY m¤úv`K K‡i 9 m`m¨ wewkó evjyqvNvU kvLv MVb Kiv nq| aybw`qv, † M vwe›` M Ä, M vBevÜv (c wð g) 21 gvP© ï µ evi : A`¨ ev` gvMwie aybw`qv Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` GK Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| cjvkevox Dc‡hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ AvwkKzi ingv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ nIqv D³ Av‡jvPbv mfvq cÖavb Av‡jvPK wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ Avãyj−vn Avj-gvgyb| we‡kl AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †hjv Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi cwiPvjK nv‡dh IevB yj−vn cÖgyL| c uvP M oM woqv, mvNvUv, M vBevÜv 21 gvP © ï µ evi : A`¨ ev` gvMwie cuvPMoMwoqv Avn‡jn`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` GK Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| AÎ kvLvi ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi Dc‡`óv Avãyj Avhxh gÛ‡ji mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ Abyôv‡b Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi mv‡eK †K›`ªxq mn-cwiPvjK gvIjvbv Avey †bvÔgvb MvBevÜv c~e© †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ gwkDi ingvb, fvicÖvß mvaviY m¤úv`K BDbyQ Avjx, AÎ kvLvi A_© m¤úv`K mvhy wgTv| AbyôvbwUi mÂvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib AÎ kvLvi mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K Avey mvC` cÖgyL|

†mvbvgwY †h j v m‡ ¤ §jb 2014 Gg. gbQzi Avj x AwWUwiqvg, w mivRM Ä 15 gvP © kwbevi : A`¨ mKvj 10 NwUKvq wmivRMÄ kn‡ii cÖvY‡K‡›`ª Aew ’Z Gg. gbQzi Avjx AwWUwiqv‡g Ô†mvbvgwY †h j v m‡¤ §j b I msea©bv Abyô vb 2014 Õ AbywôZ nq| †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ gynv¤§v` gZz©hvi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi †K›`ªxq mfvcwZ I Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi c„ô‡cvlK gyhvddi web gynwmb| we‡kl AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi cÖ_g cwiPvjK gynv¤§v` Avhxhyi ingvb, eZ©gvb †K›`ªxq cwiPvjK Avãyj nvjxg web Bwjqvm, Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi mv‡eK †K›`ªxq mn-cwiPvjK Avãyj ikx`, †K›`ªxq mn-cwiPvjK ehjyi ingvb, mvLvIqvZ †nvmvBb, †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ I †hjv Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi Dc‡`óv kixdzj Bmjvg, ivRkvnx gnvbMix Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi mn-cwiPvjK hvKvwiqv, gviKvh GjvKv Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi cwiPvjK Avãyj−vn Avj-gvgyb, mn-cwiPvjK gybxi“j Bmjvg, gviKvh GjvKvi nvmbv‡nbv kvLvi cwiPvjK mvLvIqvZ †nvmvBb, iRbxMÜv kvLvi cwiPvjK Avãyj nvKxg, m~h©gyLx kvLvi cwiPvjK Avãyj gywgb, knx`yj−vn, kvn Avjgmn †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ, ÔhyemsNÕ I Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi wewfbœ —‡ii `vwqZ¡kxje„›`| D‡j−L¨ D³ AbyôvbwU †mvbvgwY I AwffveK‡ì Dcw ’wZ‡Z cÖvYeš— n‡q D‡V| cwi‡k‡l Avãyj gywgb‡K cwiPvjK K‡i 2013-2015 †mk‡bi Rb¨ †mvbvgwY wmivRMÄ mvsMVwbK †hjv cybM©Vb Kiv nq|

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`wi`ª‡ ì gv‡ S kxZe ¿ weZiY KgiM Övg, Rqc yinvU, 15 Rvbyqv ix eyaevi : A`¨ weKvj 3 Uvq KgiMÖvg D”P we`¨vj‡q Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ RvqcyinvU mvsMVwbK †hjvi mgvRKj¨vY wefv‡Mi D‡`¨vM Mixe I `wi`ª‡ì gv‡S kxZe ¿ weZiY Kiv nq| K¤j I kxZe ¿ weZi‡Yi D³ Abyôv‡b †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ gynv¤§v` Aveyj Kvjvg mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib| †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K †gvt bvRgyj n‡Ki cwiPvjbvq D³ Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z †_‡K kxZe ¿ weZiY K‡ib I e³e¨ cÖ vb K‡ib Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi †K›`ªxq mvaviY m¤úv`K BgvgyÏxb web Avãyj evwQi| Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb RqcyinvU †hjvi KgiMÖvg D”P we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K Kvgi“j Bmjvg, Avj‡niv wkíx †Mvôxi cÖavb kdxKzj Bmjvg, BDwc m`m¨ †Mvjvg †gv‡k© , †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mn-mfvcwZ Djdr †gvj−v, mvaviY m¤úv`K gyhv‡¤§j nK, †hjv Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi cwiPvjK †gvbv‡qg †nv‡mb, e¸ov †hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mfvcwZ Avãyi ivhhvK, MvBevÜv †hjv hyims‡Ni mfvcwZ Avãyj−n Avj-gvgyb, †K›`ªxq k~iv m`m¨ I mvsevw`K Avgxbyj Bmjvg, mvsevw`K gZjye †nv‡mb, †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ, ÔhyemsNÕ I Ô†mvbvgwYÕ-Gi `vwqZ¡kxj I GjvKvi MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© cÖgyL|

