t he n ew i mperialism africa “invaded”. w hat is i mperialism ? imperialism is the domination...
TRANSCRIPT
THE NEW IMPERIALISMAfrica “Invaded”
WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?
Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political,
economic, or cultural life of another country.
THE NEW IMPERIALISM Began in 1500s. 1870 – 1914 Europeans established
colonies in African coastal regions. Nationalism – rampant competition
among nations to prove their worth Industrial Revolution - needed new
sources to buy and sell goods and to collect natural resources
CAUSES OF NEW IMPERIALISM…ECONOMY Industrialization Industrialization
throughout Europe throughout Europe depended on raw depended on raw materialsmaterials
Countries need to Countries need to establish colonies to establish colonies to provide natural provide natural resourcesresources
Need for new markets to sell goods
Place for growing populations to settle
Place to invest profits
For Example (Economics) Invest money to build railroad Invest money to build railroad raw raw
materials brought out of Africa faster materials brought out of Africa faster and more cheaply and more cheaply able to increase able to increase industrial productionindustrial production
Build factory in India Build factory in India New market New market (Indian, British in India) (Indian, British in India) cheaper cheaper production (cheap Indian labor)production (cheap Indian labor)
…POLITICS AND THE MILITARY…
Weaponry of the Industrial Age gave European nations a huge military advantage over the people of Africa, India, and China.
Bases for trade and navy ships Power and security for a global empire Spirit of nationalism
For Example (Military)
Maxim GunMaxim Gun British and the Sudan British and the Sudan
(Battle of Omdurman (Battle of Omdurman – suburb of Khartoum)– suburb of Khartoum)
British versus Muslim British versus Muslim DervishesDervishes
British casualties – British casualties – 482 (using artillery 482 (using artillery and maxim guns)and maxim guns)
Sudanese Casualties – Sudanese Casualties – 22,700 (using 22,700 (using muskets and spears)muskets and spears)
…SOCIETY…
Wish to spread Christianity Wish to share Western civilization Ethnocentrism!
…SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY…
New advancements such as railroads and steamships allowed Europeans to be able to enter deeper into jungles and wild areas than before.
New weapons New medicines Improved ships Railroads
For Example (Medical Advancements)
Germ theory and Germ theory and the discovery of the discovery of quinine (cure for quinine (cure for malaria) gave malaria) gave Europeans the Europeans the physical strength physical strength necessary to necessary to survive in harsh survive in harsh environments.environments.
HERBERT SPENCER “Social Darwinism” –
some races are “superior” to others.
In this case, the belief that white Anglo-Saxons are better than the tribal Africans.
This gave the justification they ustification they needed to conquer and needed to conquer and subdue native peoplessubdue native peoples
RUDYARD KIPLING “The White Man’s Burden” – poem that
offered justification for imperialism. Kipling expressed the idea that white
imperialists had a moral duty to educate people in nations they considered less developed.
Missionaries spread western ideas, customs, and religions to people in Africa.
KING LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM Sent a mission to the interior of Africa
to establish trade agreements with leaders of the Congo River basin
Ran Congo as his own PRIVATE estate. In the name of “civilizing” the people,
Leopold enslaved the people and cut off hands of reluctant workers or slow roasted the ones who couldn’t be convinced of his benevolence
THE BERLIN CONFERENCE In order to avoid conflict among
themselves, Europeans leaders met in Berlin, Germany to set up rules for colonizing Africa.
Divided Africa with little regard for those living there.
In 1850, most of Africa had been free…70 years later, most of the continent was under European rule
A CONTINENT DIVIDED
SHORT TERM EFFECTS ON COLONIES
Large numbers of Africans came under European rule
Local economies became dependent on industrialization
Some nations introduced changes to meet imperialist challenges
Conflicts between European culture and native culture
MORE SHORT TERM EFFECTS
Individuals and groups resisted European domination
Western culture spread to new regions Africa’s traditional political units were
disrupted or destroyed Famines occurred in lands where
farmers grew cash crops. This was exported for imperialistic nations rather than food for local use.
LONG TERM EFFECTS ON COLONIES
Western culture continued to influence much of the world.
Transportation, education, and medical care were improved.
Resistance to imperial rule evolved into nationalist movements.
Many economies became dependent on single cash crops grown for export.
Slowed economic and political development of native areas
EFFECTS ON EUROPE The West discovered new crops, foods,
and other products. Westerners were introduced to new
cultural influences. Competition for empires created and
increased conflict between imperial powers. These conflicts sometimes led to war.
The industrial nations controlled a new global economy.
NEW CONFLICTS African religious
conflicts – SudanMuslims vs.
Christians vs. tribes
African ethnic conflicts – RwandaHutus vs. Tutsis
After WWII, 22 African nations emerge as military dictatorships