LECTURE 1

SYLLABUS FOR FIRST CLASS

2013-2014

MSC. ISMAIL M.ALI

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

TIKRIT UNIVERSITY

MANDATORY CLASS: 1ST ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CH 122

Teaching scheme: 2 hours lecture per week Credits: 6

Course description

Is an introduction to organic chemistry, focusing primarily on the basic principles to understand the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. Emphasis is on substitution and elimination reactions and chemistry of the carbonyl group. The course also provides an introduction to the chemistry of aromatic compounds.

Objective

• To impart the basic concepts of organic chemistry

• To develop understanding about concepts on organic reactions for analysis of unit

processes

Specific learning outcome

The mechanisms can be described in terms of electron shifts, Radical substitution vice versa of alkanes. The physical properties will be explained in terms of the intermolecular forces.

TOPICS

NO Topics Hours

1 Introduction for Hydrocarbons 2

2 electronic orbitals of carbon compounds, saturated hydrocarbon compound ,unsaturated compounds, aromatic compounds cyclic compound 10

3 cracking 4

4 Featured reactions: oxidation and combustion, added, replacement, nitrification halogenated. The Grignard reagent Friedel-Craft, Simon Smith, Swartz, polymerization 4

5 Halides: Halogenation operations hydrocarbon compound ways ionic or free radicals, added, replacement 4

6 Alcohols and phenols: hydrolysis processes for halides 6

7 Ethers: Williamson, operations, replacement 4

8 aldehyde and ketones 6

9 Featured reactions 4

10 Carboxylic acids and important derivatives 4

11 Featured reactions to form organic salts, esters, amino acids, amides 6

12 Amines and some important derivatives 6

GRADING No. Assessment

Number % each % total Dates

Theoretical

1 Homework (HW),

Quizzes(Q

5

2 TEST 1

1 7.5 %

7.5

3 TEST 2

1 7.5 %

7.5

4 TEST 3

1 7.5 % 7.5

5 TEST 4

1 7.5 % 7.5

6 Final Exam (F)

1 50% 50

Theoretical Total 85

PRACTICAL

Report for all

Experiences

5% 5

TEST 1

2.5% 2.5

TEST 2

2.5% 2.5

Final Exam

5% 5

Practical Total

15

Overall Total ( Theoretical + Practical) 100

No. Assessment Number % each % total Dates

Percentage of change: 20%

Text Book:

Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II, ELBS

References:

1. Morrison & Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall of India-

2. Bahl&Bahl, Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand

3. Sony, P.L., Organic Chemistry, S. Chand

TU Examination Pattern (Maximum Marks -30)

PART A: preparation the following compounds 6X1

mark-6 marks

PART B: naming the following compounds 6X1 mark- 6

marks

PART C:drow structure for the following compounds

6X1 mark -6marks

PART D : defined the following compounds 6X1 mark-

6marks

Part E : show the converter the following compounds

6X1 mark-6marks

HYDROCARBONS

OBJECTIVES

1. What is organic chemistry? In general, how do organic

compounds differ from inorganic compounds?

2. Why are there so many more organic compounds than

inorganic compounds?

3. What are hydrocarbons? What structural features identify

alkanes? Alkenes? Alkynes? Aromatic hydrocarbons?

4. How are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic

hydrocarbons named using IUPAC nomenclature?

5. What are the physical and chemical properties of alkanes,

alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons?

objectives

OBJECTIVES

6. What is an alkyl group?

7. What are some products from reactions of alkanes? How are

they formed?

8. What are the major reactions of alkenes? What are the

products of those reactions?

9. What are polymers? How are they formed and utilized?

10. What is petroleum and how is it utilized?

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon

Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Over 10 million compounds made with these 4 elements

95% of compounds contain carbon

Form stable, covalent bonds with each other

PROPERTIES

Organic (Benzene)

Low melting pts

Low boiling pts

Low solubility in water

Highly flammable

Nonconductive

Covalent bonds

Inorganic (NaCl)

High melting pts

High boiling pts

Soluble in water

Nonflammable

Conductive

Ionic bonds

HYDROCARBONS

Compounds containing only two elements

Carbon and hydrogen

Alkanes: Structures and Names

Objectives

Identify an alkane

Determine what an isomer of an alkane is

Identify different types of alkanes

ALKANES

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Called saturated because each carbon is

bonded to four other atoms

Only single bonds

Methane

Ethane

Propane

HOMOLOGY

Related compounds

Homologs

Have properties that vary in a regular and

predictable manner

A manner of organization

Similar to P.T.

ISOMERS

Different compounds having the same

molecular formula

Butane

Isobutane (isolated branched chain)

Pentane

Isopentane

Neopentane

ISOMERS

ALKANES

CnH2n+2

Representation

Structural Formulas

Condensed Structural Formulas

Butane

ALKYL GROUP

A group of atoms that results when one

hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane

CnH2n+1

Change –ane ending to –yl

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE

Define IUPAC

Examine the rules for IUPAC naming

Determine the correct names of alkanes

Geneva, Switzerland 1892

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

IUPAC System of Nomenclature

(isobutane, isopentane are common names)

IUPAC RULES

1. Name the longest chain in the parent compound. End in –ane. (Root name)

Number each carbon

See Example

2. Note the alkyl groups attached

3. Number the carbon that the group is attached to.

Must use the lowest number possible.

See Example

IUPAC RULES CON’T

4. Use prefixes to indicate the amount of

attached groups

See Example

5. If there are more than two or more different

substituents, list them in alphabetical order. If

at equal points, lower alphabetical order given

lowest number

See Example

6. PREFIXES NOT INCLUDED IN

ALPHABETIZING

SEE EXAMPLE

NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING

NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING

a. 3-ethylhexane

b. 2,4-dimethylpentane

c. 3-methylhexane

d. 4-isopropylheptane

DRAW THE STRUCTURAL FORMULAS FOR EACH

OF THE FOLLOWING

4-propylheptane

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

3-isopropyl-3-

methyloctane

PROPERTIES OF ALKANES

Objectives

Determine the physical and physiological

properties of alkanes