t iv. · (present continuous tense) 2. i walked. h˚qt q&ç#êqt. (past simple tense) 3. i will...

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Ç+ ¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ ø±e\dæq ø£ dü yêø±´\T

1. I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. (Present Continuous tense)2. I walked. H˚qT q&ç#êqT. (Past Simple Tense)3. I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Future Simple Tense)4. I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì. (Past Continous Tense)5. I walk. H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Present Simple Tense)6. I walk. H˚qT (s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Present Simple Tense)

ô|’q Ç∫Ãq 6 yêø±´\qT u≤>± nuÛÑ dæùdÔ @ dü+<äs¡“¤eTT˝ÀHÓ’Hê eTq uÛ≤yê\qT

Ç‘·s¡T\≈£î düT\uÛÑ+>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·T>∑\eTT. nq>± Ç+ ¢wt À @ düeTj·T+˝ÀHÓ’Hê

düπs #·ø£ÿ>± e÷{≤¢&É≥eTT eTq≈£î #˚‘·qe⁄‘·T+~. á 6 yêø±´\˝À Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ

yêø£ eTTqT Hê\T>∑T yêø±´\T>± #Ó|üŒe#·TÃqT. ñ<ë:

I. 1. I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT. (Affirmative sentence)2. I am not (aren’t @+{Ÿ) walking. H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

(Nagative sentence)3. Am I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê? (Interrogative sentence)4. Aren’t (@+{Ÿ) I walking? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?

(Negative Interrogative sentence)

II 1. I walked. H˚qT q&ç#êqT. (Affirmative sentence)2. I didn’t (&ç+{Ÿ) walk. H˚qT q&Ée Ò<äT. (Negative sentence)3. Did I walk? H˚qT q&ç#êHê? (Interrogative sentence)4. Didn’t (&ç+{Ÿ) I walk? H˚qT q&Ée Ò<ë?


III 1. I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Affirmative sentence)2. I won’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT. (Negative sentence)3. Will I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? (Interrogative sentence)4. Won’t I walk? HqT q&ÉeHê?(Negative Interrogative sentence)

IV. 1. I was walking. HqT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì. (Affirmative sentence)2. I wasn’t walking. HqT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É Ò<äT.(Nagative sentence)3. Was I walking? HqT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{ÏHê? (Interrogative sentence)

4. Wasn’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É Ò<ë?


V. 1. I will be walking. HqT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+{≤qT. (Affirmative sentence)

2. I won’t be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+&ÉqT. (Nagative sentence)

3. Will I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+{≤Hê?

(Interrogative sentence)4. Won’t I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ôe⁄+&ÉHê?

(Negative Interrogative sentence)VI 1. I walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT. (Affirmative sentence)

2. I don’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT. (Negative sentence)3. Do I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê? (Interrogative sentence)4. Don’t I walk? HqT q&ÉeHê?(Negative Interrogative sentence)

ô|’ yêø£ eTT\˝≤>± á ÁøÏ+<ä Çe«ã&çq |ü<äeTT\qT ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô eT]ø=ìï

Ç+ ¢wt yêø£ eTT\T Áyêj·T+&ç.

A BI - am/aren’t (@+{Ÿ) He - is/isn’t áCŸ+{Ÿ

We - are/aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) She - is/isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

You - are/aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) It - is/isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

They - are/aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) Ravi - is/isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

Boys - are/aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) Latha - is/isn’t (áCŸ+{Ÿ)

nsêú\T: I = H˚qT, We = y˚TeTT, You = ˙e⁄/MTs¡T, They = yês¡T,

Boys = u≤\Ts¡T, He = n‘·qT, She = ÄyÓT, It = n~,

Ravi = s¡$, Latha = \‘·

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1Present Continuous

am aren’t I am coming H˚qT edüTÔHêïqT

are aren’t We are coming y˚TeTT edüTÔHêïeTT

is isn’t He is coming n‘·qT edüTÔHêï&ÉT

Past Continuouswas wasn’t I was coming H˚qT edü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì

were weren’t We were coming y˚TeTT edü÷Ô e⁄+{Ï$T

was wasn’t He was coming n‘·qT edü÷Ô e⁄+&ÓqT

Future Continuouswill be won’t be I will be coming H˚qT edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT

will be won’t be We will be coming y˚TeTT edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤eTT

will be won’t be He will be coming n‘·qT edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT

2Present Perfect

have haven’t I have come H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) e#êÃqT

has hasn’t He has come n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) e#êÃ&ÉT

Past Perfecthad hadn’t I had come H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT) e∫Ã‹ì

He had come n‘·qT (n|ü&ÉT) e#ÓÃqT

Future Perfectwill have won’t have I will have come

H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) e∫Ã e⁄+{≤qT

He will have comen‘·qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) e∫Ã e⁄+{≤&ÉT

3Present Perfect Continuous

have been haven’t been I have been comingH˚qT (#ê˝≤ ùd|ü{Ï>±) edüTÔHêïqT

has been hasn’t been He has been comingn‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) edüTÔHêï&ÉT

Past Perfect Continuoushad been hadn’t been I have been coming

H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) edü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì

He had been comingn‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) edü÷Ô e⁄+&ÓqT

Future Perfect Continuouswill have been won’t have been I had been coming

H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT

He had been comingn‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT

4Present Simple

A Group - I, We, You, They, BoysB Group - He, She, It, Rama, SitaA Group B GroupCome Comes I come. He comes

H˚qT ekÕÔqT. n‘·qT ekÕÔ&ÉT.

Do Does Do I come? Does he come?H˚qT ekÕÔHê? n‘·qT ekÕÔ&Ü?

Don’t Doesn’t I don’t come. He doesn’t comeH˚qT sêqT. n‘·qT sê&ÉT.

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Past SimpleCame Came I came

H˚qT e∫Ã‹ì

Did Didn’t Did he come? He didn’t come.n‘·qT e#êÃ&Ü? n‘·qT sê Ò<äT.

Future Simplewill come won’t come I will have come H˚qT ekÕÔqT.

shall come shan’t come Shall I come? H˚qT ekÕÔHê?

M{Ïì u≤>± H˚s¡TÃø=q+&ç.

1. Shall/Will ` uÛÑ$wü ‘·TÔqT dü÷∫düTÔ+~.

a) Shall I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?

b) I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

2. Do/Does s√p #˚ùd |üqT\≈£î m≈£îÿe>± yê&É‘ês¡T.

a) Do I go to school? H˚q dü÷ÿ\T≈£î yÓfi¯‘êHê?

b) Does he go to school? n‘·qT dü÷ÿ\T≈£î yÓfi¯‘ê&Ü?

3. Did ` »]–q|üìì ‘Ó*ù|~.

a) Did I walk? ` H˚qT q&ç#êHê?

4. Am/Are/Is ` Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ e⁄qï dæú‹ì ‘Ó*ù|~

a) I am here ` H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É e⁄HêïqT.

5. Have+V3/Has+V3 ` Ç|ü&˚ »]–q|üìì ‘Ó*ù|~

a) I have written a letter. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) ñ‘·Ôs¡+ ÁyêXÊqT.

b) He has come here. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) Çø£ÿ&É≈£î e#êÃ&ÉT.

6. Will have+V3 - uÛÑ$wü ‘·TÔ À á düeTj·÷ìøÏ nsTTb˛j˚T |üìì ‘Ó*ù|~

a) I will have beaten him tomorrow at this time.πs|ü⁄ á düeTj·÷ìøÏ n‘·ìì ø=fÒºdæ j·TT+{≤qT.

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7. Might have + V3>∑‘·+˝À ˇø£ |üì »]–j·TT+&Ée#·TÃ nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT Ç~ yê&Ü*.

a) He might have given him Rs.100/- yesterday.ìqï n‘·ìøÏ n‘·qT s¡÷. 100/` Ç∫Ã e⁄+&Ée#·TÃqT.

8. Should have+V3/must have+V3‘·|üŒìdü]>± ˇø£ |üì >∑‘·+˝À »]–e⁄+≥T+~ nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT

a) He should have beaten Ravi yesterday.n‘·qT s¡$ì ìqï ‘·|üŒø£ ø={Ïº e⁄+{≤&ÉT.

b) She must have married him yesterday.ÄyÓT n‘·ìì ìqï ‘·|üŒø£ ô|[fl #˚düTø=ì e⁄+≥T+~.

9. Had+V3. >∑‘·+˝À ¬s+&ÉT |üqT\T »]–q|ü&ÉT yÓTT<ä{Ï>± »]–q |üìì

Past Perfect ÀqT ¬s+&ÉekÕ] »]–q |üìì Past Simple ÀqT #ÓbÕŒ*.

ex He had slept last night before I went his home.n‘·ì Ç+{ÏøÏ H˚qT yÓfi‚flø£+fÒ eTT+<äT n‘·qT ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.

10. May ` »s¡>∑e#·TÃ nqTq|ü&ÉT #ÓbÕŒ* á |ü<ëìï

ex My friend Venkatesh may come here.Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT yÓ+ø£fÒwt Çø£ÿ&çøÏ sêe#·TÃ

11. Have to/Has to ` #˚j·÷* nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT

ex a) I have to go to Vijayawada tomorrow by 6:00 pmH˚qT πs|ü⁄ kÕj·T+Á‘·+ 6 >∑+≥\≈£î $»j·Tyê&É #˚sê*.

b)He has to dance here ` n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É Hê≥´+ #˚j·÷*.

12 Going to / about to ` #˚j·TuÀe⁄#·THêïqT.

a) I am goint to / about to give you Rs. 100/-H˚qT ˙≈£î s¡÷.100 Çe«uÀe⁄#·THêïqT.

13. Can ` #˚j·T>∑\qT nì #Óù|Œ≥|ü&ÉT

I can run there ` H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î |üs¡T¬>‹Ô yÓfi¯fl>∑\qT.

14. Could ` #˚j·T>∑\&ÉT

a) I could eat well ` H˚qT <ëìì u≤>± ‹q>∑*>±qT.

15. Let ` #˚j·T˙

a) Let me explain it. ` <ëìì >∑T]+∫ qqTï $es¡D Çe«˙j·T+&ç

16. I saw him singing a song yesterday.ìqï n‘·qT ˇø£ bÕ≥ bÕ&É≥+ H˚qT #·÷XÊqT.

There are 23 helping verbs.1. Am - I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.

2. Is - He is walking. n‘·qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT.

3. Are - We are walking. y˚TeTT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïeTT.

4. Was - I was walking in the morning.H˚qT ñ<äj·÷+ q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.

5. Were - We were walking in the morning.y˚TeTT ñ<äj·T+ q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ï$T.

6. Being - I am being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô e⁄Hêïs¡T.

7. Been - I have been scolded. qqTï Ç|ü&˚ ‹{≤ºs¡T.

8. Be - I shall be eating a mango tomorrow.H˚qT πs|ü⁄ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹qT#·÷ e⁄+{≤qT.

9. Have - I have eaten a mango. HqT (Ç|ü&) e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹HêïqT.

10. Has - He has eaten a mango. n‘·ì|ü&˚ e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹Hêï&ÉT

11. Had - I had eaten a mango yesterday before you came.ìqï ˙e⁄ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT e÷$T&çø±j·T ‹+{Ïì.

12. Do - Do you go there. ˙e⁄/MTs¡T nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi¯‘êsê?

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13. Does - Does he read here today?n‘·qT á s√E Çø£ÿ&É #·<äTe⁄‘ê&Ü?

