1

Japanese activities in LHCTakahiko Kondo, KEK

November 28, 2005KEK-DESY 1st Collaboration Meeting in Tokyo

2

1994.12 CERN Council approved LHC in 2 steps1995.5 Monbusho announced 1st contribution to LHC of

5 BYen (65 MCHF).1996.3 India announced contribution of $ 12.5M.1996.6 Russia agreed with contribution of 67MCHF (incl.

detectors).1996. Canada agreed with contribution of

Canadian$ 30M.1996.12 Monbusho announced 2nd contribution of 3.85

BYen (44 MCHF).1996.12 CERN Council approved LHC in 1-step.1997.12 US agreed with contribution of $200M

(accelerator) + $331M (detectors).1998.5 Monbusho announced 3rd contribution of 5 BYen

(56 MCHF).2002.6 LHC completion changed to 2007.

Brief history

3

KEK developed/constructed 16 low-β insertion quadpole

magnets for LHC IPs.

LHC Construction

FermilabKEK

Interaction point

4

LHC Low-β Insertion Quadupoles by KEK

Designed by KEK,Manufactured by Toshiba,High Gradient: G = 215 T/m, Large Aperture : 70 mm

at Toshiba at KEK for excitation test

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LHC Low-b Insertion Quadupoles by KEK

5000

6000

7000

8000

QuenchNo Quench

Que

nch

Cur

rent

(A)

MQXA-1 2 3 5 4

215 T/m

230 T/m

Quench Sequence

2b

Thermal cycle

Thermal cycle

7 106 9 8 111st T.C.

1912 13

Thermal cycle

14 15112nd T.C.

16

Bore modification

17 18

vertical test station at KEK for field measurement

Quench history of 19 magnets

• All magnets exceeded 215T/m. • Multipole components are controlled

at 10-4 or smaller.

• Coils were shipped to Fermilab for installation into cryostats.

• R&D on Nb3Al conductor to be started soon for LHC upgrade.

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ATLAS CollaborationDiameter 25 mBarrel toroid length 26 mEnd-cap end-wall chamber span 46 mOverall weight 7000 TonsConstruction cost ~ 540 MCHF+…

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ATLAS CollaborationDiameter 25 mBarrel toroid length 26 mEnd-cap end-wall chamber span 46 mOverall weight 7000 TonsConstruction cost ~ 540 MCHF+…

as ofNov. 42005

8

ATLAS Collaboration34 Countries151 Institutions

~1300 Scientific Authors

15 institutes from Japan~ 60 physicists

10 institutes from Germany~ 110 physicists

Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, Bern, Birmingham, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis, Bratislava/SAS Kosice,

Brookhaven NL, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton/CRPP, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, INP Cracow, FPNT Cracow, Dortmund, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa,

Glasgow, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard, Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, Kyoto UE, Lancaster, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana,

QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano, Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Naples, Naruto UE, New Mexico, Nijmegen, Northern Illinois,

BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rochester, Rome I, Rome II, Rome

III, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv,

Thessaloniki, Tokyo ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan

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1,306 (100%)149468.41 (100%)TOTAL34:::::

40 (3.1 %)715.08 (3.2 %)Canada1014 (1.1 %)218.51 (4.0 %)Switzerland9102 (7.8 %)826.12 (5.6 %)Russia861 (4.7 %)1532.18 (7.0 %)Japan7105 (8.0 %)1234.11 (7.3 %) UK6109 (8.3 %)1040.00 (8.5 %) Germany5141 (11 %)1245.09 (9.6 %)Italy490 (6.9 %)752.76 (11 %)France3137 (10 %)160.50 (13 %)CERN2232 (18 %)3380.74 (17 %)USA1Sci. AuthorsInstitutesCost sharing (MCHF)country

Top 10 countries in ATLAS construction sharing

Note : additional cost to complete = 68 MCHF (15 %)

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JP, IL, CN3.86.1EC Muon Trigger Chamber (RPC)

IT, CERN05.2Barrel Muon Trigger Chamber (RPC)

DE, SU, IT, US,JP…….1.523.7Muon Chamber (MDT)

FR, US, IT, DE, SU…….075.9LAr Calorimeter

CERN, US, SU, SE…016.3TRT straw tracker

CERN, US, SU, ES…016.7Scintillating Tile Calorimeter

JP,UK, US, DE…….6.949.2Silicon microstrip

FR, US, IT, DE,……015.3Pixel

Shared byJapanMCHF

ATLAS Detector: cost sharing (1/2)

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CERN ….1.328.2Experimental Hall

Japan/ALL ~ 7 %32.1474.8TOTAL

CERN and many0.97.2Trigger/DAQ

DE, SU, IT, US,JP,…….0.923.7Magnet Infr.

