Taenia SoliumThe Pork Tapeworm

Youstina Matthew

Pork Meat

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms & Pathologies

Treatment

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms & Pathologies

Treatment

Distribution

• Rural areas of developing countries• Mexico• Central & South America

• Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, ...• Asia

• India, Cambodia, Vietnam,…• Africa

• Most of the continent except the strictly Muslim countries• Imported & Introduced

• USA, Canada • Argentina

• No reports in Muslim countries• Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan

(Nash et al.)

(Geske)

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms and Pathologies

Treatment

Structure of T. Solium

• Head• Neck • Strobila

https://gmch.gov.in/e-study/e%20lectures/Microbiology/22%20Taenia.pdf

Structure of Head

• Scolex (Head)• Rostellum• 2 Hooks• 4 Suckers

• Neck • Site of Strobilation

(Chonkar)

Types of Proglottids

• Immature• Neck• No organs

• Mature• Male & Female

reproductive organs • Gravid

• Longer, larger & broader• Uterus (Fertilized Eggs)

(Chonkar)

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms & Pathologies

Treatment

(Aung and W Spelman)

TAENIASIS

(Aung and W Spelman)

TAENIASIS

(Aung and W Spelman)

porcINE cySTIcErcoSIS

(Aung and W Spelman)

HumAN cySTIcErcoSIS

(Aung and W Spelman)

porcINE cySTIcErcoSIS

HumAN cySTIcErcoSIS

TAENIASIS

(Aung and W Spelman)

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms and Pathologies

Treatment

Neglected Tropical Diseases

1. Taeniasis

2. Cysticercosis (CC)

3. Neurocysticercosis (NCC)

http://www.teroes.com/2018/05/what-is-taeniasis.html

Taeniasis: Intestinal Infection

http://144penyakit.blogspot.com/2014/05/taeniasis-cacing-pita.htmlhttp://www.uniindia.com/taeniasis-an-intestinal-infection-caused-by-3-species-of-tapeworms/science-technology/news/1158643.html

Cysticercosis & Neurocysticercosis

(Sacchidanand et al.)

(Sacchidanand et al.)

(Dhar et al)

(Dhar et al)

(Garcia)

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms & Pathologies

Treatment

Symptoms for Taeniasis

• Pain in the upper abdomen• Weight loss• Vomiting & Nausea• Jaundice• Irritation around the anus• Fatigue & dizziness

Symptoms for CC & NCC

• Headache• Bump shape• Fever• Convulsions• Allergic reactions

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms & Pathologies

Treatment

Neglected Tropical Diseases

• Lack of funding

• Inaccurate diagnostic tools

• Lack of data for drugs

• Lack of specificity in serological tests• ELISA

Proper Cooking

• Whole cuts of Meat • At least 145° F (63° C)• Rest for 3 minutes

• Ground Meat• at least 160° F (71° C)

How To Prevent T. Solium

• Washing hands and cooking meat properly• Looking for, treating and reporting the sources of infection• Treating the exposed contacts• Health education• Strict meat inspection• Vaccination for pigs ex. TSOL18 antigen

Distribution

Anatomy

Lifecycle

Diseases

Prevention

Symptoms & Pathologies

Treatment

Treatment

• Taeniasis• Mass chemotherapy (Praziquantel, Niclosamide)

• Cysticercosis/ Neurocysticercosis • praziquantel and/or albendazole, corticosteroid (controversial

when combination occur)• Surgery

References (1)• Aung, Ar and Denis W Spelman. Taenia Solium Taeniasis and

Cysticercosis in Southeast Asia. vol. 94, 2016.• Cai, Xuepeng et al. "Effective Production and Purification of the

Glycosylated Tsol18 Antigen, Which Is Protective against Pig Cysticercosis." Infection and immunity, vol. 76, no. 2, 2008, pp. 767-770, PubMed, doi:10.1128/IAI.00444-07.

• Chonkar, Shreya. “Taenia Solium Linnaeus: History and Functions.” Biology Discussion, 5 Nov. 2016, www.biologydiscussion.com/parasitology/parasitic-worm/taenia-solium-linnaeus-history-and-functions/62216.

• Dhar, M. et al. "Disseminated cysticercosis: Uncommon presentation of a common disease." Ann Trop Med Public Health, vol. 6, no. 3, 2013, pp. 317-320, http://www.atmph.org/text.asp?2013/6/3/317/120994

• Garcia, H. H. et al. "Taenia Solium Cysticercosis." Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9383, 2003, pp. 547-556, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14117-7.

References (2)• Geske, Rick. “Causal Agent of Taeniasis, Cysticercosis, and

Neurocysticercosis.” Taenia Solium, 2006, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/nutrition.htm.

• “Meningitis | Parasitic | CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/meningitis/parasitic.html.

• O'Neal, Seth et al. "Taenia Solium Tapeworm Infection, Oregon, 2006-2009." Emerging infectious diseases, vol. 17, no. 6, 2011, pp. 1030-1036,

PubMed, doi:10.3201/eid/1706.101397.• “Parasites - Taeniasis.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers

for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Jan. 2013, www.cdc.gov/parasites/taeniasis/prevent.html.

• Román, G. et al. "A proposal to declare neurocysticercosis an international reportable disease. "Bulletin of the world health organization, vol. 78, no. 3, 2000 pp. 399-496. SciELO, https://www.scielosp.org/article/bwho/2000.v78n3/399-406/#ModalArticles.

References (3)

• Sacchidanand, S. et al. "Disseminated Cutaneous Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis: A Rare Occurrence." Indian Dermatol Online J, vol. 3, no. 2, 2012, pp. 135-137, doi:10.4103/2229-5178.96716.

• Singh, G. and S. Prabhakar. Taenia Solium Cysticercosis : From Basic to Clinical Science. CABI, 2002.

• Uledi, Seif J. "A Rare Gigantic Solitary Cysticercosis Pseudotumour of the Neck." Journal of surgical case reports, vol. 2010, no. 9, 2010, pp. 5-5, PubMed, doi:10.1093/jscr/2010.9.5.

• Willingham, A. L., 3rd and D. Engels. "Control of Taenia Solium Cysticercosis/Taeniosis." Adv Parasitol, vol. 61, 2006, pp. 509-566, doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)61012-3.

General References

• http://www.teroes.com/2018/05/what-is-taeniasis.html• http://144penyakit.blogspot.com/2014/05/taeniasis-cacing-pita.html• http://www.uniindia.com/taeniasis-an-intestinal-infection-caused-by-

3-species-of-tapeworms/science-technology/news/1158643.html• https://gmch.gov.in/e-

study/e%20lectures/Microbiology/22%20Taenia.pdf