14. Did - Did he go there yesterday?ìqï n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl&Ü?

15. Shall - Shall I take it. H˚qT <ëìì rdüTø√Hê?

16. Should - You should come here.˙e⁄ Ç|ü&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î ‘·|üŒø£ sêyê*.

17. Will - He will come here tomorrow.πs|ü⁄ n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î ekÕÔ&ÉT.

18. Would - Would you mind opening the window.øÏ{Ïø° ‘Ós¡e&ÜìøÏ MTπsMT nqTø√s¡T>±!

19. May - He may help me. n‘·qT Hê≈£î kÕj·T+ #j·Te#·TÃqT (ãVüQXÊ)

20. Might - He might be coming here. n‘·qT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î edü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT.

21. Must - You must go there. ˙e⁄ ‘·|üŒø£ nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl*.

22. Can - I can do it alone. H˚qT Bìì ˇ+{]>± #˚j·T>∑\qT.

23. Could - I could lift this chair. H˚qT á ≈£îØÃì ô|’¬ø‘·Ô>∑*>±qT.

Verbs 3 s¡ø±\T

1. Action verbs - Subject #˚ùd |üìì ‘Ó*ù|~

walk, talk, run, dance, sit, etc.2. Helping verbs - Verbs düVü‰j·T+‘√ #˚ùd$

can, may, have, shall, will, must3. Linking verbs - Subject ≈£î object≈£î nqTdü+<Ûëq+>± e⁄+&˚$

am, are, is become, feel, look, seen, etc.

Active Voice + Passive Voice (40 Sentences)

1. I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.

2. I wasn’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É Ò<äT.

3. I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.

4. I aren’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ÒqT/H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

5. I will be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT.

6. I won’t be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&ÉqT.

7. I had walked. H˚qT (n|ü&˚) q&ç∫‹ì.

8. I hadn’t walked. H˚qT (n|ü&ÉT) q&Ée Ò<äT.

9. I have walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.

10. I haven’t walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée Ò<äT.

11. I will have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫e⁄+{≤qT.

12. I won’t have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫e⁄+&ÉqT.

13. I had been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.

14. I hadn’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&Édü÷Ô ÒqT.

15. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Édü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.

16. I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

17. I wil have been waking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤qT.

18. I won’t have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&ÉqT.

19. I walked. H˚qT q&ç∫‹ì.

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20. I didn’t walk. H˚qT q&Ée Ò<äT.

21. I walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

22. I don’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT.

23. I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

24. I won’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT.

25. I was scolded. qqTï ‹{Ïº].

26. I wasn’t scolded. qqTï ‹≥º Ò<äT.

27. I am scolded. qqTï ‹{≤ºs¡T.

28. I aren’t scolded. qqTï ‹≥º Ò<äT.

29. I will be scolded. qqTï ‹&É‘ês¡T.

30. I won’t be scolded. qqTï ‹{ºs¡T.

31. I was being scolded. qqTï ‹&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{Ï].

32. I wasn’t being scolded. qqTï ‹&ÉT‘·÷ Òs¡T.

33. I am being scolded. qqTï ‹≥Tº#·THêïs¡T.

34. I aren’t being scolded. qqTï ‹≥º&É+ Ò<äT

35. I had been scolded. qqTï (n|ü&ÉT) ‹{≤ºs¡T.

36. I hadn’t been scolded. qqTï (n|ü&ÉT) ‹≥º Ò<äT.

37. I have been scolded. qqTï (Ç|ü&˚) ‹{≤ºs¡T.

38. I haven’t been scolded. qqTï (Ç|ü&ÉT) ‹≥º Ò<äT.

39. I will have been scolded. qqTï (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) ‹{Ïº e⁄+{≤s¡T.

40. I won’t have been scolded. qqTï (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) ‹{Ïº e⁄+&És¡T.

Active Voice (Shortcuts)

was / wasn’tI am / aren’t walking.

will be / won’t be

had / hadn’tI have / haven’t walked.

will have / won’t have

had been / hadn’t beenI have been / haven’t been walking

will have been / won’t have been

walked / didn’t walkI walk / don’t walk

will walk / won’t walk

Passive Voicewas / wasn’t

I am / aren’t scolded.will be / won’t be

was / wasn’tI am / aren’t being scolded.

had been / hadn’t beenI have been / haven’t been scolded.

will have been / won’t have been

Total 40 sentences (Active Voice + Passive Voice)

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A few sentences1. I walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

2. I will walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

3. I shall walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

4. I should walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

5. I do walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.



8. I shan’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT.

9. I shouldn’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT.

10. I wouldn’t walk. H˚qT q&ÉeqT.

11. Do I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?

12. Shall I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?

13. Should I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?

14. I can walk. H˚qT q&Ée>∑\qT.

15. I may walk. H˚qT (ãVüQX¯) q&Éee#·TÃ.

16. I must walk. H˚qT (‘·|üŒø£) q&Éyê*.

17. I could walk. H˚qT q&Ée>∑*>±qT.

18. I couldn’t walk. H˚qT q&Ée Òø£ b˛j·÷qT


20. I can’t walk. H˚qT q&Ée ÒqT.

21. I may not walk. H˚qT (ãVüQX¯) q&Éeø£b˛e#·TÃqT.

22. I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.

23. He might be walking there. n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{≤&ÉT.

24. I am not (aren’t) walking. H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

25. Am I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïHê?

26. Am not (aren’t) walking. H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?

27. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄HêïqT.

28. Have I been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?

29. I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É Ò<äT?

30. Haven’t I been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?


32. Have I walked? H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ç#êHê?

33. I haven’t walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée Ò<äT?

34. Haven’t I walked? qqT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée Ò<ë?

35. I walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.


37. Do I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?

38. Don’t I walk? H˚qT q&ÉeHê?

39. If I invite him to the party, he will attend.

H˚qT n‘·ìì bÕØºøÏ ÄVü‰«ìùdÔ, n‘·qT ekÕÔ&ÉT.

40. If you read well, you will pass.

˙e⁄ u≤>± #·~$‘˚, ˙e⁄ ñrÔs¡Tí&Ée⁄ ne⁄‘êe⁄.

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41. If I were a bird, I would fly home.

H˚qT ˇø£ |üøÏåì nsTT‘˚, Ç+{ÏøÏ m–] yÓfi≤ÔqT (nkÕ<Ûä $wüj·T+˝À)

42. If you meet minister, he may help you.

˙e⁄ eT+Á‹ì ø£*ùdÔ, n‘·qT ˙≈£î kÕj·T+ #˚j·Te#·TÃqT.

43. If he had worked hard, he would have passed.

n‘·qT u≤>± ø£wüº|ü&çe⁄+fÒ, n‘·qT bÕdüsTT e⁄+&˚yê&ÉT.

44. If I had gone there, I would have got the job.

H˚qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓ[fle⁄+fÒ, Ä ñ<√´>∑+ Hê≈£î e∫Ãe⁄+&˚~.

45. Ramesh is the cleverest boy in the class. (Superlative Degree)

‘·s¡>∑‹˝À s¡y˚Twt u≤>± ‘Ó*$ >∑\ u≤\T&ÉT.

46. Ramesh is clever than any other boy in the class.

s¡y˚Twt ‘·s¡>∑‹˝À, u≤\Ts¡+<ä]ø£+fÒ ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉT. (Comparative Degree)

47. No other boy in the class is as cleverer as Ramesh

‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì @ ø£ÿu≤\T&É÷ s¡y˚Twt n+‘· ‘Ó*$>∑\yê&ÉTø±<äT.(Positive Degree)

48. Ramesh is one of the cleverest boys in the class (SD)

s¡y˚Twt ‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì ‘Ó*$>∑\ yêfi¯fl˝À ˇø£&ÉT.

49. Very few boys in the class are as clever as Ramesh.

‘·s¡>∑‹˝Àì #ê˝≤ ‘·≈£îÿe eT+~ u≤\Ts¡T s¡y˚Twt n+‘· ‘Ó*$>∑\yês¡T.

50. I saw him to minutes ago. |ü~ ì$TcÕ\ ÁøÏ‘·+ HqT n‘·ìì #·÷XÊqT.

51. I pray for your success. ˙ $»j·T+ ø√dü+ H˚qT ÁbÕ]úkÕÔqT.

52. A blind man needs help. >∑T&ç¶yêìøÏ kÕj·T+ nedüs¡+.

53. I have no money to spare.

πø{≤sTT+#·{≤ìøÏ/Ks¡TÃ #˚j·T{≤ìøÏ Hê <ä>∑Zs¡ &ÉãT“ Ò<äT.

54. He is too weak to stand.

n‘·qT ì\ã&É Òq+‘· ã\V”≤q+>± ñHêï&ÉT.

55. She is a university student. ÄyÓT $X¯«$<ë´\j·T $<ë´]úì.

56. Steel is a metal. d”º\T ˇø£ ˝ÀVü≤eTT.

57. I visited Kashmir last April. >∑‘· @Á|æ Ÿ˝À H˚qT ø±oàsY #·÷XÊqT.

58. I believe you. H˚qT ìqTï qeTTà‘êqT.

59. I bought three dozen oranges.

H˚qT 3 &É»q¢ ø£eT˝≤\T ø=HêïqT.

60. None of the girls is coming to the picnic.

|æøÏïø˘≈£î @ ˇø£ÿ u≤*ø± sêe&É+@<äT.

61. He and I are twins. n‘·qT H˚qT ø£e\\T.

62. Both his sons are doctors. n‘·ì Ç<ä›s¡T ≈£îe÷s¡T\T yÓ’<äT´\T.

63. I wrote to him yesterday. ìqï H˚qT n‘·ìøÏ sêXÊqT.

64. I saw the film a week ago.

ˇø£ yês¡+ ÁøÏ‘·+ H˚qT Ä dæìe÷qT #·÷XÊqT.

65. I have been waiting here for a long time.

H˚qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± Çø£ÿ&É m<äTs¡T #·÷düTÔHêïqT.

66. I have been waiting for you since 6 O’clock

˙ ø√dü+ qqT 6 >∑+≥\ qT+&ç m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïqT.

9

67. Vijayawada as well as Hyderabad is a city.

$»j·Tyê&É n+‘˚>±ø£ ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é ˇø£ q>∑s¡eTT.

68. I like to listen to the radio. Hê≈£î πs&çjÓ÷ $q&É+ Çwüº+.

69. She is my cousin. ÄyÓT Hê ‘√ãT≥Tºe⁄.

70. Neither of us was present at the meeting.

eTq˝À ˇø£ÿ&ÉT düe÷y˚XÊìøÏ Vü‰»s¡T ø± Ò<äT.

71. I am thirty five years old. Hê≈£î 35 dü+e‘·‡sê\ ej·TdüT‡.

72. He is brilliant neither at language nor science.

n‘·qT uÛ≤wü Àø±ì, ôd’Hé‡˝Àø±˙ y˚T<Ûë$ø±&ÉT.

73. Owing to his illness he was absent.

nHês√>∑ + e\¢ n‘·qT sê Ò<äT.

74. What is the price of that book. Ä |ü⁄düÔø£+ yÓ\ m+‘·?

75. I can help you. H˚qT ˙≈£î düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·T>∑\qT.

Some more sentences1. What do you do everyday? ˙e⁄ s√p @$T #˚kÕÔe⁄?

