table of common herbs and supplements
TRANSCRIPT
Table of Common Herbs and Supplements
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Aca
i (ah
-sig
h-EE
)◆
◆B
erry
from
Sou
th a
nd
Cen
tral
Am
eric
a
Ant
i-can
cer
Ant
i-oxi
dant
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
No
scie
ntifi
c st
udie
s do
ne o
n us
e fo
r m
edic
al c
ondi
tion
s
Alle
rgic
to
acai
or
plan
ts in
pal
m fa
mily
May
aff
ect
MR
I res
ults
AD
Rs:
Hyp
erte
nsio
nG
I ble
edin
gU
lcer
s
Juic
e, c
apsu
le, p
owde
r,
tabl
ets
Wid
ely
used
, no
spec
ific
dosi
ng
Alo
e V
era
“bur
n pl
ant”
“l
ily o
f the
des
ert”
◆◆
Leav
es c
onta
in a
cle
ar g
el t
hat
can
be u
sed
topi
cally
◆◆
Gre
en p
art
of le
af t
hat
surr
ound
s
gel p
rodu
ces
juic
e or
dri
ed
subs
tanc
e (l
atex
) th
at c
an b
e
take
n or
ally
◆◆
Use
d ba
ck 6
000
year
s to
Eg
ypti
an t
imes
Scie
ntifi
c st
udie
s sh
ow b
enef
it
for
topi
cal g
el h
ealin
g bu
rns
and
abra
sion
s; h
owev
er, m
ay n
ot
wor
k fo
r de
ep s
urgi
cal w
ound
s or
ra
diat
ion
wou
nds
Laxa
tive
aff
ect
take
n or
ally
Inac
tiva
tes
HSV
2 vi
rus
Bac
teri
osta
tic
prop
erti
es
Con
tain
s st
erol
s w
ith
an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory
prop
erti
es
* Tox
icol
ogy
stud
y of
ora
l who
le le
af e
xtra
ct f
ound
ris
k of
car
cino
geni
city
in la
b an
imal
s* T
opic
al a
loe
has
no k
now
n si
de e
ffec
tsA
DR
s w
ith
oral
alo
e:Lo
wer
s bl
ood
suga
r by
sti
mul
atin
g in
sulin
Dia
rrhe
a/ab
d.cr
amps
Arr
hyth
mia
from
hyp
okal
emia
Con
tac
derm
atit
is, s
ting
ing,
sor
enes
sA
cute
hep
atit
is, r
enal
failu
re, n
ephr
itis
Abo
rtifa
cent
, may
↑ut
erin
e bl
eedi
ngA
void
in p
regn
ancy
and
lact
atio
nA
void
per
iope
rati
vely
; has
cau
sed
blee
ding
Top
ical
alo
e on
ly
Use
of
oral
alo
e no
t re
c-om
men
ded
due
to s
afet
y co
ncer
ns
Use
of
IM a
nd IV
alo
e ha
ve b
een
asso
ciat
ed
wit
h de
ath
Avo
id if
hx
of a
llerg
ies
to
any
mem
ber
of L
iliac
eae
fam
ily (
tulip
s, li
lies,
hya
-ci
nths
, oni
ons,
asp
arag
us,
and
garl
ic)
Ash
wag
anda
“w
itha
nia
som
nife
ra”
Use
s: A
dapt
ogen
Ant
i-art
hrit
is
Ant
i-agi
ng
Type
2 D
iabe
tes
Mel
litus
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Park
inso
n’s
dise
ase
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
: has
bee
n us
ed a
s ab
orti
face
ntA
DR
s:↓
bp↓
bs↑
WB
C↑
plat
elet
s↓
tes
tost
eron
e/FS
H le
vels
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:A
lcoh
ol, s
edat
ives
, anx
ioly
tics↑
sed
atio
nA
void
wit
h di
uret
ics-↑
effe
cts
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↑hy
pogl
ycem
iaA
ntih
yper
tens
ives
↑hy
pote
nsio
nTh
yroi
d ho
rmon
es-a
lter
eff
ect
In c
apsu
les,
tab
lets
, tea
Tabl
ets
are
stan
dard
ized
Dos
e: 1
-6 g
in c
apsu
le o
r te
a qd
Or
3-12
g in
com
bina
tion
w
ith
othe
r he
rbs
Pedi
atri
c do
sage
: (8-
12
year
s on
ly)
2g q
d fo
r no
>6
0 da
ys
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Asi
an G
inse
ng
“Kor
ean
gins
eng”
“C
hine
se g
inse
ng”
◆◆
Not
e: S
iber
ian
gins
eng
is n
ot
gins
eng
at a
ll
Use
s: a
dapt
ogen
, sta
min
a, m
enta
l an
d ph
ysic
al p
erfo
rman
ce
Hep
atit
is C
Men
opau
se
Erec
tile
dys
func
tion
Hyp
erte
nsio
n
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Stud
ies:
may
low
er b
lood
glu
cose
; m
ay h
elp
imm
une
func
tion
NC
CA
M r
esea
rch
curr
entl
y in
ca
ncer
and
Alz
heim
er’s
dis
ease
↑T
cell
and
lym
phoc
yte
acti
vity
May
inhi
bit
RN
A t
ype
viru
ses
May
hav
e an
tiox
idan
t pr
oper
ties
* Ris
k al
lerg
ic r
eact
ions
* Not
rec
omm
ende
d in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
due
to
horm
onal
and
tox
ic e
ffec
ts, t
erat
ogen
* ↑ r
isk
brea
st c
ance
r-st
imul
ates
bre
ast
canc
er c
ells
* avo
id in
ast
hma,
arr
hyth
mia
, HTN
, psy
chia
tric
dis
orde
r
* sto
p pr
e-op
erat
ivel
y du
e to
ble
edin
g ef
fect
AD
Rs:
H/A
GI d
istu
rban
ce, a
ppet
ite
chan
ges
Slee
p di
stur
banc
e
Arr
hyth
mia
Ane
mia
Stev
ens-
John
sons
Syn
drom
e
↑es
trog
enic
eff
ects
Men
stru
al c
hang
es, ↑
blee
ding
Mas
talg
ia, b
reas
t gr
owth
Man
ia in
bip
olar
dis
orde
r
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts ↑
or↓
bs
anti
hype
rten
sive
s-al
ter
effe
ct
anti
psyc
hoti
cs ↑
seda
tion
, ↑ef
fect
estr
ogen
↑ef
fect
seda
tive
s ↑
seda
tion
Roo
t is
dri
ed fo
r ta
blet
s,
caps
ules
, ext
ract
s, t
eas
Tabl
et a
nd c
apsu
le
stan
dard
ized
to
4 %
gi
nsen
osid
es (
acti
ve
ingr
edie
nt)
Shor
t te
rm u
se: u
p to
2
g/da
y Pa
nax
gins
eng
Long
-ter
m u
se: 1
g/d
ay
Pana
x gi
nsen
g
Not
e: g
inse
ng is
add
ed
to m
any
com
mer
cial
be
vera
ges
curr
entl
y
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Pan
ax G
inse
ng “
Am
eric
an g
inse
ng”
See
Asi
an G
inse
ng
Use
s: A
DH
D, c
hron
ic H
epat
itis
B,
CH
F, d
emen
tia,
CA
D, h
yper
lipid
emia
, m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s, IT
P, M
RSA
, di
abet
ic r
enal
dis
ease
See
abov
eSe
e ab
ove
Ast
ralg
us “
milk
vet
ch”
◆◆
Trad
itio
nal C
hine
se M
edic
ine
for
imm
unit
y, c
ance
rs, a
nd h
epat
itis
◆◆
In le
gum
e fa
mily
◆◆
300
spec
ies
grow
in N
orth
Am
er-
ica;
som
e to
xic
to li
vest
ock
Und
er s
tudy
: pot
enti
al b
enef
its
for
imm
une
syst
em, l
iver
,hea
rt, a
nd
adju
ncti
ve c
ance
r th
erap
y
2005
Coc
hran
e st
udy:
som
e im
mun
e st
imul
atio
n an
d ↓
N/V
in c
olor
ecta
l ca
ncer
Ant
ioxi
dant
eff
ects
Use
d in
CA
D a
nd D
M
Use
d in
hep
atit
is, H
IV,
hepa
topr
otec
tion
Che
mot
hera
py s
ide
effe
cts
Men
tal p
erfo
rman
ce
Smok
ing
cess
atio
n
UR
I, bu
rns
* som
e as
trag
alus
spe
cies
, mos
tly
not
foun
d in
di
etar
y su
pple
men
ts u
sed,
mig
ht b
e to
xic.
Som
e sp
ecie
s to
xic
leve
ls o
f se
leni
um a
nd s
ome
cont
ain
neur
otox
in s
wai
nson
ine
whi
ch h
as c
ause
d “l
oco-
wee
d” p
oiso
ning
in a
nim
als.
Die
tary
sup
plem
ent
astr
algu
s is
gen
eral
ly c
onsi
dere
d sa
fe fo
r m
ost
adul
ts
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
may
inte
ract
wit
h im
mun
e su
ppre
ssan
ts, s
uch
as
can
cer
drug
cyc
loph
osph
amid
e an
d or
gan
tran
spla
nt d
rugs
.
AD
Rs:
↓B
S,↓
HR
, ↓B
S
Dia
rrhe
a
Ble
edin
g: in
tera
cts
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
Avo
id in
imm
une
diso
rder
s, t
rans
plan
ts,
blee
ding
dis
orde
rs
Roo
t us
ed in
tea
s, s
oups
, ca
psul
es, e
xtra
cts,
tin
ctur
e,
IM a
nd IV
No
spec
ific
dosi
ng
reco
mm
enda
tion
s
Mos
tly
used
as
drie
d ro
ot,
cons
ider
ed n
on-t
oxic
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Bilb
erry
“H
uckl
eber
ry”
“E
urop
ean
blue
berr
y”◆
◆R
elat
ed t
o bl
uebe
rry
◆◆
Ber
ries
or
drie
d le
aves
ar
e m
edic
inal
◆◆
Use
d fo
r 10
00 y
ears
in E
urop
ean
folk
med
icin
es, e
spec
ially
for
scur
vy
and
diar
rhea
Con
tain
s an
thoc
yano
side
s (t
ype
of fl
avin
oid)
:↑m
icro
circ
ulat
ion,
an
tiox
idan
t, p
late
let
inhi
bito
r,
anti
-infla
mm
ator
y,↓
capi
llary
fr
agili
ty, p
rese
rves
end
othe
lium
Ath
eros
cler
osis
Peri
pher
al v
ascu
lar
dise
ase
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Pept
ic u
lcer
dis
ease
Dia
rrhe
a
Cat
arac
ts a
nd g
lauc
oma
Ret
inop
athy
4 st
udie
s sh
owed
no
bene
fit fo
r ni
ght
visi
on
1 st
udy
show
ed p
ossi
ble
anti
prol
if-er
ativ
e ef
fect
s on
col
on c
ance
r ce
lls
Not
eno
ugh
scie
ntifi
c ev
iden
ce fo
r ot
her
indi
cati
ons
AD
R:
↓B
P
↓ o
r↑ b
lood
sug
ar
Dia
rrhe
a, n
ause
a
Hep
atot
oxic
ity
Ble
edin
g
Dru
g in
tera
ctio
ns:
anti
coag
ulan
ts→↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts-↑↓
blo
od s
ugar
anti
hype
rten
sive
s→↓
BP
estr
ogen
-may↓
abso
rpti
on
Avo
id in
alle
rgy
to b
lueb
erri
es o
r sa
me
fam
ily
of b
erri
es
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
In d
ried
leav
es, b
erri
es,
extr
act,
tin
ctur
e, c
apsu
les,
ta
blet
s
No
spec
ific
dosi
ng
reco
mm
enda
tion
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Bla
ck C
ohos
h “b
lack
sna
kero
ot”
“bug
bane
” “b
ugw
ort”
◆◆
Not
sam
e as
blu
e co
hosh
◆◆
Con
tain
s sa
licyl
ic a
cid
◆◆
Mem
ber
of b
utte
rcup
fam
ily◆
◆U
sed
in N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
and
A
mer
ican
folk
med
icin
e fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sx,
indu
ctio
n of
la
bor,
rhe
umat
ism
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
m
ost
trad
itio
nal
Stud
y re
sult
s m
ixed
on
this
.◆
◆N
CC
AM
stu
dy—
faile
d to
rel
ieve
ni
ght
swea
ts a
nd h
ot fl
ashe
s◆
◆N
IH 2
008—
inad
equa
te s
uppo
rt
for
use
◆◆
Ger
man
E C
omm
issi
on—
appr
oved
fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sx,
not
>6
mon
ths
◆◆
Nor
th A
mer
ican
Men
opau
se
Soci
ety
(200
4) r
ecom
men
ds◆
◆In
suff
icie
nt s
tudi
es fo
r sa
fety
>6
mon
ths
or fo
r rh
eum
atis
m
* Uni
ted
Stat
es P
harm
acop
eia:
wom
en s
houl
d di
scon
tinu
e us
e of
bla
ck c
ohos
h an
d co
nsul
t a
heal
th c
are
prac
titi
oner
if t
hey
have
a li
ver
diso
rder
or
dev
elop
sym
ptom
s of
live
r tr
oubl
e, s
uch
as
abdo
min
al p
ain,
dar
k ur
ine,
or
jaun
dice
.
