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SYLLABUSB.Sc. (Zoology) Part-II (Semester-III and IV)

(Session 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21)

Semester-IIITHEORY

External Marks Internal Assessment

Paper-I : Chordates-I 40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)

Paper-II : Chordates-II & Evolution

40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)

PRACTICALPertaining to Theory Paper-I andTheory Paper-II: 40

Total Marks (Semester-III)Theory 80 MarksPractical 40 MarksInternal Assessment pertaining to Theory Paper I & II 30 Marks

Total : 150 Marks

Semester-IVTHEORY


Paper-I : Biochemistry 40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)Paper-II : Animal Physiology 40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)

PRACTICALPertaining to Theory Paper-I andTheory Paper-II : 40

Total Marks (Semester-IV)Theory 80 MarksPractical 40 MarksInternal Assessment pertaining to Theory Paper I & II 30 Marks

Total : 150 Marks

Note: 1) The number of teaching hours per week will be three for each theory paper and three

for each practical in every semester. In all, there will be 12 teaching hours per week covering both theory and practical requirements. (Six teaching hours for theory and Six teaching hours for practical per week)

2) There will be one Practical paper of 3 hours pertaining to the theory papers I & II in each semester. The timing of practical examination will be 9.00 am to 12.00 noon.

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SEMESTER - IIIPAPER I –CHORDATES-I

Max. Marks: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hoursPass marks: 35% Lectures to be delivered: 45Theory-40 (Each of 45 minutes duration)Internal Assessment : 15

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERThe question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B

will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 6 marks each. Section C will consist of 8 short-answer type questions (8 to 10 lines) which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 16 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B

and the entire section C, which is compulsory.

SECTION-A

1. Chordates : General Characters and Echinoderm Theory of Origin2. Protochordates: a) Urochordata Type study-Herdmania.

b) Cephalochordata—Type study-Amphioxus.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Herdmania, Molgula, Pyrosoma, Dolilum, Salpa, Oikopleura

and Amphioxus.

3. Cyclostomata : a) External Characters of Petromyzon. b) Affinities of Cyclostomata.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Myxine, Petromyzon and Ammocoetus Larva.

SECTION-B4. Pisces : a) Type study : Labeo.

b) Types of Scales, Migration and Parental Care in fishes.c) Classification of following animals upto orders

i. Chondrichthyes : Zygaena, Pristis, Narcine, Trygon, Rhinobatus and Chimaera.

ii. Actinopterygii : Polypterus, Acipenser, Lepidosteus, Muraena, Mystus, Catla, Hippocampus, Syngnathus, Exocoetus, Anabas, Diodon, Tetradon, Echeneis and Solea.

iii. Dipnusti (Dipnoi) : Protopterus (lung-fish).

5. Amphibia : a) Type study –Frog. b) Parental Care.c) Classification of animals upto orders

Uraeotyphlus, Necturus, Amphiuma, Amblystoma, Triton, Salamandra, Hyla, Rhacophorus.

3

PAPAR-II : Chordates-II & EVOLUTION Max. Marks: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hoursPass marks: 35% Lectures to be delivered: 45Theory-40 (Each of 45 minutes duration)Internal Assessment : 15



INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the

entire section C, which is compulsory.

1. Reptilia : a) Type study—Uromastix.b) Poison apparatus in snakes.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Chelone, Testudo, Hemidactylus, Calotes, Draco, Varanus, Phrynosoma, Chamaeleon, Typhlops, Python, Eryx, Bungarus, Naja, Hydrus, Viper, Crocodilus, Gavialis and Alligator.

3. Aves : a) Type study—Pigeon.b) Flight adaption.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Ardea, Milvus, Pavo, Tyto, Alcedo, Eudynamis and

Casuarius.

4. Mammals : a) Type study—Rat.b) Dentition in Mammals.c) Classification of following animals up to ordersOrnithorhynchus, Echidna, Didelphys, Macropus, Loris, Macaca, Manis, Hystrix, Funambulus,Panthera, Canis, Herpestes, Capra, Pteropus.

5. Organic Evolution:i) Origin of lifeii) Evidences of organic evolution.iii) Theories of organic evolution.iv) Biological species concept.v) Evolution of man.

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PRACTICAL SYLLABUSPAPER –SEMESTER III

I.Classification up to orders, excepting Pisces and Aves where classification up to subclasses only is required, habits, habitats, external characters and economic importance (if any) of the following animals:

1. Urochordata : Herdmania, Molgula, Pyrosoma, Dolilum, Salpa and Oikopleura.

2. Cephalochordata: Amphioxus.3. Chondrichthyes : Zygaena (Hammer headed shark), Pristis (saw fish), Narcine

(Electric ray), Trygon, Rhinobatus and Chimaera (Rabbit fish).4. Actinopterygii : Polypterus, Acipenser, Lepidosteus, Muraena, Mystus, Catla,

Hippocampus, Syngnathus, Exocoetus, Anabas, Diodon, Tetradon, Echeneis and Solea.

5. Dipnusti (Dipnoi) : Protopterus (African lung fish).6. Amphibia : Uraeotyphlus, Necturus, Amphiuma, Amblystoma and its

Axolotl Larva, Triton, Salamandra, Hyla and Rhacophorus.7. Reptilia : Hemidactylus, Calotes, Draco, Varanus, Phrynosoma,

Chamaeleon, Typhlops, Python, Eryx, Ptyas, Bungarus, Naja, Hydrus, Viper, Crocodilus, Gavialis, Chelone (Turtle) and Testudo (Tortoise).

