There are five major reason on why imperialism started.

First Cause is Economic

Second and Third reason was Political and Military

Forth cause was society push of religion

Fifth cause was Science and

Inventions These reasons are why Euro-pean Powers including the United States and Japan were ably to take over Africa, China, India, Latin America

CAU SE S O F IM P E R I A L I S M

Special points of inter-est:

• What were the causes?

• The breaking up of Africa

• The Berlin Conference

• Taken over India

• Sepoy Rebellion

• Imperialism in China

• The effects of Imperial-ism

I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E :

Causes of Imperi-alism

1

How did they do it 1

Imperialism brings change

2

Africa 2

Africa 3

India 3

Japan 6

China 4-5

IMPERIALISM 1850 –1914

H O W D I D T H E Y D O I T ?

The use of Technology • Europeans had steam

engines, railroads and telegraphs to help them out

Advance Weapons • Europeans had ma-

chine guns which gave them any advan-tage

Medicine • Quinine—a drug used

to fight malaria help them in taken over

malaria infested areas No unity • Lack of unity among

the people that they were fighting

• Need for raw materi-als.

• Need for new mar-kets

• Place for growing population

• Place to invest money

• Bases for trade and navy ships

• Power and security of global empire

• Spirit of nationalism

• Spread Christianity

• Wish to share west-ern civilization

• Social Darwinism

• New Medicines

• Improve ships for travel and colonization

• New Weapons

Effects of Imperialism

7

The age of imperialism changed the west and it’s colonies. The indus-trial nations of Britain, France, Germany and the United States con-trolled a new global economy. They sent goods, investment money and knowledge to the rest of the world. In return Africa, Asia and Latin America sup-plied natural resources, farm crops and cheap labor (see graph)

Look at the graph to the right . It represents the land that was taken over by the Europeans.

Next look through the packet provided by the organization called HOT called Transfor-mation in World History: New Imperialism. Answer the questions that are in the packet. They should cover Standards 10.4.1—10.4.4

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T H E C O N Q U E S T O F A F R I C A

IM P E R I A L I S M B R I N G S G R E AT C H A N G E

G R A P H A N D A S S I G N M E N T

moved into the heart of Af-rica. In 1884, the European nations plus the United States and Turkey meet in Berlin, Germany ( Berlin Con-ference). Their they set up rules for colonizing Africa. No Africans were asked to come to the meeting.

By 1914 ( 30 years later) They ruled 90% of the conti-

nent except for Ethiopia (a Christian country) and Liberia a recently independent coun-try founded by ex– slaves from the United States.

In many regions, Africans battled the invaders, most, if not all there efforts failed because of the superior forces of the Europeans.

Europeans knew little about Africa in 1800. However by 1800 with the end of the slave trade Christian mission-aries came to Africa to con-vert the people to Christian-ity. Europeans had traded with Africa but only along the coast. By 1800 they went inland. One of the first was the king of Belgium. Soon other European nations

Dr. Livingston, I presume

Quote from Henry Stanley

Volume 1 , Issue 1

90

210

98

0

20

40

60

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In 1850 In 1914

Free Africa

Europen Possesions

Imperia l ism 1850 –1914

In the early 1700’s the Mughal Empire was on decline. By the year 1750, a company called the Brit-ish East India Company had become the most powerful power in India. Starting out as a small trading company in the 1500, it slowly became the dominate force in In-dia. Through British law it forced India to supply Brit-ain with raw materials such a tea, coffee, cotton and opium. Opium was sold to China . (See Opium war on page 5). However

India did gain some by British rule. It had one of the best railroad sys-tem in the world and it’s economy was greatly improved and modern-ized. However, India industry all but dried up because of British laws and farmers started to plant cash crops in-stead of food crops which lead to India not being ably to feed itself. Eventual Indians started to feel resentment and some Indian’s in 1856-7 revolted. This revolt known as the Sepoy Rebellion

lasted a year and lead to the British crown taken over India from the British East India Company.

Look at the map to the right . It represents the land that was taken over by the Euro-peans.

Next look through the packet provided by the organization called HOT called Transfor-mation in World History: New Imperialism. Answer the questions that are in the packet. They should cover Standards 10.4.1—10.4.4

Page 3

T H E S E P O Y R E B E L L I O N 1 8 5 6 - 1 8 5 7

TH E TA K E N OV E R O F IN D I A

M A P A N D A S S I G N M E N T

Soldiers in the army had to bite off the end of the car-tridges, yet the end was greased with animal fat. The animal fat was made from cows or pigs. Cows are sa-cred to Hindus and pigs are forbidden to eat for Muslims. With this act angry Sepoys rose up against the British . The rebellion lasted almost a

year with both sides inflicting terrible revenges and massa-cres. The rebellion however did lead to reform and the British government taken over India directly. However both sides felt a sense of bitter mistrust, fear and ha-tred that still is felt today.

