lhc - kek · 1- shim correction 0.13 toshiba 19 production 2 repeat toshiba full-scale 1 -0.56...
TRANSCRIPT
LHC
2007.11.2 KEK
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
LHC and Experimental Insertions
Circumference: 27 kmInjection Energy: 450 GeV (p)Collision Energy: 7+7 TeVPeak Luminosity: 1034 cm-2 sec-1
2*4 ExperimentalInsertions
* 450 GeV beam commissioninganticipated in May 2008.
And other insertions forRF, Dump, Cleaning
Critical surface of NbTi (from Wilson textbook)
Critical current of best Cu/NbTi with
typical 3 T field shift at superfluid
helium (INFN-LASA lab, february 2000)
Critical current density vs field measured on
NbTi multiflamentray wire at 4.22 and 2.17 K
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Btot (T)
Jc(A
/mm
2)
LHe HeII
LHC 1.9K ??
Magnets CoolingScheme
Main dipole27.5*1232=34000 t 1.9K
Magnets for Arc
MBMain Dipole
•••
••
MQ : Main Quad
CERN- CEA collaboration
392Magnets for Arc
Layout of Experimental Insertions
Dispersion suppressor Matching section Separation dipoles Finalfocus
IP
KEK, FNAL,LBL, CERN
BNL, BINPCERNCERN
IP
Magnet issues:- Aperture- Field quality- Alignment- Beam heat load
56 mm ID coil
G = 200 T/m at 1.9 K
I = 5390 A
E = 64.3 kJ/m/aperture
Lmag = 2.4/3.4/4.8 m
• Two-layer, non-graded coil.
• Free standing collars, fully
supporting the forces.
• Two-in-one iron yoke.
86
• Four-layer, graded shell coil.
• Free standing collars, fully
supporting the forces.
• Two-in-one iron yoke.
70 mm ID coil
G = 160 T/m at 4.5 K
I = 3620 A
E = 141 kJ/m/aperture
Lmag = 3.4
24
Fermilab
(MQXB)
KEK
(MQXA)16+16
G = 215 T/m, Aperture = 70 mm ~ 9 TL= 5.5 or 6.37 mHigher Order Multipoles < 1 unit (10-4)Beam Heating: 5 ~ 10 W/m
5000
LHC
The Low-Beta InsertionKey Elements to Achieve High Luminosity….
MQXA MQXB MQXAMQXB
6.372.985
5.5 5.52.715
6.37
MCBXAMCBXH/V
b3
b6
MCBXMCBXH/V
MQSX
1.0
TASB
MCBXMCBXH/V
Q3 Q2 Q1
MCSOXa3
a4
b4
DFBX
IP
• Quadrupoles: Low-Beta Triplet
Q1 & Q3 (MQXA): KEK Q2a & Q2b (MQXB): FNAL
Correctors: CERN• Cryostat Assembly
All done by FNAL• Feed boxes for the inner triplet
DFBX: LBNL
CERN-US-KEK Collaborationfor the Low-Beta Insertions
CERNCorrectorsInstallation in the LHC tunnel
FNALMQXB: 16 + spareCryostats (assembly)
BNLSeparation Dipoles: 20
LBLDFBX: 8TAS&TAN: 4
KEKMQXA: 16 + spare
Correctors
Quad. cold masses
Cryostats
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
Design Features
• Four Layer Coils – Two 2-layer coils
– with current grading• Inner & outer SC cables• Higher J at outer coil
• Spacer-Collars– High-Mn steel
• Low & stable permeability
• Flux Return Yoke– Horizontally split
– Keyed structure• Pre-stress & mechanical support• Simple & cost-effective assembly
In
OutIn
InOut
Out
Inner Cable
Outer Cable
Design Parameters:Final version
Field gradient 215 T/m Coil inner radius 35 m Yoke outer radius 235 mm Shell outer radius 245 mm Magnetic length 6.37 m Peak field in coil 8.63 T Current 7149 A Superc. load-line ratio 80 % Inductance 87.9 mH Stored energy 2.24 MJ Magnetic force per pole (octant) Fx 1.19 MN/m Fy -1.37 MN/m
1-m Model R&D: In-house Fabrication
1-m Model R&D: Training Quench
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
Model #1
Model #1a
Model #1b
Model #2
Model #3
Models #4 & #5
Fie
ld G
radie
nt
(T/m
)
Thermal cycle
Temp.: 1.88 K
Ramp Rate: 10 A/s
Energy Extraction: ~50 %
• Reach to 250 T/m for 1st model.• Exceeding 230 T/m for all models.• Coil design change for 3rd model and later.• Training memory after the thermal cycle.