seve
ral c
ase
repo
rts
of h
epat
itis
and
live
r fa
ilure
; not
kn
own
if bl
ack
coho
sh w
as c
ause
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; can
indu
ce la
bor
AD
Rs:
Stom
ach
pain
,con
stip
atio
n
H/A
, ras
h, d
izzi
ness
Ble
edin
g, b
ruis
ing
↑ri
sk C
VA
Mas
talg
ia, u
teri
ne b
leed
ing
↑ri
sk h
orm
one-
asso
ciat
ed fe
mal
e ca
ncer
s
Hep
atot
oxic
ity
Dru
g In
tera
ctio
ns
CYP
450
2D
6 dr
ugs
Ant
icoa
gula
nt d
rugs
↑ b
leed
ing
from
sa
licyl
ate
ingr
edie
nt
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es-↓
BP
Hep
atot
oxic
dru
gs→
liver
failu
re
Che
mot
hera
peut
ic d
rugs
Tam
oxife
n, a
ntie
stro
gens
, HR
T, O
CP→
estr
ogen
ic
effe
ct
thyr
oid→
hype
rthy
roid
ism
Extr
act
from
dri
ed r
hizo
me
and
root
In c
aple
ts, c
apsu
les,
pow
-de
red
root
, dri
ed r
hizo
me,
te
a, t
inct
ure
OTC
: Bla
ck C
ohos
h as
Rem
ifem
in in
dos
age
20
mg
bid
Oth
er b
rand
s:
Men
opau
se S
uppo
rt
Estr
oven
(in
clud
es o
ther
in
gred
ient
s)
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
But
terb
ur “
Pet
adol
ex”
pa
tent
ed n
ame
◆◆
pere
nnia
l shr
ub◆
◆le
af, r
oot
and
rhiz
ome
used
for
extr
act
Ast
hma
Alle
rgic
rhi
niti
s
Mig
rain
e pr
ophy
laxi
s
smoo
th m
uscl
e re
laxa
nt
leuk
otri
ene
and
CO
X-2
inhi
bito
r
anti
chol
iner
gic
effe
ct p
ossi
ble
Stud
ies
show
as
muc
h ef
fect
iven
ess
as
anti
hist
amin
e fo
r al
lerg
ies
Som
e st
udie
s sh
ow e
ffec
tive
ness
for
mig
rain
e tr
eatm
ent
Con
flict
ing
resu
lts
on a
sthm
a
DA
NG
ER: N
AT
UR
AL
PR
OD
UC
T C
ON
TA
INS
PYR
RO
LIZI
DIN
E A
LKA
LOID
(PA
’S) →
CA
USE
LI
VER
DA
MA
GE
AN
D R
ISK
CA
RC
INO
GEN
ICIT
Y
* Onl
y bu
tter
bur
prod
ucts
tha
t ha
ve b
een
pr
oces
sed
to r
emov
e P
As
and
are
labe
led
or
cer
tifie
d as
PA
-fre
e sh
ould
be
used
.
Avo
id if
alle
rgic
to
ASt
erac
eae
fam
ily =
ragw
eed,
m
arig
old,
dai
sies
, chr
ysan
them
ums
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
Bel
chin
g, a
bd p
ain,
N/V
/D
Dep
ress
ion
Uri
nary
ret
enti
on
Ras
h, p
ruri
tus
Prur
itus
eye
s, a
sthm
a
drow
sine
ss
Dru
g In
tera
ctio
ns
Cal
cium
cha
nnel
blo
cker
s
Ant
icho
liner
gics
↑sx
Vas
odila
tors
(va
sodi
late
s)
Test
oste
rone↓
it
Chr
onot
rope
s an
d is
otro
pes→
nega
tive
act
ivit
y
Soft
gel,
pow
der,
tin
ctur
e,
extr
act,
cap
sule
Extr
act
is s
tand
ardi
zed
Alle
rgic
rhi
niti
s: P
etas
in
(Tes
alin
) 8m
g up
to
QID
Ast
hma:
Pet
afor
ce
50-1
50m
g bi
d-ti
d pr
n
Mig
rain
e pr
even
tion
: Pe
tado
lex
50-7
5mg
bid
up
to
4 m
onth
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Cat
’s C
law
◆◆
Cen
tral
and
Sou
th A
mer
ica
◆◆
Dat
es t
o us
e by
Inca
s
Stud
ies
show
pos
sibl
e be
nefit
in r
heu-
mat
oid
arth
riti
s an
d os
teoa
rthr
itis
In v
itro
stu
dy: p
ossi
ble
use
as
anti
vira
l, an
titu
mor
age
nt
imm
unos
tim
ulan
t
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
effe
ct
Enha
nces
DN
A r
epai
r
↑ph
agoc
ytos
is
Free
rad
ical
sca
veng
er
Poss
ible
res
earc
h on
Alz
heim
er’s
di
seas
e be
nefit
* som
e pr
epar
atio
ns f
rom
Per
u m
ay b
e co
ntam
inat
ed w
ith
fung
us, o
ther
her
bs,
aero
bes
and
be t
oxic
AD
Rs:
Seda
tion
↓B
P
↓es
trad
iol a
nd p
roge
ster
one
One
rep
ort
rena
l fai
lure
in S
LE p
atie
nt
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; tra
diti
onal
use
as
abo
rtifa
cent
Avo
id w
ith
hx a
utoi
mm
une
dise
ase,
hyp
oten
sion
, re
nal t
rans
plan
t, r
enal
dis
ease
, im
mun
osup
pres
sion
, bl
eedi
ng d
isor
ders
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
CYP
3A
4 ↑
leve
ls
anti
hype
rten
sive
s↓B
P
anti
arrh
ythm
ics:
↑ a
rrhy
thm
ias
anti
coag
ulan
ts:↑
blee
ding
ris
k
calc
ium
cha
nnel
blo
cker
s: ↑
effe
ct
imm
unos
uppr
essa
nts:↓
leve
ls
neph
roto
xic
drug
s: →
rena
l fai
lure
iron
:↓ab
sorp
tion
Cap
sule
, tab
let,
tin
ctur
e,
tea,
bar
k/le
aves
/roo
ts
in d
ried
, cut
or
po
wde
red
form
s
Gen
eral
use
: 250
-100
0mg
1-3
x/da
y
Free
ze d
ried
ext
ract
: 10
0mg/
day
Oth
er fo
rms
avai
labl
e
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Cha
mom
ile◆
◆G
erm
an c
ham
omile
is m
ore
com
mon
for
supp
lem
ents
Stud
ies:
◆◆
indi
cate
som
e be
nefit
for
gene
ral-
ized
anx
iety
dis
orde
r◆
◆be
nefit
for
infa
nt c
olic
, chi
ldre
n’s
diar
rhea
, GI u
pset
◆◆
bene
fit fo
r m
outh
ulc
ers
in r
adia
-ti
on o
r ch
emot
hera
py
Com
mon
use
s fo
r ra
diat
ion
skin
is
sues
, wou
nd h
ealin
g, a
nxie
ty
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
and
an
ti-s
pasm
odic
eff
ects
Seda
tive
eff
ects
may
be
from
bin
ding
to
ben
zodi
azep
ine
rece
ptor
s
* Avo
id in
alle
rgie
s to
dai
sy fa
mily
: rag
wee
d, c
hrys
an-
them
ums,
mar
igol
ds, a
nd d
aisi
es: r
isk
of a
naph
y-la
xis
or o
ther
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
n
* avo
id w
ith
alle
rgie
s to
oni
ons,
gar
lic, a
nd a
rtem
esia
* avo
id t
akin
g w
ith
alco
hol
AD
Rs:
Seda
tion
↓B
P, B
S, ↑
hear
t ra
te
Vom
itin
g
Ast
hma
Alt
er m
ense
s
↑ b
leed
ing
risk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
CYP
450
inte
ract
ions
CN
S de
pres
sant
s: ↑
seda
tion
War
fari
n:↑
INR
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
: ↓ B
S
Ant
icoa
gula
nts:
↑bl
eedi
ng r
isk
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s: ↑
hea
rt r
ate
Flow
ers
used
to
mak
e ta
b-le
ts, e
xtra
ct, t
ea, c
ream
s,
mou
th r
inse
, bat
h ad
diti
ves
Tea:
up
to 8
g dr
ied
flow
ers
Cap
sule
s: u
p to
16
00 m
g/da
y
Cre
am: 2
%-1
0%
cham
omile
ext
ract
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Dan
delio
n◆
◆us
ed in
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an a
nd
Ara
bic
med
icin
e
Use
s: li
ver
or k
idne
y to
nics
Diu
reti
cs
GI d
istu
rban
ces
Hig
h V
itam
in A
con
tent
and
hig
h po
tass
ium
con
tent
in d
ried
her
b
Stud
ies:
no
scie
ntifi
c ev
iden
ce fo
r m
edic
al c
ondi
tion
s
May
hav
e di
uret
ic a
nd im
mun
e-m
odul
atin
g ef
fect
s
May
hav
e an
tiox
idan
t ef
fect
s
* som
e al
lerg
ies/
anap
hyla
xis
to d
ande
lions
* som
e re
port
s of
GI u
pset
wit
h us
e
* do
not
use
wit
h ga
llbla
dder
dis
ease
as ↑
bile
sec
reti
on
AD
Rs:
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
↓pl
atel
ets
↑po
tass
ium
V t
ach,
V fi
b
↓bs
Alt
ers
estr
ogen
, pro
gest
eron
e, F
SH
DR
UG
INTE
RA
CTI
ON
S:
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
, est
roge
ns (↑
effe
ct),
diu
reti
cs
(↑ef
fect
), n
iaci
n (↑
effe
ct);
anti
arrh
ythm
ics ↑
arr
hyth
mia
Leav
es a
nd r
oots
or
who
le
plan
t, u
sed
fres
h or
dri
ed
in t
eas,
cap
sule
s, o
r ex
trac
ts.
Dan
delio
n le
aves
use
d in
sa
lads
or
as c
ooke
d gr
een
Flow
ers
used
for
win
e
Don
g Q
uai
◆◆
from
Ang
elic
a si
nens
is p
lant
D
ysm
enor
rhea
l
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
Men
stru
al H
/A
Poss
ible
ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory,
an
tiox
idan
t ef
fect
s
Poss
ible
ant
ispa
smod
ic, G
I st
imul
ant
effe
cts
Poss
ible
ant
ipla
tele
t ef
fect
(c
oum
arin
der
ivat
ive)
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
eff
ect
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; can
cau
se u
teri
ne
cont
ract
ions
and
con
geni
tal m
alfo
rmat
ions
* avo
id in
ble
edin
g di
sord
ers,
do
not
use
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
* pos
sibl
e ca
rcin
ogen
ic p
oten
tial
AD
Rs:
Seda
tion
↓bp
GI s
ympt
oms
Ble
edin
g
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
icoa
gula
nts
Hor
mon
al m
edic
atio
ns
anti
hype
rten
sive
s
Roo
t us
ed fo
r ca
psul
e
or t
able
ts
Med
icin
al u
se s
afet
y
is u
ncle
ar
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Echi
nace
a “p
urpl
e co
neflo
wer
”Im
mun
e-st
imul
ant
Use
d fo
r U
RIs
and
oth
er in
fect
ions
, in
clud
ing
wou
nds
Stud
ies:
con
flict
ing
stud
ies
on u
sefu
l-ne
ss fo
r tr
eati
ng U
RIs
, som
e po
siti
ve
NC
CA
M s
tudy
ing
usef
ulne
ss fo
r im
mun
ity
Ger
man
E c
omm
issi
on a
ppro
ved
for
trea
tmen
t of
col
ds, c
hron
ic r
espi
ra-
tory
and
GU
tra
ct in
fect
ions
Use
d fo
r ge
nita
l her
pes
May
hav
e an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory,
ant
ifun-
gal,
and
free
rad
ical
sca
veng
er e
ffec
ts
May
be
imm
une
supp
ress
ant
or
imm
une
stim
ulan
t
* Pot
enti
al a
naph
ylac
tic
or a
llerg
ic r
eact
ions
, ast
hma,
es
peci
ally
wit
h al
lerg
y to
dai
sy fa
mily
: mar
igol
ds,
chry
sant
hem
ums,
dai
sies
, rag
wee
d.
* Alle
rgie
s m
ore
com
mon
in t
hose
who
are
ato
pic,
w
ith
ecze
ma
or a
sthm
a
* Avo
id in
peo
ple
need
ing
imm
unos
uppr
essi
on
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
* Dis
cont
inue
bef
ore
surg
ery
or m
ay a
ffec
t w
ound
he
alin
g an
d in
fect
ion
rate
* Avo
id in
aut
oim
mun
e di
seas
e, c
olla
gen
vasc
ular
di
seas
e, H
IV, l
iver
dis
ease
, MS,
TB
AD
Rs:
Ras
hes
GI s
ide
effe
cts
Diz
zine
ss, n
ervo
usne
ss, H
/A
Atr
ial f
ibri
llati
on, p
alpi
tati
ons
HTN
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
May
agg
rava
te a
utoi
mm
une
dise
ase
or in
crea
se
imm
une
resp
onse
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Am
oxic
illin
: rha
bdom
yoly
sis,
dea
th
Ant
icoa
gula
nts:↑
blee
ding
Cor
tico
ster
oids
:↓im
mun
osup
pres
sive
eff
ect
Stat
ins,
ace
tam
inop
hen:↑
risk
hep
atot
oxic
ity
Plan
t an
d ro
ots
used
to
mak
e ju
ice
(exp
ress
ed),
te
as, e
xtra
cts,
oth
er fo
rms.