2. What will you do tomorrow? qe⁄ πs|ü⁄ @$T #˚kÕÔe⁄?

3. What did you do yesterday? ˙e⁄ ìqï @+ #˚kÕe⁄.

5. I tell you everything. H˚qT ˙≈£î n+‘ê #ÓãT‘ê.

6. I can do anything. H˚qT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·T>∑\qT.

7. I know nothing. Hê≈£î @MT ‘Ó*j·T<äT.

8. I did something. H˚qT @<√ #˚kÕqT.

9. Somebody came. mes√ e#êÃs¡T.

10. Everyone knows. Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ ‘Ó\TdüT.

11. Anybody can do this. Bìì me¬s’Hê #˚j·Te#·TÃ.

12. Nobody took that. <ëìï mes¡÷ rdüTø√ Ò<äT.

13. I went somewhere. H˚qT mø£ÿ&çø√ yÓfi≤flqT.

14. I went everywhere. H˚qT nìï#√≥¢≈£î yÓfi≤flqT.

15. I can go anywhere. H˚qT mø£ÿ&ç¬ø’Hê yÓfi≤¢qT.

16. I went nowhere. H˚qT mø£ÿ&çø° yÓfi¯fl Ò<äT.

17. Switch on the TV. {Ï$ ô|≥Tº.

18. Switch on the radio. πs&çjÓ÷ ô|≥Tº.

19. Switch on the fan. bòÕ´Hé yÓsTT´.

20. Switch on the light. …’{Ÿ yÓsTT´.

21. Switch on the gas. >±´dt yÓsTT´.

22. Turn on the TV. {Ï$ ô|≥Tº.

23. Turn on the radio. πs&çjÓ÷ ô|≥Tº.

24. Turn on the fan. bòÕ´Hé yÓsTT´.

25. Turn on the light. …’{Ÿ yÓsTT´.

26. Turn on the gas. >±´dt yÓsTT´.

27. Switch off the TV. {Ï$ ø£f…ºjYT.

28. Switch off the radio. πs&çjÓ÷ ø£f…ºjYT.

10

29. Switch off the fan. bòÕ´Hé ‹sTT´.

30. Switch off the light. …’{Ÿ ‹sTT´.

31. Switch off the gas. >±´dt ø£f…ºjYT.

32. Turn off the TV {Ï$ ø£f…ºjYT.

33. Turn off the radio. πs&çjÓ÷ ø£f…ºjYT.

34. Turn off the fan. bòÕ´Hé ø£f…ºjYT.

35. Turn off the light. …’{Ÿ ‹sTT´.

36. Turn off the gas. >±´dt ø£f…ºjYT.

37. Turn up the TV. {Ï$ kÂ+&é ô|+#·T.

38. Turn up the radio. bòÕ´Hé d”Œ&é ô|+#·T.

39. Turn up the fan. >±´dt ô|+#·T.

40. Turn up the gas. {Ï$ kÂ+&é ‘·–Z+#·T.

41. Turn down the TV. πs&çjÓ÷ kÂ+&é ‘·–Z+#·T.

42. Turn down the radio. πs&çjÓ÷ kÂ+&é ‘·–Z+#·T.

43. Turn down the fan. bòÕ´Hé d”Œ&é ‘·–Z+#·T.

44. Turn down the gas. >±´dt ‘·–Z+#·T.

45. Put on your shoes. ˙ ã÷≥T¢ y˚düTø√.

46. Put on your dress. ˙ ã≥º\T y˚düTø√.

47. Put on your shirt. ˙ #=ø±ÿ y˚düTø√.

48. Take of your shoes. ˙ ã÷≥T¢ rùdjYT

49. Take off your dress. ˙ ã≥º\T rùdjYT.

50. Take off your shirt. ˙ #=ø±ÿ rùdjYT.

51. Get on/into the bus. ãdüT‡ m≈£îÿ.

52. Get on/into the train. ¬s’\T m≈£îÿ.

53. Get on/into the auto. Ä{À m≈£îÿ.

54. Get off/out of the bus. ãdüT‡ ~>∑T.

55. Get off/out of the train. ¬s’\T ~>∑T.

56. Get down from the auto. Ä{À ~>∑T.

57. Please turn on the light. ø±düÔ …’{Ÿ y˚j·T+&ç.

58. Shall I turn down the fan? H˚qT bòÕ´Hé d”Œ&ÉT ‘·–Z+#ê˝≤?

59. I am putting on my shoes. H˚qT Hê ã÷≥T¢ y˚düTø=+≥THêïqT.

60. I took off my shoes. H˚qT ã÷≥T¢ rkÕqT.

61. Every man, woman and child was present.

Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ eT>∑yê&ÉT, Ä&É~ eT]j·TT |æ\¢yê&ÉT Vü‰»s¡j·÷´&ÉT.

Do Helping Verb‘√ yÓTT<ä\j˚T´ yêø±´\T

1. Do you take? ˙e⁄ rdüT≈£î+{≤yê?

2. What do you take? ˙e⁄ @$T rdüT≈£î+{≤e⁄?

3. What does he take? n‘·H˚$T rdüT≈£î+{≤&ÉT?

4. Where do you take? ˙e⁄ mø£ÿ&É rdüT≈£î+{≤e⁄?

5. Why do you take? ˙e⁄ m+<äT≈£î rdüT≈£î+{≤e⁄?

6. When do you take? ˙yÓ|ü&ÉT rdüT≈£î+{≤e⁄?

11

7. How do you take? ˙yÓ ≤ rdüT≈£î+{≤e⁄?

8. Do you encourage me? ˙e⁄ qqTï Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤kÕÔyê?

9. Does he give me? n‘·qT Hê≈£î ÇkÕÔ&Ü?

10. Does he have? n‘·qT ø£*–e⁄Hêï&Ü?

11. Does he refuse to give? Çe«&ÜìøÏ n‘·qT ‹s¡düÿ]kÕÔ&Ü?

12. Does he have to give? n‘·qT Çe«e\dæ ñ+<ë?

13. Do you help me? ˙e⁄ Hê≈£î kÕj·T+ #˚kÕÔyê?

14. Do you have? ˙e⁄ ø£*–e⁄Hêïyê?

15. Does he agree to go there?

n‘·qT nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi¯ófl≥≈£î n+^ø£]kÕÔ&Ü?

16. Do they cheat me? yêfi¯ófl qqTï yÓ÷dü+#˚kÕÔsê?

17. Does Ravi cheat me? s¡$ qqTï yÓ÷dü+#˚kÕÔ&Ü?

18. Do you know how to deal with him?

n‘·ì‘√ m˝≤ e´eVü≤]+#ê˝À ˙≈£î ‘Ó\TkÕ?

19. Do you wash your clothes yourself?

˙ ã≥º*ï ˙y˚ ñ‘·T≈£îÿ+{≤yê?

20. Do you need anything else? ˙≈£î Ç+ø± @yÓTÆHê nedüs¡e÷?

21. Do your parents speak English?

MT ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\T Ç+ ¢wüß e÷{≤¢&É‘êsê?

22. Does your sister stay with you?

˙ k˛<ä] ˙‘√H˚ e⁄+≥T+<ë?

23. Do you fast on Sundays?

˙e⁄ X¯ìyêsê˝À¢ ñ|üyêdü+ e⁄+{≤yê?

24. Do you frequently make mistakes in your work?

˙e⁄ ˙ |üì˝À ‘·s¡#·T>± ‘·|ü\T #˚düTÔ+{≤yê?

25. Does Latha always wear silk sarees/saris?

\‘· m\¢|ü&ÉT dæ Ÿÿ Ns¡\T <Ûä]düTÔ+<ë?

26. Do you get municipal water regularly?

MT≈£î ì‘· + eTTì‡|ü Ÿyê≥sY edüTÔ+<ë?

27. Do you have to meet them?

˙e⁄ yêfi¯flqT ø£\ee\dæe⁄+<ë?

28. Do you have to go to Vijayawada?

˙e⁄ $»j·Tyê&É yÓfi¯fle\dæe⁄+<ë?

29. Does she believe in God?

ÄyÓT uÛÑ>∑e+‘·Tì qeTTà‘·T+<ë?

30. Do you want to tell me anything?

˙e⁄ Hê≈£î @yÓTÆHê #ÓbÕŒ\ì nqT≈£î+≥THêïyê?

31. Do you have change for fifty rupees?

˙ e<ä› s¡÷.50\≈£î ∫\¢s¡ e⁄+<ë?

32. Does Ravi go to temple everyday?

s¡$ s√p >∑T&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl&Ü?

33. Do you think Ravi is honest?

s¡$ ìC≤sTTr|üs¡T&Éì nqT≈£î+≥THêïyê?

12

34. Do you know Mr. Ravi well? ˙≈£î s¡$ u≤>± ‘Ó\TkÕ?

35. Does this bus go to Charminar? á ãdüT‡ #ê]àHêsY≈£î yÓfió‘·T+<ë?

36. Does this train arrive at 9:30? ¬s’\T 9.30øÏ #˚s¡T‘·T+<ë?

37. Does this bus depart at 7.15? ãdüT‡ 7.15øÏ ãj·T\T<˚s¡T‘·T+<ë?

38. What do you have to do? ˙e⁄ @$T #˚j·Te\dæ e⁄+~?

39. When do you take your lunch? ˙e⁄ uÛÀ»q+ m|ü&ÉT #˚kÕÔe⁄?

40. Whose advice do you follow? ˙e⁄ me] dü\Vü‰ bÕ{ÏkÕÔe⁄?

41. What do you want to become? e⁄ @$T nyê«\qT≈£î+≥THêïyê?

42. What do you want your son to become?

MT nu≤“sTT @$T nyê«\ì MTs¡T ø√s¡T≈£î+≥THêïe⁄?

43. How often do you watch TV? ˙e⁄ {Ï$ mìïkÕs¡T¢ #·÷kÕÔe⁄?

44. Whom do you like most in the world?

á Á|ü|ü+#·+˝À me]ì m≈£îÿe>± Çwüº|ü&É‘êe⁄?

45. Does he give that? n‘·&ÉT <ëìï ÇkÕÔ&Ü?

46. Where do you get your provisions?

MTs¡T |ü#êØ düs¡T≈£î\T mø£ÿ&É rdüT≈£î+{≤&ÉT?

47. Where do you usually do your shopping?

˙e⁄ kÕÄs¡D+>± cÕ|æ+>¥ mø£ÿ&É #˚kÕÔe⁄?

48. How do you spend your spare time?

˙e⁄ ˙ U≤∞ düeTj·÷ìï m˝≤ >∑&ÉT|ü⁄‘êe⁄?

49. How much does the cycle cost?

á ôd’øÏ Ÿ <Ûäs¡ m+‘·?

50. Why do you like Ravi?

˙≈£î s¡$ n+fÒ m+<äT≈£î Çwüº+?

51. How much do I have to pay?

H˚qT m+‘· #Ó*¢+#·e\dæ e⁄+~?

52. How much does he owe you?

n‘·qT ˙≈£î m+‘· u≤ø° e⁄Hêï&ÉT?

53. How do you know all these things?

˙≈£î á $wüj·÷\˙ï m˝≤ ‘Ó\TkÕÔsTT?

54. Do you go to movies often?

˙e⁄ dæìe÷\≈£î ‘·s¡#·T>± yÓfi¯‘êyê?

55. How much money does your friend Ravi earn?

˙ ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT s¡$ m+‘· dü+bÕ~kÕÔ&ÉT?

56. How much money do you have?

˙ e<ä› &ÉãT“ m+‘· e⁄+~?