8. Aves : Ardea, Anas, Milvus, Pavo, Tyto, Alcedo, Eudynamis and Casuarius.

9. Mammalia : Ornithorhynchus, Echidna, Didelphys, Macropus, Loris, Macaca, Manis, Hystrix, Funambulus,Panthera, Canis, Herpestes and Pteropus.

2. Demonstration with the help of software:1. Herdmania : General anatomy.2. Labeo Digestive systems, reproductive systems and cranial nerves.3. Chick : Digestive, arterial, venous and urinogential systems.4. White Rat : Digestive, arterial, venous and urinogential systems.

3. Make temporary preparation of following :1. Temporary preparation of spicules of Herdmania.2. Permanent preparation of whole mount of pharynx of Herdmania and

Amphioxus, placoid scales of Scoliodon.

4. Study of following prepared slides : T.S. Amphioxus through various regions. Spicules, pharynx of Herdmania and pharynx of Amphioxus. Histology of rat/rabbit (Compound tissues).

5

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRACTICAL PAPER

1. Candidates will be required to submit their original note-books containing record of their laboratory work initiated with date by their teachers at the time of practical examination.

2. Students must be taken out for short excursion to the Zoological gardens, sea shores and hill stations to study habitat and ecology of the animals.

3. Practical examination shall be held in one session from 9.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon.4. Practical examination is to be conducted by two external examiners.

Max. Marks: 40 Time Allowed: 3 hours Pass Marks: 35%

1. Museum Specimens from Phylum Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Dipnusti(Dipnoi), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia. 3 specimens to be set for identification, classification and morphological note. 15

2. Demonstration regarding dissection 6

3. One experiment pertaining to Ecology (animal adaptation, next in birds) 4

4. Excursion note 5

5. Viva-voce 5

6. Practical note-book and charts 5

6

SEMESTER - IV

PAPER-I : BIOCHEMISTRY






SECTION-A

BIOCHEMISTRY 1. Biochemistry and its scope; Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids. 2. Nucleic Acids : their classification and functions.3. Enzymes : Nature, their classification and coenzymes.

SECTION-B

4. Carbohydrate Metabolism : The Embden Meyerhof, Parnas Pathway (Glycolysis), the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the hexose monophosphate shunt, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

5. Lipid Metabolism : β-oxidation of fatty acids, fate of glycerol and gluconeogenesis, interaction of carbohydrates and lipids, lipogenesis in tissues, ketosis.

6. Protein Metabolism : Metabolism of amino acids (Oxidative deamination, transamination and decarboxylation) hydrolysis of protein and ornithine cycle.

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PAPER-II : ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYMax. Marks: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hoursPass marks: 35% Lectures to be delivered: 45Theory-40 (Each of 45 minutes duration)Internal Assessment : 15





SECTION-A

1. Digestion : Digestion of dietary constituents, regulation of digestive processes and absorption, types of nutrition, feeding mechanism, extra and intra cellular digestion, enzymatic digestion and symbiotic digestion.

2. Blood : Composition and functions of blood and lymph, molecular structure and function of haemoglobin, blood clotting, blood groups including Rh-factor, haemostasis and haemopoiesis.

3. Heart : Origin and regulation of heart beat, cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram, cardiac output, blood flow and its regulation, blood pressure and micro-circulation.

SECTION-B

4. Respiration : Transport of O2 and CO2, Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin, Bohr effect, chloride shift, Haldane effect and control of breathing.

5. Excretion : Urine formation and osmoregulation.6. Muscles : Ultrastructure, chemical and physiological basis of skeletal

muscle contraction.7. Neural Integration: Structure of Neuron, resting membrane potential, origin and

propagation of impulse along the axon, synapse and myoneural junction.

8. Endocrine : Structure and physiology of thyroid; Parathyroid, adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary, pancreas and gonads.

8

PRACTICAL SYLLABUSPAPER – SEMESTER - IV

1. Identification of food stuffs : starch, glucose, proteins and fats in a given solution.

2. Demonstration of osmosis and diffusion.3. Demonstration of presence of amylase in saliva, denaturation with change of

pH and temperature.4. Analysis of urine for urea and glucose.5. Determination of coagulation and bleeding time of blood in man/rat/rabbit.6. Determination of blood groups of human blood sample.7. Recording of blood pressure of man.8. Estimation of haemoglobin content.9. Study of TLC and DLC.10. Preparation and study of human blood smear.11. Preparation of permanent mount of striated muscles.12. Preparation of permanent mount of mylienated nerve fibre.13. Field study : Visit to a clinical lab.14. Study of skeleton of Scoliodon Rana Varanus Gallus and Oryctolagus

(Rabbit)






1. Museum Specimens from Phylum Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata to Hemichordata. 3 specimens to be set for identification, classification and morphological note. 15



4. Excursion note 5

9

5. Viva-voce 5


B.Sc. Syllabus System 1

B.Sc.-II (Chemistry) Semester III & IV 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21

SEMESTER IIIPaper Title Max.

MarksSem. Paper Int. Asstt. Pass

PercentageI INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 35 26 09 35%II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 35 26 09 35%III PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 35 26 09 35%I PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY-I 45 16 (Pass Marks) 35%

SEMESTER IV

Paper Title Max. Marks

Sem. Paper Int. Asstt. Pass Percentage

I INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 35 26 09 35%II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 35 26 09 35%III PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 35 26 09 35%I PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY-I 45 16 (Pass Marks) 35%

B.Sc.-II (Chemistry) 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21CHEMISTRY

SEM-III

PAPER-IINORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Max Marks : 35 30 hoursSemester Paper : 26 Time allowed - 3 hrsInternal Assessment: 9 3 period/weekPass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERThe question paper will consist of three sections: A, B and C. Sections A and

B will have four questions each from the respective section of the syllabus and will carry 4 marks each. Section C will consist of 5 short answer questions that will cover the entire syllabus and will be of 2 marks each. Use of scientific non-programmable calculator is allowed.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt five questions selecting two questions from

each of A & B Sections and Section C 9th question being compulsory.