Dos
e: U
RI 5
00-1
000m
g ti
d
Dos
e: p
edia
tric
dos
ing
usua
lly w
eigh
t-ba
sed,
see
ot
her
sour
ces
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Ephe
dra
“ma
huan
g”◆
◆ev
ergr
een
shru
b th
at h
as b
een
used
50
00 y
ears
in In
dia
and
Chi
na◆
◆po
wer
ful s
tim
ulan
t of
ner
vous
0s
yste
m a
nd h
eart
use
d to
tre
at
resp
irat
ory
cond
itio
ns, f
lu,
asth
ma,
feve
r
Use
s:
Wei
ght
loss
Ener
gy s
uppl
emen
t
Ath
leti
c pe
rfor
man
ce
Am
phet
amin
e-lik
e; p
rim
ary
com
po-
nent
is e
phed
rine
Stud
ies:
hig
her
rate
of c
alls
to
pois
on
cont
rol c
ente
rs a
bout
sev
ere
side
ef
fect
s
Stud
ies:
↑ri
sk s
trok
e, H
TN, c
ardi
ac
prob
lem
s, G
I sid
e ef
fect
s
Ris
ks o
f ben
efit
for
shor
t te
rm w
eigh
t lo
ss is
out
wei
ghed
by
risk
s
* US
bann
ed s
ale
of d
ieta
ry s
uppl
emen
ts w
ith
ephe
dra
in 2
004
* rep
orts
of
stro
ke, M
I, su
dden
dea
th
* can
wor
sen
diab
etes
, CV
D, r
enal
dis
ease
* can
cau
se s
eizu
res
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on
AD
Rs:
Anx
iety
, psy
chos
is, t
rem
ors
Dry
mou
th, G
I irr
itat
ion,
nau
sea
HTN
, arr
hyth
mia
, hea
rt d
amag
e
Uri
nary
obs
truc
tion
Slee
p pr
oble
ms
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ane
sthe
tics
-alt
er e
ffec
t, ↑
bp
ETO
H-p
sych
osis
wit
h ca
ffei
ne
Caf
fein
e-↑
toxi
city
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents↓
effe
ct
anti
conv
ulsa
nts↓
effe
ct
ergo
t al
kalo
ids↑
hype
rten
sive
cri
sis
phen
othi
azin
es↑
arrh
ythm
ia, d
eath
Dri
ed s
tem
s an
d le
aves
m
ake
tabl
ets,
tin
ctur
es,
caps
ules
, tea
s
Ephe
dra
still
allo
wed
in
Chi
nese
her
bal r
emed
ies
and
teas
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Even
ing
Pri
mro
se O
il (E
PO
) Ye
llow
flow
er:
◆◆
cont
ains
gam
ma-
linol
enic
aci
d (G
LA),
ess
enti
al fa
tty
acid
, re
quir
ed b
y th
e bo
dy a
nd
obta
ined
from
the
die
t.
Use
s: e
czem
a, in
flam
mat
ion
Mas
talg
ia, P
MS
Men
opau
se s
ympt
oms
Can
cer
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Stud
ies:
sho
w s
ome
bene
fit fo
r rh
eum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis,
ecz
ema,
PM
S, m
asta
lgia
May
hav
e an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory,
va
sodi
lato
ry, a
nd a
nti-p
late
let
ef
fect
s
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y/la
ctat
ion:
↑ri
sk c
ompl
icat
ions
, ru
ptur
e of
mem
bran
es
AD
Rs:
GI u
pset
H/A
Ras
h
Dep
ress
ion
Seiz
ures
in p
ts w
itho
ut s
eizu
re r
isk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ane
sthe
sia:
↓se
izur
e th
resh
old
Ant
icoa
gula
nts:↑
blee
ding
ris
k
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es:↓
bp
TCA
s: ↓
seiz
ure
thre
shol
d
Ant
isei
zure
age
nts:↑
risk
sei
zure
s
Oil
extr
acte
d fr
om s
eeds
an
d pu
t in
cap
sule
s
Prod
ucts
sta
ndar
dize
d
for
8% G
LA a
nd 7
2%
linol
eic
acid
Fenu
gree
k◆
◆us
ed b
ack
to E
gypt
ian
tim
es◆
◆U
sed
to in
duce
chi
ldbi
rth
◆◆
Use
d to
hel
p di
gest
ion
and
men
opau
se s
ympt
oms
Use
d in
coo
king
Use
d fo
r di
abet
es m
ellit
us
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Loss
of a
ppet
ite
Stim
ulat
es m
ilk p
rodu
ctio
n
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy
AD
Rs:
Blo
atin
g, fl
atul
ence
, dia
rrhe
a
Hyp
ogly
cem
ia
Hyp
okal
emia
Mis
carr
iage
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Alc
ohol
-↓he
pato
toxi
city
Ana
lges
ics-
addi
tive
eff
ects
Ant
icoa
gula
nts-↑
blee
ding
ris
k
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
-↑hy
pogl
ycem
ia
Seed
s ar
e gr
ound
and
ta
ken
oral
ly o
r pu
t in
pa
ste
for
skin
Dos
e: 2
5 g
seed
pow
der
daily
in d
ivid
ed d
oses
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Feve
rfew
“ba
chel
or’s
but
tons
” “w
ild c
ham
omile
”◆
◆U
sed
as a
ntip
yret
ic b
y
anci
ent
Gre
eks
Mig
rain
e he
adac
hes
Psor
iasi
s
Ast
hma
Tinn
itus
N/V
Stud
ies:
Sugg
est
may
hel
p pr
even
t (n
ot
acut
ely
trea
t) m
igra
ine
head
ache
s an
d rh
eum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis
pain
* Alle
rgic
ris
k w
ith
ragw
eed,
chr
ysan
them
um a
llerg
ies
* Not
for
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on, c
an c
ause
m
isca
rria
ge, p
rem
atur
e bi
rth
* Avo
id in
chi
ldre
n* A
void
pri
or t
o su
rger
y or
den
tal p
roce
dure
sA
DR
s:C
anke
r so
res,
sor
e to
ngue
Loss
of a
ppet
ite
Nau
sea/
GI s
ympt
oms
Ris
k w
orse
ned
depr
essi
onD
izzi
ness
, fat
igue
,anx
iety
Palp
itat
ions
, ↑he
art
rate
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:A
ntic
oagu
lant
s: ↑
blee
ding
ris
kV
asod
ilato
rs:↑
vas
odili
tati
on
Dri
ed le
aves
pri
mar
ily u
sed
Stem
s an
d ro
ots
som
e-ti
mes
use
d
Extr
acts
, tab
lets
, cap
sule
s
Stan
dard
ized
dos
e: u
p to
25
0mg
daily
Take
wit
h fo
od
Gar
lic◆
◆ed
ible
her
b fr
om L
ily fa
mily
Use
s: h
yper
lipid
emia
CA
D, H
TN
Col
on a
nd g
astr
ic c
ance
r
UR
I pre
vent
ion
PVD
Stud
ies:
on
low
erin
g ch
oles
tero
l, ha
d va
ryin
g be
nefit
Stud
ies:
pos
itiv
e fo
r
decr
easi
ng B
P an
d
decr
easi
ng a
ther
oscl
eros
is
Stud
y: s
how
s af
fect
s di
lati
on a
nd
cons
tric
tion
of b
lood
ves
sels
* saf
e fo
r m
ost
adul
ts* d
oes
have
blo
od-t
hinn
ing
effe
ct; s
top
pre-
oper
ativ
ely
* mild
ris
k al
lerg
y, m
ostl
y ra
w fo
rm; c
ross
-alle
rgie
s w
ith
onio
ns, l
eeks
, chi
ves
AD
Rs:
Raw
: hal
itos
is,G
I ups
et, b
ody
odor
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
, blis
ters
Ble
edin
gA
sthm
a, r
hini
tis
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:A
ntic
oagu
lant
s ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bpA
ntid
iabe
tic
agen
ts ↓
or ↑
bsA
nest
heti
cs p
rolo
ng e
ffec
tA
ceta
min
ophe
n-al
ters
eff
ect
Prot
ease
inhi
bito
rs ↓
effe
ctO
CP
wit
h es
trog
en ↓
effe
ct
Raw
, coo
ked,
dri
ed,
pow
dere
d
Dos
e: 6
00-9
00 m
g ga
rlic
po
wde
r (i
n st
anda
rdiz
ed
1.3%
alli
cin
acti
ve in
gred
i-en
t) d
aily
in d
ivid
ed d
oses
Or
3-5m
g al
licin
dai
ly
(equ
ival
ent
to 2
-5 g
fr
esh
garl
ic)
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Gin
ger
◆◆
trop
ical
pla
nt o
ften
use
d in
A
sian
med
icin
e
Use
s: p
ost-
surg
ical
and
m
otio
n na
usea
GI u
pset
Che
mot
hera
py n
ause
a
Preg
nanc
y na
usea
(h
yper
emes
is g
ravi
daru
m)
Art
hrit
is p
ain,
mus
cle
pain
Stud
ies:
sho
rt-t
erm
eff
ecti
vene
ss in
pr
egna
ncy
naus
ea, v
aria
ble
effe
ctiv
e-ne
ss in
oth
er fo
rms
naus
ea
Stud
ies:
on
infla
mm
atio
n on
goin
g
May
inhi
bit
sero
toni
n 5-
HT 3
rece
ptor
s in
GI t
ract
May
inhi
bit
plat
elet
agg
rega
tion
May
hav
e lip
id-lo
wer
ing,
an
tihy
pert
ensi
ve e
ffec
t
* Avo
id in
lact
atio
n/sa
fety
not
est
ablis
hed
* Avo
id p
eri-o
pera
tive
ly d
ue t
o bl
eedi
ng r
isk
* Avo
id in
CA
D, a
rrhy
thm
ia h
isto
ry
AD
Rs:
Mos
tly
wit
h po
wde
red
ging
er: b
loat
ing,
gas
, he
artb
urn,
nau
sea
Dep
ress
ion
Arr
hyth
mia
s
↑ b
leed
ing
risk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Cal
cium
cha
nnel
blo
cker
s↓bp
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Car
diac
age
nts-
may
alt
er e
ffec
t
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
ris
k
anti
arrh
ythm
ics ↑
risk
Fres
h, p
owde
r, t
able
ts
Dos
e: u
p to
4 g
/day
in
divi
ded
dose
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Gin
gko
“Jap
anes
e si
lver
apr
icot
” “f
ossi
l tre
e”◆
◆se
eds
of G
ingk
o tr
ee u
sed
for
thou
sand
s of
yea
rs in
Tra
diti
onal
C
hine
se M
edic
ine
Use
s: m
emor
y en
hanc
emen
t
Prev
enti
on A
lzhe
imer
’s d
isea
se
and
dem
enti
as
Isch
emic
str
oke
Dec
reas
e in
term
itte
nt c
laud
icat
ion
MS
Tinn
itus
Sexu
al d
ysfu
ncti
on
Stud
ies:
mos
t st
udie
s sh
ow n
o im
prov
emen
t fo
r m
emor
y or
pre
ven-
tion
of d
emen
tia
or d
ecre
asin
g B
P
Stud
ies:
min
imal
ben
efit
pos
sibl
e fo
r in
term
itte
nt c
laud
icat
ion
and
tinn
itus
(v
aria
ble)
; bei
ng s
tudi
ed fo
r el
ectr
ic
shoc
k m
emor
y lo
ss
* Pos
sibl
e se
vere
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
ns
* Avo
id p
re-o
pera
tive
ly o
r be
fore
den
tal p
roce
dure
s,
incr
ease
d bl
eedi
ng r
isk
* No
raw
gin
gko
seed
s, c
onta
in t
oxin
tha
t ca
n ca
use
seiz
ures
and
dea
th
AD
Rs:
H/A
, diz
zine
ss
GI s
ympt
oms
↑bl
eedi
ng r
isk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
: ↑bs
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
icon
vuls
ants
↓ef
fect
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Ant
ipsy
chot
ics
can
caus
e pr
iapi
sm
Estr
ogen
s m
ay h
ave
estr
ogen
ic e
ffec
t
Nife
dipi
ne ↑
conc
entr
atio
ns
Prilo
sec ↓
leve
ls
SSR
Is↑
ser
oton
in s
yndr
ome
Traz
adon
e ri
sk c
oma
Gin
gko
leaf
abs
trac
ts u
sed
in t
able
ts, c
apsu
les,
tea
s an
d sk
in p
repa
rati
ons
Als
o in
nut
riti
on b
ars,
su
blin
gual
spr
ay
Stan
dard
ized
ext
ract
s
Dos
e: 8
0-24
0mg/
day
divi
ded
in b
id-t
id
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Gol
dens
eal “
yello
w r
oot”
◆◆
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an r
emed
y◆
◆N
ow g
row
n co
mm
erci
ally
due
to
shor
t su
pplie
s
UR
I’s
Dig
esti
ve d
isor
ders
, dia
rrhe
a
Som
e ca
ncer
s
Vag
init
is
Wou
nds
Can
ker
sore
s
Chl
oroq
uine
res
ista
nt m
alar
ia
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Stim
ulat
es im
mun
e sy
stem
Stud
ies:
sho
w s
ome
anti
bact
eria
l ef
fect
and
lipi
d-lo
wer
ing
effe
ct;
Stud
ies:
pos
sibl
e be
nefit
for
diar
rhea
an
d ey
e in
fect
ions
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; con
tain
s be
rber
ine
whi
ch c
an c
ause
jaun
dice
* Not
for
infa
nts
or y
oung
chi
ldre
n
AD
Rs:
Arr
hyth
mia
s, B
rady
card
ia
H/A
,↓B
P
↓bl
ood
suga
r
GI i
rrit
atio
n, n
ause
a
Dry
muc
ous
mem
bran
es
Seiz
ures
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
ipla
tele
t ag
ents
Ant
ilipe
mic
age
nts ↑
effe
ct
Ant
imal
aria
ls-a
ddit
ive
effe
cts
Bet
a bl
ocke
rs-c
hang
es e
ffec
t
Phen
ylep
hrin
e-↑
effe
cts
War
fari
n-↓
effe
cts
Stem
s an
d ro
ots
drie
d fo
r ex
trac
ts a
nd t
eas
Mou
th r
inse
s
Som
etim
es c
ombi
ned
wit
h Ec
hina
cea
for
UR
Is
Tabl
ets/
caps
ules
0.