57. Why do you have to go to Vijayawada?

˙e⁄ $»j·Tyê&É m+<äT≈£î yÓfi¯fle\dæ e⁄+~?

58. When does he come here?

n‘·qT m|ü&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É≈£î ekÕÔ&ÉT?

13

EXERCISES

LEVEL-1

1. I am (I’m) here. H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT.

2. Am I here? H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïHê?

3. I am not (aren’t`@+{Ÿ) here. H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ÒqT.

4. Aren’t I here? H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ÒHê?

H√{Ÿ: Ç˝≤ 9 yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.

LEVEL-2

5. I was here yesterday? H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{Ïì.

6. Was I here yesterday? H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{ÏHê?

7. I was not (wasn’t) here yesterday? H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ÒqT?

8. Wasn’t I here yesterday? H˚qT ìqï Çø£ÿ&É ÒHê?

H√{Ÿ: Ç˝≤ 9 yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.

LEVEL-3

9. I will (I’ll`Ç˝Ÿ) be there tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤qT.

10. Will I be there tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤Hê?

11. I will not (won’t`y√+{Ÿ) be there tomorrow.

H˚qT πs|ü⁄ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÉqT.

12. Won’t I be there tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÉHê?

Note: Ç˝≤ we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ* (yÓTT‘·Ô+ 120 ekÕÔsTT)

LEVEL-4

1. I am (I’m`◊yéT) walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.

2. Am I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê?

3. I am not (aren’t`@+{Ÿ) walking. H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<äT.

4. Aren’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?

LEVEL-5

5. I was walking yesterday. H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{Ïì.

6. Was I walking yesterday? H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+{ÏHê?

7. I was not (wasn’t`e»+{Ÿ) walking yesterday?

H˚qT ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É Ò<ë?

8. Wasn’t I walking yesterday?

H˚qT ìqï ìqï q&ÉTdü÷Ô e⁄+&É Ò<ë?

LEVEL-6

9. I will (I’ll`Ç Ÿ) be walking tomorrow.

πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.

10. Will I be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?

11. I will not be walking tomorrow. H˚qT πs|ü⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.

12. Won’t I be walking tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?


|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*.

14

LEVEL-71. I advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT.

2. Do I advise? H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔHê?

3. I do not (don’t &√Héº) advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«qT.

4. Don’t I advise? H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«Hê?

5. He advise. n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔ&ÉT.

6. Does he advises. n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔ&Ü?

7. He does not (doesn’t) advise. n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«&ÉT.

8. Doesn’t he advise? n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«&Ü?



LEVEL-81. I advised. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃqT.

2. Did I advise? H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃHê?

3. I did not (didn’t &ç+{Ÿ) advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

4. Didn’t I advise? H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?


|ü<ë\‘√ yêø±´\T #ÓbÕŒ*. yÓTT‘·Ô+ 40 yêø±´\T ekÕÔsTT.

LEVEL-91. I shall advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT.

2. Shall I advise? H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔHê?

3. I will not (won’t y√+{Ÿ) advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe« ÒqT.

4. Won’t I advise? H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«Hê?



LEVEL-10

1. I have (I’ve) walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.

2. Have I walked? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?

3. I have not (haven’t`ùV≤e+{Ÿ) walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée Ò<äT.

4. Haven’t I walked? H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée Ò<ë?



LEVEL-11(>∑‘·+˝À ¬s+&ÉT |üqT\T »]–q|ü&ÉT yÓTT<ä≥>± »]–q |üìì bÕdtº |òüsYô|òøº

f…Hé‡˝ÀqT Ä ‘·s¡Tyê‘· »]–q |üìì dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ bÕdtº f…Hé‡˝ÀqT #Ó|üŒe …qT)

1. I had jagged in the morning before he came my home.

n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚XÊqT.

2. Had I jagged in the morning before he came my home?

n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚XÊHê?

3. I hadn’t jagged in the morning before he came my home.

n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ sêø£eTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚j·T Ò<äT.

4. Hadn’t I jagged in the morning before he came my home?

n‘·qT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT C≤–+>¥ #˚j·T Ò<ë?



15

LEVEL-12

1. I shall have advised tomorrow at this time.

πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤qT.

2. Shall I have advised tomorrow at this time?

πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤Hê?

3. I won’t have advised tomorrow at this time.

πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+&ÉqT.

4. Won’t I have advised tomorrow at this time?

πs|ü⁄ á bÕ{ÏøÏ H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+&ÉHê?



LEVEL-131. I have (I’ve) been walking.

H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïqT.

2. Have I been walking?

H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïHê?

3. I have not (haven’t) been walking.

H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉefÒ¢<äT?

4. Haven’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉefÒ¢<ë?



LEVEL-14

1. I had been walking yesterday at this time.

H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïqT.

2. Had I been walking yesterday at this time?

H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïHê?

3. I hadn’t been walking yesterday at this time.

H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

4. Hadn’t I been walking yesterday at this tiime?

H˚qT ìqï ábÕ{ÏøÏ >∑÷&Ü q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<ë?



LEVEL-151. I shall have been walking tomorrow by this time.

H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ ≈£L&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{≤qT.

2. Shall I have been walking tomorrow by this time?H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ ≈£L&Ü q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{≤Hê?

3. I won’t have been walking tomorrow by this time.

H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.

4. Won’t I have been walking tomorrow by this time?

H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñ+{≤Hê?



16

LEVEL-16

PASSIVE VOICE ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT

1. I am (I’m) advised. Hê≈£î á s√E dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

2. Am I advised today. Hê≈£î á s√E dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

3. I am not (aren’t) today advised. Hê≈£î ás√E dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

4. Aren’t I advised today? Hê≈£î ás√E dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?



LEVEL-171. I was advised yesterday. Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

2. Was I advised yesterday? Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

3. I was not (wasn’t) advised yesterday.

Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

4. Wasn’t I addvised yesterday? Hê≈£î ìqï dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?



LEVEL-181. I shall be advised. πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T.

2. Shall I be advised tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê?

3. I won’t be advised tomorrow. πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T.

4. Won’t I be advised tomorrow? πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?



LEVEL-19

1. I am being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.

2. Am I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïsê?

3. I am not being advised today. á s√E Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«fÒ¢<äT.

4. Aren’t I being addvised today? á s√E Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«fÒ¢<ë?



LEVEL-20

1. I was being advised yesterday. ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç].

2. Was I being advised yesterday? ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&çsê?

3. I was not (wasn’t) being advised yesterday.

ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

4. Wasn’t I being advised yesterday?ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<ë?



LEVEL-211. I have been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

2. Have I been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

3. I have not (haven’t) been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

4. Haven’t I been advised? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?



17

LEVEL-22

1. I have been advised yesterday before my friend came.

Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ ìqï Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

2. Had I been advised yesterday before Ramesh came.

ìqï s¡y˚Twt e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

3. I had not (hadn’t) been advised yesterday before she came.

ìqï ÄyÓT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

4. Hadn’t I been advised yesterday before Venkatesh came?

ìqï yÓ+ø£fÒwt e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?



LEVEL-23

1. I shall have been advised tomorrow.

πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T.

2. Shall I have been advised tomorrow?

πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê?

3. I won’t have been advised tomorrow?

πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T.

4. Won’t I have been advised tomorrow?

πs|ü⁄ Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?



LEVEL-24

1. <ëìì #·<äTe⁄. Read it.

2. <ëìì rdüTø√. Take it.

3. <ëìì ‘Ós¡Te⁄. Open it.

4. <ëìì ø=qT. Buy it.

5. <ëìì Çe⁄«. Give it.

6. <äj·T#˚dæ Çø£ÿ&É ≈£Ls√Ã+&ç. Please sit here.

7. <äj·T#˚dæ nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi¯fl+&ç. Please go there.

8. <äj·T#˚dæ Çø£ÿ&É≈£î s¡+&ç. Please come here.

9. <äj·T#˚dæ Ä ø±s¡ Áø£e÷ìï #·÷&É+&ç. Please watch that program.

10. <äj·T#˚dæ á yêø±´ìï #·<äe+&ç. Please read this sentence.

11. H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT. I am here.

12. H˚qT ìqï nø£ÿ&É ñHêïqT. I was there yesterday.

13. H˚qT πs|ü⁄ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤qT. I shall be here tomorrow.

14. H˚qT #·<äTe⁄#·THêïqT. I am reading.

15. H˚qT Ç+ ¢wt q÷´dtù||üs¡T #·<äefÒ¢<äT.

I aren’t reading English newspaper

16. H˚qT e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·THêïHê? Am I talking?

17. MTs¡T #Ó|üŒfÒ¢<ë? Aren’t you saying?

18

18. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤¢qT. I have gone there.

19. ˙e⁄ eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï uÛÀ»q+ #˚XÊyê? Have you had your lunch?

20. n‘·qT Ç|ü&˚ nø£ÿ&É≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT. He has gone there.

21. n‘·qT #ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>± ìÁ<äb˛‘·÷H˚ ñHêï&ÉT.He has been sleeping.

22. u≤\Ts¡T #ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫ ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T.

Boys have been playing cricket.

23. á s√E qqTï |æ*#ês¡T. I am called today.

24. qqTï ìqï |æ*#ês¡T. I was called yesterday.

25. s¡$ì πs|ü⁄ |æ\TkÕÔs¡T. Ravi will be called tomorrow.

26. n‘·ìï ø=&ÉT‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T. He is beeing beaten.

27. ìqTï bı>∑T&ÉT‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T. You are being praised.

28. Hê≈£î &ÉãT“ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T. I am being given money.

29. ìqï n‘·ìï ‹&ÉT‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T.He was being blamed yesterday.

30. qqTï Ç|ü&˚ mqTï≈£îHêïs¡T. I have been selected.

31. n‘·ìøÏ ìqï ‘Ó*j·TCÒXÊs¡T. He was informed yesterday.

32. πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓT≈£î ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔs¡T. She will be informed tomorrow.

33. qqTï á s√E n_Ûq+~+#ês¡T. I am congratulated today.

34. πs|ü⁄ ˙≈£î ÇkÕÔs¡T. You will be given tomorrow.

35. n‘·ìì πs|ü⁄ rdüT≈£î+{≤s¡T. He will be taken tomorrow.

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Sentence for practicePRESENT TENSE

(Active Voice & Passive Voice)

1. I walk. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

2. Do I walk? H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔHê?

3. I don’t walk. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉeqT.

4. Don’t I walk? H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉeHê?

5. He walks. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔ&ÉT.

6. Does he walk? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&ÉTkÕÔ&Ü?

7. He doesn’t walk. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée&ÉT.

8. Doesn’t he walk? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&ÉT) q&Ée&Ü?

9. I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñHêïqT.

10. Am I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïHê?

11. I aren’t walking. H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

12. Aren’t I walking? H˚qT q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?

13. I have (I’ve) walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êqT.

14. Have I walked? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?

15. I haven’t walked. H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#êHê?

16. Haven’t I walked? H˚qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée Ò<ë?

17. He has (He’s) walked. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&ÉT.

18. Has he walked? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&ç#ê&Ü?

19. He hasn’t walked. n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée Ò<äT.

20. Hasn’t he walked? n‘·qT (Ç|ü&˚) q&Ée Ò<ë?

21. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚e⁄HêïqT.