R&D Work
b6Re-tuned
b10Re-optimized
Reach250 T/m
Notes
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.03(0.00)
-0.90
-0.93(-0.98)
b10
Toshiba0.13Shim correction1-19
Production
Toshiba Repeat2
Toshiba-0.561Full-scaleProto
Toshiba-0.81 Reproducibility5
KEK-0.77 Reproducibility4
KEK(Toshiba)
-0.72(0.15)
Re-optimize3
KEK-1.62Repeat2
KEK-0.79(0.32)
Original11-m Model
b6ElectromagneticDesign
#
Achievement1-m model reached: 250 T/mFull-scale prototypes: Multiple tuned << 10-4
Optimization
b10 corrected
b6correctedwith shim
10-4
Coil Winding
Courtesy of TOSHIBA
Collaring Preparation
Courtesy of TOSHIBA
Collaring
Courtesy of TOSHIBA
Yoking
Courtesy of TOSHIBA
Cylindering
Courtesy of TOSHIBA
Assembly Complete
Courtesy of TOSHIBA
MQXA Production and Tests
2004 6 20 19 1.9K
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ProductionTested at KEK
Num
ber
of m
agne
ts
Month
Started 01-6
04-0103-0102-01
2004-6
1.9 K:• Training quench 230 T/m230 T/m• Full energy dump @215 T/m• Fast Ramp test @150 A/s• Field Measurement• To reach 220 T/m w/o quench• Electrical Insulation Test 1.5 kV @ 4.2 K He-gas
Performance Test at KEK
Room Temperature:- Alignment- Field Gradient,- Error field
Room Temperature:– Alignment check– Field Gradient,– Error Field
Shipping Preparation @ TOSHIBA – Pressure Test– Electrical Test
MQXA from TOSHIBAKEK
24
FNAL
Warm Measurement Setup
Cold Test Station: Vertical Cryostat
Bore Inner TubeInsulation in Vacuum
He I 4.2K
1m Model Magnet
Void Capacity
Rotating Coil
Bore Outer Tube
Pressurized
He II 1.9K
Insulation in Vacuum
-Plate
Heat Exchanger
1.9K
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
MQXA-P1
MQXA-01
MQXA-02
P1 Inner
P1 Outer
P2 Inner
P2 Outer
P3 Inner
P3 Outer
P4 Inner
P4 Outer
Full Dump by QPH
No Quench
0 5 10 15 20
Quench C
urr
ent
(A)
Quench History of MQXA-03
Feb. 2002 -
10A/sec, 1.9 K
1st Test Cycle 2nd Test Cycle
Run Number
215 T/m
230 T/m
Training Characteristics: MQXA-03
3 quenches to reach 215 T/m9 quenches to reach 230 T/mGood training memory after thermal cycle
Reach 220 T/m w/o quenchFull-energy dump w/ QPH at 215 T/m
Summary of Quench Characteristics
5000
6000
7000
8000
QuenchNo Quench
Que
nch
Cur
rent
(A
)
MQXA-1 2 3 5 4
215 T/m
230 T/m
Quench Sequence
2b
Thermal cycle
Thermal cycle
7 106 9 8 111st T.C.
1912 13
Thermal cycle
14 15112nd
T.C.
16
Bore modification
17 18
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10
12
14
#1 #2 #3 #5 #4 #2b
#7 #6 #9 #8 #10
#11(
1st)
#12
#13
#14
#11
#15
#16
#17
#18
#19
Straight-SectionLead-EndReturn-End
Num
ber o
f Que
nch
Tra
inin
g
Magnet NumberAll magnets reached 230 T/m.
0.00126.36790.0651217.077227.9
0.00106.36750.0587201.736677.3
0.00096.36700.0581186.536134.4
0.00096.36420.0341101.013207.9
0.00106.36420.020063.4752011.3
0.00486.36320.009612.445392.3
StandardDeviation
AverageStandardDeviation
Average
Magnetic Length (m)Field Gradient (T/m)Current
(A)
MFM: Field Gradient & Mag. Length
Good reproducibility in the order of 10-4
19 units of MQXA
MFM: Higher Order Multipoles
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
a6 a7 a8 a9 a10-2
-1
0
1
2
a3 a4 a5
Multipole-coefficients
an, units
-2
-1
0
1
2
b3 b4 b5 b6
Multipole coefficients
bn, units
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
b7 b8 b9 b10
units : 10000 An , Bn
Quadrupole B2
Generally good within reference values.But, large b4…
@216T/m
Skew
Normal
MQXA
MQXA Cryostating & Test at FNALMQXA
First Test of MQXA
MQXA in LHC Tunnel
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
2007.11.27 Dipole
J-PARC
12 6MB(1232 ), MQ(392 ) 2007.3.124
2007.4.26 Dipole
6 superconducting bus
bars 13 kA for B, QD, QF
quadrupole
20 superconducting bus
bars 600 A for corrector
magnets (minimise
dipole field harmonics)
42 sc bus bars 600 A for corrector
magnets (chromaticity, tune, etc….)
