tackling the requirements jigsaw puzzle · crisis management system srs text • availability 1....
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Tackling the Requirements
Jigsaw Puzzle
Maria Pinto-Albuquerque1,2 and Awais Rashid1
[email protected] and [email protected]
1 School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University
2 ISCTE-IUL, Instituto Universitário Lisboa
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Presentation outline
Problem
Background and motivation
Proposal
Evaluation
Conclusion
Future work
RE 14 2 Aug 2014
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Stakeholders Req. Engineers
RE 14 3 Aug 2014
Be sure it is
nothing but
yellow!
It needs to be
red colour!
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Req. engineers
RE 14 4 Aug 2014
How can we enable them (the
stakeholders) to see the implications
of the requirements in each other?
We can show them the
SRS or the Use Cases…
and try to convince them.
Yeah! But the best would be if they
could see by themselves and
together we could find a solution !
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Problem
Present the requirements and conflicts in a
way that fosters
co-responsibility & co-ownership
the software system solution is not (only) a
RE analyst problem
Need – explicit representation RE 14 5 Aug 2014
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Background and motivation
Good techniques to identify and handle
ambiguity (Berry et al)
inconsistency (e.g. NFRF, viewpoint-based, modelling
languages)
Not appropriate to communicate with stakeholders -
heterogeneous background (non SE expert)
Need new approach – separation of:
processing information about conflicts from
the issue of communication those conflicts
RE 14 6 Aug 2014
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Background and motivation
Gotel: use of (good) visual metaphors for RE
geometric metaphors (UML, i*)
need to be learned, not suited when there is no org.
other visual (City – Knight/Panas/Wettel, Landscape - Balzer)
used for artifacts already existing
RE and creativity - Robertson02, Maiden04,05,07
analogical reasoning techniques
analogies difficult to understand
RE 14 7 Aug 2014
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Background and motivation
Stakeholders work together with the req. eng.
to create ideas for new systems
Need new visual metaphors
easy to understand visual analogies
analogies for artifacts that are being built
RE 14 8 Aug 2014
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Proposal
Two well understandable analogies Jigsaw puzzle – we are building a system
[Boccuzzo07] – badly-shaped means badly-designed
Metrics: well-shaped house (…) – well-designed class
Requirements Jigsaw Puzzle
RE 14 9 Aug 2014
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Proposal
Jigsaw puzzle piece represents a requirement
when the requirement text contains conflicts
with other requirements
the respective puzzle pieces almost fit together
but not perfectly
It communicates explicitly that exists a problem!
RE 14 10 Aug 2014
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Proposal - Crisis Management System SRS text
• Availability
1. The system shall be in operation 24 hours a day, everyday,
without break, throughout the year except for a maximum downtime
of 2 hours every 30 days for maintenance.
2. The system shall recover in a maximum of 30 seconds upon
failure.
• Real-time
1. The control centre shall receive and update the following
information on an on-going crisis at intervals not exceeding 30
seconds: resources deployed; civilian casualties...
2. The delay in communication of information between control
centre and rescue personnel as well as amongst rescue personnel
shall not exceed 500 milliseconds.
RE 14 11 Aug 2014
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Proposal - Crisis Management System jigsaw puzzle
RE 14 12 Aug 2014
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Proposal
RE 14 13 Aug 2014
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Evaluation - hypotheses
H1: Jigsaw puzzle game promotes a relaxed
environment
H2: Increased effectiveness in communication and
handling of conflicts, when compared with text
H3: Foster team work and communication
improving co-authoring and co-responsibility
RE 14 14 Aug 2014
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Evaluation - methodology
Experiments emulating a meeting planned for 2hrs
Collaborated as group, offering comments
Handled the pieces, picking them up of the
table and showing to others
Assembled the puzzle, trying different strategies
Discussed conflicts, searching for consensus
Handwrote a consensus list of conflicts and
possible solutions
Found all the conflicts we were aware +
some we had not thought a priori
Had fun!
RE 14 15 Aug 2014
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Evaluation - analysis
Users do prefer the jigsaw puzzle than textual
presentation
The detection of conflicts was almost always
more efficient with the jigsaw puzzle presentation
Users easily engaged in team work
co-responsibility and creative attitude
Users would like to have a digital jigsaw puzzle
but some do not want to abandon the physical puzzle
RE 14 16 Aug 2014
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Evaluation - conclusions
Jigsaw puzzle metaphor and its work mode
promotes fun, relaxation, creativity
no need to introduce a game in the meeting
the tool in use is a game - jigsaw puzzle !
the participants scan for conflicts
increases stakeholders’ awareness that this is
their problem too, and thus commitment
RE 14 17 Aug 2014
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Evaluation - conclusions
Jigsaw puzzle metaphor and its work mode
the participants use a common “document”
instead of each one its own (usual mode)
promotes team cooperation
meetings perceived as fun
eases the recruitment of participants
RE 14 18 Aug 2014
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Evaluation - threats to validity
Clarify bias
Formatting of the text in the pieces
Investigators also acting as meeting facilitators
Reporting and analysing results
Rich thick descriptions
Report discrepant information
Avoid familiarity and learning – different examples
Tiredness effect – reverse the order of text/jigsaw
Give ‘same’ information for text as for jigsaw
puzzle
RE 14 19 Aug 2014
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Conclusion
Jigsaw puzzle metaphor
adequate relevant communication means to
discuss requirements / conflicts - makes them explicit
Easily understandable language
Gaming nature of the language
Crucial separation of processing information
about conflict from communication of conflicts
RE 14 20 Aug 2014
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Future work
Develop realisation of the approach
integration of the tools to detect/rank conflicts
connection between conflict detection and
communication mechanism
Jig3P: what text treatment? how lay down pieces?
integration with the remaining tasks of system
development
RE 14 21 Aug 2014
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Future work
Jigsaw puzzle supported digitally
real-time intelligent interaction
add/update/remove requirements
collaborative functionalities: differentiate each
participant’s contributions
digital recognition of work done in physical pieces
enable work with both physical and digital pieces
RE 14 22 Aug 2014
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Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
RE 14 23 Aug 2014
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Evaluation – design
Unit of analysis – small group (3 to 5) participants
Experiment 1 – all requirement engineers
Experiment 2 – at least one RE expert, others engineers
from computing and no computing
Experiment 3 – one RE expert, one engineer with no RE
knowledge, and a manager
Data collection techniques
Participant observation (audio and video record analysis)
Brainstorm and think aloud
Reports written by one element on behalf of the group
Questionnaires
RE 14 24 Aug 2014