Several moves lead to the rebellion. The British East India Company made several laws that were offence to both Hindi and Muslims. They thought that these new laws undermine their own faiths. However, the final confronta-tion came over rifle car-tridges.

India is the crown jewel of the British Empire and must be handled with a firm yet tender

grip. Sepoy Rebellion in 1856-7 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/.../sepoy.jpg

Imperialist ambitions and rivalries in East Asia inevita-bly came to focus on the vast empire of China, with more than a quarter of the world's population. China survived as a more-or-less independent state due to the resilience of her social and administrative structures, but can also be seen as a reflection of the limitations to which imperial-ist governments were willing to press their ambitions in the face of similar competing claims.

On the one hand, it is sug-gested that rather than being a backward country unable to

secure the prerequisite sta-bility and security for west-ern-style commerce, China's institutions and level of eco-nomic development rendered her capable of providing a secure market in the ab-sence of direct rule by the developed powers, despite her past unwillingness to admit western commerce (which had often taken the form of drug-pushing i.e. opium).

This may explain the West's contentment with informal "spheres of influence". West-ern powers did intervene militarily to quell domestic

chaos, such as the epic Taip-ing Rebellion of 1850-1864. China's size and cohesion compared to pre-colonial societies of Africa also made formal subjugation too diffi-cult for any but the broadest coalition of colonialist pow-ers, whose own rivalries would preclude such an out-come. When such a coalition did materialize in 1900, its objective was limited to sup-pression of the anti-imperialist Boxer Rebellion because of the irreconcilabil-ity of Anglo-American and Russo-German aims.

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T H E T A I P I N G W A R

CH I N A D U R I N G T H E T I M E O F IM P E R I A L I S M

C H I N E S E M A P D U R I N G I M P E R I A L I S M

of Jesus Christ. He and his followers established the Kingdom of Heavenly Peace and attained control of sig-nificant parts of southern China. Most accurate sources put the total deaths at about 20 million civilians and army personnel although some claim the death toll was much higher (as many as 50

million according to at least one source.). There are re-ports that "Some historians have estimated that the com-bination of natural disasters combined with the political insurrections may have cost on the order of 200 million Chinese lives between 1850–1865.

The Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864) was perhaps the bloodiest civil war in human history, a clash between the forces of the Qing Empire in China and those inspired by a Hakka self-proclaimed mystic named Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert who had claimed that he was the new Messiah and younger brother

Volume 1 , Issue 1

Famous French political car-toon from the late 1890s. A pie represents "Chine" (French for China) and is be-ing divided between carica-tures of Queen Victoria of Great Britain, William II of Germany , Nicholas II of Rus-sia, who is eyeing a particular piece, the French Marianne, and the Meiji Emperor of Ja-pan, carefully contemplating which pieces to take. A stereotypical Chinese official throws his up his hands to try and stop them, but is power-less.

** Note: Most of the Spheres of In-fluence are along the rivers and the coast.

Imperia l ism 1850 –1914

Opium Wars, 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between China and West-ern countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent., British mer-chants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain. In 1839, China enforced its prohibitions on the im-portation of opium by de-stroying at Guangzhou (Canton) a large quantity of opium confiscated from British merchants. Great Britain, which had been

looking to end China's restrictions on foreign trade, responded by send-ing gunboats to attack several Chinese coastal cities. China, unable to withstand modern arms, was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Nan-jing (1842). This treaty gave the British the port of Hong Kong. Within a few years other Western powers signed similar treaties with China and received commercial and residential privileges, and the Western domina-tion of China's treaty ports

began. After the second war, China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanc-tion Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium Source: A. Waley, The Opium War through Chinese Eyes (1958, repr. 1968); H.-P. Chang, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War (1964); P. W. Fay, The Opium War, 1840–1842 (1975).

4. Why was foreign governments un-able to take over China?

5. What was the drug that was so de-structive to the Chinese?

6. The Taiping Rebel-lion caused what to happen in

Review Questions 1. What are the

causes of Imperi-alism?

