sydney metro, city & southwest archaeological method statement for waterloo … ·...

AMBS Ecology & Heritage

www.ambs.com.au [email protected] 02 9518 4489

Sydney Metro, City & Southwest Archaeological Method Statement for Waterloo Station

Prepared by AMBS Ecology & Heritage for John Holland CPB Ghella Joint Venture

FINAL

November 2017 AMBS Reference: 16314

http://www.ambs.consulting/

mailto:[email protected]


AMBS Ecology & Heritage II

Document Information

Citation: AMBS Ecology & Heritage 2017, Sydney Metro, City & Southwest Archaeological Method Statement for Waterloo Station. Consultancy report to John Holland CPB Ghella Joint Venture.

AMBS Ref: 16314 Waterloo AMS

Versions: Version 1: First Draft Report issued November 2017 Version 2: Final Report issued November 2017

Recipient:

Robert Muir Senior Environment Coordinator

Tunnel and Station Excavation Works Sydney Metro City & Southwest

Approved by: Jennie Lindbergh AMBS Director Historic Heritage


AMBS Ecology & Heritage III

Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Waterloo Station .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Sydney Metro Historical Archaeological Assessment and Research Design Report .............. 2 1.3 Methodology & Authorship ................................................................................................... 2

2 Constructing Waterloo Station ........................................................................... 6

3 Historic Context ................................................................................................. 8 3.1 Development of the Waterloo Area ...................................................................................... 8 3.2 Development of Part of the Waterloo Estate ...................................................................... 11

3.2.1 William Powell .............................................................................................................. 11 3.2.2 William West ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.3 John Smith Glover ......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.4 George Bolt, Charles Barry John Phypers and Richard Puckeridge .............................. 13 3.2.5 Joseph Sawyer .............................................................................................................. 13 3.2.6 James Hill, Joseph Hinchcliffe, Charles Coulson and John Abbott ................................ 14 3.2.7 Waterloo Congregational Church ................................................................................. 14 3.2.8 From James Templeton’s Lease to John Isaac Holbrow’s Lease on Buckland Street .... 15

3.3 Development in the Later Nineteenth Century ................................................................... 16

4 Artefact Heritage: Assessment of Archaeological Potential ................................ 22

5 AMBS Updated Analysis of Archaeological Potential .......................................... 24 5.1 Archaeological Excavations in the Local Area ...................................................................... 24

5.1.1 Chubb Factory at 830-838 Elizabeth Street, Waterloo ................................................. 24 5.1.2 31 Cope Street, Redfern ................................................................................................ 25 5.1.3 Redfern RSL Club at 157-159 Redfern Street ................................................................ 25 5.1.4 CSR Site, Pyrmont ......................................................................................................... 25 5.1.5 14-28 Ultimo Road, Ultimo ........................................................................................... 26 5.1.6 Market City Development Paddy’s Market .................................................................. 28 5.1.7 209 Castlereagh Street Sydney ..................................................................................... 29

5.2 Integrity & Research Potential of the Resource................................................................... 31 5.3 Contamination Testing ......................................................................................................... 33 5.4 Archaeological Research Potential ...................................................................................... 36

6 Archaeological Significance ............................................................................... 38 6.1 AMBS Updated Assessment of Archaeological Significance ................................................ 38 6.2 Statement of Archaeological Significance ........................................................................... 40

7 Archaeological Method Statement .................................................................... 41 7.1 AMBS Research Questions ................................................................................................... 41 7.2 Archaeological Management ............................................................................................... 42

7.2.1 Heritage Induction ........................................................................................................ 42 7.2.2 Archaeological Testing & Monitoring ........................................................................... 43

7.3 Open Area Stratigraphic Excavation .................................................................................... 43 7.4 Archaeological Excavation and Sampling Strategy .............................................................. 44

7.4.1 The Station Box ............................................................................................................. 44 7.5 Unexpected Heritage Finds .................................................................................................. 45 7.6 Archaeological Relics Management Plan ............................................................................. 46 7.7 Post-Excavation Management ............................................................................................. 46

7.7.1 Artefact Management .................................................................................................. 46 7.7.2 Final Excavation Report ................................................................................................ 47

Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 49

Appendix A ............................................................................................................. 51

Land Titles Information & Block Plan ....................................................................... 51


AMBS Ecology & Heritage IV

Locations of Leases listed above within the Block bounded by Botany Road, Raglan, Botany and Buckland Streets .............................................................................................................................. 55

Appendix B ............................................................................................................. 56 Built History of the Waterloo Station Site from 1880. prepared by Charles Pickett ....................... 56 Botany Road .................................................................................................................................... 57 Cope Street / Botany Street ............................................................................................................ 65

Appendix C.............................................................................................................. 67 Tabulated synthesis of Rate Assessment & Sands Directory information ...................................... 67

Tables Table 4.1 Summary of potential archaeological remains at the Waterloo Station site ...................... 22 Table 5.1 Known pre-1880s buildings according to location. (Date of construction is not certain). .. 31 Table C.1 49–79 Botany Road ...................................................................................................... 68 Table C.2 81–121 Botany Road .................................................................................................... 76 Table C.3 Raglan Street & 53 – 85 Botany Street / 116 – 134 Cope Street .................................. 89 Table C.4 107 – 129 Botany Street / 112– 172 Cope Street ....................................................... 105

Figures Figure 1.1 Project overview with the Waterloo Station site circled (Sydney Metro Transport for NSW).

....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 1.2 Footprint of the Waterloo Station site bounded by Botany Road to the west and Raglan,

Buckland and Cope Streets to the north, east and south. ............................................................ 5 Figure 2.1 Elevations showing Stages 2 and 3 of the construction process. ........................................ 6 Figure 2.2 Layout plan of the Waterloo Station site showing the extent of works associated with

excavation for the station box. ...................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3.1 Undated Parish map of Alexandria, showing the extent of William Hutchinson’s grant and

that Botany Road has been formed. The approximate location of the Waterloo Railway Station site is arrowed (http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm#14066301.jp2)................................ 9

Figure 3.2 Old Botany Road continuation of Bourke St 1873, which must be to the south of the study area. Unsigned watercolour dated '26 May, 73' from a series titled Views of Sydney, 1862-1873 / Samuel Elyard (http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL650451&embedded=true&toolbar=false). .................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 3.3 Detail from an 1886 Parish map of Alexandria, showing the extensive network of swamps, creeks and dams within the vicinity of the study area (outlined in black) (http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm#14040602.jp2). ..................................................... 10

Figure 3.4 Hinchcliff’s Woolwashing Establishment at Waterloo established on Botany Road in 1848 (Australian Town and Country Journal Saturday 16 June 1877: 20). .......................................... 10

Figure 3.5 Detail of 1893 Sydney Water Plan showing the known built history (Sydney Water Archive Plan # PWDS1544-S44). ............................................................................................................... 16

Figure 3.6 1890 Higinbotham & Robinson Map of Waterloo. Parish of Alexandria with inset detail. Note that the Congregational Church and AIS Bank are the only structures identified within the study area. The Southern Main Outfall Sewer, completed in 1889, is shown and arrowed, and Hinchcliff’s Woolwash is also illustrated, and arrowed (http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-229915919/view). ....................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 3.7 Advertisement of W. Rising & Co. showroom, 107-117 Botany Road (Sun 24 February 1929:27). ..................................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 3.8 1949 aerial photograph of study area (left) and detail from the 1949-1972 City of Sydney Building Surveyor’s Detail Sheets (http://atlas.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/maps/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey-1949/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey1949-image-96/ and /city-of-sydney-building-surveyors-detail-sheets-1949-1972/city-of-sydney-building-surveyors-detail-sheets-1949-1972). .......................................................................................... 21


AMBS Ecology & Heritage V

Figure 4.1 Areas of archaeological potential and significance within the Waterloo Station site (Artefact 2016b: 288, Figure 10.14). ........................................................................................... 23

Figure 5.1 Aerial of the local Redfern / Waterloo area with the sites of archaeological investigations indicated (https://maps.six.nsw.gov.au). .................................................................................... 24

Figure 5.2 The CSR site in 1878 showing the density of housing with each archaeological area identified (Casey & Lowe 2000:48, Figure 2.1). ........................................................................... 26

Figure 5.3 View west across the natural sands and River red gum sections defining property boundaries. The surviving cottage is upper right. ....................................................................... 27

Figure 5.4 View of the intact foundations of one of the 1850s cottages. Scale is 1m. ....................... 27 Figure 5.5 View west of the remaining sandstone foundations of the 1874 terrace and one of the

associated paved yards. The reclamation fill above the remaining yard is yet to be removed (arrowed). .................................................................................................................................... 28

Figure 5.6 View north-east from Harris Street in c. 1940. The 1874 terrace row at 20-24 Ultimo Road is bracketed (Source: City of Sydney Archives, SRC 1339 File No. 039\039793). ........................ 28

Figure 5.7 Photograph of 141-149 Bathurst Street taken before the row was demolished in 1924 (City of Sydney Archives, Image 001-001324). .................................................................................... 29

Figure 5.8 View south across the 141-149 Bathurst Street foundations. The post holes define the walls of the 1813 public house, the concrete piers and wall ties with Bathurst House. Note the pattern of burnt roots (circled) (Australian Museum Consulting 2015:123, Figure 6.1). ........................ 30

Figure 5.9 View down to the two eastern-most Louisa Terrace houses. The remnant timber floor joists are arrowed (Australian Museum Consulting 2015:45, Figure 3.34). ......................................... 30

Figure 5.10 Photograph of a terrace row at 52-60 Foster Street, Surry Hills taken 15 June 1917. The terrace was likely built around the mid-nineteenth century and would be similar to the 1860s terraces within the study area (http://www.photosau.com.au/cos/scripts/ExtSearch.asp?SearchTerm=000916).................... 32

Figure 5.11 Examples of weatherboard and brick single storey cottages and a terrace row in Darlington, to the west of Redfern, which are of a similar date to the Waterloo dwellings. ..... 32

Figure 5.12 An example of a timber-lined cesspit, left, and a double sandstone block cesspit. ........ 33 Figure 5.13 Detail of plan of the Waterloo Station site showing locations of boreholes and test pits

(Douglas Partners Pty Ltd). .......................................................................................................... 34 Figure 5.14 TP10 exposed dry-pressed bricks and asbestos and was closed. .................................... 35 Figure 5.15 View west of TP08 and detail of sandstock brick with diamond frog. ............................. 35 Figure 5.16 View west of TP09 the exposed sandstone block and brick surface is butted to the west

by a firm dark deposit (left). View north across the site showing TP09 enclosed by protective fencing. ........................................................................................................................................ 35

Figure 5.17 The 1893 Sydney Water Plan overlain by the area boundaries and codes identified in the AARD. Houses known or likely to be pre-1870s are highlighted in red. Cesspits are highlighted in yellow. ......................................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 7.1 1893 Sydney Water plan overlain with the AARD Code Areas in teal and the western and northern boundaries of the station box in blue. The areas of archaeological sensitivity are those with some known history and are shaded in red, cesspits are shaded in yellow, and additional properties that may be archaeologically significant are shaded in blue. The three Excavation Stages are also indicated. ............................................................................................................ 48