22. Have I been walking?H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ e⁄HêïHê?

23. I haven’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

24. Haven’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?

25. He has been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&ÉT.

26. Has he been walking? n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&ÉTdüTÔHêï&Ü?

27. He hasn’t been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+ Ò<äT.

28. Hasn’t he been walking. n‘·qT (#ê˝≤ùd≥Tï+∫) q&Ée&É+ Ò<ë?

29. I am advised. Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

30. Am I advised? Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

31. I aren’t advised? Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

32. Aren’t I advised? Hê≈£î (ás√Eq) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?


34. Am I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñHêïsê?

35. I am not (aren’t) being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

36. Aren’t I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<ë?

20

37. I have been advised? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

38. Have I been advised? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

39. I haven’t been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

40. Haven’t I been advised? Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?

PAST TENSE`uÛÑ÷‘·ø±\eTT

1. I walked. H˚qT q&ç#êqT.

2. Did I walk? H˚qT q&ç#êHê?


4. Didn’t I walk? H˚qT q&Ée Ò<ë?

5. He walked. n‘·qT q&ç#ê&ÉT.

6. Did he walk? n‘·qT q&ç#ê&Ü?

7. He didn’t walk. n‘·qT q&Ée Ò<äT.

8. Didn’t he walk? n‘·qT q&Ée Ò<ë?

9. I was walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì.

10. Was I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{ÏHê?

11. I wasn’t walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

12. Wasn’t I walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

13. I had walked befor he came.n‘·qT e#˚ÃeTT+<˚ H˚qT q&ç#êqT.

14. Had I walked before he came? n‘·qT e#ÃeTT+< HqT q&ç#êHê?

15. I hadn’t walked before he came. n‘·qT e#ÃeTT+< HqT q&Ée Ò<äT.

16. Hadn’t I walked before he come?n‘·qT e#ÃeTT+< HqT q&Ée Ò<ë?

17. I had been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì.

18. Had I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

19. I hadn’t been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄) q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

20. Hadn’t I been walking? H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü⁄ q&ÉTdü÷Ô) ñ+&É Ò<ë?

21. I was advised. Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

22. Was I advised. Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃ#·sê?

23. I wasn’t advised. Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

24. Wasn’t I advised? Hê≈£î (ìqï) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?

25. I was being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç].

26. Was I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç].

27. I wasn’t being advised. Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<äT.

28. Wasn’t I being advised? Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰ Çdü÷Ô ñ+&É Ò<ë?

29. I had been advised. Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

30. Had I been advised? Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃsê?

31. I hadn’t been advised. Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<äT.

32. Hadn’t I been advised? Hê≈£î (n|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Çe« Ò<ë?

21

FUTURE TENSE

1. I shall walk. H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

2. Shall I walk? H˚qT q&ÉTkÕÔHê?


4. Won’t I walk? H˚qT q&ÉeHê?

5. I will be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.

6. Will I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?

7. I won’t be walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.

8. Won’t I be walking? H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?

9. I shall have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ñ+{≤qT.

10. Shall I have walked? H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&É∫ ñ+{≤Hê?

11. I won’t have walked. H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ñ+&ÉqT.

12. Won’t I have walked? H˚qT (n|üŒ{ÏøÏ) q&ç∫ ñ+&ÉHê?

13. I will have been walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤qT.

14. Will I have been walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+{≤Hê?

15. I won’t have been walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉqT.

16. Won’t I have been walking? H˚qT q&ÉiTdü÷Ô ñ+&ÉHê?

17. I shall be advised. Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔs¡T.

18. Shall I be advised? Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔsê?

19. I won’t be advised? Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ Çe«s¡T.

20. Won’t I be advised? Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄) dü\Vü‰ Çe«sê?

21. I shall have been advised.Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ) dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤s¡T.

22. Shall I have been advised?Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ) dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤sê?

23. I won’t have been advised.Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ) dü\Vü‰ Ç∫Ã ñ+&És¡T.

24. Won’t I have been advised?Hê≈£î (πs|ü⁄ ábÕ{ÏøÏ) dü ≤ Ç∫Ã ñ+&És¡T.

á $<Ûä+>± we, you, they, boys, he she, it, Rama, Sita nqT |ü<ë\‘√

yêø£ eTT\T ì]à+#ê* Á|ü‹ s√E.

(yÓTT‘·Ô+ yêø±´\T 40G32G24R96). 10I96R960 yêø±´\T s√p #ÓbÕŒ*.

22

PRAYER

O Lord,

Please make my body pure.

Make my mind pure.

Remove from me/all evil thoughts.

Fill my heart with

Thoughts of courage,

Thoughts of strength,

Thoughts of self-confidence,

Thoughts of purity

And thoughts of devotion.

I am your divine child.

Please protect me and bless me.

Ç+ ¢wüß˝À Á|ü<Ûëq+>± 7 yêø±´\T ñqï$. n$.

Active Voice - ø£s¡Ô] Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT

1. I walk. H˚qT (Ç|ü&ÉT / s√p) q&ÉTkÕÔqT.

2. I am walking. H˚qT q&ÉTdüTÔHêïqT.


4. I have been walking. H˚qT (#ê˝≤ùd|ü{Ï>±) q&ÉTdü÷ÔH˚ ñHêïqT.

Passive Voice ` ø£s¡àDÏ Á|üjÓ÷>∑eTT

5. I am advised Hê≈£î (ás√E) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.


7. I have been advised. Hê≈£î (Ç|ü&˚) dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃs¡T.

ô|’ yêø±´\≈£î Past tense, Future tense À ñqï yê{Ïì ≈£L&Ü nuÛÑ dæ+#ê*.

˝Àø£+˝À ñqï n+<ä]˙ ¬s+&ÉT Á>∑÷|ü⁄\T>± $uÛÑõ+#·&É+ »]–+~. Á|ü‹ yêø±´ìï

á 2 Á>∑÷|ü⁄˝À¢ e⁄qï e´≈£îÔ\+<ä]#˚‘· |ü*øÏùdÔ Ç+ ¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT u≤>±

edüTÔ+~. á 2 Á>∑÷|ü⁄ düuÛÑT´\T) :

A Group: I H˚qT, we`y˚TeTT, you`MTs¡T/˙e⁄, they`yêfi¯ófl/(n$), (the

students, the books, the problems, my parents, your friends,

etc), boys`u≤\Ts¡T.

B Group: He`n‘·qT, she`ÄyÓT, it`n~/Ç~ (chain, dog, India, the

Rajadhani Express, the TDP, December, cricket, house, gold,

etc.) Rama, Sita

23

Ç+ ¢wüß˝À u≤>± e÷{≤¢&Ü\+fÒ....

1. ‘√{Ïyê]‘√ kÕ<Ûä yÓTÆq+‘· es¡≈£î Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&Ü*.

2. ãdüT‡˝À¢, ¬s’fi¯fl˝À¢ Á|üj·÷DÏ+#˚≥|ü&ÉT düVü≤ Á|üj·÷D°≈£î\T e÷{≤¢&ÉT≈£îH˚

e÷≥\qT eTqdüT‡˝ÀH˚ M˝…’qìï yêø±´\qT Ç+^¢wüß˝ÀøÏ ‘·s¡T®e÷

#˚j·T&ÜìøÏ Á|üj·T‹ï+#ê*.

3. ‘Ó\T>∑T dæìe÷qT dæìe÷ Vü‰\T˝À Ò<ë {Ï$˝À #·÷düTÔqï|ü&ÉT nø£ÿ&É

e#˚Ã &Ó’ ≤>∑T\qT Ç+ ¢wüß˝ÀøÏ eTqdüT‡˝ÀH˚ e÷sêÃ*.

4. düuÛÑ\T, düe÷yXÊ\T, MT{Ï+>∑T\T eT]j·TT >∑T+|ü⁄\T>± #] »Hê\T e÷{≤¢&

dü+<äsê“¤\˝À }]øÏH˚ ≈£Ls√Ãø£ kÕ<Ûä yÓTÆqìï ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ e÷≥\qT

Ç+ ¢wt ÀìøÏ e÷s¡Ã+&ç.

5. Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ dü+<äsê“¤\˝À e#˚Ã dü+<˚Vü‰\qT ˇø£ ù||üsY MT<ä

ÁyêdüTø=ì me¬s’Hê Ç+ ¢wt {°#·s¡TqT Ò<ë Ç+ ¢wt u≤>± e∫Ãq ùdïVæ≤‘·Tì

n&ç¬>’Hê dü+<˚Vü‰\qT ìeè‹Ô #˚düTø√yê*.

6. #·+<äe÷eT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\qT (Ç+ ¢wüß ‘Ó\T>∑T) ø=ì yÓTT<ä≥>± ‘Ó\T>∑T

#·+<äe÷eT˝À ˇø£ ø£<∏ä #·~$ Ä ‘·s¡Tyê‘· Ç+ ¢wt #·+<äe÷eT˝À Ä

ø£<∏äqT #·<äyê*. Ç˝≤ s√p ˇø£ ø£<∏äqT #·<äe&É+ <ë«sê Ç+ ¢wt Á>±eTsY

edüTÔ+~.

7. k˛Œ¬øHé Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃ≈£îH˚≥|ü&ÉT ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ+˝ÀH˚ Á>±eTsY |ü⁄düÔø±\T

#·<äee<äT›. Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&˚≥|ü&ÉT Á>±eTsY s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ >∑Ts¡TÔ ‘Ó#·TÃø√e<äT›.

s¡ø£s¡ø±\ Ä+>∑¢ yêø±´\qT ‘Ó\T>∑T nsêú\‘√ düVü‰ e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT

nuÛÑ´dæ+#·+&ç. MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&˚ düeTj·T+˝À Á>±eTsY s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ ‘Ó#·TÃø=ì

e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·Tqï+‘· es¡≈£î MT≈£î Ç+ ¢wüß˝À e÷{≤¢&É&É+sê<äT. >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√+&ç.

8. Ç+ ¢wt yêø±´\qT $q&É+ MT<ä <äèwæºì πø+ÁBø£]+#·+&ç.

9. Ç+{À¢ ñqï 3e ‘·s¡>∑‹>±˙ Äô|’ ‘·s¡>∑‹ #·~y˚ MT |æ\¢\‘√ eT]j·TT Á|üø£

Ç+{Ïyê] |æ\¢\‘√ Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&É&É+ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#·+&ç.

10. Á|ü‹ s√p &Óø£ÿHé Áø±ìø£ Ÿ ù||üsY #·<äe+&ç. Á|ü‹ s√p <ëì˝Àì MT≈£î

‘Ó*j·Tì 10 Ç+ ¢wt |ü<ë\qT ÁyêdüTø=ì &çø£åqØ <ë«sê yê{Ï nsêú\T

‘Ó\TdüTø√+&ç. y=ø±ãT\Ø ô|s¡T>∑T‘·T+~.

11. Ç+ ¢wt À Áyêùd≥|ü&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#·&ÜìøÏ ‘·–q düeTj·T+ ñ+≥T+~. ø±˙

Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&˚≥|ü&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#˚ e´e~Û ñ+&É<äT. yÓ+≥yÓ+≥H˚

e÷{≤¢&Ü*. $$<Ûä s¡ø±\ Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT u≤>± e÷{≤¢&É&ÉeTT,

nuÛÑ dæ+#·&É+ #˚‘·H˚ eTq+ yÓ+≥H˚ e÷{≤¢&É>∑\eTT.

12. H√s¡T ‘Ós¡∫ ‘·b˛Œ, ˇb˛Œ @<√ ˇø£{Ï Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+&Ü*. H√s¡T

‘Ós¡∫ e÷{≤¢&É≈£î+&Ü ñ+&çq+‘·es¡≈£î MT≈£î m+‘· Á>±eTsY e∫ÃHê, Ç+ ¢wt

&çø£åqØ n+‘ê ø£+sƒ¡düúyÓTÆHê ˇø£ÿ yêø£ + ≈£L&Ü Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&É Òs¡T.