SECTION-A

I. Chemistry of Elements of First Transition SeriesCharacteristic properties of d-block elements. Properties of the elements of the

first transition series, their simple compounds and complexes illustrating relative stability of their oxidation states, coordination number and geometry. (10 Hrs.)


II. Chemistry of Lanthanide Elements Electronic structure, oxidation states and ionic radii and lanthanide contraction,

complex formation, occurrence and isolation of lanthanide compounds. (5 Hrs.)

SECTION-B

Ill. Chemistry of Elements of Second and Third Transition Series General characteristics, comparative treatment with their 3d-analogues in

respect of ionic radii, oxidation states. Magnetic behaviour, spectral properties & stereochemistry (10 Hrs.)IV. Chemistry of Actinides Elements

General features and chemistry of actinides, chemistry of separation of Np, Pu and Am from U, similarities between the later actinides and the later lanthanides.

(5 Hrs.)

CHEMISTRYSEM-III

PAPER II : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY






Section - AI. Alcohols Classification and nomenclature.

Monohydric Alcohols-nomenclature, methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes, ketone, carboxylic acids and esters. Hydrogen bonding, Acidic nature, Reactions of alcohols.

Dihydric alcohols-nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions of vicinal glycols-nomenclature, methods of formation chemical reaction of vicinal glycols, oxidative cleavage with [Pb (OAc)4 and HIO4] and Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.

Trihydric alcohol-nomenclature, methods of formation and chemical reactions of


glycerol. (7 Hrs.)II.- Phenols

Nomenclature, structure and bonding. Preparation of Phenols, physical properties and acidic character. Comparative acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols, resonanace stabilization of phenoxide ion. Reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic subsititution, acylation and carboxylation Mechanisms of Fries rearrangement. Gatterman synthesis, Hauben. Hostch reaction. Lederer-Mianasse reaction and Reimer-Tiemann reaction. (8 Hrs.)

Section - BIII. Aldehydes and Ketones

Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group, Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of aldehyes and ketones using 1,3- dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitrites and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties and Mechanism of nucleophillic addition to carbonyl group with particular emphasis ofBenzoin, Aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel condensations, Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives, Wittig reaction, and Mannich reaction.

Use of acetals as protecting group. Oxidation of aldehydes, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones, Cannizzaro reaction, MPV (Meerwein Pondoroff Vorley) reaction, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4 reductions. Halogenation of enolizable ketones.

An Introduction to , unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, Michael addition. (15 Hrs.)

CHEMISTRYSEM-III

PAPER III : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY






Section - A


I. Thermodynamics-I Definition of thermodynamics terms: system, surroundings. Types of systems,

intensive and extensive properties. State and path functions and their differentials, Thermodynamic processes, Concept of heat and work, elementary idea of thermochemistry.

First Law of Thermodynamics : statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacity, heat capacities at constant volume and pressure and their relationship. Joule's law. Joule Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature, Calculation of w, q, dU & dH for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible process.

(10 Hrs.)II. Thermodynamics-II- (Part-a)

Second law of thermodynamics: need for the law, different statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature. (5 Hrs.)

SECTION-BIII. Thermodynamics-II- (Part-b)

Concept of entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V & T, entropy as a function of P & T, entropy change in physical change, Clausius inequality, entropy as a criterion of spontaneity and equilibrium. Entropy change in ideal gases mixing of gases. (5 Hrs.)

IV. Thermodynamics-III Third law of thermodynamics, Nernst heat theorem, statement and concept of

residual entropy, evaluation of absolute entropy from heat capacity data, Gibbs and Helmholtz functions; Gibbs function (G) and Helmhotz function (A) as thermodynamic quantities. A & G as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity, their advantage over entropy change. Variation of G and A with P, V and T. (5 Hrs.)

V. Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium constant and free energy, Thermodynamic derivation of law of mass

action. Le Chatelier's principle. Reaction isotherm and reaction isochore-Clapeyron equation and Clausius-Claperyron

equation. (5 Hrs.)

B.Sc.-IIPRACTICALS CHEMISTRY-I

Sem.-III

Max. Marks: 45 6 Periods/week Time: 4 Hrs.Pass Percentage: 35%

Volumetric Analysis and TLC Volumetric Analysis

(a) Determination of acetic acid in commercial vinegar using NaOH,


Alkalinity of water sample. (b) Determination of alkaline content of antacid. (c) Estimation of calcium content in chalk as calcium oxalate by permanganometry . (d) Estimation of hardness of water by EDT A. (e) Estimation of ferrous and ferric by dichromate method. (f) Estimation of copper using sodium thiosulphate.

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techniques

Thin Layer Chromatography Determination of Rf values of different components. (a) Separation of green leaf pigments (spinach leaves may be used)(b) Preparation and separation of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of acetone, benzophenone and cyclohexanone using toluene and light petroleum mixture (40 : 60). (c) Separation of a mixture of dyes.

PRACTICALS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXAMINERS AND CANDIDATESThe practical examination will be held in single session (morning/evening).