AMBS Ecology & Heritage VI


AMBS Ecology & Heritage 1

1 Introduction

The Sydney Metro & City Southwest project is a 30km-long new rail system from Chatswood to Sydenham and includes a new crossing beneath Sydney Harbour, and new railway stations. The scope includes Tunnels and Station Excavation Works (TSE) and construction works associated with the following stations, dives and shafts (Figure 1.1):

• Chatswood

• Artarmon

• Crows Nest

• Victoria Cross (North Sydney)

• Blues Point

• Martin Place

• Barangaroo

• Pitt Street

• Waterloo

• Marrickville The Project was approved by the Minster for Planning on 9 January 2017 subject to a number of Conditions set out in Critical State Significant Infrastructure Sydney Metro & Southwest Chatswood to Sydenham Infrastructure Approval (Application no. SSI 15_7400) (Project Planning Approval). Tunnelling works will remove any historical archaeological remains that may be present at each of the sites. Documentation for the project includes a Non-Aboriginal Impact Assessment (EIS Technical Paper 4) and Sydney Metro Historical Archaeological Assessment and Research Design Report (AARD), both prepared by Artefact Heritage. Minister’s Condition of Approval (CoA) E17 refers to the pre-excavation reporting requirements prior to construction:

The Archaeological Assessment Research Design Report (AARD) in the PIR must be implemented. Final Archaeological Method Statements must be prepared in consultation with the Heritage Council of NSW (or its delegate) before commencement of archaeological excavation works. The final methodology must: (a) provide for the detailed analysis of any heritage items discovered during the investigations; (b) include detailed site specific archaeological management and artefact management strategies; (c) include cored soil samples for soil and pollen for the Pitt Street site within the Tank Stream Valley; and (d) provide for a sieving strategy.

John Holland CPB Ghella Joint Venture (JHCPBG) is undertaking the TSE works and has commissioned AMBS Ecology & Heritage (AMBS) to manage the heritage provisions for the project. This Archaeological Method Statement has been prepared in accordance with Condition E17 for the new station site at Waterloo.

1.1 Waterloo Station

The site for the new Waterloo Station is located within the City of Sydney Local Government Area (LGA), approximately 4km to the south of the Sydney CBD. The site is within an area bounded by Botany Road, Raglan, Cope and Buckland Streets (Figure 1.2). The Congregational Church Including Interior at 103-105 Botany Road is local heritage item 2069 on the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and is within the project boundary, but has



been isolated from the development. There are no other identified heritage items within the footprint of the station site and there are no identified archaeological sites recorded on the LEP within the project footprint, nor within its vicinity.

1.2 Sydney Metro Historical Archaeological Assessment and Research Design Report

The Sydney Metro Historical Archaeological Assessment and Research Design Report (AARD) prepared by Artefact Heritage (Artefact) provides an assessment of significance of the archaeological potential at the Waterloo site. The Statement of Archaeological Significance contained in the AARD is: Statement of Archaeological Significance

Archaeological remains associated with the former residential housing across the study area are unlikely to provide unique or important research resources. However, the potential for evidence of light industry and commercial activity from the 1880s to the early twentieth century may have research value and provide knowledge regarding technology, engineering and working life. The potential remains are associated with a rapid phase of suburban and industrial development in the area. Such archaeological remains would be locally significant under Criteria A and E.

Archaeological resources from the later commercial developments along Botany Road are well documented historically. These archaeological resources are also relatively common. They would not provide significant new information for research, and as such would not meet the threshold for local heritage significance. (Artefact 2016b: 284).

The AARD has identified the study area as having nil-low potential for archaeological resources from 1788-1880, and low-moderate potential for the remains of residential and commercial development from 1880-1930. The recommended management is to undertake a programme of archaeological testing and monitoring, followed by open area salvage excavation if significant archaeological resources are present (Artefact 2016b: 287).

1.3 Methodology & Authorship

This report is consistent with the principles and guidelines of the Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance 2013. It has been prepared in accordance with current best-practice guidelines as identified in the NSW Heritage Manual (1996), published by the Heritage Office and Department of Urban Affairs and Planning (now the Heritage Division, Office of Environment and Heritage), and associated supplementary publications, in particular Assessing Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and ‘Relics’ (2009). This Archaeological Method Statement (AMS) has also been prepared to respond to comments by the Secretary and Heritage Council in submissions on the EIS requiring that a revised and more detailed research design is prepared. This AMS also provides methodologies to manage the historical archaeology to ensure compliance with relevant Heritage Council guidelines and responds to the Minister’s CoAs E18, E19 and E20:

E18 Before excavation of archaeological management sites, the Proponent must nominate a suitably qualified Excavation Director who complies with the Heritage Council of NSW’s Criteria for Assessment of Excavation Directors (July 2011) to oversee and advise on matters associated with historic archaeology and advise the Department and OEH.



Where archaeological excavation is required, the Excavation Director must be present to oversee excavation and advise on archaeological issues. The Excavation Director must be given the authority to advise on the duration and extent of oversight required as informed by the provisions of the approved AARD and Excavation Methodology. A final archaeological report must be submitted to the Heritage Council of NSW within two (2) years of the completion of archaeological excavation on the project. The report must include information on the entire historical archaeological program relating to the CSSI.

Jennie Lindbergh and Kevin Hickson are the nominated Primary and Secondary Excavation Directors for this project. They comply with the Heritage Council guidelines and were identified in the Construction Heritage Management Plan (CHMP). Paragraph 3 identifies the need for a final report which will be completed and submitted in accordance with this CoA two years after the completion of the archaeological project.

E19 An Unexpected Heritage Finds Procedure must be prepared: (a) to manage unexpected heritage finds in accordance with any guidelines and standards prepared by the Heritage Council of NSW or OEH; and (b) by a suitably qualified and experienced heritage specialist. The procedure must be included in the AARD and must be implemented for the life of the project.

E20 In the event that potential archaeological relic/s are discovered unexpectedly during construction, which are not addressed in the relevant Archaeological Method Statement prepared in accordance with Condition E17, all work must cease in the affected area and the Excavation Director must be notified and attend the site to assess the find/s, identify their significance and provide mitigation advice according to the assessed significance and the impact proposed. If the relics are assessed as having local significance they will be managed in accordance with the approved AARD, relevant Archaeological Method Statement prepared in accordance with Condition E17 and Unexpected Finds Procedure required by Condition E19. The Secretary and the Heritage Council of NSW (or its delegate) must be notified of the discovery of any unexpected Relic. In the event that the unexpected relic is identified as being of State significance, the NSW Heritage Council must be notified in writing in accordance with section 146 of the Heritage Act 1977. An Archaeological Relic Management Plan must be prepared for the State Significant Relic in consultation with Heritage Council of NSW, which must outline all feasible and reasonable measures to be implemented to avoid and/or minimise harm to and/or salvage of the State Significant Relic. Construction in the vicinity of the discovery must not recommence until the written approval of the Excavation Director has been received. The proponent must notify the Secretary in writing of the outcome of consultation with the Heritage Council of NSW (if required).

This AMS identifies an appropriate strategy for managing any significant archaeological resource or relics at the Station site. The report has been prepared by Jennie Lindbergh, AMBS Director Historic Heritage, with assistance by Adam Pietrzak, AMBS Senior Archaeologist. The Historic Context in Section 2 has been informed by the information provided by Dr Terry Kass, Historian & Heritage Consultant (Appendix A) and Charles Pickett, Historian and Curator (Appendix B) who also provided the Rates Assessment information which has been synthesised with the Sands Directories information in Appendix C. Dr Mary Casey, Director Casey & Lowe Pty Ltd, reviewed this report for consistency and quality.



Figure 1.1 Project overview with the Waterloo Station site circled (Sydney Metro Transport for NSW).



Figure 1.2 Footprint of the Waterloo Station site bounded by Botany Road to the west and Raglan, Buckland and Cope Streets to the north, east and south.



2 Constructing Waterloo Station

Waterloo Station will cover an area of approximately 12,000 square metres and will be an open box construction with excavation for the station box along the eastern sector of the site (Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2). The station box will be excavated to a depth of approximately 25m to connect with the rail tunnel, requiring the removal of about 115,000 cubic metres of spoil. Site offices, workshops, water treatment facilities and storage areas would be established during construction on a temporary working platform constructed at street level over the open excavation area. The high water table at Waterloo is such that the station box shoring is a secant pile wall in the upper half of the box to maintain the existing upper water table level and not result in draw down of this water table. In addition, additional ground anchors will be installed in the shoring immediately behind the local heritage item, the Congregational Church at 103 Botany Road, to limit settlement at the wall to 15mm (which equates to approx. 5mm maximum settlement of the church). During construction, groundwater draw down and ground settlement will be monitored and if required, recharge spear points will be installed within the worksite in the event that lowering of the water table is noted. These works, if required, will be undertaken from within the TSE Worksite and will not directly impact on the curtilage of the Church. Due to geological ground conditions, ie sand and shale and methods of excavation adopted, an acoustic shed is not required for the Waterloo site. A 4m high noise wall will be installed at the southern extremity of the site. The specific noise mitigation measures to be adopted have been determined through detail modelling and planning with the construction team taking into account the construction program, construction working hours and construction traffic management in accordance with the Construction Noise and Vibration Strategy (Appendix E).

Figure 2.1 Elevations showing Stages 2 and 3 of the construction process.

https://maps.google.com/?q=103+Botany+Road&entry=gmail&source=g



Figure 2.2 Layout plan of the Waterloo Station site showing the extent of works associated with excavation for the station box.



3 Historic Context

Waterloo Council records prior to 1888, including valuation books, have been destroyed or lost and as such, it has been difficult to establish precisely what may have been built on the study area prior to this date. In addition, not all of the earlier land transactions were registered, and often the associated property descriptions, particularly the boundaries, are unclear. This situation is further complicated by a lack of plans and maps accompanying land transactions.