euvKv‡ j i msev` `vi“j nv`xQ Avngvw`qv mvj vwd Bqv, euvKvj , mvZ¶ xivi mvd j ¨ : 2013 wk¶ve‡l© `vi“jnv`xQ Avngvw`qv mvjvwdBqvn Kg‡c−· †_‡K †R.wW.wm I mgvcbx cix¶vq h_vµ‡g 1 Rb I 3 Rb U¨v‡j›Ucy‡j e„wË †c‡q K…wZ‡Z¡i mv¶i †i‡L‡Q| e„wËcÖvß‡ì bvg wbgœiƒc : †R.wW.wm-†Z iv‡k`yhhvgvb (eyjvivwU); mgvcbx-†Z AvkxKyhhvgvb (fvwÀvjx), QvwKe †gvj−v (†MvcvjMÄ) I Bivwdj †nvmvBb (cuvP‡ivLx)| GQvovI mgvcbx cix¶vq †gvU 7 Rb mvaviY e„wË †c‡q‡Q|


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[KzBR-1; KzBR-2; e‡Y©i †Ljv-3 I msL¨v cÖwZ‡hvM-4-Gi mwVK DËi wj‡L bvg-wVKvbvmn 30 GwcÖ‡ji g‡a¨ cvwV‡q w`b| m‡e©v”P DËi`vZv‡ì wZbRb‡K cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡e| wefvMxq m¤úv`K] KzBR 1/ 6 ( 1) : 1. ˆmq` Avngv‡ì Ô`vIqvZ I wRnv`Õ Kg©m~wP Kqfv‡M wef³? 2. fvi‡Zi ¯vaxbZv wec−‡ei cÖ_g gkvjevnK †K? 3. kvn AwjDj−vn KZ wnRix‡Z eyLvixi `vim MÖnY K‡ib? 4. Ôdrûi ingvbÕ Kx ai‡bi MÖš’? 5. hnxi“Ïxb gynv¤§v` evei †K? 6. ÔØx‡b BjvnxÕ-Gi cÖe³v †K? 7. †mvbvgwY‡ì Avq‡Z¡ Avbvi †KŠkj KqwU? 8. wbqgZvwš¿K msMV‡bi êwkó¨ KqwU? 9. Av‡jgMY Kv‡ì DËivwaKvix? 10. KwgDwbó‡ì Av`k© †K? 11. Ôwek¦ BR‡ZgvÕ cÖ_g KZ mv‡j Ges †Kv_vq hvÎv ïi“ nq? 12. Ôwek¦ BR‡ZgvÕ KZ GKi Rwgi Dci AbywôZ nq? 13. †`‡k †gvU KZwU wUwf P v‡bj i‡q‡Q? 14. HBO Kx? 15. ÔcuvPvÕ Kx? M Z m s L¨v i KzB‡Ri DËi : 1. AwjDj−vn Beby ûmvgyÏxb Avj-gyËvK¡x (885-975) 2. gynv¤§v` Zv‡ni cvÆvbx bn&iIqvjx (924-985) 3.w`j−xi gvìvmv inxwgqv 4. KzZzeyj Bmjvg 5. ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_| 6. 1918 7. 1979 mv‡ji 20 b‡f¤i 8. 448wU 9. 98 evi 10. DËi cÖ‡`‡ki| 11. Kvh©vjq ev `dZi 12. wiKkv 13. cvwK —v‡b 14. Bgivb Lvb; cvwK —v‡b 15. GK cÖKvi Nvm| M Z m s L¨v q weRqx ‡ì bv g : 1. gxhvbyi ingvb (†gvnbcyi, ivRkvnx) 2. Avãyj−vn Avj-gvng~ (bI`vcvov gvìvmv, ivRkvnx) 3. dqmvj gvng~ (bI`vcvov gvìvmv, ivRkvnx) KzBR 1/ 6 ( 2) : 1. kvn AwjDj−vn †`njfx (int)-Gi Rb¥-g„Zz mvj KZ? 2. bhxi †nvmvBb †`njfx †Kvb gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv xQ wQ‡jb? 3. `w¶Y Gwkqvq Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb KZ mv‡j cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc jvf K‡i? 4. wRnv` Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq Avn‡jnv`xQMY wK bv‡g cwiwPZ nZ? 5. 37 wnRix‡Z gymwjg mgv‡R KqwU `j cwi „ó nq Ges Kx Kx? 6. nv xQ msMÖn I msKj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq †K me©cÖ_g Dcjwä K‡ib? 7. wK‡mi Rb¨ nv`xQ msMÖn I msKj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡qwQj? 8. nv`xQ msMÖn I msKj‡bi cÖ_g ivóªxq D‡`¨vM †K MÖnY K‡ib? 9. Avngv` Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (int)-Gi Rb¥ I g„Zz mvj KZ? 10. Qnxn eyLvixi fvl¨Kv‡ii bvg Kx? 11. 37 wnRix mv‡ji c~‡e©Kvi gymwjgiv Kx bv‡g AwfwnZ nZ? 12. Avn‡jnv`xQ‡ì cÖavb êwkó¨ Kx? 13. Avn‡jnv xQM‡Yi Bw — jvjx cÖavbZ c×wZ Kx? 14. Avn‡jnv xQMY wgmi, my vb, _vBj vÊ, kªxj¼v mn cÖf„wZ † ‡k Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? 15. ga¨cÖv‡Pï †`kmg~‡n Avn‡jnv`xQMY Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? 16. me©e„nr gymwjg ivóª B‡›`v‡bwkqv‡Z Avn‡jnv`xQMY Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? 17. fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Avn‡jnv`xQMY Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? 18. Avnjyj AvQvi, gynv‡ÏQxb, AvQvix cÖf„wZ G¸‡jv Kv‡ì bvg? 19. Dcgnv‡`‡k Avn‡jnv`xQ‡ì g‡a¨ KqwU `j Av‡Q? 20. Ô†Mveiv‡q Avn‡jnv`xQÕ I ÔgyRv‡n`xbÕ wK‡mi bvg?