Candidates are required to perform practicals from volumetric Analysis and TLC. Distribution of marks will be as under (Books may be consulted): (1) Volumetry analysis = 20 marks

{Initial write up 7 marks (Volumetry; equation:1, Indicator:1, end point:1 and general

calculations:4) Performance and results 13 marks (initial burette reading:2, final reading:2, end point:2 calculations and result:7)}

(2) TLC = 10 marks (Performance and result)(3) Viva-Voce = 10 marks (4) Note Books = 5 marks

Total = 45 marks


CHEMISTRYSEM-IV

PAPER I : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY






Section - AI. Coordination Compounds

Werner's coordination theory and its experimental verification, effective atomic number concept, chelates, nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds, valence bond theory of transition metal complexes. (10 Hrs.)

II. Oxidation and Reduction Use of redox potential data-analysis of redox cycle, redox stability of water-

Frost, Latimer and Pourbaix diagrams. Principles involved in the extraction of the elements. (5 Hrs.)

Section - BIII. Acids and Bases

Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, the Lux-Flood solvent system and Lewis concepts of acids and bases. (7Hrs.)

IV. Non-aqueous Solvents Physical properties of a solvent, types of solvents and their general

characteristics, reaction in non-aqueous solvents with reference to liquid NH3 and liquid SO2 (8 Hrs.)


CHEMISTRYSEM-IV

PAPER II : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY






Section - AI. Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, structure and bonding. physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids, effects of substituents on acid strength. Preparation of carboxylic acids, Reactions of amides, Reactions of carboxylic acids, Mechanism of decarboxylation.

Methods of formation and chemical reactions of Halo acids and Hydroxyacids. Maleic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid. (Structural Formula only).

Methods of formation and chemical reaction of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. Dicaboxylic acids, methods of formation and effect of heat and dehydrating agents. (10 Hrs.)

II. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure and nomenclature of acid chlorides, esters. amides and acid anhydrides. Relative stability and reactivity of acyl derivatives.

Physical properties, interconversion of acid derivatives by nucleophillic acyl substitution.

Preparation of carboxylic derivatives, chemical reactions, Mechanism of esterfication and hydrolysis (acidic and Basic). (5 Hrs.)

SECTION-B

III. Ethers and Epoxides Nomenclature of ethers and methods of their formation, physical properties,

Chemical reactions-cleavage and autooxidation, Ziesel' s Method. Synthesis of epoxides, acid and base catalysed ring opening of epoxide,

orientation of ring opening reactions of Gringard and organolithium reagents with epoxide. (3 Hrs.)


IV. Fats, Oils and Detergents Natural fats, edible and industrial oils of vegetable origin, common fatty acids,

glycerides, hydrogenation of unsaturated oils. Saponification value, iodine value, acid value. Soaps, synthetic detergents, alkyl and aryl sulphonates. (3 Hrs.)

V. Organic Compounds of Nitrogen a) Nitro Compounds

Preparation of nitroalkanes and nitroarenes. Chemical reactions of nitroalkanes. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in nitroarenes and their reactions in acidic, neutral and alkaline media, Picric acid. (4 Hrs.)b) Amines

Reactivity, structure and nomenclature of amines, physical properties. Stereochemistry of amines. Separation of mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Structural features affecting the basicity of amines. Amine salts as phase-transfer catalyst and preparation of alkyl and aryl amines (reduction of nitro compounds and nitriles), reductive amination of aldehydic and ketonic compounds Gabriel-phthalimide reaction, Hoffmann bromamide reaction. (5 Hrs.)

CHEMISTRYSEM-IV

PAPER III : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY






Section - AI. Phase Equilibrium

Statement and meaning of the terms-phase, component and degree of freedom, derivation of Gibbs phase rule; phase equilibria of one component system-water and S systems.

Phase equilibria of two component systems-solid-liquid equilibria, simple eutectic Pb-Ag sytems, desilverisation of lead.

Solid Solutions-compound formation with congruent melting point (Mg-Zn) and incongruent melting point, (NaCI-H2O), (FeCI3H2O) systems. Freezing mixtures,


acetone-dry ice. Partially miscible liquids: Lower and upper consolute temperature, Effect of impurity on consolute temperature. Immiscible liquids, steam distillation. Nernst distribution law, thermodynamic derivation & applications. (10 Hrs.)II. Electrochemistry-l (a)

Electrical transport-conduction in metals and in electrolyte solutions, specific conductance and equivalent conductance with dilution.

Migration of ions and Kohlrausch law. Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation and its limitations, weak and strong electrolytes, Ostwald's dilution law, its uses and limitations. Debye-Huckel-Onsagar's equation for strong electrolytes (elemental treatment only). (5 Hrs.)

SECTION-B

III. Electrochemistry-I (b)Transport number, definition and determination by Hittorf method and moving

boundary method. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of dissociation, determination of Ka of acids, determination of solubility product of a sparingly soluble salts, conductometric titrations. (5 Hrs.)

IV. Electrochemistry-II Types of reversible electrodes--gas-metal ion, metal-metal ion, metal-insoluble

salt-anion and redox electrodes. Electrode reactions, Nernst equation, derivation of cell E.M.F. and single electrode potential, standard hydrogen electrode-reference electrodes-standard electrode. potential, sign conventions, electrochemical series and its significance.

Electrolyte and Galvanic cells-reversible and irreversible cells, conventional representation of electrochemical cells. EMF of a cell and its measurements, Computation of cell EMF. Calculation of thermodynamic quantities of cell reaction (G, H and K), polarization, over potential and hydrogen over voltage.

Concentration cell with and without transport, liquid junction potential, application of concentration cells, valency of ions, solubility product and activity coefficient potentiometric titrations.

Definition of pH and pK., determination of pH using hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass electrodes, by potentiomentric methods.