3.1 Development of the Waterloo Area

Prior to European settlement, the area that was to become Waterloo was covered by dense heath and scrub. Numerous creeks and pools lined with mangroves and areas of saltmarsh drained into Botany Bay, which was characterised by sand dunes, Banksia Scrub, and swampland. As an estuarine environment, an underlying soil profile of alluvial sand characterises this part of southern Sydney to the coast. In 1825, John Thomas Campbell was granted 185 acres which he called Mount Lachlan Estate, and which roughly comprises the modern suburb of Waterloo. In 1823, Governor Brisbane granted 1400 acres (655 hectares) to William Hutchinson which he called the Waterloo Estate, roughly the suburbs of Zetland, Alexandria and Rosebery (Figure 3.1). In 1825 and 1829 Daniel Cooper acquired the Waterloo and Lachlan Estates, a combined area of 1585 acres (642 ha), which he retained until 1853. At this time Waterloo was remote from the growing city and was considered a wilderness and a wasteland. Governor Macquarie ordered the construction of Botany Road, beginning at a toll-gate in Redfern linking Botany Bay with Sydney from 1818. The road was one of the first major roads of the colony and would have been the only sign of European presence as it passed through the wilderness populated with a sparse scatter of small industries along the edge of the swamps (Figure 3.2) (Karskens & Rogowsky 2004:55, 57). During the 1870s, Chinese market gardens were established along the southern sections of Botany Road and around Waterloo Swamps (Fitzgerald 1987:29, Karskens & Rogowsky 2004:50). However, these do not appear to have extended as far north as Redfern and the Waterloo Railway Station site. The English Public Health Act 1848 was followed in the same year by an Act of the New South Wales Parliament which banned ‘noxious industries’ from the city. From the 1850s industries moved into Waterloo, Botany and Alexandria, where some noxious industries had already been established early in the century. Wool washing and fellmongering had already been established in the Waterloo Swamps area, which had outlets into Shea’s Creek, from the earlier nineteenth century (Karskens & Rogowsky 2004:33-34). From as early as 1815, the ready supply of water trapped by ponds and swamps in the Waterloo area attracted those industries that relied on large quantities of water, such as grain grinding, milling cloth, wool preparation, and tanning (Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4). In 1821, Daniel Cooper, William Hutchinson and Samuel Terry had formed the firm of Hutchinson, Terry & Co. (also known as the Waterloo Co.). Each of the men had arrived to the colony as convicts but had become wealthy businessmen and landowners after they had each been pardoned (Australian Dictionary of Biography: Daniel Cooper, William Hutchinson). In 1820, the Waterloo Co. established a water-powered flour mill on Crown land at Waterloo; however, in 1825 the company was acquired by Daniel Cooper and Solomon Levey and the company became known as Cooper & Levey.



Figure 3.1 Undated Parish map of Alexandria, showing the extent of William Hutchinson’s grant and that Botany Road has been formed. The approximate location of the Waterloo Railway Station site is arrowed (http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm#14066301.jp2).

Figure 3.2 Old Botany Road continuation of Bourke St 1873, which must be to the south of the study area. Unsigned watercolour dated '26 May, 73' from a series titled Views of Sydney, 1862-1873 / Samuel Elyard (http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL650451&embedded=true&toolbar=false).

http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm#14066301.jp2

http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL650451&embedded=true&toolbar=false

http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL650451&embedded=true&toolbar=false



Figure 3.3 Detail from an 1886 Parish map of Alexandria, showing the extensive network of swamps, creeks and dams within the vicinity of the study area (outlined in black) (http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm#14040602.jp2).

Figure 3.4 Hinchcliff’s Woolwashing Establishment at Waterloo established on Botany Road in 1848 (Australian Town and Country Journal Saturday 16 June 1877: 20).



3.2 Development of Part of the Waterloo Estate

The locations of the earliest leases within the study area are unclear; however, land titles information does provide some information regarding lessees (see Appendix A). However, there are no associated maps or plans nor information regarding construction of buildings. The pattern of leases, the majority of which are 200 feet (61m) deep with frontages on Botany Road and Botany Street, is described as extending from Raglan Street in the north to Buckland Street in the south (Figure 3.5). The following is a synthesis of the information contained in Appendices A, B and C and focuses on the earlier occupation of the study area.

3.2.1 William Powell

From the 1850s Daniel Cooper sold 99-year leases on sections of his land, of which the following refer to the leases to William Powell comprise the study area:

a) 25 October 1855 to William Powell, Botany Road, carpenter, of 1 acre 2 roods, bounded on the south by Buckland Street 3 chains 8 links, on the east by Botany Street 4 chains 47 links, on the north by other land leased to Powell 3 chains 21 links and on the west by Botany Road 4 chains 98 links. For 99 years at a rent of £30 per annum (Old System Deed, No 554, Book 48). b) 1 April 1857 to William Powell, Waterloo Estate, carpenter, of 1 acre 2 roods 37 perches, bounded on the north by Raglan Street 3 chains 40 links, on the east by Botany Street 5 chains 49 links, on the south by 3 chains 21 links and on the west by Botany Road 5 chains 72 links. For 99 years at a rent of £51/8/0 per annum (Old System Deed, No 557, Book 48).

As indicated, the area of 1 acre, 2 roods, 37 perches (7006 square metres) was bounded by Botany Road, Raglan and Botany Streets but as Buckland Street had not yet been formed, the land is originally described as extending 5 chains, 72 links (105m) south along Botany Road (LPI Book 48, No.557, 1 April, 1857). William Powell lived on Botany Street and retained some of the leased land but sub-leased most of it to numerous tenants for annual ground rentals of usually a few pounds per year. From the mid-1850s Powell issued Leases, Sub-leases, Under Leases or Assignments of Leases on the land within the study area, some of which were later transferred as further sub-leases. Although the earliest subdivision in Waterloo was in 1853, this was localised to the centre of the town, an area bounded by Buckland, Raglan and Elizabeth Streets, and largely based on venture capital. The first housing was built by speculative investors, who thus played a key role in providing housing in these outer suburbs of Sydney (Karskens & Rogowsky 2004:57). It is possible that William Powell, as a builder, may also have been one of these speculative investors, building houses within his lease to maximise the return on the land. William Powell was also active in forming Waterloo Municipality, proclaimed in 1860, briefly becoming Mayor of Waterloo. When he died on 31 October 1877, his widow, Martha, inherited the lease. After Martha’s death in 1885, Matthew Smith inherited the 1 acre 2 roods and 37 perches on 2 May 1889, which he assigned to Henry Smith on 9 July 1901 (Old System Deed, No 820, Book 993). As a councillor, William Powell was active in advocating for the improvement and maintenance of the streets bounding the block in the early 1860s. In 1863, he moved that Botany Street be kerbed and footpaths formed on the east side from Raglan Street to Buckland Street (Sydney Morning Herald, 16 October 1863:3). In 1869, Powell built a terrace row of four brick houses, Banbury Terrace at 91-97 Botany Street (140-146 Cope Street) (Sydney Morning Herald, 7 October 1869:7). The terrace was advertised for sale in 1872:



BOTANY-STREET, WATERLOO. FOUR 2-STORY BRICK HOUSES, each 4 rooms and washhouse, in Botany-street, having a frontage of about 48 feet, with a depth of about 90 feet, between Raglan and Buckland streets, and known as BANBURY-TERRACE. Title-Leasehold, about 83 years to run; ground rent, £6 4s per annum. RICHARDSON and WRENCH have received instructions to sell by public auction….The above property in Botany-street, Waterloo. A good paying small investment. The houses are in the centre of a populous locality, and always let (Sydney Morning Herald, 11 January 1872:7).

The houses were demolished in 1957.

3.2.2 William West

In mid-1855, one of the earliest leases, a block bounded by Botany Road, Raglan and Botany Streets, was taken by William West, a builder. The block is described as being 200 feet (61m) along Raglan Street, extending for 25 feet (7.6m) along Botany Road and Botany Street (Bk 49 No 945). In 1859, West was nominated as a candidate for councillor for the Waterloo Ward and is described as having built a new house, next to the post office on Botany Road of the Waterloo Estate (Sydney Morning Herald 7 September 1859). West is also indicated in the 1861 Sands Directory as living at the Post Office at 41 Botany Road, which is to the north of the study area (City of Botany Bay n.d.). In 1863, West was also said to hold vacant land in Botany Street, suggesting that his block had not been developed at this time (The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 June 1863:5). However, by the 1870s, a grocery shop had been established on the corner at 49 Botany Road by William James. In 1888 the shop was valued at £152, the highest on the block, and is described as a weatherboard and iron shop, residence and sheds. The property continued as a grocer shop until 1901 when John Gostwick Green successfully applied for a Colonial Wine License for his business (Evening News, 1 October 1901:1). It remained a grocery until it was demolished in 1936. To the east of the grocery, at 138 and 136 Raglan Street was a pair of attached timber and iron cottages which were demolished in 1935. These cottages were, with the brick and iron three-room cottage at 134, advertised for rent in 1879: Cottage, BOTANY-ROAD; three Cottages, side passage; and Cottage, fronting BOTANY-STREET about midway between the junction of BOTANY ROAD with BOTANY-STREET and RAGLAN-STREET. TITLE-Sir DANIEL COOPER'S LEASEHOLD, for 99 years, at the nominal ground rent of £10 8s per annum (Sydney Morning Herald, 21 May 1879: 10). The cottage at 134 Raglan Street was an oyster saloon in 1900 and a fish shop until the 1960s. At the corner of Raglan and Botany Streets, the Primitive Methodist Church was established in 1871 and the adjacent School Hall in 1881. The church was a substantial brick and iron structure, while the hall was a simpler timber and iron building. The Primitive Methodists had emerged in England during the early 1800s and they built a strong presence in Australia. In 1902 the five branches of Methodism in NSW amalgamated as one church and the Waterloo church was rebranded as Methodist. In 1919, the church had ceased to function and the hall was let to Heckles and White, upholsterers, while the former church became a broom factory, which burnt down in 1920 (Sydney Morning Herald, 17 November 1920: 13).

3.2.3 John Smith Glover

In 1857, a 25 feet (7.6m) wide block extending between Botany Road to Botany Street is leased by John Smith Glover, a clerk and dealer who is recorded as present in the 1864 Sands Directory (Bk51 No 659). Following her husband’s death, Ann Glover, as Mrs Glover & Sons, traded as a speculative builder, becoming one of the first female builders in Australia. In 1873 and 1875, Ann Glover advertised for tenders for the stone foundations and brickwork for four houses on Botany Road, and in 1879, expanded her operations to Pitt Street, advertising for tenders for the stone



foundations of two houses. The Glovers lived and worked on Botany Road until 1884 when the family moved to 95 Victoria Terrace on Pitt Street, Redfern. Glover’s property is later identified as 59 Botany Road, with a double-fronted brick shop and six-room dwelling. When John Glover died in 1863, he left his estate to his wife, Ann Glover (née Stinson or Stevenson) (The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 January 1864:10). The property was advertised for sale as Waterloo House and grocer’s shop comprising a ‘double shop, 5 rooms and kitchen, good well, stable, and side entrance together with two weatherboard cottages, each with two rooms and a kitchen in Botany Street (The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 October 1869:8). In 1884 when the Glovers moved away from Botany Road, the sub-lease on the grocery business was transferred to L L Chapman, who hoped to merit a share of the patronage hitherto bestowed. Chapman moved to number 65 a few years later and the shop was tenanted by a succession of grocers and fishmongers. 61 Botany Road, also first leased by the Glover family, was a timber and iron shop and residence. It was tenanted for some time by bootmaker William Potts and others until 1925, when it became the rooms of the Alexandria & Waterloo Workmen’s Institute. Two attached timber and iron cottages at 53 and 55 Botany Street were also within William Glover’s lease. Number 53 was occupied by an aviarist for some years during the early twentieth century, regularly advertising birds for sale. All four cottages within Glover’s lease were demolished in 1941.

Another of the Glover family sub-leases at 63 Botany Road was occupied from the 1880s until 1919 by a timber and iron produce store and retained this function until it became a furniture warehouse. For most of the 1920s and 1930s it functioned as Whittingham’s motor garage, agents for Willy’s and Buick cars until 1939, when it was leased by neighbouring machinery merchant Frank Skinner.