5-1g
po
tid
Extr
act:
0.3
ml-1
ml
Als
o IV
and
oph
thal
mic
fo
rms
Hoo
dia
“kal
ahar
i cac
tus”
◆◆
Kal
ahar
i bus
hmen
ate
thi
s to
su
ppre
ss h
unge
r an
d th
irst
w
hile
hun
ting
App
etit
e su
ppre
ssan
t (w
eigh
t lo
ss)
whi
le e
leva
ting
ene
rgy
Stud
ies:
non
e pu
blis
hed
Dru
g ri
sks,
inte
ract
ions
, adv
erse
eff
ects
hav
e no
t be
en s
tudi
ed
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy
Oft
en c
ombi
ned
wit
h gr
een
tea
or c
hrom
ium
Dri
ed e
xtra
cts
from
ste
ms
and
root
s m
ake
caps
ules
, ex
trac
ts, p
owde
rs, t
eas,
ch
ewab
le t
able
ts
Dos
e: D
ried
ext
ract
up
to
800m
g/da
y
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Hor
se C
hest
nut
“buc
keye
”◆
◆O
nly
seed
ext
ract
is s
afe
◆◆
Do
not
use
any
othe
r pa
rts
of
plan
t, w
hich
may
be
toxi
c
Use
d fo
r ch
roni
c ve
nous
insu
ffic
ienc
y
Use
d fo
r an
kle
edem
a,
nigh
t le
g cr
amps
Stud
ies
show
it is
as
effe
ctiv
e fo
r ve
nous
insu
ffic
ienc
y as
sup
port
ive
com
pres
sion
sto
ckin
gs
* Con
trai
ndic
ated
in h
epat
ic a
nd r
enal
impa
irm
ent;
in
flam
mat
ory
bow
el d
isea
se* C
ontr
aind
icat
ed in
late
x al
lerg
yA
void
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
onA
DR
s: c
alf s
pasm
GI u
pset
Ble
edin
gR
enal
/liv
er d
amag
eD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts ↑
hypo
glyc
emia
anti
hype
rten
sive
↑ h
ypot
ensi
on
Dos
e: 3
00 m
g ex
trac
t bi
d
Topi
cal g
el 3
-4 x
/day
Use
for
shor
t te
rm o
nly
Stan
dard
ized
for
15
-20%
esc
in
Kav
a “k
ava
kava
”◆
◆M
embe
r of
pep
per
fam
ily◆
◆C
erem
onia
l bev
erag
e in
So
uth
Paci
fic
Use
s: a
nxie
ty
Inso
mni
a
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
NC
CA
M s
tudi
es h
alte
d du
e to
ris
k
of s
ever
e liv
er d
amag
e
Earl
ier
stud
ies
show
ed s
ome
bene
fit
wit
h an
xiet
y, b
ut d
ange
rs
outw
eigh
ris
ks
May
impa
ct c
ereb
ella
r an
d
GA
BA
func
tion
s
* Ris
k of
sev
ere
liver
dam
age,
incl
udin
g liv
er f
ailu
re
and
hepa
titi
s* R
isk
dyst
onia
(ab
norm
al m
uscl
e m
ovem
ents
)A
DR
s:D
row
sine
ssA
taxi
aD
izzi
ness
, dys
kine
sia
H/A
Tach
ycar
dia
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
, kav
a de
rmop
athy
(ra
sh fr
om
long
-ter
m w
ith
yello
w d
isco
lora
tion
)G
I ups
et, ↑
tran
sam
inas
esPa
rkin
soni
smD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
Ace
tam
inop
hen ↑
liver
tox
icit
yPs
ycho
trop
ics-
alte
red
men
tal s
tatu
sET
OH
↑to
xici
tyA
nxio
lyti
cs ↑
effe
ctSe
dati
ves ↑
effe
ctO
pioi
ds ↑
seda
tion
, CN
S de
pres
sion
Roo
t an
d rh
izom
e m
ake
beve
rage
s, c
apsu
les,
ta
blet
s, e
xtra
cts,
to
pica
l sol
utio
ns
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Lave
nder
“En
glis
h la
vend
er”
Use
s: a
nxie
ty, d
epre
ssio
n
Inso
mni
a
GI u
pset
Alo
peci
a
Topi
cal a
ntis
epti
c
arom
athe
rapy
Stud
ies:
do
not
conf
irm
any
ben
efit
s fo
r ce
rtai
n ex
cept
for
alop
ecia
use
d to
pica
lly
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
H/A
, pho
tose
nsit
ivit
y
GI s
ympt
oms
Skin
pig
men
t ch
ange
s
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Anx
ioly
tics
↑si
de e
ffec
t
Seda
tive
s↑ s
ide
effe
ct
Ant
idep
ress
ants
↑ s
ide
effe
ct
Dri
ed la
vend
er t
eas
or
extr
acts
can
be
take
n or
ally
Esse
ntia
l oils
can
be
mad
e fr
om fl
ower
s an
d us
ed
topi
cally
and
in a
rom
a-th
erap
y; p
oiso
nous
if
take
n in
tern
ally
Lico
rice
Roo
t◆
◆G
lycy
rrhi
zin
is m
ost
dang
erou
s co
mpo
und
◆◆
Dec
lycy
rrhi
zina
ted
form
“D
GL”
is
saf
er
Use
s: s
tom
ach
ulce
r, h
epat
itis
Sore
thr
oat,
bro
nchi
tis
Stud
ies:
non
e sh
ow s
igni
fican
t ef
fec-
tive
ness
exc
ept
IV fo
rm fo
r H
epat
itis
C
, not
ava
ilabl
e in
US
* gly
cyrr
hizi
n ca
n→ lo
w p
otas
sium
, hig
h bl
ood
pres
sure
, sal
t an
d w
ater
ret
enti
on, a
ll ri
sks
for
CV
D: A
VO
ID
* hig
h le
vels
of
licor
ice
affe
ct c
orti
sone
* Not
for
pre
gnan
cy—
can
caus
e pr
eter
m la
bor
* Not
for
hyp
erte
nsio
n or
CA
D
AD
Rs:
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Avo
id w
ith
med
icat
ions
tha
t af
fect
pot
assi
um,
diur
etic
s, p
redn
ison
e
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s-↑
risk
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Imm
unos
uppr
essa
nts ↓
effe
ct
Ant
idia
beti
cs a
lter
eff
ect
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
effe
ct
Use
DG
L fo
rm in
stea
d—m
uch
safe
r
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Milk
Thi
stle
“ho
ly t
hist
le”,
“s
ilym
arin
”◆
◆U
sed
for
thou
sand
s of
yea
rs fo
r liv
er a
ssis
tanc
e
Use
s: c
hron
ic h
epat
itis
Cir
rhos
is
Live
r da
mag
e fr
om d
rugs
and
tox
ins;
al
coho
lic li
ver
dise
ase
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Dec
reas
e in
sulin
res
ista
nce
if ha
ve
DM
and
cir
rhos
is
Ant
i-bre
ast,
cer
vica
l, pr
osta
te c
ance
r
Stud
ies:
pri
or s
tudi
es s
how
ed b
enef
it
prot
ecti
ng a
nd p
rom
otin
g gr
owth
of
live
r ce
lls; l
ater
stu
dies
con
flict
ing
resu
lts
Stud
y: b
enef
it in
Hep
atit
is C
sho
wed
fe
wer
, mild
er li
ver
dise
ase
sym
ptom
s bu
t no
aff
ect
on a
mou
nt o
f vir
al lo
ad
* Avo
id in
alle
rgie
s in
dai
sy fa
mily
: rag
wee
d,
chry
sant
hem
ums,
dai
sies
, mar
igol
d.
* Not
rec
omm
ende
d in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
↓bs
GI s
ide
effe
cts
H/A
, ins
omni
a
Exac
erba
tes
hem
ocho
mat
osis
arth
ralg
ia
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Alc
ohol↓
alco
hol-i
nduc
ed h
epat
oxic
ity
Stat
ins-
inhi
bits
eff
ects
Ant
ineo
plas
tic
drug
s ↑
effe
cts
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Sily
mar
in, a
ctiv
e in
gred
i-en
t, fr
om s
eeds
use
d to
m
ake
tinc
ture
s, c
apsu
les,
ex
trac
ts
Gen
eral
ly c
onsi
dere
d sa
fe
Dos
e: 2
30-8
00m
g/da
y di
vide
d in
2-3
dos
es
Non
i “In
dian
mul
berr
y”◆
◆H
isto
ry o
f top
ical
use
for
join
t pa
in
and
derm
atol
ogic
al is
sues
Use
d in
juic
e as
hea
lth
toni
c
Use
d fo
r ch
roni
c co
ndit
ions
e.g
. di
abet
es, c
ardi
ovas
cula
r di
seas
e
Use
d fo
r ca
ncer
, hea
ring
loss
Stud
ies:
ear
ly s
tudi
es s
how
an
ti-c
ance
r ef
fect
, ant
ioxi
dant
, an
d im
mun
e-st
imul
atin
g ef
fect
s
NC
CA
M s
tudy
-on
pros
tate
can
cer
NC
I stu
dy-o
n br
east
can
cer
prev
enti
on
* Ris
k of
live
r to
xici
ty
* Hig
h in
pot
assi
um-a
void
in r
enal
dis
ease
* Not
for
use
in p
regn
ancy
(ha
s be
en
trad
itio
nal a
bort
iface
nt)
AD
Rs:
↓bp
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
icoa
gula
nts-
cont
ains
Vit
amin
K in
som
e,
not
all p
repa
rati
ons
AC
E in
hibi
tors
↑po
tass
ium
Num
erou
s ot
hers
tha
t af
fect
pot
assi
um
Frui
t us
ed in
frui
t ju
ices
, m
ostl
y w
ith
grap
e
Frui
t an
d le
aves
can
mak
e ta
blet
s, c
apsu
les,
tea
s
Dos
e: u
p to
2 o
z tw
ice
daily
x 3
mon
ths
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Pep
perm
int
Oil
◆◆
Cro
ss b
etw
een
spea
rmin
t
and
wat
erm
int
Seas
onin
g an
d m
edic
inal
Nau
sea,
GI u
pset
, ind
iges
tion
IBS
UR
I, H
/A
asth
ma
Mus
cula
r, a
ntis
pasm
odic
or
ne
rve
pain
Hal
itos
is
Nas
al c
onge
stio
n
Stud
ies:
pep
perm
int
may
hel
p IB
S
Stud
ies:
pep
perm
int
wit
h ca
raw
ay
mig
ht h
elp
indi
gest
ion
* Oil
is s
afe
in s
mal
l dos
es
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y/la
ctat
ion
AD
Rs:
Hea
rtbu
rn
Abd
omin
al p
ain
Acu
te r
enal
failu
re
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
Bur
ning
mou
th s
yndr
ome
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
acid
s/H
2 bl
ocke
rs/P
PIs—
may
pre
mat
urel
y di
ssol
ve e
nter
ic c
oati
ng
CYP
450
inte
ract
ions
pos
sibl
e
Esse
ntia
l oil
of p
eppe
rmin
t
In s
mal
l dos
es in
cap
sule
s or
liqu
ids
In t
eas
Mix
ed w
ith
othe
r in
gred
i-en
ts in
top
ical
pre
para
tion
s
Dos
ing:
PO d
iges
tive
: 0.2
-0.4
ml t
id
(ave
rage
qd
is 6
-12
gtts
)
Cap
sule
s: 1
-2 c
aps
po t
id
½ h
our
ac.