Buffers--mechanism of buffer action, Henderson-Hazel equation, Hydrolysis of saits, Corrosion-types, theories and methods of combating it. (10 Hrs.)

B.Sc.-IIPRACTICALS CHEMISTRY-II

Sem.-IV

Max. Marks: 45 6 Periods/weekTime: 4 Hrs.Pass marks: 35%

Qualitative Analysis Detection of elements (N, S and halogens) and functional groups (phenolic,

carboxylic, carbonyl, esters, carbohydrates, amines, amides, nitro and anilide) in


simple organic compounds. Physical Chemistry

1. To determine the solubility of benzoic acid at different temperatures and to determine H of the dissolution process.

2. To determine the enthalpy of neutralisation of a weak acid/weak base versus strong base/strong acid and determine the enthalpy of ionisation of the weak acid/weak base.

3. To determine the enthalpy of solution of solid calcium chloride.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXAMINERS AND CANDIDATESThe practical examination will be held in single session (morning/evening).

Candidates are required to perform practicals from Qualitative Organic Analysis and Physical Chemistry Experiments. Distribution of marks will be as under (Books may be consulted):

(1) Organic Qualitative Analysis = 15 marks (Detection of elements identification and confirmation of functional group by 2 confirmatory tests.)

(2) Physical Chemistry Experiment = 15 marks{Initial Write up 5 marks (Theory/principle:1, Procedure:2, General Calculations:2 )Performance and result: 10 marks (Full credit up to 10% error)}

(3) Viva-Voce = 10 marks(4) Note Books = 5 marks

Total = 45 marks

BOOKS SUGGESTED (THEORY COURSES)

1.Basic Inorganic Chemistry. F.A. Cotten. G. Wilkinson and P.L.. Gaus. Wiley. 2.Concise Inorganic Chemistry. 1.D. Lee. ELBS. 3.Concepts of Models of Inorganic Chemistry. B. Doaglas. D. McDaniel and 1. Alexander, John Wiley. 4.Inorganic Chemistry. D.E. Shriver, P. W. Aikins and C.H. Langford. <Oxford. 5.Inorganic Chemistry. W. W. Porterfield Addison. Wesley. 6.Inorganic Chemistry. A.G. Sharpe, ELBS. 7.Inorganic Chemistry. G.L. Miessler and O.A. Tarr, Prentice Hall. 8.Organic Chemistry. Morrison and Boyd, Prentice Hall. 9.Organic Chemistry. L.G. Wade lr.Prentice Hall. 10.Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. Solomons, John Wiley. 11.Organic Chemistry. Vol. I, II & III. S.M. Mukherji, S.P. Singh and R.P. Kapoor, Wiley Eastern Ltd. (New Age International) 12.Organic Chemistry. F.A. Aarey, McGraw Hill India. 13.Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Stretwieser, Heathcock and Kosover, Machmilan. 14.Physical Chemistry. G.M. Barrow, International Student Edition. McGraw Hill. 15.Basic Programming with Application. V.K. Jain, 1'ata McGraw Hill. 16.Computers and Common. Sense. B. Ryal and Shely, Prentice Hall.


17.University General Chemistry. C.N.B. Rao. Macmillan. 18.Physical Chemistry. R.A. Alberty, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 19.The Elements of Physical Chemistry, P.w. Aikins, Oxford. 20.Physical Chemistry Through Problems. S.K. Dogra and S. Dogra. Wiley Eastern Ltd.

SYLLABUSB.Sc. (Zoology) Part-II (Semester-III and IV)

(Session 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21)

Semester-IIITHEORY


Paper-I : Chordates-I 40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)

Paper-II : Chordates-II & Evolution

40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)

PRACTICALPertaining to Theory Paper-I andTheory Paper-II: 40

Total Marks (Semester-III)Theory 80 MarksPractical 40 MarksInternal Assessment pertaining to Theory Paper I & II 30 Marks

Total : 150 Marks

Semester-IVTHEORY


Paper-I : Biochemistry 40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)Paper-II : Animal Physiology 40 15 (Attendance: 3 + Assignment: 6 + House Test 6)

PRACTICALPertaining to Theory Paper-I andTheory Paper-II : 40

Total Marks (Semester-IV)Theory 80 MarksPractical 40 MarksInternal Assessment pertaining to Theory Paper I & II 30 Marks

Total : 150 Marks

Note: 1) The number of teaching hours per week will be three for each theory paper and three

for each practical in every semester. In all, there will be 12 teaching hours per week covering both theory and practical requirements. (Six teaching hours for theory and Six teaching hours for practical per week)

2) There will be one Practical paper of 3 hours pertaining to the theory papers I & II in each semester. The timing of practical examination will be 9.00 am to 12.00 noon.

2

SEMESTER - IIIPAPER I –CHORDATES-I






SECTION-A

1. Chordates : General Characters and Echinoderm Theory of Origin2. Protochordates: a) Urochordata Type study-Herdmania.

b) Cephalochordata—Type study-Amphioxus.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Herdmania, Molgula, Pyrosoma, Dolilum, Salpa, Oikopleura

and Amphioxus.

3. Cyclostomata : a) External Characters of Petromyzon. b) Affinities of Cyclostomata.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Myxine, Petromyzon and Ammocoetus Larva.

SECTION-B4. Pisces : a) Type study : Labeo.

b) Types of Scales, Migration and Parental Care in fishes.c) Classification of following animals upto orders

i. Chondrichthyes : Zygaena, Pristis, Narcine, Trygon, Rhinobatus and Chimaera.

ii. Actinopterygii : Polypterus, Acipenser, Lepidosteus, Muraena, Mystus, Catla, Hippocampus, Syngnathus, Exocoetus, Anabas, Diodon, Tetradon, Echeneis and Solea.

iii. Dipnusti (Dipnoi) : Protopterus (lung-fish).