3.2.4 George Bolt, Charles Barry John Phypers and Richard Puckeridge

The block immediately to the south of John Glover’s was leased to George Bolt, labourer, in 1857, who is also noted in the 1864 Sands Directory (Bk 51 No 858). Nothing more is known of the pre-1880 history of the block. In 1858, Charles Barry, a bootmaker who is also noted on Botany Road in the 1864 Sands Directory takes the lease on the next 20 feet (6.1m) wide block on Botany Road and Botany Street (Bk54 No 83). Also, in 1858, John Phypers, a malster, takes the lease on the next block, which has a frontage of 25 feet (7.6m) on Botany Road and Botany Street, which he transfers to Sarah Stokes, Edmund Stokes’ wife, in 1873 (Bk 54 No 324 and Bk 134 No 994). Stokes is described as a dealer and the trustee for his wife. The next block is leased by Charles Cook, a labourer in 1858 (Bk 54 No325). In 1861, Richard Puckeridge, a brickmaker, takes the lease on the 25 feet (7.6 metres) block to the south of Cook’s block, and perhaps the adjacent 25 feet block (Bk 73 No 869). In 1865, Puckeridge transfers half of his block to Joseph Sawyer, a cabinet maker. Puckeridge retains a 100 feet (30.5m) deep block on Botany Road, while Sawyer has a block of the same size on Botany Street (Bk 95 No 969). It appears that at some time before 1880, Sawyer has acquired the Puckeridge’s block as he is listed at 69 Botany Road until 1916 in the Sands Directory, with a Miss Sawyer, presumably his daughter.

3.2.5 Joseph Sawyer

Sawyer, a cabinet-maker, carpenter, and joiner married Catherine Sawyer, a dress and mantle maker, in 1849, and the couple had had three girls by 1858. In 1858, Sawyer is described as a good looking, dark-complexioned young man, an Australian by birth, and with a certain rakish, je ne sais quoi. Don Giovanni tout ensemble, eminently calculated to make him a favourite with the weaker



sex (Bell’s Life in Sydney and Sporting Reviewer, 1858:3). Sawyer made a good living, earning 13s per diem which was above the usual rate of carpenters' wages of 10s; however, he supplemented his income by working as a dress circle check taker at the Prince of Wales Theatre, on Castlereagh Street. He reportedly fathered a child with a Miss Eliza McCormack, of Castlereagh Street, with whom he took up residence, fathering several children. Sawyer’s wife and children remained in Waterloo, living with his mother on Botany Road. The court ordered him to pay his wife maintenance of 30s weekly for 12 months, together with £2 2s court costs: this was the first case decided under an amended Deserted Wives and Children's Act 1840 (amended 1858) (Sydney Morning Herald, 13 April 1859:8). In 1880, the 69 Botany Road property is described as a large timber and iron shop and dwelling, plus two iron sheds. Sawyer also owned a small timber and iron house built behind number 69, 71 Botany Road, which was rented by the Sawyer family to various tenants. In 1916, Sawyer is recorded in the Sands as living at 69 Botany Road, with the property described as home to Day C. & Sons, cabinetmakers. During the early 1900s, 71 Botany Road is identified as the Paragon Sawdust Company, selling bags of sawdust from the Sawyer factory to butchers and others (Sydney Morning Herald, 9 September 1909:10). Following his death in 1917, his wife Mrs Sawyer, dressmaker, continues to occupy the property until 1919, when her daughter, Henrietta, is recorded until 1925. A timber and iron house at 73 Botany Road, also stood on Sawyer’s land, and was valued in 1889 at £21, remained unchanged into the 1950s. An attached pair of brick houses at 73-75 Botany Street, of which one was advertised for rent in 1875: HOUSE, Four rooms and kitchen, 75 BOTANY STREET, were also within Sawyer’s lease (Sydney Morning Herald, 23 October, 1875: 16). In 1957, the buildings at 69 and 71 Botany Road were demolished.

3.2.6 James Hill, Joseph Hinchcliffe, Charles Coulson and John Abbott

In 1864, the lease on the block immediately to the south of Puckeridge’s and Sawyer’s is taken by James Hill, a builder and bricklayer (Bk 97 No 382). The property comprises two blocks each 50 feet (15m) wide, which Hill divides into four properties 100 feet (30.5m) deep: two on Botany Road and two on Botany Street. Hill retained the northern block on Botany Road and the southern block on Botany Street, leasing the other two blocks. The southern block on Botany Street is leased to Joseph Hinchcliffe in 1866, at which time he is described as a post master, and the northern block on Botany Street is leased in 1872 to Charles Coulson, mariner (Bk 97 No 382 and Bk 130 No 315). In 1868, Charles Coulson’s widow Emily transfers her lease to John Abbott, dairyman, who is recorded in the Sands Directory at the site in 1880 (Bk 157 No 805). It is likely that William Powell’s Banbury Terrace stood on Coulson’s lease as this is identified as having been sub-leased by James Hill & William Powell.

3.2.7 Waterloo Congregational Church

In 1878, the lease on the next block to the south is taken by Presbyterian Minister, Reverend Curtis (Bk 183 No 437). The block is 54 feet (16.5m) wide and 112 feet (34m) deep on Botany Road. The first Waterloo Congregational Church was founded in 1865 in Botany Road, south of Buckland Street, and although being enlarged in 1871, to afford accommodation for a congregation of two hundred and eighty persons, the building remained too small for its potential congregation (Sydney Mail, 29 July 1871:688). In 1883, the 103-105 Botany Road site was purchased for £550 and work on the brick Victorian Gothic church designed by Herbert S Thompson to seat 470 people began (Sydney Morning Herald, 26 November, 1883:7). The brick school hall at the rear of the church was built in 1886 to replace the earlier school associated with the 1863 chapel and to accommodate 400 students.



3.2.8 From James Templeton’s Lease to John Isaac Holbrow’s Lease on Buckland Street

In 1864, the 26 feet (8m) wide block to the south of the church was leased to James Templeton, a baker (Bk 87 No 622). The next block, which is 52 feet (16m) wide, is leased to John Hurst in 1871, which he transfers to Thomas Barber Goldfinch in 1873, who is recorded as occupying the site in the 1880 Sands Directory (Bk 125 No 473 and Bk 138 No 338). Martin Smith leases the 40 feet (12m) wide block to the south in 1855, which he transfers to Benjamin Eve, a wool-sorter, on 16 December 1863 (Bk 86 No 53). The lease on the 50 feet (12m) block to the south is taken by Samuel Townsend, butcher, who transferred it to John Mulder, grocer, in May 1865 (Bk80 No 509 and Bk 92 No 866). Mulder is recorded at 125 Botany Street until 1889 in the Sands Directory, and during the 1870s was treasurer of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society (The Protestant Standard, 23 November 1872:7). In 1858, the next block of 49 feet (15m) was leased to Alfred Flack, a diesinker, who is indicated as residing on Botany Road in 1861 (Bk 61 No 83). That Flack improves or develops his property is indicated by an advertisement Alfred Flack, diesinker of Botany Road, which must represent a business address (Empire, 5 February 1869:1). In 1865, Flack had transferred 24 feet (17.3m) of the southern part of his lease to John Paul, a brickmaker. The block is described as 100 feet (30.5m) on Botany Road; however, the identity of the lessee of the Botany Street property is unknown. The Sands Directory records Alfred Flack as residing at 117 Botany Road in 1867. In 1878, the 25 feet (7.6m) wide block along Buckland Street is leased to John Isaac Holbrow (Bk 181 No 424). In 1888, the Sands Directory describes the building at 117 Botany Road as a brick produce store owned by Charlotte Jeffries.



Figure 3.5 Detail of 1893 Sydney Water Plan showing the known built history (Sydney Water Archive Plan # PWDS1544-S44).

3.3 Development in the Later Nineteenth Century

The Borough of Redfern was established in 1859 and Waterloo was incorporated as a separate borough in May 1860, indicating that the suburb was becoming more populated. On 26 September 1855 the first Passenger Railway from Sydney to Parramatta opened. The station now known as Redfern opened in 1878 as Eveleigh Railway Station, located near to the present Mortuary Station. Relocation of the station to its present location was to accommodate the quadruplication of the

William West’s lease. 1870s timber and iron shop at 49 Botany Rd and at 134-136 Raglan St 2 timber and iron cottages and 1 brick cottage. 1871 the Primitive Methodist Church and 1881 school hall.

John Glover’s lease by 1869 at 53 and 55 Botany St 2 timber cottages each with 2 rooms and kitchens.

Joseph Sawyer’s lease. 71-75 Botany St before 1880, but likely 1860s, 77-79 Botany St timber + fuel merchant

1969 William Powell’s lease 91-97 Botany St brick Banbury Terrace

Joseph Sawyer’s lease. 69 Botany Rd before 1880, but likely 1860s. Large timber and iron shop and dwelling with two iron sheds. Likely also 67 Botany Rd

John Glover’s 59-61 Botany Rd by 1869. Double fronted brick grocer’s shop and 5 room dwelling with good well, stable and side entrance. Also 63 and possibly 65 Botany Rd

1867 Alfred Flack diesinker of Botany Road. In 1888 the property is described as 117 Botany Road



line in 1885. Associated with the station were the Eveleigh Railway Workshops established as the major railway workshop for the NSW railways in 1882-1897 (Figure 3.3). Construction of the railway and associated infrastructure attracted a large population that needed to be housed locally in Redfern and Waterloo, resulting in a building boom in the late nineteenth century. In 1933, trams began running down Botany Road, linking the suburb and its workers with the City. Improvements in transportation providing a focus for development put increased pressure on the provision of essential services. In response to a severe drought from the 1850s until the 1870s and the growth in population, Sydney’s water supply system was improved and water was sourced from the Botany Swamps. In 1876-1877, to augment the Botany Swamp reserves, the Bunnerong Dam was constructed and water was reticulated to Sydney’s inner suburbs. By the end of 1879 reticulation had been extended outwards such that much of Waterloo had been connected to a regular water supply (Aird, 1961:12). In 1888, the Upper Nepean Scheme was completed and the Botany supply was superseded (Aird, 1961:12). In 1887, the construction of two large sewerage schemes was proposed, the ‘northern system’ which would service what is now central Sydney and the eastern suburbs, discharging into the ocean at Bondi, and the ‘southern system’, the Southern Main Outfall Sewer, servicing the area from Redfern, Waterloo and Mascot, discharging at the mouth of the Cook’s River in Botany Bay. Construction commenced in 1880 and was completed in 1889, with responsibility for its operation being transferred to the Water Board in 1890 (Figure 3.6 ) (Aird, 1961:141). As indicated by developments from the 1880s (Appendix B) and the 1893 Sydney Water plan, the study area had become densely populated with houses and commercial premises by the later nineteenth century (see Figure 2.3 above). This was likely in response to the arrival of the railway and in particular the Eveleigh Workshops which provided increased opportunities for employment, as well as the reticulation of water and provision of sewerage. Certainly, Redfern is noted as a working-class suburb during the 1860s, which extended over the following decade to Waterloo and Alexandria, which was the most rapidly growing area, with a population dominated by factory workers, labourers and unskilled workers (Fitzgerald 1987:18, 27). Fitzgerald also notes that Waterloo, with Redfern and Alexandria was a focus of the Sydney Health Board’s investigations of 1876 into slum housing, which was characterised by over-crowding and poor sanitation. The layout of streets with an irregular pattern with laneways and culs-de-sac criss-crossing blocks, contributed to the development of slums during the latter part of the nineteenth century (Fitzgerald 1987:62). When stringent building codes were introduced to the city in the 1870s, areas such as Waterloo became more attractive. The population of Waterloo until the end of the century increased enormously placing increased demand on the need for housing. However, building was often unregulated and of poor standard, constructed to maximise profits, such that despite a lower density population than the city, conditions were similar to those on the western outskirts of the city, due to the lack of facilities and services. By the end of the century, Waterloo had become populated by larger scale industry, rows of terrace housing and areas of workers’ cottages (Karskens & Rogowsky 2004:57-60).