+ 12 sc bus bars for 6 kA (special
quadrupoles)
13 kA Protection
diodeTo be connected:
• Beam tubes
• Pipes for helium
• Cryostat
• Thermal shields
• Vacuum vessel
• Superconducting
cables
LHC
web
Cavern
SectorInner Triplet
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
Pt 3
Pt 4
Pt 5
Pt 6
Pt 7
Pt 8
Pt 1
Pt 2
Pt 1.8
Cryoplant DistributionPresent Version
Cryogenic plant
Warm CompressorStation
Upper Cold Box
Interconnection Box
Cold Box
Warm CompressorStation
Lower Cold Box
Distribution Line Distribution Line
Magnet Cryostats Magnet Cryostats
Cold Compressorbox
Warm CompressorStation
Cold Compressorbox
Warm CompressorStation
Shaft
Su
rfa
ce
Ca
ve
rnT
unnel
LHC Sector (3.3 km) LHC Sector (3.3 km)
1.8 K Refrigeration Unit New 4.5 K Refrigerator Ex-LEP 4.5 K refrigerator 1.8 K Refrigeration Unit
Pt 3
Pt 4
Pt 5
Pt 6
Pt 7
Pt 8
Pt 1
Pt 2
Pt 1.8
Cryoplant DistributionPresent Version
Cryogenic plant
Warm CompressorStation
Upper Cold Box
Interconnection Box
Cold Box
Warm CompressorStation
Lower Cold Box
Distribution Line Distribution Line
Magnet Cryostats Magnet Cryostats
Cold Compressorbox
Warm CompressorStation
Cold Compressorbox
Warm CompressorStation
Shaft
Su
rfa
ce
Ca
ve
rnT
unnel
LHC Sector (3.3 km) LHC Sector (3.3 km)
1.8 K Refrigeration Unit New 4.5 K Refrigerator Ex-LEP 4.5 K refrigerator 1.8 K Refrigeration Unit
Warm Compressor Station of 18 kW @ 4.5 K Cryoplant(Power Input ~4 MW)
LHC 18 kW @ 4.5 K Cold Box
33 kW @ 50 K to 75 K 23 kW @ 4.6 K to 20 K 41 g/s liquefaction
AtmosphericLN2 vaporizer
LN2 Storage at LHC Even Point
–
–
–
–
0.3 MPa4.6 K
0.13 MPa,20 -30 K
WC
S
1.8
K R
efr
ige
rati
on
Un
it
LHe 1.8 K Q1.8K
CC
B
4.5 KRefrigerator
B
D
C
Cold
com
pre
ssors
Turb
lne
Adsor-bers
LHC SectorLoad The four-stage LHC cold compressors
1st stage IHI-Linde
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
Incident I: HX buckling
MQXA MQXB MQXAMQXB
Q3 Q2A Q1
DFBX
Q2B
Outer shellInner tube
(copper corrugated)H-piece
30592.7 (RT)
30560.2 (1.9K)
MQXB
Incident I: HX buckling
MQXA MQXB MQXAMQXB
Q3 Q2A Q1
DFBX
Q2B
MQXBLBX
D1
Incident II: Magnet support failure
15cm
GFRP
Incident II: Magnet support failureQ1 Q3
GFRPMQXAMQXB
Q2A Q1
MQXB
Pressure Test after Modification at Pt. 8
25 bar for 1 hour
Succeeded
RF Finger Problem
Plug-In Modules
Damaged Plug-In Modules
Sector 7-8 450 damage
RF Finger Problem
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
But.........
Cool-down to 1.9 K at sector 7-8
Cool-down to 1.9 K at sector 7-8
Current Schedule2006 10 2007
2008 5
2 incidents at InnerTripletRF finger
7-8 1.9K
Outline
• LHC: Overview of Superconducting Magnet System• MQXA Development at KEK
– Design Overview– In-house R&D– Production, Test and Measurement
• Work for Magnet at CERN• Cryogenics System for LHC• Incidents and Failures• Hardware Commissioning• Summary
LHC
Inner Triplet Incident
Sector78 1.9K LSSMain Dipole 1
Sector45 30K
3-4
RF Finger
Inner Triplet System (MQXA ) 2008 1