e‡ Y©i † L j v 3/ 6 : wb‡ ©kbv : e„‡Ëi cÖwZwU As‡k GKwU K‡i A_©‡evaK kã †`qv Av‡Q| Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB GKwU wKsev ywU A¶i Lyu‡R cv‡eb bv| G eY©¸‡jv †ei K‡i cybwe©b¨vm Ki‡j bex-ivm~j‡ì †gŠwjK Kv‡Ri bvg Rvbv hv‡e|

1......................... 2......................... 3......................... 4.........................

A`„‡k¨ jywK‡q _vKv bvg..................... M Z msL ¨vi e‡ Y©i † L j vi DËi : (1) Bev`Z (2) gvRûj (3) B‡ZK¡v` (4) RvgvÔAvZ; A`„‡ k¨ j ywK‡ q _ vKv bvg :

BR‡ Zgv| M Z m s L¨v i weRqx ‡ì bv g : 1. dqmvj gvngy (bI`vcvov gvìvmv, ivRkvnx)| 2. Avãyj−vn Avj-gvng~ (bI`vcvov gvìvmv, ivRkvnx) 3. gxhvbyi ingvb ( †gvnbcyi, ivRkvnx)| m s L¨v cÖwZ‡hv M 4/ 6: wb‡ ©kbv : †Lv‡ci wb‡P †Ìqv PviwU msL¨v cÖ_g, Z…Zxq, cÂg I mßg †Lv‡c em‡e| Gevi wØZxq, PZz_© I lô †Lv‡c †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM wPý¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e emvb, hv‡Z DËiwU Aek¨B mgvb wP‡ýi Wvb cv‡k †Ìqv msL¨vwUi mgvb nq| PviwU msL¨v GKeviB eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM wPý¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU GKvwaKeviI eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

= 7

12 4 2 3 = 5

5 2 3 8 =8 8 4 3 2 M Z m s L¨v i m s L¨v cÖwZ‡hv ‡M i DËi : (1) 10�÷5×4 + 1= 8

(2) 8×2Ñ 9Ñ4�=� 3 (3) 9Ñ 7+2×3=� 12 M Z m s L¨v q weRqx ‡ì bv g : 1. gxhvbyi ingvb (†gvnbcyi, ivRkvnx) 2. gvg~byi ikx` (Kzwóqv) 3. AjKv kviwgb (Kzwóqv)| M Z m sL¨vi kãR‡Ui DËi : cv kv cv wk : 2.wRivd 4. cvb 5. jZv 7. he 8.jvD 9. bvRx 11. bvK 12. eì| Dci- bxP : 1. ¶xi 2. wRb 3. dj 4. cvebv 6. ZvjvK 10. Rxe 11. bvi 13. `B| M Z m sL¨vi kãR‡U weRqx ‡ì bvg : 1. AjKv kviwgb (Kzwóqv) 2. gxhvbyi ingvb (†gvnbcyi, ivRkvnx) 3. dqmvj gvng~ (bI`vcvov gvìvmv, ivRkvnx)| [DËi cv V v ‡bv i w V Kv bv : wefvMxq m¤úv`K, AvB wKD, ZvInx‡ì WvK, Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bI`vcvov, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx| †gvevBj : 01738-028692]

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Environment

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