Figure 3.6 1890 Higinbotham & Robinson Map of Waterloo. Parish of Alexandria with inset detail. Note that the Congregational Church and AIS Bank are the only structures identified within the study area. The Southern Main Outfall Sewer, completed in 1889, is shown and arrowed, and Hinchcliff’s Woolwash is also illustrated, and arrowed (http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-229915919/view).



In 1918, Dame Alice Helen Cooper agreed to sell leased properties which had remained part of the Waterloo Estate, also known as the Cooper Estate, including:

• Lease dated 1 April 1855, for an area of 1 acre 2 roods and 37 perches previously leased to William Powell for 99 years for £288.

• Lease dated 1 July 1857, for an area of 1 acre 2 roods previously leased to William Powell, Botany Street, builder, for 99 years for £900 (NRS 17513, Real Property Application Packet, RPA 28721, SANSW).

In 1927, the Cooper Estate conveyed most of the land in this block with some omissions measuring 2 acres 1 rood 32 perches to Quong Wing, Waterloo, cabinet manufacturer for £2,500 (Old System Deed, No 464, Book 1464). On 6 July 1927, he applied to convert the title to Torrens Title (RPA 28721). A title was issued to him on 5 December 1928 (CT 4224 f 96). In 1882, a scene viewed on Botany Road near Raglan Street was reported: Some boys had been pelting with stones an unfortunate Chinaman…This passage of events was witnessed by a number of men who had not the manliness to interfere and protect a stranger in a strange land from being insulted by a mob of larrikins (Evening News, 26 January 1882, p.3). In the early twentieth century furniture manufacture was the most successful and high-profile activity of Chinese workers and businessmen, despite the disapproval of the Labour movement and others, and Waterloo was the focus of this trade, whether run and staffed by Chinese or by others. In 1928, most of the Waterloo block was purchased by Quong Wing, who owned two furniture manufactories at Waterloo, trading under the names Rising & Co. and Kissing & Co. (Figure 3.7). Rising & Co. moved to 115 Botany Road and Rising’s furniture was stocked by Farmer’s and other city department stores.

Figure 3.7 Advertisement of W. Rising & Co. showroom, 107-117 Botany Road (Sun 24 February 1929:27).

Waterloo as a lively retail centre in the early twentieth century is described by Louis Stone in the opening of his novel Jonah:

One side of the street glittered like a brilliant eruption with the light from a row of shops; the other, lined with houses, was almost deserted, for the people, drawn like moths by the glare, crowded and jostled under the lights. It was Saturday night, and Waterloo, by immemorial habit, had flung itself on the shops, bent on plunder. For an hour past a stream of people had flowed from the back streets into Botany Road, where the shops stood in shining rows, awaiting the conflict. The butcher's caught the eye with a flare of colour as the light played on the pink and white flesh of sheep, gutted and skewered like victims for sacrifice; the saffron and red quarters of beef, hanging like the limbs of a dismembered Colossus; and the carcasses of pigs, the unclean beast of the Jews, pallid as a corpse. The butchers passed in and out, sweating and greasy, hoarsely crying the prices as they cut and hacked the meat. The people crowded about, sniffing the odour of dead flesh, hungry and brutal — carnivora seeking their prey. At the grocer's the light was reflected from the gay labels on tins and packages and bottles, and the air was heavy with the confused odour of tea, coffee and spices. Cabbages, piled in



heaps against the door-posts of the greengrocer's, threw a rank smell of vegetables on the air; the fruit within, built in pyramids for display, filled the nostrils with the fragrant, wholesome scents of the orchard. The buyers surged against the barricade of counters, shouting their orders, contesting the ground inch by inch as they fought for the value of a penny. And they emerged staggering under the weight of their plunder, laden like ants with food for hungry mouths — the insatiable maw of the people.

Stone also describes living and working conditions in the suburb, which were likely largely unchanged since the nineteenth century. Buckland Street is described as a long, ugly row of two-storey houses, the model lodging-houses of the crowded suburbs, so much alike that...it was difficult to differentiate one from another and where one could make himself at home on an anthill. The focus of Jonah’s interest, Clara, was brought up to believe she was too fine a lady to soil her hands with work…had lived in the street ten years, and was a stranger in it. Buckland Street was never empty, but she learned to pick her time for going in and out when the neighbours were at their meals or asleep. She attended a church at an incredible distance from Waterloo, for fear people should learn her unfashionable address. Her few friends lived in other suburbs whose streets she knew by heart, so that they took her for a neighbour. Clara had also managed to avoid the natural destiny of the Waterloo girls was the factory, or the workshops of anaemic dressmakers, stitching slops at racing speed for the warehouses. A few of the better sort, marked out by their face and figure, found their way to the tea-rooms and restaurants. Clara gave piano lessons, and needless to say, there were few pupils in Waterloo (1911:94-96). Although this was the peak era for Botany Road as Waterloo’s main street for buying and selling during the first half of the twentieth century, Waterloo became synonymous with slum housing, which is so evocatively described by Stone. Former Premier Jack Lang bemoaned the fact that one had to travel through the slums of Waterloo and Redfern to reach Captain Cook’s landing place, while Waterloo Council’s health officer reported that 500 of Waterloo’s 2000 dwellings were unfit for habitation (The Sydney Morning Herald, 23 March 1938:23). Local member and NSW Premier Bill McKell believed that the issue of 99 year leases in Waterloo’s was a cause of the poor quality housing:

The depressed district is mostly in the Daniel Cooper estate. Sir Daniel Cooper, almost a century ago, had big property holdings…He didn't sell his land. He leased it on 99 year leases. Landlords built the cheapest possible type of house on these leaseholds. Nevertheless, a century ago they were considered pretty good residences. Today they are substandard. Landlords won't even splash a tin of paint on them because in a few years the properties (including the sub-standard homes) revert back to the Daniel Cooper Estate (Truth, 19 January 1947: 33).

As founder of the NSW Housing Commission, Bill McKell was instrumental in the post-War reconstruction of Waterloo and Redfern, with the eastern side of Botany Street flattened and rebuilt with public housing. However, until the 1940s Waterloo’s built environment changed remarkably little, compared with the extent of new constructions elsewhere (Figure 3.8). There is some similarity between many of the building footprints recorded in the 1893 Water Board Plan and that of the 1949 City Council Civic Survey. Waterloo became part of Sydney City Council in 1948 and the block was rezoned light industrial, such that during the 1950s the block’s retail and residential function had all but disappeared.



Figure 3.8 1949 aerial photograph of study area (left) and detail from the 1949-1972 City of Sydney Building Surveyor’s Detail Sheets (http://atlas.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/maps/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey-1949/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey1949-image-96/ and /city-of-sydney-building-surveyors-detail-sheets-1949-1972/city-of-sydney-building-surveyors-detail-sheets-1949-1972).

Botany / Cope Street

Botany Road

Buckland Street

Raglan Street

http://atlas.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/maps/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey-1949/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey1949-image-96/

http://atlas.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/maps/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey-1949/city-of-sydney-aerial-photographic-survey1949-image-96/



4 Artefact Heritage: Assessment of Archaeological Potential

The analysis of the archaeological potential within the footprint of the Waterloo Station site included in the AARD prepared by Artefact Heritage for the EIS is based on limited historical research that includes a general history of early settlement of the area, noting that the study area remained undeveloped until the subdivisions of the 1880s. The AARD refers to the Higinbotham & Robinson Map of Waterloo. Parish of Alexandria, which they date to c.1885 (see Figure 3.6 above). The AARD notes that the area as only lightly settled at this time, with a branch of the Australian Joint Stock Bank and the Congregational Church being the only buildings (Artefact 2016b: 286). It is worth noting, however, that this series of maps only depicts significant public buildings: churches, schools, banks and the like. Although the 1895 block plan, which is much the same as the 1893 Sydney Water plan, is included in the AARD showing that the study area has been developed by this time, there is no consideration of pre-1880 development. The AARD states that there is no documentary evidence of former structures located in the area prior to 1882, when the study area was subdivided for residential and commercial development, and that it is likely that reticulated water supply and sewerage networks, as well as municipally organised garbage collection, was in place at this time (Artefact 2016b, 278-279). However, it is noted that heritage studies, primarily associated with the Green Square development, note that the South Sydney region has the potential to contain archaeological resources relating to early industry, including watermills and brickworks (Artefact 2016b: 277). There is little comment on the archaeological potential within the study area. A summary, however, of the archaeological potential of the Waterloo Station site is provided in Table 10-2 of the AARD (2016: 279-283). This is summarised in Table 4.1 and illustrated in Figure 4.1:

Table 4.1 Summary of potential archaeological remains at the Waterloo Station site

Phase Site Code Likely Archaeological Remains Potential

1 (1788-1880) All No documentary evidence of former structures located in this area prior to 1882. Potential for tree boles, field drains, fence postholes, isolated artefacts scatters for Phase 1.

Nil-Low

2 (1880 – 1930)

WS1-WS4, WS7, WS9-WS17

Subdivision for residential and commercial development from 1880s. Potential for footings, drains, cisterns, evidence of industrial and residential occupation.

Low-Moderate

3 (1930 – 1950)

Garage and service station, residential buildings and furniture workshops constructed prior to 1951 across the land parcel. Archaeological remains consisting of postholes, footings (brick, stone or concrete), drains and services (ceramic and metal), path or yard surfaces (cobbles, tiles, concrete, kerbing for Phase 3.

Moderate

2 & 3 (1880 – 1950)

WS5 No documentary evidence for built structures located in this area prior to 1882. Potential for tree boles, field drains, fence postholes, isolated artefact scatters for Phase 3.

Low-Moderate

2 & 3 (1880 – 1950)

WS8

Subdivision for residential and commercial development from 1880s. Potential for footings, drains, cisterns, evidence of industrial and residential occupation. Archaeological remains consisting of postholes, footings (brick, stone or concrete), drains and services (ceramic and metal), path or yard surfaces (cobbles, tiles, concrete, kerbing for Phase 3).