Teas
wit
h dr
ied
leav
es
Topi
cal p
repa
rati
ons
Red
Clo
ver
“mea
dow
clo
ver”
◆◆
Legu
me
fam
ily◆
◆C
onta
ins
phyt
oest
roge
ns w
hich
ac
t lik
e es
trog
en◆
◆Pa
st u
se p
ertu
ssis
, ast
hma,
br
onch
itis
, can
cer
Use
d fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s
Mas
talg
ia
Ost
eopo
rosi
s
Ben
ign
pros
tati
c hy
pert
roph
y
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Stud
ies:
not
eno
ugh
evid
ence
for
effe
ctiv
enes
s or
saf
ety
in m
enop
ause
Stud
ies:
NC
CA
M s
tudy
ing
how
it
affe
cts
pros
tate
cel
ls
Stud
y: if
cau
ses
endo
met
rial
ca
ncer
ris
k
* Pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
: uns
afe
in m
edic
inal
am
ount
s
* may
incr
ease
ris
k of
bre
ast
canc
er o
r ot
her
horm
one-
sens
itiv
e ca
ncer
s
AD
Rs:
Mas
talg
ia
Men
stru
al c
hang
es
Vag
inal
spo
ttin
g
H/A
, ras
h
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
Tam
oxife
n-al
tere
d ef
fect
Estr
ogen
s-al
tere
d ef
fect
Flow
ers
used
in t
able
ts,
caps
ules
, tea
s, e
xtra
cts
Dos
e: 4
0-80
mg
red
clov
er
isof
lavo
nes/
day
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Rho
diol
a◆
◆co
nsid
ered
ada
ptog
en
Use
d fo
r en
ergy
and
exe
rcis
e en
hanc
emen
t
Fati
gue
gene
raliz
ed a
nxie
ty d
isor
der
blad
der
canc
er
hypo
xia
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
Inso
mni
a↑
BP
Der
mat
itis
Irri
tabi
lity
Dry
mou
thLe
ukoc
ytos
isD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
Ant
idep
ress
ants
—ad
diti
ve e
ffec
tsA
nxio
lyti
cs—
addi
tive
eff
ects
CN
S de
pres
sant
s—ad
diti
ve e
ffec
tsO
pioi
ds—
addi
tive
eff
ects
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es—
addi
tive
eff
ects
Cap
sule
s: 1
00-4
g da
ily
Sage
◆◆
Fert
ility
dru
g in
anc
ient
Egy
pt◆
◆C
lean
sed
and
stop
ped
blee
ding
in
ulce
rs/w
ound
s in
anc
ient
Gre
ece
Spic
e an
d se
ason
ing
Use
d fo
r m
outh
infla
mm
atio
n an
d so
re t
hroa
ts
Use
d fo
r in
dige
stio
n
Use
d fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s
Use
d to
impr
ove
moo
d an
d bo
ost
mem
ory/
perf
orm
ance
Stud
ies:
sho
w m
enta
l and
moo
d im
prov
emen
ts; m
emor
y bo
osti
ng
in o
lder
adu
lts
Stud
ies:
sho
w t
hink
ing/
le
arni
ng im
prov
emen
t in
A
lzhe
imer
’s d
isea
se
Stud
ies:
sho
w e
ssen
tial
oil
has
anti
mic
robi
al p
rope
rtie
s
* sa
fe,b
ut s
ome
vari
etie
s co
ntai
n TH
UJO
NE
whi
ch c
an
affe
ct n
ervo
us s
yste
m, c
ausi
ng r
estl
essn
ess,
tre
mor
, se
izur
es, r
enal
tox
icit
yIn
gest
ing
sage
pow
der
can
caus
e as
thm
aIn
flam
mat
ion
wit
h sk
in c
onta
ct* A
void
in p
regn
ancy
-ris
k ab
orti
face
nt a
nd h
orm
onal
eff
ects
* Con
trai
ndic
ated
in s
eizu
re d
isor
ders
AD
Rs:
Seiz
ures
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
Hyp
erte
nsio
nSe
dati
onD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
N:
Ant
idia
beti
c dr
ugs↑
hypo
glyc
emia
Ant
icon
vuls
ants
-alt
ered
eff
ects
Thyr
oid
horm
ones
-alt
ered
eff
ects
Dri
ed le
aves
, ess
enti
al
oils
, spr
ays,
ext
ract
s
Men
opau
sal s
x:
120m
g qd
Phar
yngi
tis:
15%
spr
ay
Moo
d en
hanc
emen
t:
drie
d le
af,
300-
600m
g qd
Alz
heim
er’s
: es
sent
ial o
ils
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Saw
Pal
met
to “
dwar
f pal
m”
na
tive
to
US
“cab
bage
pal
m”
◆◆
Sem
inol
e N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s us
ed
for
urin
ary
sym
ptom
s
Use
s: p
rost
ate
(BPH
) pr
oble
ms
pros
tati
tis
Pelv
ic p
ain
Bla
dder
pro
blem
s
Pros
tate
can
cer
Libi
do is
sues
Alo
peci
a
Incr
ease
s te
stos
tero
ne
May
be
anti
-infla
mm
ator
y an
d im
mun
e st
imul
ant
Stud
ies:
con
flict
ing
repo
rts
of
bene
fits
on B
PH s
ympt
oms
Doe
s no
t af
fect
PSA
on
stud
ies
Bei
ng s
tudi
ed fo
r af
fect
on
pr
osta
te c
ance
r
Ger
man
E C
omm
issi
on a
ppro
ves
fo
r B
PH e
arly
sta
ges
I and
II
* Mild
GI s
ympt
oms
can
be ↓
by
taki
ng w
ith
food
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on d
ue t
o
horm
onal
eff
ects
AD
Rs
Abd
omin
al p
ain
Dia
rrhe
a
N/V
Fati
gue
Sexu
al d
ysfu
ncti
on
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
ibio
tics
(C
ipro
, Azi
thro
myc
in e
spec
ially
)—ad
diti
ve
effe
cts
And
roge
ns—↓
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts—
↑bl
eedi
ng
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
orie
s —ad
diti
ve e
ffec
ts
Who
le o
r gr
ound
ber
ries
or
drie
d fr
uit.
In li
quid
ext
ract
s, t
able
ts,
caps
ules
, as
infu
sion
or
tea,
top
ical
for
alop
ecia
Dos
e of
cap
sule
: 320
mg
qd
Gro
und,
who
le o
r dr
ied
berr
ies—
1 or
2 q
d
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
SAM
e
S-ad
enos
ylm
ethi
onin
e
Met
hion
ine
is c
onve
rted
to
SAM
e w
ith
enzy
me
met
hion
ine
aden
osyl
tr
ansf
eras
e (M
AP)
Alc
ohol
ic li
ver
dise
ase→
liver
di
seas
e ha
s ↓
hepa
tic
SAM
e w
hich
↓
glut
athi
one
need
ed fo
r he
pati
c de
toxi
ficat
ion
and
prev
enti
on o
f ox
idat
ive
liver
dam
age
Dep
ress
ion
Ost
eoar
thri
tis
AD
HD
Fibr
omya
lgia
Ana
lges
ic, a
nti-i
nfla
mm
ator
y
SAM
e tr
ansm
ethy
lati
on n
eces
sary
to
syn
thes
ize
and
met
abol
ize
neu-
rotr
ansm
itte
rs, p
rote
ins,
hor
mon
es,
and
mem
bran
e ph
osph
olip
ids
Prod
ucti
on o
f SA
Me
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
adeq
uate
B12
and
fola
te le
vels
SAM
e co
nver
ted
to S
-ade
nosy
l-ho
moc
yste
ine
whi
ch →
glut
athi
one
liver
ant
ioxi
dant
Can
↑do
pam
ine
and
nore
pine
phri
ne
2006
Coc
hran
e: n
o ev
iden
ce fo
r or
ag
ains
t us
e in
alc
ohol
ic li
ver
dise
ase
2008
Coc
hran
e: r
evie
w o
n O
A
use
pend
ing
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
AD
Rs:
Diz
zine
ss, H
/A, p
alpi
tati
ons
Dia
phor
esis
, ras
h, it
chy
or h
ot e
ar
Anx
iety
, ins
omni
a, fa
tigu
e
Ano
rexi
a, c
onst
ipat
ion,
N/V
/D, d
ry m
outh
AV
OID
IN B
IPO
LAR
DIS
EASE
→M
AN
IA
OR
HYP
OM
AN
IA
AV
OID
IN C
AD
, TH
RO
MB
OEM
BO
LISM
, RIS
K
HO
MO
CYS
TEI
NEM
IA
MA
Y W
OR
SEN
PA
RK
INSO
NS
SX
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Sero
toni
nerg
ic/S
SRI→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Tric
yclic
ant
idep
ress
ants→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Tram
adol→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
MA
OI→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me,
hyp
erte
nsiv
e cr
isis
Dex
trom
etho
rpha
n→se
roto
nin
synd
rom
e
Mep
erid
ine→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Levo
dopa
↓ef
fect
Tabl
et o
nly
in U
S
Poor
bio
avai
labi
lity
due
to
first
pas
s ef
fect
Dos
e: 8
00-1
600
mg/
day
in
2-3
divi
ded
dose
s
Mon
itor
glu
cose
, LFT
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
“hyp
eric
um”
“g
oat’
s w
eed”
◆◆
Flow
er b
loom
s ar
ound
feas
t ti
me
of S
t. Jo
hn t
he B
apti
st in
late
June
.◆
◆us
ed fo
r ce
ntur
ies
to t
reat
men
tal
dise
ase,
ner
vous
ness
, as
seda
tive
◆◆
used
to
trea
t m
alar
ia, a
nd w
as
balm
for
wou
nds,
bur
ns, a
nd
inse
ct b
ites
.
Use
d fo
r de
pres
sion
, anx
iety
and
sl
eep
diso
rder
s
Use
d fo
r PM
S, s
easo
nal a
ffec
tive
di
sord
er, s
omat
ofor
m d
isor
ders
.
Use
d fo
r A
DH
D, b
urni
ng m
outh
sy
ndro
me,
OC
D.
Stud
ies
show
: the
re m
ay n
ot b
e
any
mor
e ef
fect
iven
ess
than
pl
aceb
o fo
r m
ajor
dep
ress
ion
of
mod
erat
e se
veri
ty
Ano
ther
stu
dy N
CC
AM
and
NIM
H
show
ed n
eith
er a
ntid
epre
ssan
t
nor
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
trea
ted
mild
de
pres
sion
any
mor
e ef
fect
ivel
y
than
pla
cebo
Coc
hran
e re
view
200
8: b
ette
r th
an
plac
ebo
and
sim
ilar
to s
tand
ard
anti
-de
pres
sant
s w
ith
few
er s
ide
effe
cts
Hyp
erfo
rin
com
pone
nt in
hibi
ts
neur
onal
upt
ake
of d
opam
ine,
se
roto
nin,
nor
epin
ephr
ine,
GA
BA
an
d L-
glut
amat
e
* Avo
id u
se w
ith
othe
r an
tide
pres
sant
s; c
an le
ad t
o se
roto
nin
synd
rom
e. D
o no
t us
e w
ith
MA
OIs
.
* STO
P 5-
14 d
ays
pre-
oper
ativ
ely
* Do
not
use
wit
h su
icid
al id
eati
on
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on
AD
Rs:
Dro
wsi
ness
GI s
ympt
oms
Hyp
erte
nsio
n/hy
pert
ensi
ve c
risi
s
(cou
ld a
ct li
ke M
AO
I)
Man
ia
Sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Del
iriu
m
Con
fusi
on
psyc
hosi
s
MI
Palp
itat
ions
↑TS
H
↑A
CTH
Phot
osen
siti
vity
Dry
mou
th
dizz
ines
s
Flow
erin
g to
ps u
sed
fo
r te
as, t
able
ts,
caps
ule,
ext
ract
s,
liqui
ds, t
opic
al a
gent
s
Stan
dard
ized
ext
ract
do
se: 3
00 m
g po
tid
fo
r 4-
6 w
eeks
Sudd
en d
isco
ntin
uati
on
may
cau
se a
dver
se r
eact
ion
(con
tinue
s)
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
(con
tinue
d)D
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
Ane
sthe
tics
SSR
I ant
idep
ress
ants
-ser
oton
in s
yndr
ome
Ant
ican
cer
drug
s
anti
coag
ulan
ts↓
effe
ct
anti
hype
rten
sive
s ↑
bp
alco
hol-↑
seda
tion
\ or
al c
ontr
acep
tive
s-↓
cont
race
ptio
n, p
ossi
bly
brea
k-th
roug
h bl
eedi
ng
Cyc
losp
orin
and
tra
nspl
ant
drug
s↓
Dig
oxin
-↓se
rum
leve
l
Stat
ins-↓
leve
l
HIV
dru
gs-m
ay a
ffec
t
Seiz
ure
drug
s-m
ay a
ffec
t
OTC
col
d/flu
med
s—m
ay ↑
MA
O in
hibi
tion
Tea
Tre
e O
il◆
◆U
sed
by A
ustr
alia
n ab
orig
ines
for
cent
urie
s◆
◆Fr
om t
ea t
ree
Use
s: a
thle
te’s
foot
(ti
nea
pedi
s), n
ail
fung
us (
onyc
hom
ycos
is)
wou
nds,
and
infe
ctio
ns
acne
dand
ruff
lice
oral
can
didi
asis
skin
lesi
ons
anti
bact
eria
l;ant
ifung
ual;
anti
-MR
SA
Stud
y: s
how
ed b
enef
it fo
r tr
eatm
ent
of w
ound
s of
MR
SA
Stud
ies:
hav
e sh
own
som
e po
siti
ve
bene
fit fo
r ac
ne, o
nych
omyc
osis
, ti
nea
pedi
s an
d da
ndru
ff
* Do
not
take
ora
lly; p
oiso
nous
, can
lead
to
com
a,
espe
cial
ly in
chi
ldre
n
* Can
be
topi
cal i
rrit
ant
or c
ause
con
tact
der
mat
itis
* Can
be
used
top
ical
ly in
pre
gnan
cy a
ccor
ding
to
Ulb
righ
t
AD
Rs:
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
Skin
dry
ness
Oto
toxi
city
if in
still
ed in
ear
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Topi
cal d
ryin
g ag
ents
↑dr
ynes
s
Tret
inoi
n ↑
dry
ness
Use
d to
pica
lly, 5
%-1
00%
oi
l, sa
fer
in a
dult
s
Topi
cal u
se in
you
ng b
oy
of s
tylin
g ge
l and
sha
mpo
o ca
used
bre
ast
grow
th
Is in
som
e m
outh
was
hes,
bu
t ba
sed
on t
he c
once
rns
wit
h or
al u
se, d
o no
t re
com
men
d
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Thu
nder
God
Vin
e◆
◆Fo
und
in C
hina
◆◆
Use
d in
Tra
diti
onal
Chi
nese
M
edic
ine
for
over
acti
vity
of
imm
une
syst
em o
r in
flam
mat
ion
Use
s in
clud
e M
S, S
LE, r
heum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis(
RA
)
Use
d fo
r ex
cess
ive
men
ses
HIV
/AID
S
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
oste
oart
hrit
is
May
hav
e im
mun
e st
imul
ant
effe
cts,
to
o
Stud
ies:
sho
w a
nti-c
ance
r an
d an
ti-
infla
mm
ator
y ef
fect
s
Stud
ies:
sho
w s
uppr
essi
on o
f im
mun
e sy
stem
eff
ect
Stud
ies:
sho
wed
ben
efit
s fo
r R
A p
ain
as g
ood
as s
ulfa
sala
zine
* HIG
HLY
PO
ISO
NO
US
LEA
VES
, FLO
WER
S A
ND
SK
IN O
F R
OO
T
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
GI s
ympt
oms
UR
I sym
ptom
s
Loss
of b
one
min
eral
den
sity
Dec
reas
e m
ale
fert
ility
Alo
peci
a, r
ash,
H/A
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S;
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es-a
lter
eff
ect
DM
AR
Ds
(ant
i-inf
lam
mat
orie
s)-↑
effe
ct
Imm
unos
uppr
essa
nts-↑
effe
cts
Extr
acts
mad
e fr
om
SKIN
NED
roo
t
No
cons
iste
nt, h
igh-
qual
ity
prod
ucts
are
mad
e in
the
U
S ye
t; C
hine
se p
rodu
cts
may
not
be
relia
ble
Tur
mer
ic “
Indi
an s
affr
on”
◆◆
Rel
ated
to
ging
er, b
itte
r ta
ste,
go
ld c
olor
◆◆
Use
d fo
r sp
ice
and
colo
r◆
◆U
sed
in T
radi
tion
al C
hine
se M
edi-
cine
and
Ayu
rved
ic M
edic
ine
for
liver
func
tion
, dig
esti
on, m
enst
rual
re
gula
tion
and
art
hrit
is p
ain
Topi
cally
, use
d fo
r w
ound
hea
ling
and
ecze
ma
Use
d or
ally
for
ulce
rs, c
ance
r,
GI p
robl
ems,
infla
mm
atio
n,
and
galls
tone
s
Stud
ies:
cur
cum
in c
hem
ical
in
turm
eric
has
ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory,
an
ti-c
ance
r, a
nd a
ntio
xida
nt
prop
erti
es in
ear
ly s
tudi
es
NC
CA
M fu
ndin
g st
udie
s on
: AR
DS,
os
teop
oros
is a
nd li
ver
canc
er
* Hig
h do
ses
or lo
ng t
erm
use
hav
e ca
used
: G
I pro
blem
s an
d liv
er is
sues
* Do
not
use
if ha
ve g
allb
ladd
er d
isea
se; c
an w
orse
n
* Con
side
red
safe
as
spic
e in
pre
gnan
cy, b
ut c
an
stim
ulat
e ut
erus
in h
igh
dose
s, s
o un
safe
the
re.