5. Amphibia : a) Type study –Frog. b) Parental Care.c) Classification of animals upto orders

Uraeotyphlus, Necturus, Amphiuma, Amblystoma, Triton, Salamandra, Hyla, Rhacophorus.

3

PAPAR-II : Chordates-II & EVOLUTION Max. Marks: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hoursPass marks: 35% Lectures to be delivered: 45Theory-40 (Each of 45 minutes duration)Internal Assessment : 15



INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the

entire section C, which is compulsory.

1. Reptilia : a) Type study—Uromastix.b) Poison apparatus in snakes.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Chelone, Testudo, Hemidactylus, Calotes, Draco, Varanus, Phrynosoma, Chamaeleon, Typhlops, Python, Eryx, Bungarus, Naja, Hydrus, Viper, Crocodilus, Gavialis and Alligator.

3. Aves : a) Type study—Pigeon.b) Flight adaption.c) Classification of following animals upto orders Ardea, Milvus, Pavo, Tyto, Alcedo, Eudynamis and

Casuarius.

4. Mammals : a) Type study—Rat.b) Dentition in Mammals.c) Classification of following animals up to ordersOrnithorhynchus, Echidna, Didelphys, Macropus, Loris, Macaca, Manis, Hystrix, Funambulus,Panthera, Canis, Herpestes, Capra, Pteropus.

5. Organic Evolution:i) Origin of lifeii) Evidences of organic evolution.iii) Theories of organic evolution.iv) Biological species concept.v) Evolution of man.

4

PRACTICAL SYLLABUSPAPER –SEMESTER III

I.Classification up to orders, excepting Pisces and Aves where classification up to subclasses only is required, habits, habitats, external characters and economic importance (if any) of the following animals:

1. Urochordata : Herdmania, Molgula, Pyrosoma, Dolilum, Salpa and Oikopleura.

2. Cephalochordata: Amphioxus.3. Chondrichthyes : Zygaena (Hammer headed shark), Pristis (saw fish), Narcine

(Electric ray), Trygon, Rhinobatus and Chimaera (Rabbit fish).4. Actinopterygii : Polypterus, Acipenser, Lepidosteus, Muraena, Mystus, Catla,

Hippocampus, Syngnathus, Exocoetus, Anabas, Diodon, Tetradon, Echeneis and Solea.

5. Dipnusti (Dipnoi) : Protopterus (African lung fish).6. Amphibia : Uraeotyphlus, Necturus, Amphiuma, Amblystoma and its

Axolotl Larva, Triton, Salamandra, Hyla and Rhacophorus.7. Reptilia : Hemidactylus, Calotes, Draco, Varanus, Phrynosoma,

Chamaeleon, Typhlops, Python, Eryx, Ptyas, Bungarus, Naja, Hydrus, Viper, Crocodilus, Gavialis, Chelone (Turtle) and Testudo (Tortoise).

8. Aves : Ardea, Anas, Milvus, Pavo, Tyto, Alcedo, Eudynamis and Casuarius.

9. Mammalia : Ornithorhynchus, Echidna, Didelphys, Macropus, Loris, Macaca, Manis, Hystrix, Funambulus,Panthera, Canis, Herpestes and Pteropus.

2. Demonstration with the help of software:1. Herdmania : General anatomy.2. Labeo Digestive systems, reproductive systems and cranial nerves.3. Chick : Digestive, arterial, venous and urinogential systems.4. White Rat : Digestive, arterial, venous and urinogential systems.

3. Make temporary preparation of following :1. Temporary preparation of spicules of Herdmania.2. Permanent preparation of whole mount of pharynx of Herdmania and

Amphioxus, placoid scales of Scoliodon.

4. Study of following prepared slides : T.S. Amphioxus through various regions. Spicules, pharynx of Herdmania and pharynx of Amphioxus. Histology of rat/rabbit (Compound tissues).

5






1. Museum Specimens from Phylum Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Dipnusti(Dipnoi), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia. 3 specimens to be set for identification, classification and morphological note. 15



4. Excursion note 5

5. Viva-voce 5


6

SEMESTER - IV

PAPER-I : BIOCHEMISTRY






SECTION-A

BIOCHEMISTRY 1. Biochemistry and its scope; Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids. 2. Nucleic Acids : their classification and functions.3. Enzymes : Nature, their classification and coenzymes.

SECTION-B

4. Carbohydrate Metabolism : The Embden Meyerhof, Parnas Pathway (Glycolysis), the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the hexose monophosphate shunt, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

5. Lipid Metabolism : β-oxidation of fatty acids, fate of glycerol and gluconeogenesis, interaction of carbohydrates and lipids, lipogenesis in tissues, ketosis.

6. Protein Metabolism : Metabolism of amino acids (Oxidative deamination, transamination and decarboxylation) hydrolysis of protein and ornithine cycle.

7

PAPER-II : ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYMax. Marks: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hoursPass marks: 35% Lectures to be delivered: 45Theory-40 (Each of 45 minutes duration)Internal Assessment : 15





SECTION-A

1. Digestion : Digestion of dietary constituents, regulation of digestive processes and absorption, types of nutrition, feeding mechanism, extra and intra cellular digestion, enzymatic digestion and symbiotic digestion.

2. Blood : Composition and functions of blood and lymph, molecular structure and function of haemoglobin, blood clotting, blood groups including Rh-factor, haemostasis and haemopoiesis.