Low-Moderate

4 (1950 – Present)

All Construction of one and two-storey mixed use commercial buildings on each block after 1951.

Nil-Low

All WS6 Present commercial and residential structure basement car park likely removed all archaeological remains of previous phases.

Nil



Figure 4.1 Areas of archaeological potential and significance within the Waterloo Station site (Artefact 2016b: 288, Figure 10.14).



5 AMBS Updated Analysis of Archaeological Potential

There have been few historical archaeological investigations in the Redfern / Waterloo area to date. There have, however, been some investigations in addition to the assessments undertaken for the Green Square project cited by Artefact (2016b: 277). These include the Redfern Courthouse and Police Station, the Redfern and Community Health Centre, the Eveleigh Workshops, 830-838 Elizabeth Street, Waterloo, 31 Cope Street and the Redfern RSL Club at 157-159 Redfern Street, Redfern (Figure 5.1). Archaeological investigations have been undertaken at the latter three sites after the assessments had concluded that generally they had little, if any, historical archaeological potential due to impacts or disturbance from later works.

Figure 5.1 Aerial of the local Redfern / Waterloo area with the sites of archaeological investigations indicated (https://maps.six.nsw.gov.au).

5.1 Archaeological Excavations in the Local Area

5.1.1 Chubb Factory at 830-838 Elizabeth Street, Waterloo

Archaeological investigations at the Chubb Factory, 830-838 Elizabeth Street were undertaken by Cultural Resources Management (CRM) in 2000. The first land grant in the study area was to JT Hall in 1825, and the land was subdivided in 1829. However, there is no documentary evidence of European occupation at the site until 1914 when a stonemason’s yard occupied the site, followed by the Chubb factory in 1920. Several narrow slot trenches and one wider trench were excavated.



The earliest deposit found across the site was an intact subsoil profile of sand. Leaching in the sand profile suggested periodic flooding prior to European occupation. In 1914, fills including clay soil and industrial waste were brought in to raise and level the eastern part of the site for the construction of a stonemason’s yard, over which a thin bituminous surface had been laid. When the Chubb company acquired the site in the 1920s, fills were again brought in to level and raise the western part of the site. Within the fill was demolition rubble, domestic and industrial wastes, which was capped by a concrete slab.

5.1.2 31 Cope Street, Redfern

In 2007, Archaeological & Heritage Management Solutions (AHMS) investigated three wells at 31 Cope Street, Redfern which were exposed during site clearance for a development. The property was at the south-western corner of Assistant Surgeon William Redfern’s 1816 grant and was likely to have been quite swampy. Three incomplete brick-lined wells were exposed between 0.5m – 1m below original ground level, surviving from four and six brick courses to 2.6m in depth. Only three bottles were recovered, from Well 3: an 1850-1880 Udolfo Wolf Schnapps, an 1860s-1880s Hora & Co of London Castor Oil bottle, and an 1830s-1860s oil/vinegar bottle. The soil horizon comprised a redeposited fill with heavy charcoal inclusions below the modern fill, to a depth of 450-500mm, below which was the natural A horizon, a 400-500 mm of a grey sand lay above a yellow-orange clayey-sand. The yellow-orange, clayey-sand, c. 300 mm deep, was above a mottled-coloured clay that was the basal soil exposed (AHMS 2007:17-20).

5.1.3 Redfern RSL Club at 157-159 Redfern Street

In 2009, CRM excavated the Redfern RSL Club at 157-159 Redfern Street. Three test trenches were opened to assess the site’s archaeological profile. The excavation demonstrated that nineteenth century and early twentieth-century deposits had survived with good integrity. This was despite the likely impacts that the construction of the RSL Club in the 1950s and 1960s would have had. However, there was some disturbance stemming from the installation of various services for the RSL club. In some areas the floating slab for the RSL construction had been laid directly over the earlier nineteenth and twentieth-century occupations. Demolition deposits, possible footings, and surfaces were found relating to a c.1870s yard building, probably a shed, and a demolition deposit from two c.1870s terraces was also found, used a levelling fill, along with a possible passageway used for access between the houses. Excavations of the trenches was halted at later nineteenth-century deposits at a depth of 400mm–800mm beneath the current surface, to protect and preserve earlier deposits. The indications were that there was potential for earlier nineteenth-century deposits and features to be preserved at the site, some sealed below demolition rubble and basement deposits (CRM, 2009b:14-15). CRM subsequently undertook open-area excavations of the site; however, although the final report is not yet available, it is understood that extensive early-mid-nineteenth century archaeological remains were present.

5.1.4 CSR Site, Pyrmont

In 1996, Casey & Lowe Associates undertook the archaeological excavation and testing of areas within the then CSR site, later known as Jackson’s Landing. The Colonial Sugar Refinery had been built in 1878 adjacent to residential terrace housing dating from the 1860s. The local Pyrmont population had undergone rapid expansion following the gold rushes of the 1850s and 1860s, dominated by mostly working-class families, housed in terrace housing, and the men were employed on a permanent or casual basis at the nearby shipyards, abattoirs and wharves. In this respect, the excavations at the CSR may have similarities with the Waterloo site. The extensive physical remains of housing was in good condition, with some brick coursing surviving above the sandstone foundations. Some housing had a depth of up to 200mm of underfloor deposits within which was a rich artefact assemblage. The variety and quantity of the



artefact assemblage was such that although, this a working-class area, the living conditions were not as squalid as perhaps may be expected. Questions regarding housing conditions and the relationship between tenant and landlord were raised during the excavation that provide a foundation for the questions to be asked by the archaeology of the Waterloo site

Figure 5.2 The CSR site in 1878 showing the density of housing with each archaeological area identified (Casey & Lowe 2000:48, Figure 2.1).

5.1.5 14-28 Ultimo Road, Ultimo

Although the 14-28 Ultimo Road, Ultimo site, excavated in 2011-2012 by Australian Museum Consulting (formerly Australian Museum Business Services) is not within the vicinity of the Redfern / Waterloo area, it is of interest for an understanding of urban development within a swampy environment. The earliest evidence of activity on the site was when large roughly-cut sections of River red gum, trunks, roots and branches were placed across the natural mottled swamp sands, apparently marking out property boundaries, but also perhaps to stabilise the sands in preparation for construction of housing (Figure 5.3). The site had been occupied since the 1850s with a scatter of small cottages, of which the remains of four were extant; one was complete and the others were partial only, approximately 2m below the level of Ultimo Road (Figure 5.4). A terrace row of three brick houses had been constructed in 1874 at 20-24 Ultimo Road on sandstone foundations 1600mm high, presumably an attempt to escape the swamp. That this was not successful is indicated by the fact that the site was reclaimed in 1884–1886/7 when the entire site, to the walls of the terrace row was covered with clays and industrial waste to a depth of c.0.5m (Figure 5.5). Below this were the paved surfaces of earlier yards, each with a cesspit, which had not been used, no doubt because of the risk of overflowing when it rained. That the remains of the 1850s cottages had survived below the depth of later occupation deposits was unexpected (Australian Museum Consulting 2015a:40-73).



Figure 5.3 View west across the natural sands and River red gum sections defining property boundaries. The surviving cottage is upper right.

Figure 5.4 View of the intact foundations of one of the 1850s cottages. Scale is 1m.



Figure 5.5 View west of the remaining sandstone foundations of the 1874 terrace and one of the associated paved yards. The reclamation fill above the remaining yard is yet to be removed (arrowed).

Figure 5.6 View north-east from Harris Street in c. 1940. The 1874 terrace row at 20-24 Ultimo Road is bracketed (Source: City of Sydney Archives, SRC 1339 File No. 039\039793).

5.1.6 Market City Development Paddy’s Market

In 1990-1991, Godden Mackay Pty Ltd (now GML Heritage) undertook archaeological excavations of the Paddys Market site in Ultimo, an area that was referred to as a slum. The site was initially developed for industrial purposes; however, by the 1860s had become more densely developed by residential housing. Along Engine Street, three terrace rows had been constructed at 14-16, 22-26 and 28-30, with 18-20 remaining vacant. The houses were all two-storeyed brick houses, with 28-30 built directly onto the bedrock. The slope of the land was such that the houses also had a light-well in the pavement to let in light to the lower front rooms which sat below street level. The integrity of the physical remains of the houses was good with a range of artefacts to provide an insight into the lives of the residents until the demolition of the houses in the early twentieth century, where it was noted that:

There is evidence that the inhabitants attempted to improve the immediate environs of their homes; paths were laid and new surfaces spread over old yards. However, a more compelling picture of personal pride and domestic well-being is provided by the small evidence of

internal environments and personal choices. It appears that, in the face of intractable

external conditions, the residents turned their energies inwards, to the environments that they could control of their houses, to make comfortable and pleasing environments. Very few



traces of these interiors survive but enough to show that they were painted (at least in one- case with a decorative floral frieze), some had linoleum covered floors, there were curtains and flowers in vases. The homes were well equipped with a wide variety of serviceable homewares. Furthermore the few traces of personal life style indicate a plain but comprehensive diet, access to "home cure" remedies and the ability and desire to acquire small luxuries and leisure items (Godden Mackay 1993:121).

5.1.7 209 Castlereagh Street Sydney

In 2015, Australian Museum Consulting excavated a site on the corner of Bathurst and Castlereagh Streets. Again, although this is not in the vicinity of the Waterloo Station site, it has some comparable features. In 1860, a terrace row of three brick houses was built near to the corner and five years later two houses were added to extend to the Castlereagh Street corner, at 141-149 Castlereagh Street. Each house comprised a shopfront with living quarters to the rear and above. There were variations in construction as the three earlier houses were better built with kitchens separated from the main house by a breezeway, whereas the latter two houses had attached kitchens and were relatively poor constructions. The terraces were built after a brick oviform sewer had been laid along Bathurst Street in 1857 and water had been reticulated to Castlereagh Street in 1859, as such there were no associated cesspits or wells. There were some surviving underfloor occupation deposits toward the south that had not been destroyed by the 1924 construction of Bathurst House. Of particular interest is the fact that the sandstone foundations were almost immediately beneath the Bathurst House concrete slab. The foundations of the terraces also immediately overlay an early nineteenth century public house, which had four associated cesspits, a food storage pit and a rubbish pit, each of which yielded a wealth of artefacts confirming that the building was a public house serving food as well as drink. Fine ceramic and glass tableware were recovered, as well as a quantity of complete bottles, wine glasses and tumblers. In the south-west corner of the site were the end two houses of Louisa Terrace, a row of seven two-roomed two-storey brick houses, built in 1835. Although both houses had been grossly disturbed by twentieth-century services, the footprint of both houses was identified. The shallow brick foundations defined the footprint of each house as comprising a single 4m x 4m room. Within the end house remnant timber floor joists were extant and the southern and western walls were immediately beneath the walls of the adjacent buildings (Figure 5.9). Also of interest was evidence of burning-off of trees with a pattern of burnt roots in the natural A horizon soil, presumably in preparation for the public house (see Figure 5.8).