FR, UK, IT, DE, NL0111.7SC Toroid

CERN,US,FR,UK,JP,DE….. 1.531.0High Level Trigger

JP10.910.9SC Solenoid

UK, DE, JP, IT, CERN,…3.015.7Level-1 trigger

Shared byJapanMCHF

ATLAS Detector: cost sharing (2/2)

（ 1 MCHF ～ 0.9 億円 ）

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ATLAS Japan Review Committee

• Held at KEK on March 24, 1998, charged by IPNS Director S. Yamada.

• Committee members: Y. Nagashima, J. Arafune, A. Masaike, T. Ohshima, S. Olsen, K. Takikawa, A. Wagner, T. Yamazaki.

• Committee’s main recommendation: “…….However, to maintain long-term activity and to be productive in the physics results, an adequate supply of manpower is needed…..”

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Specific features to minimize material thickness

- Use of high strength Aluminum stabilizer for SC cables

- Common cryostat with LAr barrel EM calorimeter

ATLAS Central Solenoid : 100% responsibility by KEK

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Coil at Toshiba (1999)

Tested in Japan (Dec. 2000)

Arrived at CERN（Sep. 2001）Photo with L. Maiani Insertion into LAr Cryostat (Feb. 2004)

ATLAS Central Solenoid : 100% by KEK

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Transported to the ATLAS Cavern (Oct. 2004)

Excitation test (July 2004)

ATLAS Central Solenoid

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as of last week

Solenoid, LAr and Tile Calorimeter moving to the ATLAS center (Nov. 4, 2005)

ATLAS Central Solenoid

Final joint welding planned this week

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Thin Gap Chambers (TGC)for ATLAS muon triggering in EC region

3600 chambers320,000 channelsTotal area ~2,000 m2

Joint Constructionby

Israel, Japanand

China

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1200 TGC chambers were produced at KEKWe accomplished 2 chambers/day

and finished 1200

TGC chambers in 4 yearscarbon spray

epoxy gluing

wire winding

soldering

checking& HV test

before closing

packing

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Inspection of all TGC chambers using cosmic-raysat Kobe University

TGC chamber inspection station Packing in air-conditioned containers by marine transportation to CERN.

efficiency map of a TGC chamber

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ATLAS TGC trigger chambers

First 1/12 sector of the “Big-Wheel” was assembled at CERN bldg. 180. (Oct. 2005)

TGCs arrived at CERN

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16ch ASD board （24,000 units）

4 ASIC chips developed by students A set of readout unit mounted on chambers

TGC Trigger and Readout SystemJapan is responsible nearly 100%

All ASD tested in China

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24ch TDC chips for ATLAS MDT,

20,000 chips made.

Mounted on ATLAS MDT

TDC chips for ATLAS muon drift tubes (MDT)

KEK responsible 100%. The design is base on KEK’s patented idea, directly digitizing time difference using CMOS memory.

* Similar chips used in H1 at HERA,

Phenix, D0, K2K…….

σ ~ 300 ps, non-linearity<+-80ps

delay

clock

data

delay delay

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-10-8-6-4-202468

10

0 200 400 600 800 1000

時系列

mid

yf

[μm

]

ATLAS Silicon Micro-strip Detector (SCT)

4 sensors/module

The module is based on Japan’s idea. KEK assembled 980 modules (40%) . Sensor alignment system (KEK)

The accuracy of module assembly is mostly within +-2 μm, the best performance among four assembly sites.

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Two module mounting robots were designed by KEK and manufactured in Japan and worked very well at Oxford Univ. to mount 100 modules per week without troubles.

Installation of the SCT modules at Oxford U.

Work finished in July 2005.

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Development of Geant4• Geant4 is proposed jointly by CERN and Japan in 1994 (RD44).

• Object-oriented software technology for wide-spread users.

• 1st version completed in 1998.

• All LHC experiments uses Geant4.

• Maintenance agreement between CERN, KEK, SLAC …..

• No bugs arising from Geant4 over 35,000 jobs in ATLAS.

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USA

Netherlands

China

UK

FranceGermany

Italy

Canada

Russia

Israel

CERN

KEK Tier-2 Center atUniv. of Tokyo

Construction, M&O Data, Gridrid

15 Japanese Institutes : KEK, Tsukuba, Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolitan, Shinshu, Ritsumeikan, Kyoto, Kyoto Education, Osaka, Kobe, NarutoEducation, Okayama, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Nagasaki Science U.

ATLAS

JAPAN

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ATLAS Tier-2 Center in being build at ICEPP of Univ. of Tokyo

Meanwhile, preparation for data analysis and physics simulation have been progressing

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Summary

• Japan contributed 13.85 BYen for LHC Construction.

• KEK completed development and production of 18 low-β insertion quadrupoles for the LHC interaction points.

• Japanese ATLAS team including KEK finished most of the component production on Solenoid, MuonTrigger chambers/electronics and Silicon detectors. It is in the middle of working on installation and commissioning.