3. Heart : Origin and regulation of heart beat, cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram, cardiac output, blood flow and its regulation, blood pressure and micro-circulation.

SECTION-B

4. Respiration : Transport of O2 and CO2, Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin, Bohr effect, chloride shift, Haldane effect and control of breathing.

5. Excretion : Urine formation and osmoregulation.6. Muscles : Ultrastructure, chemical and physiological basis of skeletal

muscle contraction.7. Neural Integration: Structure of Neuron, resting membrane potential, origin and

propagation of impulse along the axon, synapse and myoneural junction.

8. Endocrine : Structure and physiology of thyroid; Parathyroid, adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary, pancreas and gonads.

8

PRACTICAL SYLLABUSPAPER – SEMESTER - IV

1. Identification of food stuffs : starch, glucose, proteins and fats in a given solution.

2. Demonstration of osmosis and diffusion.3. Demonstration of presence of amylase in saliva, denaturation with change of

pH and temperature.4. Analysis of urine for urea and glucose.5. Determination of coagulation and bleeding time of blood in man/rat/rabbit.6. Determination of blood groups of human blood sample.7. Recording of blood pressure of man.8. Estimation of haemoglobin content.9. Study of TLC and DLC.10. Preparation and study of human blood smear.11. Preparation of permanent mount of striated muscles.12. Preparation of permanent mount of mylienated nerve fibre.13. Field study : Visit to a clinical lab.14. Study of skeleton of Scoliodon Rana Varanus Gallus and Oryctolagus

(Rabbit)






1. Museum Specimens from Phylum Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata to Hemichordata. 3 specimens to be set for identification, classification and morphological note. 15



4. Excursion note 5

9

5. Viva-voce 5


B.Sc. Part-II (ENGLISH) SEMESTER -III

(For Sessions 2018-2019, 2019-2020 & 2020-2021)

Teaching Hours : Theory : 3 Hrs., Tutorials : 2 Hrs.Time Allowed : 3 Hrs. Maximum Marks : 75

Pass Marks : 35%

COURSE CONTENTThe course content of this paper shall comprise the following books :1. Perspectives: Selections from Modern English Prose and Fiction, edited by S.A.

Vasudevan and M. Sathya Babu, Published by Orient Longman.2. Six One-Act Plays, edited by Maurice Stanford, Published by Orient Longman.

TESTINGThe paper shall have two sections. Section-A shall comprise testing from Perspectives

while Section-B from Six One-Act Plays.

SECTION - A : PERSPECTIVESQ.1 (Based on the section entitled "Prose", comprising chapters I to VI)

(a) One essay-type question with internal alternative. The answer should not exceed 250 words. 10 Marks

(b) Five short-answer questions to be attempted out of seven. Each answer should be written in 25 to 30 words.

5×2=10 MarksQ.2 (Based on the section entitled "Fiction", comprising chapter VII to IX)

(a) One essay type question with internal alternative on character/theme and incident/episode. The answer should not exceed 250 words.

10 Marks(b) There will be one short answer question from each of the three stories. The

candidate shall be required to attempt any two. Each answer should be written in 25 to 30 words.

2×2½=5 MarksQ.3 (Based on the section entitled "Biographies", comprising chapter X to XII)

(a) One essay type question with internal alternative. The answer should not exceed 250 words. 10 Marks

(b) There will be one short answer question from each chapter. The candidate shall be required to attempt any two. Each answer should be written in 25 to 30 words.

2×2½=5 MarksSECTION – B : SIX ONE-ACT PLAYS

Q.4 (a) One essay type question on character, incident/episode or theme with internal alternative. The answer should not exceed 250 words.

15 Marks(b) Five short-answer questions to be attempted out of seven. Each answer should

be written in 25 to 30 words.5×2=10 Marks

2

B.Sc. Part-II (ENGLISH)SEMESTER -IV

(For Sessions 2018-2019, 2019-2020 & 2020-2021)

Teaching Hours : Theory : 3 Hrs., Tutorials : 2 Hrs.Time Allowed : 3 Hrs.

Maximum Marks : 75Pass Marks : 35%

COURSE CONTENTThe course content of this paper shall comprise composition, comprehension,

translation and grammar.

TESTINGThe paper shall have two sections. Section-A shall test the candidate's skills in

composition, comprehension and translation. Section-B shall test his/her skills in grammar.

SECTION - AQ.1 An essay of 300-350 words on a topical or reflective subject (one to be attempted out

of the five given).15 Marks

Q.2 Letter-Writing with internal choice between personal and official letters.10 Marks

Q.3 Precis10 Marks

Q.4 Comprehension of an unseen passage10 Marks

Q.5 Translation of a given passage from Punjabi/Hindi into English.05 Marks

SECTION – BQ.6 (a) Analysis of sentences : Converting simple sentences into complex and

compound ones and identifying adverb clause, noun clause and adjective clause in the given sentences.

05 Marks(b) Synthesis of sentences : (i) Combining two simple sentences into a single

simple sentence by using a participle, an infinitive, a noun or phrase in apposition, too/enough + adjective/adverb + infinitive and the bare infinitive. (ii) Combining simple sentences into complex ones by using a noun clause, adjective clause or an adverb clause. (iii) Combining simple sentences into compound ones by using conjunctions such as 'and', 'as well as', 'not only.... but also' or 'either... or' 'neither....nor', 'but yet', 'nevertheless', 'so', 'therefore', for etc.

10 Marks(c) Transformation of sentences. (i) Transformation of degree, i.e., from positive

to comparative degree and positive to superlative degree. (ii) Transformation of kinds of statements, i.e. from rhetorical or interrogative into assertive statements, from affirmative into negative sentences and from statement into

3

exclamatory sentences. (ii) Transformation from active into passive voice and vice-versa and from direct speech into indirect speech and vice-versa.