2. At what confer-ence did the Euro-pean Powers break up Africa?

3. What was the Se-poy Rebellion about?

China? 7. In China the sphere

of influence was near what areas of China?

8. After the opium War, What did the foreign government receive from China?

Questions continue on page 7

Page 5

B O X E R R E B E L L I O N

OP I U M WAR

Q U E S T I O N S

the Qing Dynasty from November 1899 to Sep-tember 7, 1901[1]. By August 1900, over 230 foreigners, tens of thou-sands of Chinese Chris-tians, an unknown number of rebels, their sympathiz-

ers and other innocent bystanders were killed in the ensuing chaos. The brutal uprising crumbled on August 4, 1900 when 20,000 foreign troops entered the Chinese capi-tal, Peking (Beijing).

The Boxer Uprising; liter-ally "The Righteous and Harmonious Fists") or Boxer Rebellion was a Chinese rebellion against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology that occurred in China during the final years of

All information was found at www.wikpedia.com unless noted

A Boxer Rebellion

By 1829 the opium import amounted to $10,591,760 gold, forming 49 per cent of all British imports to China. In 1834, it was $11,381,930 gold, forming 51.4 per cent of the Brit-

ish imports. Hu Shih

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/h/hushih305244.html

Imperia l ism 1850 –1914

Commodore Matthew C. Perry, commander of the United States naval forces in the China seas, was a staunch expansion-ist. Back in 1852 he warned President Fill-more that the British, who had already taken control of Hong Kong and Singapore, would soon control all trade in the area. Perry recom-mended that the United States take "active meas-ures to secure a number

of ports of ref-uge" in Japan. President Fill-more agreed with Perry. In 1853 he ordered the Commodore to open negotia-tions with the Emperor of Japan. The negotiations and the threat of the naval forces lead to the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854. The treaty allowed for

the us of US ships access to Japanese ports, which in turn lead to a other Western Powers as well. Source: http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/letter.html

agreement. However, by 1894, China sent troops into Korea in violation of the agreement. This lead to the Sino-Japanese war, which Japan easily won. This war gave Japan two colonies.

Also, in 1904 Japan and Rus-sian had a war over territory. Japan again won, shocking the world. For the first time an Asian power won over a

Japan had become a politi-cal, military and economic power in the region under this industrialization process. This lead to Japan need more natural resources and it gave them a sense of imperialism just like in Europe)

Japan attacked Korea in 1876, which China could not allow. Japan and China even-tually signed a hands-off

European power. Japan had arrived on the world stage.

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M E I J I R E F O R M A N D M O D E R N I Z A T I O N

MO D E R N I Z AT I O N O F JA PA N CO M M A N D E R PE R RY O P E N S U P JA PA N

J A PA N A T T A C K S C H I N A A N D T H E R U S S O – J A PA N E S E W A R

ism to Japan. However, he realized that in order to counter the west Japan had to modernize itself. He sent government official all over the world to learn about western ideas and modernization techniques.

Japan was on its way to being industrialized. The Japanese took the best from all over the world and made it their own. By the early 20th century, Japan was an industrialized na-tion of the world.

The people of Japan were angry at the Shogun for allowing this crave insult to happen and turned instead to the young emperor Ma-tsuhito. The young emperor was a sense of pride and national-

“ Japan must modernize to defend

itself from the Western Powers”

Emperor Matsuhito

Treaty of Ports-mouth by Japan and Russia. Teddy Roosevelt was the negotia-tor for the two sides.

9. In 1900 anti-foreign sentiment in China lead a uprising known as the what? 10. What are the ef-fects of Imperialism? 11. Look at the Politi-cal Cartoon on page four. What is the Chi-nese man yelling about? 12. Why does Japan modernize and how does it use it’s new power? 13. Why to Japan and Russia fight? 14. Look at the map to the right, Which nations in Africa re-mained independent?

QU E S T I O N S A N D AS S I G N M E N T

What are the effects of Imperialism:

• New Economic Pattern

1. Most profits went to the Industrial Powers

2. Money replaced the barter system and heavy taxes were imposed

• Dependency

1. Colonies became dependent on Industrial Powers goods

2. Food Crops were replaced with Cash Crops

• Modernization

1. Modernization did occur and in some cases helped the colonies

2. Banking, Technology and Communication as well as light Industry

• Cultural Impact

1. Westernization occurred and Native abandoned the old ways.

• New Political Tension

1. Western Nations fueled tension between natives that were enemies but were forced into a unified area

The effects of Imperialism