ø±˙ MT m<äT≥ ñqï yês¡T e÷{≤¢& Á|ü‹ e÷{≤ MT≈£î #·ø£ÿ>± ns¡úeTÚ‘·T+~.

ø±˙ MTs¡T e÷Á‘·+ ‹]– Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&É Òs¡T. πøe\+ e÷{≤¢& nuÛ≤´dü+

#˚j·Tø£b˛e&É+ e\¢H˚. ø±ã{Ïº H√s¡T $bÕŒ*‡+<˚.

13. ø=+‘·eT+~øÏ ùdºCŸ |òæj·TsY ñ+≥T+~. Çø£ÿ&É ø£ÿ $wüj·T+ >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√+&ç.

eTq≈£î ‘Ó*dæq+‘· À Ç+ ¢wt À e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+fÒ n+<äs¡÷ yÓT#·TÃ≈£î+{≤s¡T.

eTq >∑T]+∫ >=|üŒ>± }Væ≤+#·Tø=+{≤s¡T. ‘·|ü\T <=]¢Hê mes¡÷

|ü{Ïº+#·Tø√s¡T. eTq+ #Óù|Œ yT≥sY MT< m<äT{Ïyê] <äèwæº n+‘ê ñ+≥T+~.

‘·|ü>± e÷{≤¢&çHê m>∑‘ê[ #˚j·T&É+, qe«&É+, ø±yÓT{Ÿ #˚j·T&É+ mes¡÷

#˚j·Ts¡T. ô|’>± eTqMT<ä n_Ûe÷q+ ñqïyês¡T eTq+ e÷{≤¢&çq ‘·s¡Tyê‘·

eTq+ #˚dæq ‘·|ü\qT mes¡÷˝Òì düeTj·T+˝À ‘Ó*j·TCÒdæ eTq*ï

Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤kÕÔs¡T.

14. ôVA©ô|òsTT‘Y yê]$ 3e ‘·s¡>∑‹ qT+&ç 7e ‘·s¡>∑‹ es¡≈£î >∑\ Ç+ ¢wt

bÕsƒ¡ |ü⁄düÔø±\qT ø=ì #·~$‘˚ #·ø£ÿ>± Ç+ ¢wt Á>±eTsY edüTÔ+~.

24

1. Simple Present Tense: Ç|ü&ÉT/ m\¢|ü&ÉT »]π> $wüj·÷\T.

2. Simple Future Tense: uÛÑ$wü ‘·TÔ À »s¡>∑uÀj˚T $wüj·÷\T.

3. Simple Past Tense: >∑‘·+˝À »]–q $wüj·÷\T.

4. Present Perfect Tense: Ç|ü&˚ »]–q $wüj·÷\T.

5. Present Continuous Tense: Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ »s¡>∑T#·÷ ñqï $wüj·÷\T.

6. Past Continous Tense: >∑‘·+˝À »s¡T>∑#·÷ ñ+&çq $wüj·÷\T.

7. Future Continuous Tense:

uÛÑ$wü ‘·TÔ À »s¡>∑uÀe⁄#·÷ ñ+uÀj˚T $wüj·÷\T.

have Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ ø£*–e⁄HêïqT (Present)

Have will have uÛÑ$wü ‘·TÔ À ø£*– ñ+{≤qT (Future)

had >∑‘·+˝À ø£*– ñ+{Ïì (Past)

as/I/are Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ e⁄HêïqT (Present)

Are will be uÛÑ$wü ‘·TÔ À ñ+{≤qT (Future)

was/were >∑‘·+˝À ø£*– ñ+{Ïì (Past)

can - #˚j·T>∑\, could-#˚j·Tø£*–q, should/must`‘·|üŒø£ #˚j·Te\dæq

going to/about to ` #˚j·TuÀe⁄#·Tqï

have to ` #˚j·÷* had to ` #˚j·÷*‡ e∫Ã+~

I had to attend that party last night. >∑‘· sêÁ‹ ÄbÕØºøÏ Vü‰»s¡T ø±e\dæ

e∫Ã+~.

I am happy - H˚qT Äq+<ä+>± ñHêïqT

Be T

able

Pres

ent -

Á|üdüTÔ‘

·+ (H˚qT ñHêïqT)

Fu

ture

- uÛÑ$wü‘

YÀ (H

˚qT ñ+{≤q

T)

Pas

t - >

∑‘·+˝À (H

˚qT ñ+{Ïì)

Ye

s

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

I am

I are

n’t (

Ä+{Ÿ)

I will

(I’ll

)be

I won

’t be

I was

I was

n’t

(I’m

◊yéT)

We a

reW

e are

n’t (

Ä+{Ÿ)

We w

ill be

We w

on’t

beW

e wer

eW

e wer

en’t

(We’

re $

j·Ts

Y)

You

are

You

aren

’t (Ä

+{Ÿ)

You w

ill be

You

won

’t be

You

wer

eYo

u wer

en’t

(You

’re j

Ó÷sY)

They

are

They

aren

’t (Ä

+{Ÿ)

They

will

beTh

ey w

on’t

beTh

ey w

ere

They

wer

en’t

(The

y’re

<sY)

He i

sH

e isn

’t (á

CŸ+{Ÿ)

He w

ill be

He w

on’t

beH

e was

He w

asn’

t(H

e’s V

”≤CŸ )

She i

sSh

e isn

’t (á

CŸ+{Ÿ)

She w

ill be

She w

on’t

beSh

e was

She w

asn’

t(S

he’s

w”CŸ)

It is

It isn

’t (á

CŸ+{Ÿ)

It w

ill be

It w

on’t

beIt

was

It w

asn’

t(I

t’s Ç

{Ÿ‡)

25

‘wh’-question words

what - @$T{Ï why - m+<äT≈£î

when - m|ü&ÉT where - mø£ÿ&É

which - @~ whose - me]jÓTTø£ÿ

who - mes¡T whom - me]ì

How question words

how - m˝≤

how far - m+‘· <ä÷s¡+, m+‘· es¡≈£î

how often - mìïkÕs¡T¢, m+‘· ‘·s¡#·T>±

how much - m+‘·

how many - mìï

how long - m+‘·ùd|ü⁄, m+‘·<ä÷s¡+ es¡≈£î

how long ago - m+‘· ø±\+ ÁøÏ‘·+

how soon - m+‘· ‘=+<äs¡>±

how fast - m+‘· y˚>∑+>±

how early ` m+‘· ‘=+<äs¡>±, m+‘· eTT+<äT>±

Tabl

e of

Per

sona

l Pro

noun

sS.

No.

Sub

ject

O

bjec

t

$

X‚wüDeTT

ø£*–ñ+&ÉT

H=ø

Ïÿ#Ó|ü≥

1.I `

H˚qT

Me `

qqTï, Hê≈

£î, H

ê‘√

my

- Hê, H

êjÓTTø£ÿ

min

e - H

ê~, Hê$

mys

elf`

HH

2.W

e ` y

˚TeTT,

Us

eTe

TTà\

qT,

our -

e÷, e÷j

ÓTTø£ÿ

ours

- e÷~, e÷$

ours

elve

s`yTy

T

eTq

eTT

e÷≈£î, e

÷‘√

3.Yo

u ` ˙

e⁄

You

ìqTï, ˙≈£î, ˙

‘√

your

- ˙, ˙j

ÓTTø£ÿ

your

s - ˙

~, ˙$

your

self`

˙y

4.Yo

u ` M

Ts¡T

You

$Te

TTà\

qT,

your

- MT, M

TjÓTTø£ÿ

your

s - M

T~, MT$

your

selv

es`MTπs

MT≈

£î, MT‘

√

5.Th

ey y

êfiófl,

Them

yê]

ì, yê]

øÏ,

thei

r-yê]

, yê]

jÓTTø£ÿ

thei

rs-y

ê]~, yê]

$,

them

selv

es`yêπs

n$

yê]