Figure 5.7 Photograph of 141-149 Bathurst Street taken before the row was demolished in 1924 (City of Sydney Archives, Image 001-001324).



Figure 5.8 View south across the 141-149 Bathurst Street foundations. The post holes define the walls of the 1813 public house, the concrete piers and wall ties with Bathurst House. Note the pattern of burnt roots (circled) (Australian Museum Consulting 2015:123, Figure 6.1).

Figure 5.9 View down to the two eastern-most Louisa Terrace houses. The remnant timber floor joists are arrowed (Australian Museum Consulting 2015:45, Figure 3.34).

141-145 Bathurst Street

147-149 Bathurst Street



5.2 Integrity & Research Potential of the Resource

There are no surviving plans or images of any of the houses within the study area and the descriptions in the Assessments Books from 1888, are cursory. The buildings are described as dwellings or houses, some with shops and sheds attached, and are brick, wooden or timber and iron (Figure 5.10 and Figure 5.11). One of the better descriptions is of Banbury Terrace, built by William Powell in 1869 at 91-97 Botany Street. The four brick houses are two-storey with four rooms and washhouse, balconies and verandahs each being 48 feet (14.6m) wide and about 90 feet (27.4) deep. None of the houses shown on the 1893 Sydney Water plan survive, having been replaced from the 1920s by Quong Wing’s Rising & Co. emporium, and later in the century by warehouses and factories. The AARD states that there is a basement at WS6, 69-83 Botany Road; however, it is now known that there is a partial basement below the units and there is a basement at 156-160 Cope Street (WS13: formerly 107-115 Botany Street), immediately behind the Congregational Church. Currently, buildings on the site are in the process of being demolished to concrete slabs and wall foundations. Contrary to the statement in the AARD that that there was no development within the study area until the 1880s (refer Section 4 above), the historical research undertaken for this report shows, this site was occupied at least by the 1860s, if not earlier. The assumption that there had been no development prior to 1888 was based on the fact that the Council Rates Assessment Books are not available until 1888, and as such there are no records of any structures within the study area prior to this date. The AARD identified the research potential for this late nineteenth century period as having low-moderate research potential. However, within suburban Sydney, buildings constructed and occupied during the 1880s, known as the ‘Boom Period’, are plentiful and generally have tongue-and-groove flooring which tends to preclude an accumulation of occupation deposits beneath floors, are sewered and have reticulated water. In addition, such sites are also likely to yield a greater amount of duplicate or redundant information due to the existence of a wider range of historic sources (directories, newspapers, trade catalogues, photographs, etc) (see for example Heritage Branch 2009:14). As such, the research potential of the later-nineteenth century remains within the Waterloo Station site would be nil-low, rather than the low-moderate potential identified in the AARD. However, as demonstrated by the additional research undertaken for this report there is evidence for housing from at least the 1860s, if not earlier. These are tabulated below (also refer to Figure 5.17:

Table 5.1 Known pre-1880s buildings according to location. (Date of construction is not certain).

AARD Code Lease Address Description Date

WS1 William West 49 Botany Road Timber shop + dwelling 1870s

51-53 Botany Road Brick shop & dwelling 1870s

55-57 Botany Road Brick and timber semi-detached By 1888

134-138 Raglan Street Timber and iron houses

1870s 1881 timber School Hall replaces No.138

128-130 Raglan Street Primitive Methodist Church substantial brick and iron structure

1871

WS2 John Glover 59 Botany Road Brick shop + dwelling of 6 rooms 1860s

61-63 Botany Road Timber and iron shop + dwelling 1860s

53-55 Botany Street Attached timber and iron houses

1860s

WS3 57-59 Botany Street Attached brick houses 1860s

WS4 WS6 (part)

Joseph Sawyer 69 Botany Road Large timber and iron shop + dwelling

1860s



AARD Code Lease Address Description Date

WS6 71 Botany Road Small timber and iron dwelling behind 69

1860s

73 Botany Road Timber and iron house 1860s

WS5 71 Botany Street Wooden house 1870s

73-75 Botany Street Brick shop and dwelling 1860s

WS7 77 - 79 Botany Street Timber house +sheds and deep yard – fuel merchants

1860s

WS8 (part) WS12 (part)

William Powell 91-97 Botany Street Banbury Terrace brick 1869

WS15 Alfred Flack 117 Botany Road Alfred Flack, diemaker’s business

1861

Figure 5.10 Photograph of a terrace row at 52-60 Foster Street, Surry Hills taken 15 June 1917. The terrace was likely built around the mid-nineteenth century and would be similar to the 1860s terraces within the study area (http://www.photosau.com.au/cos/scripts/ExtSearch.asp?SearchTerm=000916).

Figure 5.11 Examples of weatherboard and brick single storey cottages and a terrace row in Darlington, to the west of Redfern, which are of a similar date to the Waterloo dwellings.

Although it is likely that there are additional houses built before 1888, the lack of supporting documentation makes this uncertain. The lack of building regulations has resulted in an irregular pattern of some property boundaries with buildings set back from the road behind others and accessed by laneways, and the form of some houses, as shown on the1893 plan, may indicate that there are additional early houses and shops. Although Aird states that the Waterloo area had been connected to the Southern Main Outfall Sewer by 1889, this may not have been the case (see

http://www.photosau.com.au/cos/scripts/ExtSearch.asp?SearchTerm=000916



Section 3.3 above). It seems that even by 1890, sewerage had not been constructed, night soil collection had not begun and cesspits were common (Karskens & Rogowsky 2004:60). As such, although some of the properties appear to be sewered many are shown with cesspits indicating construction prior to the provision of sewerage and reticulated water. Those properties shown to be sewered may be of later date, but may also originally have had a cesspit over which a WC was constructed, as was common practice. The lack of historical documentation is such that there may be houses or shops that are earlier than the 1860s, and that some buildings, for which nothing is known and shown on the 1893 may also belong to the 1860s or earlier period (Figure 5.17) The surviving physical evidence of terraces and brick houses within the study area should be as sandstone wall foundations defining each room, though brick examples are known (see Figure 5.5, Figure 5.8 and Figure 5.9 above). A number of the houses within the study area are described as wooden or timber and iron, likely weatherboard cottages, which will survive as brick wall foundations, brick piers or post holes defining wall lines (Figure 5.8 and Figure 5.9 above). Cesspits may be timber-lined, brick or sandstone block and may contain a range of artefacts associated with their period of use and the life of each building (Figure 5.12). As indicated in the Australian Museum Consulting excavations at Ultimo and Castlereagh Streets, there is potential for evidence of modifications to the landscape prior to construction of housing to survive in the archaeological record (see Figure 5.3 and Figure 5.8 above). Evidence of such modifications would contribute to our understanding of early land management practices and of contemporary acceptable hygienic site conditions or how site preparation changed across the city block.

Figure 5.12 An example of a timber-lined cesspit, left, and a double sandstone block cesspit.

5.3 Contamination Testing

On 7 November 2011, Douglas Partners Pty Ltd undertook testing for contaminants at the Waterloo Station site. The testing process comprises a number of boreholes and some nine test pits, of which three have been opened. The process was monitored by Adam Pietrzak, AMBS Senior Archaeologist and Chris Langeluddecke, AMBS Director Aboriginal Heritage. Excavations for Test Pit (TP) 08, 09 and 10 exposed evidence of occupation immediately below the concrete floor slabs (Figure 5.13 – Figure 5.16). Initially mechanical excavations were done using a 250mm wide toothed bucket; however, it was clear that this was inappropriate to the site conditions and a 2m mud bucket was fitted.



Test Pit Address Results

TP08 57-59 Botany Street Exposed sandstock brick fragments with diamond frog. Excavation halted.

TP09 71 Botany Street Exposed sandstone and brick surface. Excavation halted and protective fencing erected

TP10 81 Botany Street Exposed quantity of asbestos. Excavation halted

Figure 5.13 Detail of plan of the Waterloo Station site showing locations of boreholes and test pits (Douglas Partners Pty Ltd).

TP08

TP09

TP10



Figure 5.14 TP10 exposed dry-pressed bricks and asbestos and was closed.

Figure 5.15 View west of TP08 and detail of sandstock brick with diamond frog.

Figure 5.16 View west of TP09 the exposed sandstone block and brick surface is butted to the west by a firm dark deposit (left). View north across the site showing TP09 enclosed by protective fencing.



5.4 Archaeological Research Potential

The archaeological remains of any site are finite but have the potential to provide insights into everyday life that are not available from any other source. Construction of the new Waterloo Station includes extensive excavations that will remove any archaeological remains within the construction footprint. The additional historical research undertaken for this report and the physical evidence exposed during the contamination testing indicates that there is potential for archaeological remains dating to the 1860s and 1870s, and perhaps earlier, to be present with good integrity. That there is a dearth of documentary evidence for the residential and commercial development of the Waterloo study area may accord intact substantive archaeological remains with considerable to high research potential. Such remains may include:

• Physical evidence of domestic and commercial spaces, such as shops with domestic areas at the rear and/ or above the shop.

• Physical evidence of outbuildings and evidence of their use.

• Domestic and working spaces defined by wall foundations.

• Occupation deposits beneath floors, within cesspits, rubbish pits and possibly wells that allow conclusions to be drawn as to standards of living and access to goods.

• Strategies to modify the swampy landscape prior to create a habitable environment prior to and perhaps after the construction of buildings.

Artefacts recovered may make an important contribution to our understanding of the development of an area designated as a slum. As demonstrated by excavations such as the excavations at the CSR, Pyrmont site where discrete assemblages associated with each household, demonstrated aspirations to a better life. As such, the artefact assemblages associated with each house or shop would have the potential to reveal information regarding population densities, occupations, class and gender. Modifications to the landscape are rarely recorded in early documents regarding settlement, other than the occasional mention of tree-felling and the like. Evidence of preparation of the landscape for occupation, which may be similar to the evidence exposed at Ultimo and Castlereagh Street, would contribute to our understanding of early land management practices. Similarly, although there is no documentary evidence to suggest that the block was reclaimed at any time in the past to create a more habitable environment, is a possibility. Physical evidence of such activities would make an important contribution to our understanding of early settlement patterns and activities in the area. The lack of certainty regarding the identity of early housing and businesses is such that the entire Waterloo Station site must be identified as having research potential. In addition, as it is likely that at least a number of the early houses within the Waterloo Station site will have survived with good integrity these will, as a group, have high research potential.



Figure 5.17 The 1893 Sydney Water Plan overlain by the area boundaries and codes identified in the AARD. Houses known or likely to be pre-1870s are highlighted in red. Cesspits are highlighted in yellow.



6 Archaeological Significance

The physical evidence of past activities is a valuable resource that is embodied in the fabric, setting, history and broader environment of an item, place or archaeological site. The above evaluation of the Waterloo Station site has identified the potential for relatively intact archaeological resources. ‘Cultural heritage significance’ and ‘heritage value’ are terms used to express the tangible and intangible values of an item, place or archaeological site, and the response that it evokes in the community. An item will be considered to be of local (or State) significance if, in the opinion of the Heritage Council of NSW, it meets one or more of the seven SHR criteria.

