table of contents - chino valley unified school district€¦ · in an experiment, the temperature...
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Table of ContentsChapter Preview
3.1 States of Matter
3.2 Changes of State
3.3 The Behavior of Gases
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The space that matter fills is calleda. pressure.b. area.c. volume.d. mass.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The space that matter fills is calleda. pressure.b. area.c. volume.d. mass.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Which of the following describes a solid?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Which of the following describes a solid?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Which of the following describes a liquid?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Which of the following describes a liquid?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Which of the following describes a gas?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Which of the following describes a gas?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Suppose you leave a towel outon the beach on a hot, sunnyday. After a few hours, youreturn to get the towel. Howwould the temperature of thetowel have changed?
How do solids, liquids, and gases differ in the motionof their particles?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
High-Use Academic Words
Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Example Sentence
-ation State of, processof, act of
Noun Vaporization, evaporation,condensation, sublimation
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
High-Use Academic Words
Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Example Sentence
-ine Consisting of Adjective Crystalline
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
High-Use Academic Words
Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Example Sentence
-sion State of, processof, act of
Noun Surface tension
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Apply It!
Vapor is another word for gas. Use the chart above to predict themeaning of vaporization. Revise your definition as needed.When you come across an unfamiliar word, look at the suffix to helpyou determine the meaning. Then check the definition in theglossary or a dictionary.
Sample answer: Vaporization means the process or act of vaporizing or changing something into vapor.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Chapter Preview
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 1:States of Matter
How can you describe the motion of particles in a solid?How can you describe the motion of particles in a liquid?How can you describe the motion of particles in a gas?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
SolidsThe particles in a solid are closely locked in position and can only vibrate.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
SolidsSolids that are made up of crystals are called crystalline solids.
In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
LiquidsCompared to particles in a solid, the particles in a liquid are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
GasesIn gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Links on Solids
Click the SciLinks button for links on solids.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Viscosity
Click the Video button to watch a movie about viscosity.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Section:States of Matter
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 2:Changes of State
What happens to a substance during changes between solid and liquid?What happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas?What happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Changes Between Solid and LiquidThe change in state from a solid to a liquid is called melting.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Changes Between Solid and LiquidThe change from a liquid to a solid is called freezing.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Changes Between Liquid and GasThe change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of StateA beaker of ice at –10ºC was slowly heated to 110ºC. The graph shows how the temperature of the water changed over time.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of StateReading Graphs:
What two variables are plotted on the graph?
Temperature (ºC) on the y-axis, time (minutes) on the x-axis
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of StateReading Graphs:
What is happening to the temperature of the water during segment C of the graph?
The temperature is rising from 0ºC to 100ºC.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of StateInterpreting Data:
What does the temperature value for segment B represent? For segment D?
Segment B: melting point of ice; segment D: boiling point of water
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of StateDrawing Conclusions:
What change of state is occurring during segment B of the graph? During segment D?
Change from solid to liquid; change from liquid to gas
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Links on Changes of State
Click the SciLinks button for links on changes of state.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Section:Changes of State
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 3:The Behavior of Gases
What types of measurements are useful when working with gases?How are the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas related?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
A Change in PressureA punctured basketball deflates as gas particles begin to escape.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and VolumeWhen the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, its volume increases.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Pressure and VolumeAs weights are added, the gas particles occupy a smaller volume. The pressure increases.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Pressure and TemperatureWhen a gas is heated, the particles move faster and collide more often with each other and with the walls of their container. The pressure of the gas increases.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Gas Laws Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about gas laws.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas BehaviorIn an experiment, the temperature of a gas at a constant volume was varied. Gas pressure (in kilopascals) was measured after each 5-kelvin change in temperature. The data from the experiment are shown in the table.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas BehaviorGraphing
Use the data to make a line graph. Plot temperature on the horizontal axis with a scale from 270 K to 300 K. Plot pressure on the vertical axis with a scale from 0 kPato 25 kPa. (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa)
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Changing the temperature of a gas at constant volume changes its pressure in a similar way.
Interpreting Data
What was the manipulated variable in this experiment?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Pressure increases with temperature.
Interpreting Data
What kind of trend do the data show?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Gas pressure increases.
Drawing Conclusions
What happens to the pressure of a gas when temperature is increased at constant volume?
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Links on Gases
Click the SciLinks button for links on gases.
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Section:The Behavior of Gases
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
QuickTake Quiz
Click to start quiz.