Taiga

taiga• Boreal forests,or taiga(T

Y guh),are dense forests of coniferous evergreens.They are found along the northern edge of the temperate zone.Taiga is the world's largest land biome, and makes up 29% of the world's forest cover.

taiga• The taiga is found throu

ghout the high northern latitudes, between the tundra, and the temperate forest, from about 50°N to 70°N, but with considerable regional variation.

Abiotic factors

• long cold winters short mild summers • high humidity;acidic,nutrient-poor

soils

Biotic factors-plant life

• Confifers are well suited to this biome,Their shape sheds snow.Wax-covered,needlelike leaves reduce water loss.

Animal life• To stay warm most animals h

ave small limbs and ears,and fat or downy feathers for insulation.The boreal forest, or taiga, supports a large range of animals. Canada's boreal forest includes 85 species of mammals, 130 species of fish, and an estimated 32,000 species of insects.

Rivers&Streams

• About the source

River

Stream

Creek

Brook

They often originate from underground water sources in mountains or hills.

• The differences between rivers and streams ≧▽≦ The rivers are More than 2 meters depth and 5 meters width. The length is over 2 km. ≧▽≦ In general, the rivers are deeper than streams. They are also longer than streams. ≧▽≦ Most streams originate from valley or in caves. The rivers are made up of streams, or gathering rainwater.

• About the plant life

- Downstream, sediments build up and plants establish themselves.

- Farther downstream, water may wander slowly through flat areas.

• About the animals in rivers and streams

Some animals live in rivers and streams, they depend for food on plants and other animals that live along the bank.

Lakes and Ponds

The food webBased on plankton and attached algae and plants.

PlanktonTypically small organisms that drift in, and may swim through.

Aquatic environments.

Include both phytoplankton and zooplankton.

Phytoplankton Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta,

Pyrrophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta

Zooplankton

Protozoa, Rotifer, Cladocera, Remiped

CirculatesWater flows in and out of lakes and ponds.

It also circulates between the surface and the benthos.

•Heat

•Oxygen

•Nutrients

Steven

What is Bog?

• It is the most important in marsh types.• It always distribute in forest,and it is not easy to saw.

.• It's surface is always be wet,and it's very

DANGEROUS

Bog's Types

• Moss Bog(which has many moss plants)• Herbaceou Bog• Bushwodd Bog• Forest Bog• Island Salt Natural Pond

Where're they?

• The bog always distribute in forest,ditch.• Herbaceou Bog is always in flatland which has river or lake.

Freshwater ecosystems

Freshwater Wetlands

Wetland • Wetland types are varied, usually divided into

two major categories of natural and artificial. Natural wetlands include marshes, bogs, lakes, rivers, beaches, constructed wetlands are paddy, reservoir, pond. According to statistics, there are natural wetland of 8558000 square kilometers, accounting for 6.4% of land area.

Freshwater Wetlands Definition ： A wetland is an ecosystem in which

water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year. It’s the transition between land and aquatorium.(e.g. Shallow sea area, river, lake, reservoir, paddy field )Characteristic ： Water may flow through wetlands or remain still. Wetlands are often nutrient-rich and highly productive.

The effects of freshwater wetland.

• It serves as breeding grounds for many organisms.(mainly because of its freshwater.)

• Freshwater wetlands purify water by filtering pollutants.(regarded as “the kidney of the earth”)

• Wetlands help to prevent flooding by absorbing and slowly releasing water.

Marsh Swamp BogMarsh: An area of low-lying land that is flood in wet season or at

high tide. And typically remains waterlogged at all times.Bog: ecology wetland with acid, peaty soil, typical dominated by

peat moss(ph<7)Swamp: all types of wetlands. Include marsh and bog.