‘√, y

ê{Ïì, yê{

ÏøÏ, yê{

Ï‘√

yê{

Ï, yê{

ÏjÓTTø£ÿ

yê{

Ï$

6.H

e ` n

‘·qT,

Him

n‘·ìì,

his-n‘·ì, n‘·ìj

ÓTTø£ÿ

his -

n‘·ì~, n‘·ì$

him

self`

n‘·&

Ç

‘·&ÉT

n‘·ìøÏ, n‘·ì‘√

7.Sh

e ` Ä

yÓT,

Her

ÄyÓTq

T,he

r - Ä

yÓT, Ä

yÓTj

ÓTTø£ÿ

hers

- ÄyÓT~

, ÄyÓT$

hers

elf`

ÄyT,

áyÓT

ÄyÓT≈

£î, Ä

yÓT‘

√ÄyÓTj

YT

8.It

` n

~, Ç~

It `

<ëì

ì, <ëì

øÏ, <ëì

‘√,

its -

<ëì

, <ëì

jÓTTø£ÿ

its -

<ëì

~, <ëì

$,

itsel

f-n<, Ç<

Bìì, BìøÏ, Bì‘√

Bì, Bìj

ÓTTø£ÿ

Bì~, Bì$

26

$X‚wüDeTT\‘√ yêø£ eTT\T

1. He is brave/courageous. n‘·qT <ÛÓ’s¡ eTT>∑\yê&ÉT.

2. She is beautiful. ÄyÓT n+<äyÓTÆq~.

3. It is big. n~ ô|<ä›~.

4. He is benefited. n‘·qT ˝≤uÛÑeTT bı+<ë&ÉT.

5. It is cheap. n~ #Í¬ø’q~.

6. It is costly. n~ KØ<Ó’q~.

7. He is clever. n‘·qT ‘Ó*yÓ’qyê&ÉT.

8. It is cold. n~ #·\¢HÓ’q~.

9. It is curved. n~ e+ø£s¡>± qTqï~.

10. She is careful. ÄyÓT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± ñqï~.

11. He is cheerful. n‘·qT ñ˝≤¢dü+>± ñHêï&ÉT.

12. It is changeable. n~ e÷s¡TŒ #Ó+<ä>∑\<äT.

13. It’s clear. n~ düŒwüºeTT>± ñqï~.

14. It is difficult. n~ ø£]ƒqyÓTÆq~.

15. He is dangerous. n‘·qT nbÕj·Tø£s¡yÓTÆqyê&ÉT.

16. It is dirty. n~ eTT]øÏ>± ñqï~.

17. It is easy. n~ düT\TyÓ’q~

18. It is eatable. n~ ‹q<ä–q~.

19. He is foolish. n‘·&ÉT ‘Ó*$‘·≈£îÿeyê&ÉT.

20. It is fine. n~ u≤>∑Tqï~.

21. You are faithful. ˙e⁄ $XÊ«düeTT >∑\yê&ç$.

22. He is famous. n‘·qT ù|s¡T Á|üU≤´‘·T\T >∑\yê&ÉT.

23. It’s far. n~ <ä÷s¡eTT>±qTqï~.

24. It’s good. n~ eT+∫~.

25. It’s great. n~ >=|üŒ~.

26. He is gifted. n‘·qT Á|ü»„ >∑\yê&ÉT.

27. It is heavy. n~ ãs¡Te⁄>± ñqï~.

28. It’s hot. n~ y˚&ç>± ñqï~.

29. It’s hard. n~ ø£wüºeTT>± ñqï~.

30. She is happy. ÄyÓT dü+‘√wü+>± ñqï~.

31. He is junior. n‘·qT ∫qïyê&ÉT.

32. He is luckless. n‘·qT n<äèwüº+ Òì yê&ÉT.

33. He is lucky. n‘·qT n<äèwüºeTT>∑\yê&ÉT.

34. It’s long. n~ bı&ÉyÓ’q~.

35. It’s little. n~ ‘·≈£îÿe.

36. It’s light. n~ ‘˚*¬ø’q~.

37. It’s lower. n~ ÁøÏ+<ä ñqï~.

27

38. It’s lengthy. n~ bı&ÉyÓ’q~.

39. It’s loaded. n~ ãs¡Te⁄ y˚j·Tã&çq~.

40. It’s large. n~ ô|<ä›~.

41. You are late. MTs¡T Ä\dü eTT #˚XÊs¡T.

42. It’s much. n~ m≈£îÿe.

43. It’s new. n~ Áø=‘·Ô~

44. It’s noble. n~ >=|üŒ~.

45. It’s near. n~ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñqï~.

46. It’s old. n~ bÕ‘·~.

47. It’s pale. n~ bÕ*b˛sTTq~.

48. It’s proper. n~ dü¬s’q~.

49 It’s round. n~ >∑T+Á&ÉeTT>± ñqï~.

50. It’s strong. n~ ã\yÓTÆq~.

51. It’s small. n~ ∫qï~.

52. He is sad. n‘·qT $#ês¡eTT>± ñHêï&ÉT.

53. He is bad. n‘·qT #Ó&É¶yê&ÉT.

54. It’s straight. n~ ‹qï>± qTqï~.

55. It’s superior. n~ ÁX‚wüºyÓTÆq~.

56. He is senior. n‘·qT ô|<ä›yê&ÉT.

57. He is talkative. n‘·qT e÷{≤¢&ÉT dü«uÛ≤e+ >∑\yê&ÉT.

58. It’s thick. n~ eT+<äeTT>± ñqï~.

59. It’s thin. n~ |ü\T#·>± ñqï~.

60. It’s tall. n~ bı&ÉyÓ’q~.

61. He is timid. n‘·qT |æ]øÏyê&ÉT.

62. It’s ugly. n~ $ø±s¡yÓTÆq~.

63. He is vijtuous. n‘·qT ˙‹>∑\yê&ÉT.

64. He is vicious. n‘·qT #Ó&ÉTãT~∆ >∑\yê&ÉT.

65. He is vainglorious. n‘·qT n‹ >∑]«wüßº&ÉT.

66. Time is valuable. düeTj·TeTT $\TyÓ’q~.

67. It’s wide. n~ yÓ&É\TŒ>± ñqï~.

68. You are weak. ˙e⁄ ã\V”≤qeTT>± ñHêïe⁄.

69. He is quick. n‘·qT ‘=+<äs¡>± ñHêï&ÉT.

70. It’s worthy. n~ jÓ÷>∑ ‘· >∑\~.

71. It’s well. n~ u≤>∑T>± ñqï~/n~ eT+∫>± e⁄qï~.

72. He is young. n‘·qT ∫qïyê&ÉT.

28

PRACTICE

PRESENT TENSE

1. He speaks English.

2. Does he speak English?

3. He doesn’t speak English.

4. Doesn’t he speak English.

5. I am selling the fruits.

6. Am I selling the fruits.

7. He isn’t selling the fruits.

8. Isn’t he selling the fruits?

9. He has written a letter.

10. Has he written a letter?

11. He hasn’t written a letter.

12. Hasn’t he written a letter?

13. Rama has been living there for two years.

14. Has Rama been living there for two years.

15. Rama hasn’t been living there for two years.

16. Hasn’t Rama been living there for two years.

PAST TENSE

17. He killed the dog.

18. Did he kill the dog?

19. He did not (didn’t) kill the dog.

20. Didn’t he kill the dog?

21. He was hearing the song.

22. Was he hearing the song?

23. He wasn’t hearing the song.

24. Wasn’t he hearing the song?

25. He had finished the work.

26. Had he finished the work?

27. He hadn’t finished the work.

28. Hadn’t he finished the work?

29. He had been living there for two years.

30. Had he been living there for two years?

31. He hadn’t been living there for two years.

32. Hadn’t he been living there for two years.

29

FUTURE TENSE

33. He will read the novel.

34. Will he read the novel?

35. He won’t read the novel.

36. Won’t he read the novel?

37. He will be beating a rogue.

38. Will he be beating a rogue?

39. He won’t be beating a rogue.

40. Won’t he be beating a rogue?

41. He will have taught the students.

42. Will he have taught the students?

43. He won’t have taught the students.

44. Won’t he have taught the students?

45. He will have been living there for two years.

46. Will he have been living there for two years.

47. He won’t have been living there for two years.

48. Won’t he have been living there for two years.

PASSIVE VOICE SENTENCES:Verbs & Passive Voice ≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê\+fÒ nìï verbs Passive

Voice yêø±´\≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷>∑|ü&Ée⁄. ø=ìï e÷Á‘·y˚T |üìøÏekÕÔsTT. #ê˝≤

dü+<äsê“¤\˝À ªqqTïµ Ò<ë ªHê≈£îµ nì eTq+ #Ó|üŒuÀj˚T verb≈£î CÀ&çùdÔ, e#˚Ã

yêø£ eTT yê´ø£s¡Dã<ä∆+>± ñ+fÒ n≥Te+{Ïyê{Ïì e÷Á‘·y˚T Passive Voice

yêø£ ìsêàDeTTq≈£î yê&Ü*.

ñ<ëVü≤s¡D≈£î: I cook H˚qT (s√p) e+&ÉT‘êqT nì ns¡úeTT. á yêø£ eTTH˚

Passive voice yêø£´eTT>± e÷sêÃ\qT≈£î+fÒ I am cooked nì

e÷s¡Ãe\dæ e⁄+≥T+~.

I advise. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT nì #Ó|æŒq|ü&ÉT I am advised Hê≈£î dü\Vü‰

Ç#êÃs¡T. advised nH˚ |ü<äeTTqT passive voice >± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃqT.

ø±ã{Ïº qqTï Hê≈£î nì verbs qT |üjÓ÷–+∫ eTq+ eTT+<äT>± ø=ìï+{Ïì

H˚s¡TÃø=ì ñ+&Ü*.

n$:

1. Advise ` dü\Vü‰ì#·TÃ

2. Beat ` ø=≥Tº

3. Call ` |æ\T#·T

4. Doubt ` dü+<˚Væ≤+#·T

5. Encourage ` Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#·T

6. Give ` Ç#·TÃ

7. Great ` n_Ûq+~+#·T

8. Invite ` ÄVü‰«ì+#·T

30

9. Intimate ` nqTø£]+#·T

10. Intimate ` ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT

11. Kick ` ‘·qTï

12. Kill ` #·+|ü⁄

13. Like ` Çwüº|ü&ÉT

14. Love ` Áù|$T+#·T

15. Marry ` ô|[fl#˚düTø=qT

16. Promised ` yê>±∆qeTT#˚j·TT

17. Pay ` #Ó*¢+#·T

18. Push ` ¬>+≥T

19. Respect ` >ös¡$+#·T

20. Take ` rdüTø=qT

21. Say ` #Ó|ü

22. Teach ` uÀ~Û+#·T

23. Tell ` #Ó|ü

24. train ` •ø£åD Ç#·TÃ

25. Warn ` ôV≤#·Ã]+#·T

á ÁøÏj·T\ jÓTTø£ÿ 3e (V3) s¡÷|üeTTq+<äTqï Past Past Participle

edüTÔ+~.

Helping Verbs düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T\T : They help the main verb, sothey are called helping verbs. M{ÏøÏ eT]ø=ìï ù|s¡T¢ ñqï$. n$

Auxiliary verbs, peculiars, special verbs, weak verbs,Anomalous verbs.

1. Be forms: Is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being.2. Do forms: do, does, did3. Have forms: have, has had4. Models: will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might,

must, need, dare, ought to, used to nì heping verbs4 s¡ø±\T>± ñqï$.

Main verbs ì chief verbs. Principle verbs, strong verbs,ordinary verbs nì n+{≤s¡T

asbecause Before the cause or reason.for ø±s¡D+ eTT+<äs¡

since

sohencetherefore Before the effect or requestconsequently |òü*‘·+ eTT+<äs¡

as a resultthat is why

As long as... n+‘·es¡≈£î, n+‘·y˚Ts¡≈£î, n+‘· ùd|ü{Ï es¡≈£î nì ns¡ú+qT

Ç#·TÃqT. ¬s+&ÉT yêø£ eTT\qT @ø£+ #˚j·TT≥ ø=s¡≈£î condition Òø£ wüs¡‘·T>∑\

yêø£ eTT eTT+<äs¡ as long as qT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e …qT.

31

otherwiseorelse = if + not nì ns¡ú+

unlesslast+shouldor else

thoughalthough before the position and statuseven though kÕúsTT eT]j·TT Ä]úø£, kÕ+|òæTø£, yê‘êes¡D

inspite of + ing |ü]dæú‘·T\eTT+<äT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e …qT.

either - or WqT, ñqï~ nì positive sense ˝À ñ+&ÉTqT.

neither - nor ø±<äT, Ò<äT nì negative sense ˝À ñ+&ÉTqT.

after eTT+<äT>± |üPs¡ÔsTTq |üì eTT+<äT Òø£ eTT–dæq |üì eTT+<äs¡

ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*.

ex: We reached the hall often the film had started.before - yÓqTø£ Òø£ Òf…Æq $wüj·T+ eTT+<äT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*.

ex: He had finished his work before he went out.

Hav

e Tab

le

P

rese

nt Á|

üdüTÔ‘

·+ (ø

£*– ñ

HêïqT)

F

utur

e u

ÛÑ$wü‘

·TÔÀ (ø

£*– ñ

+{≤q

T)Pa

st

>∑‘·+˝À (ø

£*– ñ

+{Ïì)

Y

es

No

Yes

N

o

Ye

s

No

I hav

e (I’

ve ◊

yé)

I don

’t ha

veI w

ill h

ave (

i’ll ◊

˝Ÿ)

I won

’t ha

veI h

ad (I

’d ◊

&é)

I did

n’t h

ave

We h

ave (

we’v

e Myé)

We d

on’t

have

We

will

(W’ll

M˝Ÿ)

We w

on’t

have

We h

ad (w

e’d

M&é)

We d

on’t

have

You h

ave (

You’

ve)

Yoou

don’

t hav

eYo

u will

have

You w

on’t

have

You h

ad (y

ou’d

j·T÷

&é)

You d

idn’

t hav

e(y

ou’ll

j·÷˝Ÿ)

They

have

They

don’

t hav

eTh

ey w

ill ha

veTh

ey w

on’t

have

They

had

(The

y’d

<˚&é)

They

didn

’t ha

ve(T

hey’

ve <

˚yé)

(The

y’ll

<˚˝Ÿ)

Boys

hav

eBo

ys d

on’t

have

Boys

will

hav

eBo

ys w

on’t

have

Boys

had

Boys

did

n’t h

ave

He h

as (H

e’s V

”≤dt)

He do

esn’

t hav

eHe

will

have

He w

on’t

have

He h

ad (H

e’d

V”≤&

é)He

didn

’t ha

ve(H

e’ll

V”≤˝

Ÿ)Sh

e ha

s (Sh

e’s w

”CŸ)

She d

oesn

’t ha

veSh

e will

have

She w

on’t

have

She h

ad (S

he’d

w”&é)

She d

idn’

t hav

e(S

he’ll

w”˝Ÿ)

It ha

s (It’

s Ç{Ÿ‡)

It do

esn’

t hav

eIt

will

have

It wo

n’t h

ave

It ha

d (It

’d ◊

{Ï&é)

It di

dn’t

have

(It’ll

◊{Ï˝Ÿ)

Ram

a has

Ram

a doe

sn’t

have

Ram

a will

hav

eRa

ma w

on’t

have

Ram

a had

Ram

a did

n’t h

ave

Sita

has

Sita

does

n’t h

ave

Sita

will

have

Sita

won’

t hav

eSi

ta ha

dSi

ta di

dn’t

have

32

EXERCISESSimple Presentense:1. I, we / you / they / boys - advise.

