synthetic biology research: cyanobacterial energy proposal: polypropylene biodegrading bacteria by:...
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Synthetic BiologyResearch: Cyanobacterial Energy
Proposal: Polypropylene Biodegrading Bacteria
By: Tatiana Gelaf
Cyanobacterial Energy
http://english.qibebt.cas.cn/rh/rp/201210/t20121009_91770.html
The Problem Fossil fuels are limited and cause
pollution
1st generation biofuels: from crops Use food sources Environmental impact Costly High energy cost (fertilizer) Highly controversial
Solution using Synbio Cyanobacteria naturally produce a
variety of products which can be used as biofuels. Hydrogen Various Alcohols
Synthetic biologists work to make them more efficient in this production.
Hydrogen Nitrogenase : nitrogen fixation
Hydrogen produced is consumed by hydrogenase.
Synbiologist modifying bacteria to not consume this hydrogen.
Bidirectional hydrogenase: oxidizes/produces Intolerant to oxygen Synbiologists working on oxygen-tolerant bacteria.
Fuel source to be burned with only byproduct being water.
http://phidrogeno.blogspot.com/
Ethanol Produced through fermentation
Pyruvates acetaldehyde ethanol
Engineered to produce more through overexpression of relevant genes.
Used as supplement/replacement to diesel.
Butanol Two distinct pathways.
Synthetic 2-ketoacid pathway Uses intermediates from amino acid production 2-ketovaleratebutanol
CoA-dependent pathway Acetyl-CoA Butyryl-CoAButanol Occurs in nature. Production concentrated through introduction of
certain enzymes.
Can be used in petroleum engines or mixed with diesel.
http://gophoto.us/key/1%20butanol%20sigma%20aldrich
Photanol
Phototrophs+Chemiotrophs photofermentative systems.
Phototrophs: use energy from photons produce C3
Chemiotrophs use energy from oxidized compounds in environment consume C3
produce various products through fermentation.
Photofermentative system
http://www.springerimages.com/Images/RSS/1-10.1007_s10126-010-9311-1-1
Sourceshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343573/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136707/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101214141932.htm
http://phys.org/news/2013-03-fuel-bacteria-genetically-modified-cyanobacteria-efficient.html
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2010/541698/http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2012/EE/c2ee23148d
http://aem.asm.org/content/65/2/523.fullhttp://www.sebioenergy.org/2011/speakers/Spall.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel
Polypropylene Degrading Bacteria
The Problem Most types of plastics don’t biodegrade.
Remain in environment. Pose a threat to wildlife. Release toxins.
Current Technologies Biodegradable plastics
Crops Designed to be composted, takes a while
Recycling Structural problems Energy expensive
Selected for Bacteria Produce useless/dangerous byproducts.
Proposed Solution Polypropylene propylene
Propylene Previously produced from fossil fuels Recycled to polypropylene Acetone, phenol, isopropanol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propene
Bacteria Two component signaling: uses
polypropylene as chemical signal
Open reading frame codes for one of the following: Modified endonuclease hydroxyethylphophonate dioxygenase
(HEPD)
Modified Endonuclease NEase
Covalent intermediate
Modified recognition site
Covalent intermediate: nucleophiletransition metal
HEPD Cleaves C-C
Uses oxygen + ferric superoxide
Sourceshttp://www.livescience.com/33085-petroleum-derived-plastic-non-biodegradable.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic#Polystyrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recyclinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylenehttp://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Biodegradation.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propenehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-001-0850-2http://www.intechopen.com/books/polypropylene/thermal-oxidation-of-polypropylene-and-modified-polypropylene-structure-effects
http://science.howstuffworks.com/plastic5.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme#Recognition_sitehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:hF3zOIoNU3AJ:www.springer.com/%3FSGWID%3D4-102-45-105452-0+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/7326http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22528/http://www.news.illinois.edu/news/09/0610chemistry.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21121666