AD
Rs:
GI p
robl
ems
Hyp
oten
sion
Alo
peci
a
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts↑
hypo
glyc
emia
anti
hype
rten
sive
s↓B
P ex
cess
ive
Rhi
zom
es (
unde
rgro
und
stem
s) (
dri
ed a
nd u
ses
as
oral
pow
der,
in c
apsu
les,
te
as, o
r liq
uid
extr
acts
.
Turm
eric
pas
te u
sed
on
ski
n.
Dos
e: r
oot
1.5-
7g in
di
vide
d da
ily d
oses
Tea:
1-1
.5 g
dri
ed r
oot
stee
ped
15 m
inut
es in
15
0ml w
ater
bid
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Val
eria
n “a
ll he
al”;
“g
arde
n he
liotr
ope”
◆◆
Use
d ba
ck t
o an
cien
t G
reec
e
and
Rom
e◆
◆D
escr
ibed
by
Hip
pocr
ates
and
G
alen
(fo
r in
som
nia)
Use
d fo
r sl
eep
diso
rder
s
Anx
iety
Dep
ress
ion
H/A
Arr
hyth
mia
May
be
aden
osin
e ag
onis
t
May
be
GA
BA
rec
epto
r m
odul
ator
May
hav
e C
NS
neur
opro
tect
ive
effe
cts
NC
CA
M r
esea
rchi
ng a
ffec
t on
sl
eep
in o
lder
adu
lts
and
Pa
rkin
son’
s pa
tien
ts
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
hel
ps in
som
nia,
not
en
ough
res
earc
h on
anx
iety
an
d de
pres
sion
Ger
man
E C
omm
issi
on a
ppro
ved
to
trea
t sl
eep
diso
rder
s fr
om n
ervo
us
cond
itio
ns a
nd r
estl
essn
ess
* Stu
dies
sho
w s
afe
for
shor
t pe
riod
s,
up t
o 4-
6 w
eeks
use
* Not
for
use
in p
regn
ancy
-pos
sibl
e
tera
toge
nic
effe
cts
AD
Rs:
Mor
ning
fati
gue
GI u
pset
Diz
zine
ss
H/A
Hal
luci
nati
ons
Ata
xia
↓H
R, ↓
BP
Dry
mou
th
Mus
cle
rela
xati
on
One
rep
ort
of w
ithd
raw
al s
x
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Alc
ohol
↑ef
fect
anti
depr
essa
nts↑
effe
ct
benz
odia
zepi
nes ↑
effe
ct
CN
S de
pres
sant
s ↑
effe
ct
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
BP
Roo
ts a
nd r
hizo
mes
(u
nder
grou
nd s
tem
s)
mak
e ta
blet
s, t
eas,
ca
psul
es, l
iqui
d ex
trac
ts
Use
½ t
o 2
hour
s be
fore
be
d if
for
slee
p
Mon
itor
LFT
s
Dos
e:
Anx
iety
: 80-
300m
g po
qd
Inso
mni
a: 4
00-9
00 m
g 30
-60
min
. bef
ore
hs
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Yohi
mbe
“yo
him
be b
ark”
◆◆
From
bar
k of
Afr
ican
ev
ergr
een
tree
Yohi
mbe
hyd
roch
lori
de fo
rm h
as
been
stu
died
for
erec
tile
dys
func
tion
Use
d fo
r fe
mal
e lib
ido,
SSR
I-in
duce
d lib
ido
issu
es
Use
d fo
r se
xual
dys
func
tion
, ap
hrod
isia
c
Use
d fo
r at
hlet
ic p
erfo
rman
ce
Stud
ies:
no
adeq
uate
stu
dies
don
e
Con
tain
s al
pha-
2 bl
ocke
r→↑
nore
pine
phri
ne
↑ch
olin
ergi
c an
d↑sy
mpa
thet
ic t
one
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy: f
etal
tox
icit
y, u
teri
ne r
elax
atio
n
* Do
not
use
in la
ctat
ion
* Do
not
use
wit
h M
AO
inhi
bito
rs, c
auti
on w
ith
othe
r an
tide
pres
sant
s an
d ph
enot
hiaz
ines
* Do
not
use
wit
h ps
ychi
atri
c or
ren
al d
isor
ders
—
can
exac
erba
te
* one
rep
ort
hype
rten
sive
cri
sis
* ove
rdos
e-se
vere
eff
ects
, pos
sibl
y fa
tal
AD
Rs:
Inso
mni
a
↑ o
r↓ B
P
Irri
tabi
lity,
psy
chos
is
N/V
Anx
iety
H/A
Ren
al fa
ilure
Lupu
s-lik
e sy
ndro
me
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
diab
etic↓
bs
benz
odia
zepi
nes ↑
seda
tion
ETO
H↑
into
xica
tion
Nal
oxon
e/na
ltre
xone
↑yo
him
bine
tox
icit
y,
alte
r op
ioid
wit
hdra
wal
sx
CN
S st
imul
ants↑
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Cen
tral
sym
path
omim
etic
s ↑
yohi
mbi
ne t
oxic
ity
Som
e pr
oduc
ts c
onta
in
very
litt
le y
ohim
be
Bar
k us
ed in
cap
sule
s,
tabl
ets,
tea
Stan
dard
ized
yoh
imbe
av
aila
ble
by p
resc
ript
ion
Dos
e: 5
-50
mg
in
divi
ded
dose
s fo
r
erec
tile
dys
func
tion
Mon
itor
BP,
HR
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Aci
doph
ilus
◆◆
Mai
n ty
pes:
lact
obac
illus
spe
cies
(a
cido
philu
s, c
asei
, pla
ntar
um,
delb
ruec
kii)
◆◆
Bifi
doba
cter
ium
spe
cies
(br
evis
, in
fant
is, l
ongu
m)
Mai
ntai
n or
res
tore
mic
robi
al b
alan
ce
in G
I and
GU
tra
cts;
may
pro
duce
bac
teri
ocin
s an
d
lact
ic a
cid
whi
ch im
pair
gro
wth
of
pat
hoge
ns
* may
cau
se m
orbi
dity
or
mor
talit
y if
pati
ents
im
mun
ocom
prom
ised
or
debi
litat
ed.
Avo
id in
PR
EGN
AN
CY
(ris
k am
nion
itis
, se
psis
,end
omet
riti
s)
Avo
id w
ith
arti
ficia
l hea
rt v
alve
s, r
adia
tion
the
rapy
, or
al s
urge
ry, G
I sur
gery
, hem
e+ d
iarr
hea,
imm
uno-
com
prom
ised
, deb
ilita
ted
dosa
ge v
arie
s de
pend
ing
on n
umbe
r of
livi
ng o
rgan
-is
ms
in p
rodu
ct
som
e yo
gurt
s w
ith
liv
e cu
ltur
es
liqui
ds, c
apsu
les,
pow
ders
, ta
blet
s, m
ilk, v
agin
al a
nd
anal
sup
posi
tori
es
Som
e ar
e ke
pt r
efri
gera
ted
Take
2 h
ours
aft
er
anti
biot
ics
Do
not
take
wit
h im
mun
o-su
ppre
ssan
ts
Alp
ha L
ipoi
c A
cid
(ALA
)◆
◆Fo
und
espe
cial
ly in
pot
atoe
s,
spin
ach,
live
r an
d br
occo
li
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us, c
atar
acts
, re
tino
path
y, p
erip
hera
l neu
ropa
thy,
an
d ne
phro
path
y fr
om D
M
HIV
, cir
rhos
is, g
lauc
oma
Lead
tox
icit
y
Isch
emic
inju
ry li
ver,
bra
in, h
eart
Bur
ning
mou
th s
yndr
ome
AC
TIO
N: I
MPR
OV
ES
MIC
RO
CIR
CU
LATI
ON
IN
PER
IPH
ERA
L N
EUR
OPA
THY
IN
DM
AC
TIO
N: A
NTI
OXI
DA
NT
AC
TIO
N: ↑
INSU
LIN
-STI
MU
LATE
D
GLU
CO
SE U
SE IN
DM
AC
TIO
N: ↑
CD
4 A
ND
CD
8 LE
VEL
S IN
HIV
* avo
id in
thi
amin
e de
ficie
ncy
(alc
ohol
ism
esp
ecia
lly)
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
Cau
tion
wit
h bl
eedi
ng d
isor
ders
Inte
ract
ions
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
, ant
ipla
tele
ts,
NSA
IDs/
ASA
may
↑bl
eedi
ng r
isk
May
↓ e
ffec
tive
ness
che
mot
hera
py
May
↓ b
lood
sug
ar a
nd w
orse
n hy
pogl
ycem
ia
Ver
tigo
, h/a
, N/V
, ras
h
Ora
l
IV
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Arg
inin
e◆
◆Se
mi-e
ssen
tial
am
ino
acid
◆◆
Espe
cial
ly in
cor
n, d
airy
, oat
s,
mea
t, g
rain
s, b
row
n ri
ce, n
uts,
ch
ocol
ate,
rai
sins
AC
TIO
N: P
REC
UR
SOR
OF
NIT
RIC
O
XID
E, A
VA
SOD
ILA
TOR
AC
TIO
N: ↑
REL
AXA
TIO
N O
F SM
OO
TH M
USC
LE
AC
TIO
N: ↓
WB
C A
DH
ESIO
N,
PLA
TELE
T A
GG
REG
ATI
ON
, FI
BR
IN F
OR
MA
TIO
N
IMM
UN
E ST
IMU
LAN
T
CA
D, C
HF,
HTN
, PV
D, h
yper
-lip
idem
ia, b
reas
t ca
ncer
, ast
hma
*AN
AP
HYL
AX
IS T
O IV
AR
GIN
INE
IN C
HIL
DR
EN;
*AT
RIO
VEN
TR
ICU
LAR
BLO
CK
h/a,
diz
zine
ss, a
typi
cal c
hest
pai
n
↑ b
leed
ing
risk
↑ o
r ↓
blo
od s
ugar
↓bp
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
Avo
id a
fter
acu
te M
I
Avo
id IV
form
s in
aci
dosi
s or
hyp
oten
sion
Suff
icie
nt a
mou
nts
mad
e in
bod
y
If s
uppl
emen
ted,
cre
am,
caps
ule,
IV, n
utri
ent
bar
No
esta
blis
hed
stan
dard
s
Bee
Pol
len
◆◆
Flow
er p
olle
n co
llect
ed o
n bo
dies
of
wor
ker
bees
mix
ed w
ith
nect
ar
and
bee
saliv
a◆
◆C
omm
erci
al b
ee p
olle
n m
ay b
e ju
st
polle
n ha
rves
ted
from
pla
nts
◆◆
NO
T sa
me
as h
oney
or
roya
l jel
ly◆
◆C
onta
ins:
ess
enti
al a
min
o ac
ids,
es
sent
ial f
atty
aci
ds, h
orm
ones
, m
iner
als,
vit
amin
s B
and
C c
oen-
zym
es, s
tero
ls, l
ipid
s, c
arbo
hy-
drat
es, a
nd m
ore
Ath
leti
c pe
rfor
man
ce
Mem
ory
boos
ter
Mul
tipl
e sc
lero
sis
Men
opau
se a
nd P
MS
Red
uce
canc
er c
hem
othe
rapy
si
de e
ffec
ts
Ant
ioxi
dant
Imm
une
stim
ulan
t
Ant
ifung
al
* Alle
rgic
rea
ctio
ns: a
naph
ylax
is, e
dem
a,
shor
tnes
s of
bre
ath,
pru
ruti
s, e
osin
ophi
lia,
risk
ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
AD
Rs:
N/V
/D, a
bdom
inal
pai
n
Hep
atit
is
H/A
, mal
aise
Phot
osen
siti
vity
Ver
tigo
Hay
feve
r
Dec
reas
ed m
emor
y
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
Con
trai
ndic
ated
in a
llerg
y to
pol
lens
Cap
sule
s, t
able
ts, l
iqui
d,
gran
ules
, ext
ract
s, fo
od
supp
lem
ents
No
stan
dard
ized
pro
duct
s
Oft
en in
com
bina
tion
pr
oduc
ts
Polle
n co
nten
t va
ries
de
pend
ing
on p
lant
and
ge
ogra
phic
loca
tion
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Cap
sicu
m “
caye
nne”
“ch
ili p
eppe
r”
“pap
rika
” “c
apsa
icin
”◆
◆Po
ssib
ly c
apsa
icin
rel
ease
s su
b-st
ance
P fr
om n
euro
ns, w
hich
de
crea
ses
pain
sen
sati
on
Use
s: c
lott
ing
diso
rder
s
GI d
isor
ders
Clu
ster
hea
dach
e
Mus
culo
skel
etal
pai
n
Neu
ropa
thic
pai
n
Post
oper
ativ
e N
/V
Pere
nnia
l rhi
niti
s
May
be
imm
unos
uppr
essa
nt,
anti
-infla
mm
ator
y, a
ntim
icro
bial
* ris
k al
lerg
ic r
eact
ions
AD
Rs:
↑H
R, ↑
BP
tran
sien
tly
Topi
cal b
urni
ng o
n sk
in, c
onta
ct d
erm
atit
is
Phar
yngi
tis,
rhi
norr
hea
(nas
al)
Eye
burn
ing
and
tear
ing
Swea
ting
, flu
shin
g
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
AC
E in
hibi
tors
↑co
ugh
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s ↑
HR
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
,↑in
sulin
Ant
iulc
er a
gent
s ↑
stom
ach
acid
Pow
der,
top
ical
cre
ams,
in
tran
asal
spr
ay
Zost
rix
crea
m c
onta
ins
0,02
5% c
apsa
icin
Law
enf
orce
men
t us
es in
pe
pper
spr
ay
Cho
ndro
itin
Sul
fate
◆◆
Glu
curo
nic
acid
and
