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Taiga or Coniferous Forest Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia Slide 2 Taiga or Coniferous Forest Slide 3 Taiga Russian for Mountain Long, cold dry winters Largest terrestrial biome Very short growing season Source of lumber, being logged at unsustainable rates Slide 4 Taiga or Coniferous Forest Latitudes between 50N and 60N Slide 5 Taiga- Warmer and wetter than the Tundra 35 to 40 cm of precipitation yearly (mostly snow) Slide 6 Plants of the Taiga There is no permafrost, so trees can grow. Mosses and lichens grow on the forest floor. Examples: Cone-bearing Evergreen trees Slide 7 Plants of the Taiga Fir tree Slide 8 Plants of the Taiga Spruce tree Slide 9 Plants of the Taiga Hemlock tree Slide 10 Plants of the Taiga Liverwort (a moss) Slide 11 Plants of the Taiga Mosses Slide 12 Animals of the Taiga Many animals live in the Taiga. Slide 13 Animals of the Taiga Moose Slide 14 Animals of the Taiga Black bear Slide 15 Animals of the Taiga Lynx Slide 16 Animals of the Taiga Wolf Slide 17 Animals of the Taiga Badger Slide 18 Animals of the Taiga Wolverine Slide 19 temperate deciduous forests have sufficient rainfall to support large populations of deciduous trees (lose leaves annually) Temperate Deciduous Forest Slide 20 Found in Europe, the eastern part of the U.S.A., and China Slide 21 Temperate Deciduous Forest Found below 50N latitude 75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly Slide 22 Temperate Deciduous Forest Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons Below freezing in winter to 30C in summer Slide 23 Temperate Deciduous Forest Soil is rich in nutrients from layers of decomposing leaves Slide 24 Layers of Vegetation Canopy- tree tops that shade the ground below Understory- shrub layer Forest floor- dark and moist layer of dead leaves, twigs, and seeds Slide 25 Layers of Vegetation Canopy Slide 26 Layers of Vegetation Understory Slide 27 Layers of Vegetation Forest floor Slide 28 Life in the Temperate Deciduous Forest The mild climate and rich soil of the temperate deciduous forest supports a wide variety of plant and animal life. Slide 29 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Plant life is abundant. Slide 30 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Oak tree Slide 31 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Hickory tree Slide 32 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Maple tree Slide 33 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Shrubs (Azalea) Slide 34 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Shrubs (Holly) Slide 35 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Wildflowers Slide 36 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Wildflowers Slide 37 Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Ferns Slide 38 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Animal life is diverse. Slide 39 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Deer Slide 40 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Fox Slide 41 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Snakes (Eastern Garter Snake) Slide 42 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Snakes (Copperhead) Slide 43 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Black bear Slide 44 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Birds (Bald Eagle) Slide 45 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Birds (Barn Owl) Slide 46 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Birds WoodpeckerCardinal Slide 47 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Raccoon Slide 48 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Amphibians Wood frog Leopard Frog Slide 49 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Amphibians Spotted Salamander Jefferson Salamander Slide 50 Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest Small Mammals Field Mouse Squirrel Slide 51 Tropical Rain Forest Found near the equator in Africa, South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands Slide 52 Slide 53 Tropical Rain Forest Found near the equator 200 to 225 cm precipitation yearly Slide 54 Tropical Rain Forest Hot and humid all year Temperatures are fairly constant around 25C Slide 55 Tropical Rain Forest Soil is nutrient poor and acidic Most plants have shallow roots Slide 56 Tropical Rain Forest Layers of Vegetation Slide 57 Life in the Tropical Rain Forest The tropical rain forest is a lush, productive ecosystem containing more than half of all the species that live on Earth. Slide 58 Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest A rain forest may contain more than 700 species of trees and over 1000 species of flowering plants. Slide 59 Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Mahogany tree Notice how the roots rise above the ground to help support this giant tree! Slide 60 Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Bromeliads Slide 61 Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Orchids Slide 62 Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Giant ferns Slide 63 Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Flowering plants Slide 64 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest The rain forest is home to a huge number of animals. Slide 65 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Monkeys Slide 66 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic birds ToucanParrots Slide 67 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic birds Cockatoo Hummingbird Slide 68 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Snakes (Anaconda) Slide 69 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Snakes Albino Ball Python Green Mamba Slide 70 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Sloths Slide 71 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Bat (Fruit bat) Slide 72 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Insects ButterflyBeetle Slide 73 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Large Cats (Jaguar) Slide 74 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Large Cats (Sumatran Tiger) Slide 75 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Large Cat (Ocelot) Slide 76 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic mammals PacaPeccary Slide 77 Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic mammals AgoutiNutria Slide 78 Grassland Slide 79 Temperate Grassland http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio213/aquahab.ht ml Slide 80 Grasslands Grasslands also called plains or prairies Maintained by