Download - Table of Contents - Chino Valley Unified School District€¦ · In an experiment, the temperature of a gas at a constant volume was varied. Gas pressure (in kilopascals) was measured

Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Table of ContentsChapter Preview

3.1 States of Matter

3.2 Changes of State

3.3 The Behavior of Gases


Chapter Preview Questions

1. The space that matter fills is calleda. pressure.b. area.c. volume.d. mass.



2. Which of the following describes a solid?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume



3. Which of the following describes a liquid?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume



4. Which of the following describes a gas?a. definite volume but no definite shapeb. definite shape and definite volumec. neither definite shape nor definite volumed. definite shape but no definite volume


Suppose you leave a towel outon the beach on a hot, sunnyday. After a few hours, youreturn to get the towel. Howwould the temperature of thetowel have changed?

How do solids, liquids, and gases differ in the motionof their particles?


High-Use Academic Words

Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Example Sentence

-ation State of, processof, act of

Noun Vaporization, evaporation,condensation, sublimation




-ine Consisting of Adjective Crystalline




-sion State of, processof, act of

Noun Surface tension


Apply It!

Vapor is another word for gas. Use the chart above to predict themeaning of vaporization. Revise your definition as needed.When you come across an unfamiliar word, look at the suffix to helpyou determine the meaning. Then check the definition in theglossary or a dictionary.

Sample answer: Vaporization means the process or act of vaporizing or changing something into vapor.


End of Chapter Preview


Section 1:States of Matter

How can you describe the motion of particles in a solid?How can you describe the motion of particles in a liquid?How can you describe the motion of particles in a gas?


SolidsThe particles in a solid are closely locked in position and can only vibrate.


SolidsSolids that are made up of crystals are called crystalline solids.

In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.


LiquidsCompared to particles in a solid, the particles in a liquid are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another.


GasesIn gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.


Links on Solids

Click the SciLinks button for links on solids.

http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=scn&wcsuffix=1031


Viscosity

Click the Video button to watch a movie about viscosity.


End of Section:States of Matter


Section 2:Changes of State

What happens to a substance during changes between solid and liquid?What happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas?What happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas?


Changes Between Solid and LiquidThe change in state from a solid to a liquid is called melting.


Changes Between Solid and LiquidThe change from a liquid to a solid is called freezing.


Changes Between Liquid and GasThe change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization.


Temperature and Changes of StateA beaker of ice at –10ºC was slowly heated to 110ºC. The graph shows how the temperature of the water changed over time.


Temperature and Changes of StateReading Graphs:

What two variables are plotted on the graph?

Temperature (ºC) on the y-axis, time (minutes) on the x-axis


Temperature and Changes of StateReading Graphs:

What is happening to the temperature of the water during segment C of the graph?

The temperature is rising from 0ºC to 100ºC.


Temperature and Changes of StateInterpreting Data:

What does the temperature value for segment B represent? For segment D?

Segment B: melting point of ice; segment D: boiling point of water


Temperature and Changes of StateDrawing Conclusions:

What change of state is occurring during segment B of the graph? During segment D?

Change from solid to liquid; change from liquid to gas


Links on Changes of State

Click the SciLinks button for links on changes of state.

http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=scn&wcsuffix=1032


End of Section:Changes of State


Section 3:The Behavior of Gases

What types of measurements are useful when working with gases?How are the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas related?


A Change in PressureA punctured basketball deflates as gas particles begin to escape.


Temperature and VolumeWhen the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, its volume increases.


Pressure and VolumeAs weights are added, the gas particles occupy a smaller volume. The pressure increases.


Pressure and TemperatureWhen a gas is heated, the particles move faster and collide more often with each other and with the walls of their container. The pressure of the gas increases.


Gas Laws Activity

Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about gas laws.


Graphing Gas BehaviorIn an experiment, the temperature of a gas at a constant volume was varied. Gas pressure (in kilopascals) was measured after each 5-kelvin change in temperature. The data from the experiment are shown in the table.


Graphing Gas BehaviorGraphing

Use the data to make a line graph. Plot temperature on the horizontal axis with a scale from 270 K to 300 K. Plot pressure on the vertical axis with a scale from 0 kPato 25 kPa. (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa)


Graphing Gas Behavior

Changing the temperature of a gas at constant volume changes its pressure in a similar way.

Interpreting Data

What was the manipulated variable in this experiment?



Pressure increases with temperature.

Interpreting Data

What kind of trend do the data show?



Gas pressure increases.

Drawing Conclusions

What happens to the pressure of a gas when temperature is increased at constant volume?


Links on Gases

Click the SciLinks button for links on gases.

http://www.scilinks.org/fromoutside.asp?sciLINKSNumber=scn-1124&type=student


End of Section:The Behavior of Gases


QuickTake Quiz

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Download - Table of Contents - Chino Valley Unified School District€¦ · In an experiment, the temperature of a gas at a constant volume was varied. Gas pressure (in kilopascals) was measured

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