gal
acto
sam
ine
mol
ecul
e◆
◆Fo
und
in m
amm
alia
n ca
rtila
ge,
supp
lem
ent
deri
ved
from
bov
ine,
sh
ark,
or
synt
heti
c m
ater
ial
◆◆
Cau
tion
wit
h bo
vine
typ
e: r
isk
bovi
ne s
pong
iform
enc
epha
lopa
thy
(Mad
Cow
Dis
ease
)
Use
s:
Ost
eoar
thri
tis,
esp
ecia
lly o
f hip
an
d kn
ee
Psor
iasi
s
May
hav
e an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory
May
be
prot
ecti
ve o
f joi
nt
* avo
id in
she
llfis
h al
lerg
y
* avo
id in
ble
edin
g di
sord
er, p
reop
erat
ivel
y
AD
Rs:
↑or↓
BP
Euph
oria
, H/A
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
Ble
edin
g ri
sk, ↓
hem
oglo
bin
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
Iron
↑ab
sorp
tion
In c
apsu
les
or c
ombi
ned
wit
h gl
ucos
amin
e
May
be
able
to
dose
in
term
itte
ntly
200-
400m
g/d
in d
ivid
ed
or o
ne d
ose
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Cha
steb
erry
“vi
tex”
◆◆
Use
d by
mon
ks t
o de
crea
se s
exua
l de
sire
, tho
ught
to
prom
ote
chas
tity
Use
s: m
enop
ause
sym
ptom
s
Bre
ast
milk
pro
duct
ion
PMS
sym
ptom
s
Infe
rtili
ty
Acn
e
Stud
ies:
pos
sibl
e be
nefit
for
brea
st
pain
, inf
erti
lity,
PM
S, b
ut n
eeds
m
ore
stud
y
* Do
not
take
in p
regn
ancy
/la
ctat
ion
seco
ndar
y to
ho
rmon
al e
ffec
t
* Do
not
take
wit
h do
pam
ine
med
icat
ions
(s
ome
anti
psyc
hoti
cs, P
arki
nson
’s d
rugs
)
beca
use
affe
cts
dopa
min
e
* Do
not
take
wit
h or
al c
ontr
acep
tive
s or
hor
mon
e-re
late
d ca
ncer
(e.
g. b
reas
t ca
ncer
)
AD
Rs:
Acn
e
GI s
ympt
oms
Diz
zine
ss
Dep
ress
ion,
fati
gue
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
ipsy
chot
ic a
gent
s as
abo
ve
Dop
amin
e ag
ents
as
abov
e
Dry
com
mer
cial
ext
ract
: up
to
40m
g/da
y
Liqu
id c
omm
erci
al e
xtra
ct:
1.8m
l/da
y
Dri
ed fr
uit-
up t
o
600m
g/da
y
Cin
nam
on
From
bar
k of
cin
nam
on t
ree
Man
y va
riet
ies;
Cey
lon
and
Chi
nese
(c
assi
a) c
inna
mon
mos
t co
mm
on
Use
s: d
iabe
tes
mel
litus
Bro
nchi
tis
GI s
ympt
oms,
loss
of a
ppet
ite
Ang
ina,
CA
D
Stud
ies:
lack
ing
supp
ort
* Avo
id c
onsu
min
g la
rge
amou
nts
of c
assi
a ci
nnam
on, b
ecau
se it
con
tain
s co
umar
in,
of t
he a
ntic
oagu
lant
fam
ily
* Alle
rgic
/hyp
erse
nsit
ivit
y re
acti
on
AD
Rs:
Ast
hma
Glo
ssit
is, g
ingi
viti
s, s
tom
atit
is
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Pow
ders
, ext
ract
s,
caps
ules
, tea
s
Dos
es: T
ype
II di
abet
es
mel
litus
up
to 6
g/da
y
for
40 d
ays
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Cra
nber
ry◆
◆N
o lo
nger
tho
ught
to
acid
ify u
rine
◆◆
Inst
ead,
con
tain
s pr
oant
ho-
cyan
idin
s w
hich
pre
vent
ba
cter
ial a
dhes
ion
in b
ladd
er
Use
s: t
reat
uri
nary
tra
ct in
fect
ions
Trea
t H
.pyl
ori s
tom
ach
infe
ctio
ns
that
cau
se u
lcer
s
Ant
ioxi
dant
Ant
ican
cer
Prev
ent
dent
al p
laqu
e
Stud
ies:
dis
pute
tha
t cr
anbe
rrie
s ca
n tr
eat
urin
ary
trac
t in
fect
ions
, but
the
y m
ay h
elp
PREV
ENT
them
Stud
ies:
may
pre
vent
E.c
oli o
rgan
ism
s fr
om a
dher
ing
in u
rina
ry t
ract
wal
ls
and
may
pre
vent
H.p
ylor
i org
anis
ms
from
sur
vivi
ng in
sto
mac
h
Stud
ies:
pos
sibl
e an
tiox
idan
t pr
oper
-ti
es; p
ossi
bly
prev
ents
den
tal p
laqu
e
* exc
ess
cran
berr
y ju
ice
can
caus
e G
I ups
et
* use
cau
tiou
sly
if ta
king
con
com
itan
t an
tico
agul
ants
or
asp
irin
, or
med
icat
ions
tha
t af
fect
live
r
AD
Rs:
↑ri
sk b
leed
ing
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
ibio
tics
–ad
diti
ve
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Asp
irin
↑ b
leed
ing
Bev
erag
e, s
auce
s
and
jelli
es
Tabl
ets,
cap
sule
s
Dos
e: c
apsu
les
200-
800m
g da
ily in
div
ided
dos
es
Dos
e: ju
ice
cock
tail—
500m
l/da
y
Cre
atin
e◆
◆Pr
oduc
ed in
bod
y fr
om
amin
o ac
ids
◆◆
Stor
ed in
mus
cles
Use
: ath
leti
c pe
rfor
man
ce
enha
ncem
ent
Stud
ies:
con
flict
ing
repo
rts
abou
t po
ssib
le r
enal
dys
func
tion
Stud
ies:
eff
ects
onl
y in
sho
rt d
urat
ion
phys
ical
act
ivit
y
* Avo
id in
bip
olar
, arr
hyth
mia
, DM
AD
Rs:
H/A
, sed
atio
n, s
eizu
res
Arr
hyth
mia
, ede
ma
GI s
ympt
oms
Mus
cle
cram
ping
Agg
ress
ion,
irri
tabi
lity,
man
ia in
bip
olar
, de
pres
sion
, anx
iety
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s ↑
arrh
ythm
ia
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
alt
er b
s
Diu
reti
cs ↑
effe
ct
NSA
IDS ↑
neph
roto
xici
ty
Avo
id w
ith
caff
eine
pr
oduc
ts
Dos
e: u
p to
25g
/dai
ly
by m
outh
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
DH
EA◆
◆Pr
oduc
ed b
y ad
rena
ls, l
iver
, te
stes
, neu
rons
◆◆
Con
vert
ed t
o D
HEA
S-S,
can
be
con
vert
ed t
o es
trog
ens
an
d an
drog
ens
Use
s: a
dren
al in
suff
icie
ncy
Dep
ress
ion
Obe
sity
Incr
ease
str
engt
h
Stud
ies:
No
bene
fit fo
r im
prov
ing
mem
ory
or
for
dise
ases
Ban
ned
subs
tanc
e: b
y N
atio
nal
Col
legi
ate
Ath
leti
c A
ssoc
iati
on
AD
Rs:
Dee
peni
ng v
oice
Arr
hyth
mia
, HTN
GI s
ympt
oms
Agi
tati
on, c
onfu
sion
, dep
ress
ion,
psy
chos
is
Insu
lin r
esis
tanc
e
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↑
bp
Ant
ipsy
chot
ics ↑
man
ia
Lith
ium
↑m
ania
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↑in
sulin
res
ista
nce
Tabl
ets,
cap
sule
s, c
ream
s
Fish
Oil
“om
ega
3 oi
ls”
DH
A/E
PA◆
◆Fr
om o
ily fi
sh◆
◆C
onta
ins
DH
A o
meg
a 3
fatt
y ac
id
(doc
osah
exae
noic
aci
d) a
nd E
PA
(eic
osap
enta
enoi
c ac
id)
Use
s:
Hyp
ertr
igly
ceri
dem
ia
Prev
enti
on C
AD
May
be
anti
thro
mbo
geni
c
Mild
↓B
P
↓at
hero
scle
roti
c pl
aque
↓tr
igly
ceri
dem
ia
May
be
anti
-arr
hyth
mic
* avo
id in
fish
alle
rgy
* avo
id p
erio
pera
tive
ly d
ue t
o bl
eedi
ng r
isk
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
due
to
risk
of
mer
cury
con
tam
inat
ion
* avo
id in
ble
edin
g di
sord
ers
AD
Rs:
↓B
P, ↑
LDL
↑A
lt in
cys
tic
fibro
sis
↑ri
sk m
ania
Fish
y ta
ste,
bel
chin
g
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Vit
A a
nd D
may
cau
se t
oxic
ity
wit
h co
d liv
er o
il
Vit
E:↑
ble
edin
g
Dos
e: 2
-4 g
EP
A+D
HA
dai
ly
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
c-ti
ons
or A
DR
s) O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G O
F
SUP
PLE
MEN
T
Flax
seed
oil/
seed
“l
inse
ed o
il”◆
◆Fl
axse
ed c
onta
ins
ligna
ns,
or p
hyto
estr
ogen
s◆
◆Fl
axse
ed o
il do
es n
ot
cont
ain
any
ligna
ns
Use
s: m
enop
ause
sym
ptom
s
Laxa
tive
Art
hrit
is
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Can
cer
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
hel
p lo
wer
lipi
ds if
lip
ids
are
elev
ated
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
alp
ha-li
nole
ic a
cid
(typ
e of
om
ega
3 fa
tty
acid
) co
n-ta
ined
wit
hin
help
s he
art
dise
ase
Stud
ies:
mix
ed r
esul
ts o
n ho
t fla
shes
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
mig
ht r
educ
e so
me
canc
ers’
ris
ks, u
ncle
ar
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y du
e to
ris
k of
spo
ntan
eous
del
iver
y
* Ris
k al
lerg
y, t
ype
I hyp
erse
nsit
ivit
y
AD
Rs:
Seve
re d
iarr
hea
Abd
omin
al p
ain,
bow
el o
bstr
ucti
on
↓pl
atel
et a
ggre
gati
on
↑ t
rigl
ycer
ides
May
aff
ect
sex
horm
ones
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
acet
amin
ophe
n↓ab
sorp
tion
anti
coag
ulan
ts ↑
ble
edin
g
anti
diab
etic
age
nts ↑
or ↓
bs
anti
hype
rten
sive
s ↓
bp
furo
sem
ide↓
abso
rpti
on
Flax
seed
oil
is in
liqu
id o
r ca
psul
e fo
rm
Flax
seed
who
le o
r cr
ushe
d ca
n be
mix
ed w
ith
wat
er
or u
sed
wit
h fo
od; a
lso
in
pow
der
form
Take
bot
h se
ed a
nd o
il in
su
ffic
ient
wat
er t
o av
oid
inte
stin
al o
bstr
ucti
on a
nd
cons
tipa
tion
Do
not
take
sam
e ti
me
as a
ny o
ther
med
icat
ions
or
sup
plem
ents
, as
may
de
crea
se a
bsor
ptio
n
Dos
e: o
il up
to
2g/d
aily
Dos
e: p
owde
r/flo
ur u
p to
60
g/da
ily, d
ivid
ed d
oses
w
ith
liqui
d up
to
4 w
eeks
Glu
cosa
min
eU
ses:
ost
eoar
thri
tis,
rh
eum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis
TMJ
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Chr
onic
ven
ous
insu
ffic
ienc
y
Mos
t st
udie
s us
e gl
ucos
amin
e su
lfate
, so
me
wit
h ch
ondr
oiti
n
Coc
hran
e re
view
: sho
ws
good
ev
iden
ce fo
r m
inim
al im
prov
emen
t
in p
ain
of O
/A k
nee/
hip
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
* avo
id w
ith
hx o
f she
llfis
h or
iodi
ne a
llerg
y as
som
e pr
epar
atio
ns fr
om m
arin
e ex
oske
leto
ns
* cau
tion
in D
M-m
ay↑
bs
AD
Rs:
Diz
zine
ss, H
/A, s
omno
lenc
e
↑bp
,↑he
art
rate
, pal
pita
tion
s
GI s
ide
effe
cts
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓in
sulin
pro
duct
ion
or ↑
insu
lin r
esis
tanc
e
Take
s av
erag
e 2-
4 w
eeks
fo
r be
nefit
Dos
e: 5
00m
g ti
d fo
r up
to
6 m
onth
s
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Gra
pese
ed E
xtra
ct◆
◆Le
aves
and
frui
t of