H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔqT. (s√p)

2. Do - I / we / you / they / boys - advise?H˚qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔHê?

3. I / we / you / they / boys - don’t advise.H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«qT.

4. Don’t - I / we / you / they / boys - advise?H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«Hê?

5. He / she / it / Rama / Sita - advises.n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔ&ÉT.

6. Does - he / she / it / Rama / Sita - advise.n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ ÇkÕÔ&Ü?

7. He / she / It / Rama / Sita - doesn’t advise.n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«&ÉT.

8. Doesn’t - He / she / it / Rama / Sita - advise?n‘·qT dü\Vü‰ Çe«&Ü?

Present Continous Tense1. I ..................... am {Walking}

We / you / they / boys - are2. Am ................I {Walking}?

Are - we / you / they / boys3. I - am not (aren’t @+{Ÿ) {Walking}?

we / you / they / boys - are not (aren’t Ä+{Ÿ)

4. Aren’t (@+{Ÿ) - I ? {Walking}?Aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) - we / you / they / boys

5. He / she / it / Rama / Sita ......walking?6. Is - he / she / it / Rama / Sita ......Walking?7. He / she / it / Rama /Sita ---is not (isn’t á»+{Ÿ) walking.8. Isn’t...........he / she / it / Rama / Sita.........Walking.

Present Perfect Tense1. I/we/you/they/boys - have walked.2. Have - I/we/you/they/boys - walked?3. I / we/ you/they/boys - haven’t walked.4. Haven’t - I/we/you/they/boys - walked?5. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - has walked.6. Has - he/she/it/Rama/Sita - walked.7. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - hasn’t walked.8. Hasn’t - he/she/it/Rama/sita - walked.

Present Perfect Continuous tense1. I/we/you/they/boys - have been walking2. Have - I/we/you/they/boys - been walking?3. I/we/you/they/boys - haven’t been walking.4. Haven’t - I/we/you/they/boys - been walking?5. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - has been walking.6. Has - he/she/it/Rama/Sita - been walking?7. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - has not been walking.8. Hasn’t- he/she/it/Rama/Sita - been walking?

33

PASSIVE VOICESimple Present Tense1. I...........am {told}

We/you/they/boys - are2. Am - I

Are - we/you/they/boys {told}3. I - am not (aren’t @+{Ÿ)

We/you/they/boys - aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) {told}4. Aren’t (@+{Ÿ) - I

Aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) - we/you/they/boys {told}5. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - is told.6. Is - he/she/it/Rama/Sita - told?7. He/she/it/Rama/sita - isn’t (á»+{Ÿ) told.8. Isn’t - he/she/it/Rama/sita - told?

Present Continuous Tense1. I - am

we/you/they/boys - are {being told}2. Am - I

Are - we/you/they/boys {being told?}3. I - am not (aren’t @+{Ÿ)

we/you/they/boys - aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) {being told}4. Aren’t (@+{Ÿ) - I

Aren’t (Ä+{Ÿ) - we/you/they/boys {being told?}5. He/she/it/Rama/Sita -- is being told.

6. Is - he/she/it/Rama/sita - being told?7. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - isn’t being told.8. Isn’t - he/she/it/Rama/Sita - being told?

Present Perfect Tense1. I/we/you/they/boys------have been told.2. Have - I/we/you/they/boys ------been told.3. I/we/you/they/boys ------haven’t been told.4. Haven’t - I/we/you/they/boys ------been told?5. He/she/It/Rama/Sita ------has been told.6. Has - he/she/it/Rama/sita - been told?7. He/she/it/Rama/Sita - hasn’t been told.8. Hasn’t -- he/she/it/Rama/Sita ------ been told?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

1. I added. H˚qT ø£*bÕqT.

2. I advised. H˚qT dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃqT.

3. I agreed. H˚qT n+^ø£]+#êqT.

4. I accepted. H˚qT düeTà‹+#êqT.

5. I absented. H˚qT Vü‰»s¡Tø± Ò<äT.

6. I attended. H˚qT Vü‰»s¡j·÷´qT.

7. I bathed. H˚qT kÕïqeTT #˚XÊqT.

8. I buried. H˚qT bÕ‹ô|{≤ºqT.

9. I brought. H˚qT rdüTø=#êÃqT.

34

10. I beat. H˚qT ø={≤ºqT.

11. We bit. y˚TeTT ø=]ø±eTT.

12. We believed. y˚TeTT qe÷àeTT.

13. We came. y˚TeTT e#êÃeTT.

14. We called. y˚TeTT |æ*#êeTT.

15. We crushed. y˚TeTT q\>∑>={≤ºeTT.

16. We cursred. y˚TeTT X¯|æ+#êeTT.

17. We congratulated. y˚TeTT n_Ûq+~+#êeTT.

18. We drank. y˚TeTT Á‘ê>±eTT.

19. We dug. y˚TeTT Á‘·yê«eTT.

20. We did. y˚TeTT #˚XÊeTT.

21. You dreamt. MTs¡T ø£\>∑Hêïs¡T.

22. You doubted. MTs¡T dü+<˚Væ≤+#ês¡T.

23. You ate. MTs¡T ‹Hêïs¡T.

24. You encouraged. MTs¡T Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ês¡T.

25. You fought (bòÕ{Ÿ). MTs¡T bı{≤¢&Üs¡T.

27. You filled. MTs¡T ì+bÕs¡T.

28. You forgot. MTs¡T eT]∫b˛j·÷s¡T.

29. You feared. MTs¡T uÛÑj·T|ü&Ü¶s¡T.

30. You went. MTs¡T yÓfi≤fls¡T.

31. They enjoyed. yês¡T Äq+~+#ês¡T.

32. They gave. yês¡T Ç#êÃs¡T.

33. They guessed. yês¡T }Væ≤+#ês¡T.

34. They gained. yês¡T ˝≤uÛÑeTT bı+<ës¡T.

35. They greeted. yês¡T n_Ûq+~+#ês¡T.

36. They hanged. yês¡T Áy˚ ≤&Üs¡T.

37. They held. yês¡T |ü≥Tºø=Hêïs¡T.

38. They invited. yês¡T ÄVü‰«ì+#ês¡T.

39. They irritated. yês¡T ø√|ü+ ‘Ó|æŒ+#ês¡T.

40. They imitated. yês¡T nqTø£]+#ês¡T.

41. Boys intimated. u≤\Ts¡T ‘Ó*bÕs¡T.

42. Boys jumped. u≤\Ts¡T <ä÷ø±s¡T.

43. Boys knew. u≤\Ts¡T ‘Ó*bÕs¡T.

44. Boys kicked. u≤\Ts¡T ‘·Hêïs¡T.

45. Boys killed. u≤\Ts¡T #·+bÕs¡T.

46. Boys looked. u≤\Ts¡T #·÷XÊs¡T.

47. Boys left. u≤\Ts¡T e~*ô|{≤ºs¡T.

48. Boys led. u≤\Ts¡T <ë]#·÷bÕs¡T.

49. Boys liked. u≤\Ts¡T Çwüº|ü&Ü¶s¡T.

50. Boys laughed. u≤\Ts¡T qyê«s¡T.

51. He lived. n‘·qT ìedæ+#ÓqT.

52. He loved. n‘·qT Áù|$T+#ÓqT.

53. He married. n‘·qT ô|[fl#˚düTø=HÓqT.

54. He promised. n‘·qT yê>±›q+ #˚XÊ&ÉT.

55. He paid. n‘·qT #Ó*¢+#ê&ÉT.

56. He proved. n‘·qT ìs¡÷|æ+#ê&ÉT.

35

57. He pained. n‘·qT u≤<Ûä|ü&Ü¶&ÉT.

58. He prepared. n‘·qT ‘·j·÷s¡T#˚ôdqT.

59. He pushed. n‘·qT ¬>+{≤&ÉT.

60. He preserved. n‘·qT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô #˚ôdqT.

61. She read (¬s&é). ÄyÓT #·~yÓqT.

62. She ran. ÄyÓT |üs¡T¬>‘ÓÔqT.

63. She respected. ÄyÓT >ös¡$+#ÓqT.

64. She rent. ÄyÓT N*Ã+~.

65. She sat. ÄyÓT ≈£Ls¡TÃ+~.

66. She stood. ÄyÓT ì\ã&ç+~.

67. she spoke. ÄyÓT e÷{≤¢&ç+~.

68. She slept. ÄyÓT ìÁ<äb˛sTT+~.

69. She spent. ÄyÓT Ks¡TÃ #˚dæ+~.

70. She sold. ÄyÓT n$Tà+~.

71. It sang. n~ bÕ&ç+~.

72. It shook. n~ ø£~|æ+~.

73. It stole. n~ <=+–*+∫+~.

74. It sent. n~ |ü+|æ+~.

75. It smelt. n~ yêdüq#·÷|æ+~.

76. It swept. n~ ‘·T&ç∫+~.

77. It said. n~ #Ó|æŒ+~.

78. It sought. n~ yÓ~øÏ+~.

79. It swore. n~ Á|üj·÷D+ #˚dæ+~.

80. It swam. n~ á~+~.

81. Rama studied. sêeTT&ÉT #·~yê&ÉT.

82. Rama showed. sêeTT&ÉT #·÷ô|qT.

83. Rama started. sêeTT&ÉT ãj·T\T<¬sqT.

84. Ravi starved. s¡$ Äø£*‘√ ñ+&ÓqT.

85. Rama took. sêeTT&ÉT rdüTø=HÓqT.

86. Rama threw. sêeTT&ÉT $dæ]y˚ôdqT.

87. Rama taught. sêeTT&ÉT uÀ~Û+#ÓqT.

88. Rama thought. sêeTT&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#ÓqT.

89. Rama told. sêeTT&ÉT #Óô|ŒqT.

90. Rama trained. sêeTT&ÉT •ø£åDì#ÓÃqT.

91. Sita tried. d”‘· Á|üj·T‹ï+#ÓqT.

92. Sita understood. d”‘· ns¡úeTT #˚düTø=HÓqT.

93. Sita wrote. d”‘· ÁyêôdqT.

94. Sita walked. d”‘· q&É#ÓqT.

95. Sita washed. d”‘· ø£&ç¬>qT.

96. Sita won. d”‘· ¬>*#Óq.

97. Sita wore. d”‘· <Ûä]+#ÓqT.

98. Sita wanted. d”‘· ø√s¡Tø=HÓqT.

99. Sita warned. d”‘· ôV≤#·Ã]+#ÓqT.

100. Sita worried. d”‘· ø£+>±s¡T|ü&ÓqT.

t iv. · (present continuous tense) 2. i walked. h˚qt q&ç#êqt. (past simple tense) 3. i will...

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