grazing (large herbivores) and periodic fires or become forest Most grasslands are converted to agriculture Slide 81 Grassland Grasslands are known by many names. U.S.A. Prairie or Plains Asia Steppe South America Pampas Slide 82 Grassland Wet seasons followed by a season of drought 25 to 75 cm precipitation yearly Slide 83 Grassland The soil is rich and fertile. The grass has extensive root systems, called sod. Slide 84 Plants of the Grassland Grassland regions of the world are important farming areas. Cereal and grains grow here. Slide 85 Plants of the Grassland Wheat Slide 86 Plants of the Grassland Rye Slide 87 Plants of the Grassland Barley Slide 88 Plants of the Grassland Corn Slide 89 Animals of the Grassland The most noticeable animals in grassland ecosystems are usually grazing mammals. Slide 90 Animals of the American Grassland Bison Slide 91 Animals of the American Grassland Prairie Dog Slide 92 Animals of the American Grassland Pronghorn Slide 93 Animals of the American Grassland Coyote Slide 94 Savanna Slide 95 Slide 96 African Savanna Reduced rainfall with prolonged dry seasons Open grassland with scattered shrubs and trees Maintained by periodic fires Large herbivores and their predators dominate Slide 97 Animals of the African Savanna Gazelle Slide 98 Animals of the African Savanna Wildebeest Slide 99 Animals of the African Savanna Lion Slide 100 Animals of the African Savanna Elephant Slide 101 Animals of the African Savanna Giraffe Slide 102 Desert Found on every continent. The driest biome on Earth Slide 103 Desert Extreme temperatures- Very hot during the day and cool at night Slide 104 Desert Very little rainfall Less than 25 cm precipitation yearly Slide 105 All great deserts at or near 30 degrees latitude N or S Other deserts on leeward side of mountain ranges Rain shadow effect: drier on leeward side of mountain Both cold and hot deserts Special adaptations by both plants and animals Deserts Slide 106 Slide 107 Desert The soil ranges from gravel to sand. Soil is nutrient poor. Slide 108 Plants of the Desert Desert plants and animals have evolved adaptations to help them survive in the extreme temperatures and dryness of this biome. Slide 109 Plants of the Desert Cactus SaguaroPrickly Pear Slide 110 Plants of the Desert Mesquite Slide 111 Plants of the Desert Joshua tree Slide 112 Plants of the Desert Wildflowers Slide 113 Plants of the Desert Creosote Slide 114 Animals of the Desert Lizards Desert IguanaFrilled Lizard Slide 115 Animals of the Desert Camel Slide 116 Animals of the Desert Snakes Diamondback Rattlesnake Sidewinder Slide 117 Animals of the Desert Scorpion Slide 118 Animals of the Desert Kangaroo rat Slide 119 Animals of the Desert Gila Monster Slide 120 Animals of the Desert Predatory birds Great Horned OwlKestrel Slide 121 Animals of the Desert Tarantula Slide 122 Aquatic Biomes Slide 123 Aquatic biomes aquatic biomes occupy the largest part of the biosphere Slide 124 Aquatic Biomes The limiting factors in water biomes are: Amount of salt (salinity) Amount of dissolved oxygen Sunlight Slide 125 2 Types of Water Biomes Freshwater Rivers and Streams Lakes and Ponds Marine (Saltwater) Ocean Estuaries Seashores (tidal areas) Slide 126 Freshwater Biomes Freshwater contains little or no salt, so it has a LOW salinity. Flowing freshwater = rivers and streams Still Freshwater = lakes and ponds Slide 127 Aquatic Communities Littoral Lymnetic Profundal Benthic Freshwater Biomes Slide 128 Freshwater communities Four zones of life littoral shore, light reaches the bottom limnetic top layer, light penetrates but doesn t reach the bottom profundal deeper water, light not as abundant Benthic - bottom Slide 129 Flowing Freshwater Streams The faster a stream flows the greater the amount of dissolved oxygen in it. Faster water flows = oxygen Slide 130 Flowing Freshwater Streams The fish that live in streams are adapted to fast moving water Slide 131 Flowing Freshwater Rivers Water moves slower in a river and debris settles on the bottom. Because of this, rivers tend to have more nutrients and less dissolved oxygen. nutrients and oxygen Slide 132 Flowing Freshwater Rivers Slide 133 Freshwater Ponds Small, shallow bodies of water Sunlight penetrates all the way to the bottom Most completely filled with plant material Very high amount of nutrients Slide 134 Freshwater Ponds Slide 135 Freshwater Lakes Larger and deeper than ponds Plant growth is limited to the shoreline Sunlight does NOT penetrate to the bottom= no plants after a certain depth! Slide 136 Freshwater Lakes Slide 137 Water Biomes Plankton are microscopic algae, plants, and other organisms that float on the surface of water biomes. They need sunlight to survive. Slide 138 Water Biomes Phytoplankton are important producers in water biomes. They are the first step in many aquatic food chains Slide 139 a.fresh water biomes have a salt concentration less than 1%, marine biomes > 3% Slide 140 Marine Biomes c. oceans cover 75% of earths surface and contain the marine biomes Slide 141 d. evaporation from oceans provides most rainfall Slide 142 e. oceans buffer temperature changes on land Slide 143 f. marine algae and bacteria consume large amounts of the worlds carbon dioxide and produce a major portion of the earths oxygen Slide 144 Saltwater Biomes About 95% of the water on Earth has a high concentration of salt. (High salinity) Slide 145 Saltwater Estuaries (Wetlands) Area where a river meets an ocean Mix of salt and freshwater Located near coastlines, border land Extremely fertile Nutrient levels are higher than both salt and freshwater Slide 146 Saltwater Estuaries Chesapeake Bay Slide 147 Saltwater Seashores Tides have a huge influence on life here INTERTIDAL ZONE- portion of the shoreline that is covered with water at high tide and exposed to the air at low tide. Slide 148 Slide 149 Intertidal Zone Can be sandy or rocky Small fish, clams, crabs, other mussels are trapped in the TIDAL POOLS during low tide Slide 150 Intertidal Zone Slide 151 Saltwater Oceans Can be divided into 2 main life zones 1. Photic zone- sunlight penetrates 2. Aphotic zone- NO sunlight Slide 152 Slide 153 Photic Zone- above 200m Made up of the euphotic & disphotic zones Sunlight penetrates Plant life and animal life is abundant Slide 154 Aphotic Zone- below 200m Sunlight DOES NOT penetrate There are no plants Animal life is highly specialized Slide 155 Aphotic Zone- below 200m Many of the animals of the deep ocean have a special adaptation known as bioluminescence Slide 156 Benthic Zone Benthos Greek depths of the sea