gra
pes
ha
ve b
een
used
med
icin
ally
si
nce
anci
ent
Gre
ece
◆◆
Extr
act
mad
e fr
om g
rape
see
ds
left
over
from
win
e-m
akin
g
Use
s: a
ther
oscl
eros
is, C
AD
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
HTN
Cir
cula
tory
issu
es fr
om d
iabe
tes,
in
eye
s (m
acul
ar d
egen
erat
ion
and
vasc
ular
dis
ease
), p
erip
hery
Can
cers
edem
a
Stud
ies:
sho
w e
ffic
acy
for
chro
nic
veno
us in
suff
icie
ncy
and
extr
emit
y ed
ema
Stud
ies:
ben
efit
for
diab
etic
ret
ino-
path
y an
d an
tiox
idan
t ef
fect
s
Stud
ies
in p
roce
ss a
re lo
okin
g at
br
east
, pro
stat
e, c
olon
can
cer
prev
en-
tion
, Alz
heim
er’s
tre
atm
ent
* Avo
id in
per
iope
rati
ve p
erio
ds
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
* Avo
id w
ith
blee
ding
dis
orde
rs, i
ron
defic
ienc
y
AD
Rs:
H/A
, diz
zine
ss
HTN
Itch
y sc
alp
GI s
ympt
oms
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↑
effe
ct
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Iron
↓ a
mou
nt
Dos
e: u
p to
300
mg/
d
by m
outh
in c
apsu
les
or
tab
lets
Gre
en T
ea “
Chi
nese
Tea
”
“Jap
anes
e Te
a”◆
◆A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
is E
GC
G
Use
s: m
enta
l ale
rtne
ss
Wei
ght
loss
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Can
cer
trea
tmen
ts—
gast
ric,
br
east
, ski
n
Stud
ies:
mix
ed r
esul
ts o
n pr
even
tion
or
slo
win
g of
som
e ca
ncer
s
Stud
y: im
prov
es m
enta
l ale
rtne
ss,
likel
y fr
om c
affe
ine
* Avo
id if
on
anti
coag
ulan
ts a
s co
ntai
ns V
itam
in K
* Avo
id if
caf
fein
e-se
nsit
ive
* Avo
id u
sing
con
cent
rate
d gr
een
tea
extr
acts
if h
ave
or d
evel
op li
ver
issu
es; s
ome
risk
live
r to
xici
ty
AD
Rs:
Caf
fein
e-re
late
d: in
som
nia,
irri
tabi
lity,
pal
pita
tion
s,
GI u
pset
, uri
nary
freq
uenc
y, ↑
psyc
hiat
ric
sym
ptom
s
Prim
arily
use
d as
be
vera
ge b
y st
eam
ing
gr
een
tea
leav
es.
Can
be
mad
e in
to c
apsu
les
or p
ut w
ith
othe
r pr
oduc
ts.
Som
e to
pica
l pro
duct
s.
Dos
e: 2
50-9
50m
l tea
po
qd
up t
o 4
wee
ks fo
r C
AD
ben
efit
s
Dos
e: 4
00m
l tid
for
m
enta
l ale
rtne
ss
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Gua
rana
◆◆
Has
am
ong
high
est
caff
eine
co
nten
t of
all
plan
ts◆
◆G
uara
na=2
.5%
-7%
caf
fein
e◆
◆C
offe
e=1%
-2%
caf
fein
e
Use
s: c
ogni
tive
and
m
ood
enha
ncem
ent
obes
ity
* Not
to
be u
sed
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on d
ue t
o hi
gh
perc
enta
ge o
f caf
fein
e an
d as
soci
ated
ris
ks m
isca
r-ri
age,
IUG
R
* not
to
be u
sed
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
, as
it d
ecre
ases
pl
atel
et a
ggre
gati
on
AD
Rs:
Rel
ated
to
caff
eine
con
tent
Agi
tati
on, a
nxie
ty, i
nsom
nia
Arr
hyth
mia
, hyp
erte
nsio
n
H/A
, GI s
ympt
oms
Tach
ycar
dia,
psy
chos
is, o
ther
s
↓pl
atel
et a
ggre
gati
on
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Alc
ohol
↑ef
fect
Ana
lges
ics ↑
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
anti
hype
rten
sive
s↓ef
fect
anti
biot
ics
alte
r ef
fect
CN
S de
pres
sant
s-an
tago
nist
ic
Ephe
drin
e-ad
diti
ve
Dop
amin
ergi
c-ad
diti
ve
Bet
ablo
cker
s-an
tago
nist
ic
othe
rs
Dry
ext
ract
dos
es s
houl
d no
t be
>3g
/day
Foun
d in
Bra
zilia
n so
das,
an
d in
crea
sing
ly in
US
ener
gy p
rodu
cts
and
en
ergy
dri
nks.
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Kel
p “s
eaw
eed”
◆◆
Bro
wn
seaw
eed
has
been
use
d fo
r fo
od a
nd m
edic
ine
◆◆
Con
tain
s so
dium
alg
inat
e
Use
s: a
ntic
oagu
lant
Ant
ivir
al
Wou
nd r
epai
r
goit
er
Wei
ght
loss
Can
cer
Evid
ence
ant
ioxi
dant
and
an
tiba
cter
ial a
ctio
ns
Ant
icoa
gula
nt e
ffec
t in
lab
* Iod
ine
may
cau
se h
yper
sens
itiv
ity
rash
incl
udin
g an
gioe
dem
a, T
TP, d
eath
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y/la
ctat
ion-
abor
tifa
cent
eff
ect
AD
Rs:
↓bp
in s
ome
spec
ies
Incr
ease
or
decr
ease
thy
roid
Laxa
tive
eff
ect
Ble
edin
g
Peri
pher
al n
euro
path
y fr
om a
rsen
ic c
onte
nt
Nep
hrot
oxic
ity
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
SLa
xati
ves ↑
effe
ct
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp in
som
e
Estr
ogen
s-an
ties
trog
enic
eff
ect
Aqu
eous
ext
ract
, pow
der,
gr
anul
es, c
apsu
les,
tab
lets
No
stan
dard
izat
ion
of
iodi
ne c
onte
nt
Mel
aton
in
Neu
roho
rmon
e se
cret
ed b
y pi
neal
gl
and
due
to d
arkn
ess
Influ
ence
s ci
rcad
ian
rhyt
hm a
nd
slee
p in
itia
tion
Use
: sle
ep d
isor
ders
AD
HD
Alz
heim
er’s
dis
ease
May
impa
ct b
rain
sle
ep c
ente
r
Imm
une
stim
ulan
t
Ant
ioxi
dant
Jet
lag
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on
AD
Rs:
con
fusi
on
Dep
ress
ion
(tra
nsie
nt)
Diz
zine
ss
Dre
am d
istu
rban
ce
Dro
wsi
ness
Irri
tabi
lity
Neu
robe
havi
oral
alt
erat
ion
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
SA
ntic
oagu
lant
s ↓
effe
ctiv
enes
s
Ant
ihyp
erlip
idem
ics ↑
athe
rosc
lero
sis
Ant
isei
zure
dru
gs ↑
seiz
ure
risk
Seda
tive
s ↑
seda
tion
Not
app
rove
d fo
r sa
fety
ov
er >
3 m
onth
s us
e
Dos
e: 0
.1-5
mg
in
eve
ning
po
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Pol
icos
anol
◆◆
Alc
ohol
s fr
om s
ugar
can
e w
ax
Use
: hyp
erch
oles
tero
lem
ia
Inhi
bits
cho
lest
erol
syn
thes
is in
live
r
LDL
degr
adat
ion
Ant
ioxi
dant
Stud
ies:
man
y fr
om C
uba,
sou
rce
of
suga
r ca
ne, s
ome
conf
licti
ng d
ata
from
non
-Cub
an s
tudi
es
AD
Rs
Ant
ipla
tele
t ef
fect
H/A
, diz
zy, ↓
BP
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents↓
bs
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Ant
ipar
kins
onia
ns ↑
dysk
ines
ias
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Nit
rate
s ↓
bp
Cap
sule
s, t
able
ts
Dos
e: 5
-80m
g/da
y up
to
3 ye
ars
Red
Yea
st R
ice
◆◆
Extr
act
from
ferm
enti
ng r
ice
w
ith
yeas
t◆
◆FD
A b
anne
d sa
le in
US
due
to
viol
atio
n, s
uppl
emen
t co
ntai
ned
lova
stat
in (
pres
crip
tion
sta
tin)
◆◆
FDA
war
ns n
ot t
o bu
y on
inte
rnet
du
e to
lova
stat
in c
ompo
nent
Use
: hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Con
tain
ste
rols
, fat
ty a
cids
, is
ofla
vone
s
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
pote
ntia
l
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs
Ras
h, a
naph
ylax
is
Diz
zine
ss, H
/A,
↓bp
↓bs
GI s
ympt
oms
↓H
gb, ↓
BU
N
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Alc
ohol
↑liv
er t
oxic
ity
CoQ
10 ↓
, nee
ds s
uppl
emen
t
Ant
idia
beti
c ↓
or ↑
bs
Ant
ihyp
erlip
idem
ics ↑
risk
adv
erse
eff
ects
Stat
ins ↑
ris
k ad
vers
e ef
fect
s
↑ri
sk r
habd
omyo
lysi
s w
ith
azal
ides
, cyc
losp
orin
e,
nefa
zodo
ne, o
ther
s
Gel
cap
sule
s
Do
not
take
wit
h gr
apef
ruit
ju
ice
or a
lcoh
ol
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Soy
◆◆
Soyb
eans
con
tain
isof
lavo
nes,
si
mila
r to
est
roge
n
Use
s: m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s
HTN
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Ost
eopo
rosi
s
Bre
ast
and
pros
tate
can
cer
(may
be
now
con
trai
ndic
ated
in b
reas
t ca
ncer
)
Stud
ies:
red
uces
LD
L ch
oles
tero
l
Stud
ies:
red
uces
hot
flas
hes
* Rar
e al
lerg
ies
* Avo
id s
oy in
hor
mon
e-re
late
d ca
ncer
s or
ris
k of
ca
ncer
s (b
reas
t, e
ndom
etri
al, o
vari
an)
AD
Rs:
Mild
GI s
ympt
oms
H/A
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Tam
oxife
n in
terf
eres
wit
h ef
fect
s
Estr
ogen
inte
rfer
es w
ith
effe
cts
Soyb
eans
, tof
u, s
oy m
ilk
Pow
ders
, cap
sule
s, s
uppl
e-m
ents
and
nut
riti
on b
ars
Dos
e: 1
0-10
6g p
o bi
d
Dos
e: 2
5 g
soy
daily
for
CA
D r
isk
Spir
ulin
a “b
lue-
gree
n al
gae”
Use
s: d
iabe
tes,
hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Alle
rgic
rhi
niti
s
Wei
ght
loss
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
H/A
, N/V
hepa
toto
xici
ty
Dos
e: D
M 1
g p
o bi
d
wit
h m
eals
Dos
e: a
llerg
ic r
hini
tis
1000
-200
0mg
qd
x12
wee
ks
Wild
Yam
Use
s: h
yper
lipid
emia
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
GI u
pset
, con
tact
der
mat
itis
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Hor
mon
es a
lter
ed e
ffec
ts
Topi
cal-v
agin
al c
ream
s
Cap
sule
s: 2
50m
g 1-
3x/d
ay
n RefeRenCeS:Herbs At A Glance. (2013). NIH National Center
for Complementary and Alternative Medicine retrieved at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/herbs ataglance.htm (Natural Standard Database Web site and Natural Medicines Comprehensive Data-base Web site are resources)
Sanoski, C.A., & Sucich, M.I. (2011). Herbal Notes: A Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Ulbright, C. (2011). Davis’ Pocket Guide to Herbs and Sup-plements. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. (Note: author is founder of Natural Standard Research Collabora-tion and Chief Editor, Journal of Dietary Supplements).