10 MarksNote : In part (a) of Q. No. 6, the paper-setter shall set 8 sentences out of which the

students shall have to attempt any 5. In part (b) and (c), a total of 15 sentences each shall be set out of which the students shall have to attempt any 10 in each part.

RECOMMENDED BOOKThe students are free to use any book. The following book is however recommended :Current English Grammar and Usage with Composition by R.P. Sinha, Oxford University Press.

All UG Courses - II Year(Annual & 4th Semester)Environmental and Road Safety Awareness

Session: 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21

Total Marks : 100 Max Time: 3 hrs.Theory : 70 marks Lectures per week 5Internal Assessment: 30 Credits: 04

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERSThe question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus. Each question shall carry 11 marks. Section C will consist of 13 short answer type questions of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt any two questions from each section A and B. Section C is compulsory.

PRIVATE/DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDENTS

Max Marks: 100 Max Time: 3hrs.Lectures per week 5

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus. Each question shall carry 15 marks. Section C will consist of 20 short answer type questions of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt any two questions from each section A and B. Section C is compulsory.

SECTION-AINTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:

The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. Definition, scope and importanceConcept of Biosphere – Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere. (Hours -2)

ECOSYSTEM & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONEcosystem and its components, Types of EcosystemsBiodiversity - Definition and Value, Threats to biodiversity and its conservation Level of biological diversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; bio-geographic zones of India; biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots.India as Mega-biodiversity nation; Endangered and endemic species of India.Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic and informational value.

(Hours -6)

NATURAL RESOURCES–RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE RESOURCESLand resources and land use change; land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.Deforestation: causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment, Forests, Biodiversity and tribal populations.Water: Use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water, Floods, droughts, conflicts over water (international & inter-state)Energy resources: renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, growing energy needs, case studies.

(Hours -8)Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution : types, causes, effects and controls; Air, Water, Soil and noise pollution. Nuclear hazards and human health risks Solid waste management, Source Segregations : Control measures of urban and Industrial waste. Pollution case studies.

(Hours -6)

SECTION-B

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAWS IN INDIAEnvironmental protection act for; Air (Prevention and control of pollution), Water (Prevention and Control of pollution), Wild life, Forest Conservation, Issues involved in the enforcement of environmental legislation.Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.Environmental policies & Practices; Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and imapcts on human communities and agriculture.

(Hours -5)

Human Communities and the EnvironmentHuman population growth: Impacts on environment, human health and welfare, Sanitation & Hygiene. Resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected persons; case studies. Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclones and landslides. Environment movements: Chipko, Silent valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan. Environmental ethics: Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in environmental conservation for a Clean-green pollution free state.Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies (e.g., CNG vehicles in Delhi)

(Hours -5)

ROAD SAFETY AWARENESSConcept and significance of Road safety, Traffic signs, Traffic rules, Traffic Offences and penalties, How to obtain license, Role of first aid in Road Safety.

(Hours -5)Stubble Burning Meaning of Stubble burning.Impact on health & environment.Management and alternative uses of crop stubble.Environmental Legislations and Policies for Restriction of Agriculture Residue Burning in Punjab.

(Hours -8)Field WorkVisit to an area to document environmental assets: river/Forest/Flora/Fauna, etc.Visit to Local polluted site –urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.Study of common Plants, Insects, Birds and basic principles of identification.Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, Delhi Ridge, etc.

(Hours -5)

Suggested Readings :1. Carson, R.2002. Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.2. Gadgil. M., & Guha,R.1993. This Fissured Land : An Ecological History of India.

Univ. of California Press.3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N.(eds.)1999. Global Ethics and Environment, London,

Routledge.4. Gleick,P.H.1993. Water in Crisis.Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev. Environment &

Security. Stockholam Env. Institute, Oxford Univ. Press.5. Groom, Martha J., Gary K. Meffe, and Carl Ronald Carroll. Principles of

Conservation Biology. Sunderland : Sinauer Associates, 2006.6. Grumbine, R. Edward, and Pandit, M.K. 2013. Threats from India's Himalays dams.

Science,339:36-37.7. McCully,P.1996. Rivers no more: the environmental effects of dams (pp.29-64). Zed

Books.8. McNeill, John R. 2000. Something New Under the Sun : An Environmental History

of the Twentieth Century.9. Odum, E.P., H.T & Andrews, J.1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia :

Saunders.10. Pepper, I.L., Gerba ,C.P & Brusseau, M.L. 2011. Environmental and Pollution

Sciences. Academic Press.11. Rao, M.N. & Datta, A.K.1987. Waste Water Treatment. Oxford and IBH Publishing

Co. Pvt.Ltd.12. Raven, P.H., Hassenzahl, D.M. & Berg, L.R.2012,Environment. 8Th edition. John

Wiles & Sons.13. Rosencranz, A., Divan, S., & Nobie, M.L. 2001. Environmental law and policy in

India. Tripathi 199214. Sengupta, R. 2003. Ecology and economics: An approach to sustainable development.

OUP.15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. 2014. Ecology, Environmental Science and

Conservation. S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.16. Sodhi, N.S. Gibson, L. & Raven, P.H. (eds). 2013. Conservation Biology: Voices

from the Tropics. John Wiley & Sons.17. Thapar, V. 1998. Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent.18. Warren, C.E. 1971. Biology and Water Pollution Control. WB Saunders.19. Wilson, E.O. 2006. The Creation: An appeal to save life on earth. New York: Norton.20. World commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future.

Oxford University Press.

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