6.1 AMBS Updated Assessment of Archaeological Significance

The AARD has identified the Waterloo Station site as having nil-low potential for pre-1880 archaeological resources and that archaeological remains relating to commercial and industrial activity from the 1880s would have local significance (see Sections 1.2 and 4 above). As noted in Section 4, AMBS has re-evaluated the likelihood of evidence for archaeological remains dating to the 1860s and 1870s, if not earlier, to be present and to have good integrity and high research potential. The following is an updated assessment of the significance of these potential remains against the SHR criteria.

Criterion (a) an item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the local area);

The archaeology of this site is associated with domestic and commercial premises of the mid-nineteenth century which may provide information regarding the settlement and urban development of the Waterloo area. It may contribute to the debate on the ‘perceived’ character of the mid- and later-nineteenth century slums and the nature of landlord and tenant relationships and poor housing stock. It may provide evidence of the form and function of mid-nineteenth century buildings and how they change with use, the development of the area, and information regarding responses to the local environment prior to the provision of reticulated water, sewerage and municipal waste collection. Discrete artefact assemblages associated with extant early houses and businesses have the potential to reveal information regarding population densities, occupations, class and gender. The archaeological resource has the potential to demonstrate the pattern of occupation within the Waterloo Station site and would have local significance.

Criterion (b) an item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the local area);

If present with good integrity, the archaeological resource associated with the initial settlement and occupation of the Waterloo Station site has the potential to provide an insight into a locale that was designated as a slum from the 1870s into the twentieth century. There is potential that artefact assemblages would provide a comparable insight into our understanding of ‘slum’ conditions to that provided by other sites within the Sydney area. The archaeological resource has the potential to provide an insight into a particular aspect of the cultural history of the Waterloo area that is not available from other sources and would have local significance.



Criterion (c) an item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area);

The archaeological resource in the Waterloo Station site is unlikely to demonstrate a high degree of creativity or technical achievement. However, if evidence survives of significant modifications of the swampy landscape to create a more habitable environment this may be deemed to comply with this criterion and have local significance

Criterion (d) an item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW for social, cultural or spiritual reasons (or the local area);

While no consultation has been undertaken with the local community in relation to the values of the archaeology, it is acknowledged that local communities are interested in the archaeology of their local area and its development. It is possible that if substantial and intact archaeology is found it may have value to the local community or specific community groups. The threshold for significance against this criterion has not been met at this time.

Criterion (e) an item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the local area);

If present with good integrity, the archaeological resource has considerable to high research potential for its ability to provide an insight into the settlement, development and everyday activities of a community within the Waterloo Station site. The artefact assemblages associated with houses and businesses have the potential to provide an insight into population densities, occupations, class and gender. The archaeology of the Waterloo Station site has the potential to make a contribution to an understanding of the development of housing and commercial activity within Waterloo and the ‘perceived’ and actual nature of nineteenth century slums. Occupation deposits from underfloors, the content of cesspits, rubbish pits, wells and cisterns (if present), would provide insights into domestic and commercial practices which are not available from any other source. The lack of previous archaeological investigations in the Waterloo area means that assemblages from this site may provide a good baseline resource for wider local research. This assemblage could be evaluated and compared with assemblages from other similar and contemporary urban sites. Analysis of soils and the fill of cesspits and the like could provide information regarding the pre-colonial landscape, plantings associated with the settlement of the area and the diet of the local community. If evidence survives of significant modifications of the swampy landscape to create a more habitable environment this would enhance our understanding of local land management practices. The archaeological resource has the potential to provide an insight into the development of an area of Waterloo described as a slum and would have local significance.

Criterion (f) an item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the local area);

The Waterloo Station site and its large group of archaeological remains or mid-nineteenth-century housing presents the opportunity to examine an archaeological resource with the potential to provide an insight into the development of a local community that was ‘perceived’ as a slum. If the archaeology has good integrity, the artefact assemblage associated with houses and businesses



dating to the 1860s and 1870s, and perhaps earlier, would contribute to an understanding of life in a slum and information regarding population densities, occupations, class and gender, and would have local significance. Evidence of modifications of the natural landscape to create a more habitable environment

Criterion (g) an item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments (or the local area).

If present with good integrity, physical remains of houses, outbuildings, cesspits and underfloor deposits, would be comparable with the archaeological resources from other similar urban sites. The archaeological resource of the Waterloo Station site would have local significance.

6.2 Statement of Archaeological Significance

The archaeological resource associated with the Waterloo Station site, if present with good integrity, has the potential to provide information regarding the mid-nineteenth century development of housing and industry of a local ‘slum’ community. It may contribute to the debate on the ‘perceived’ character of the mid- and later-nineteenth century slums and the nature of landlord and tenant relationships and poor housing stock. Physical evidence of houses and outbuildings, as well as artefact assemblages from underfloor deposits, cesspits and rubbish pits, if present with good integrity, have the potential to provide an insight into life in a slum and information regarding population densities, occupations, class and gender. Evidence from the archaeological resource of the Waterloo Station site, such as personal and domestic artefacts, has the potential to be compared with assemblages from similar sites and assist with addressing research questions relating to urbanisation, material culture, consumerism, identity, and everyday life of a mid-nineteenth century slum. If evidence of modifications to the landscape to create a more habitable environment survive in the archaeological record this would contribute to our understanding of early land management practices and of contemporary acceptable hygienic site conditions or how site preparation changed across the city block. The archaeological resource associated with the Waterloo Station site, if present with good integrity, would have local significance.



7 Archaeological Method Statement

Archaeological remains can enhance the historical record and as such make a contribution to an understanding of the history and settlement of a local area. As identified in this report, the archaeological resource within the project footprint, if present with good integrity, has high research potential and local significance, and may prove to have state significance. In view of the substantial costs involved in the archaeological excavation of a site, the research design should be problem-oriented; however, allowance should always be made for new questions to respond to unexpected archaeological evidence. Archaeological research questions provide a framework for an archaeological investigation and for the analysis of the results of the excavation and artefacts recovered during excavations.

7.1 AMBS Research Questions

To ensure that the research potential and significance of an archaeological resource is realised, archaeological investigations should aim to address substantive research themes. The following research questions would form the foundation of the archaeological investigations within the footprint of the Waterloo Station site. These will be developed into an Archaeological Research Framework to inform all historical archaeological projects being undertaken within the Sydney Metro tunnelling projects by AMBS and Casey & Lowe, which will be updated as the project progresses. This assists with ensuring that the Sydney Metro archaeological program has substantive research outcomes. Relevant research question to this site are:

Landscape & Environmental Archaeology

• Is there surviving evidence of the early local landscape and environment, such as early soils, and fossil pollens and seeds?

• Is there evidence of early land-use practices and what can this evidence tell us about the modification of the original landscape?

• Is there evidence that reclamation was used to create a more habitable environment, and if so what are its components and source(s)?

• Is there evidence for modifications to housing in response to the local environment

Residential Housing, Commercial Premises and Material Culture

• What can the construction techniques, size, layout and form of the houses, sheds, outbuildings and cesspits tell us regarding the period of use and areas of activity?

• Are there intact occupation deposits and what can these tell us about settlement patterns, the survival mechanisms of a mid-nineteenth-century urban ‘slum’ community? What are the patterns of subsistence and self-reliance and how do they inform us about this local environment and adaptation to it?

• What can the contents of occupation deposits from beneath floors, cesspits, rubbish pits and wells / cisterns (if present) tell us about the daily lives and domestic practices of this community, which could be evaluated and compared with artefact assemblages from similar sites within primary urban environments, that may not be available from other sources?

• What can the artefact assemblages tell us about the minutiae of everyday life of the people working and living within this local community? What do the artefact assemblages from houses tell us about population densities, occupations, class and gender of this slum community?



• Does the archaeological evidence of the site support the ‘slum’ depictions of Waterloo generally and as suggested in the novel Jonah? Is this depiction more about poor housing and a landlord tenant relationship than about the lives of the residents.

• What similarities and differences can be discerned between the artefact assemblages from the Waterloo slum houses when compared with other sites in Sydney?

The above questions should allow for responding to larger research themes relating to: consumerism, material culture, urbanisation, and personal and social identity. The research questions will inform the procedure for recording the archaeological resource uncovered during excavation, the recovery and storage of artefacts and provide a framework for the excavation. In addition, new questions are likely to arise during excavation and / or during the post-excavation analysis, which may provide additional insights into different aspects of the site that may not have been previously considered.

7.2 Archaeological Management

The day-to-day management of the archaeological excavations will be undertaken by Secondary Excavation Director, Kevin Hickson. However, as the area of potential archaeology is large with potential for early and intact physical remains and as such, the Primary Excavation Director, Jennie Lindbergh, will attend the site on a daily basis to consult with the Secondary Excavation Director, to provide advice regarding the strategy for the archaeological resource and to direct excavations where this is required. This will ensure that significant archaeology is managed in accordance with Heritage Council requirements. Key members of the team will be Guy Hazell, surveyor, who will set out the site grid, grid areas of occupation deposit and survey all site features to contribute to the overall plan of the site in its entirety and in accordance with each identified phase of the site. Adam Pietrzak, AMBS Senior Archaeologist, will be important in assisting both the Primary and Secondary EDs in the day to day management of the site. The archaeological investigations program will comprise:

• Testing and monitoring slab and overburden removal to determine the extent, integrity and potential significance of the underlying archaeology (Section 7.2.2).

• If archaeological remains are present with good integrity open area stratigraphic excavation would proceed to salvage all archaeological remains within a defined area (Section 7.3).

The significance and research potential of the archaeological resource associated with the mid-nineteenth century houses, shops outbuildings and yards, and their location within the footprint of the excavation area means that these buildings will be excavated using both mechanical and manual techniques. The following methodology addresses all potential instances where archaeological investigations will be required within this site.

7.2.1 Heritage Induction

AMBS will prepare a document that addresses the project scope, identifying the sensitivities of the site and the relevant heritage requirements of the project and will be presented to all on-site personnel. The induction will be approved by the Primary Excavation Director (ED) and presented by the Secondary Excavation Director (ED). The induction/toolbox will include an illustrated easy to understand hard copy outlining the main points and procedure, which will include:

• Understanding the heritage significance of the anticipated archaeological resource, including:



• Repercussions of any breaches to the approved archaeological strategy

• Understanding the unexpected finds procedures

• The nature of the archaeological resource

• Maps showing location of anticipated archaeological features

• Photographs of the types of anticipated archaeological features

Additional toolbox meetings will be given each day, as required, to provide an overview and management of the anticipated archaeological resource for that day and in the event of unanticipated relics or features being exposed.

7.2.2 Archaeological Testing & Monitoring

Mechanical removal of the extant concrete slabs and wall foundations across the site will be monitored by the Secondary ED, Kevin Hickson and, if required by the scale of work, assisted by AMBS Senior Archaeologist Adam Pietrzak. The archaeological monitoring will be undertaken across the station box and in all areas where ground-breaking activities will occur. If there are no underlying archaeological relics, features or deposits in the areas under investigation, the Primary ED will attend the site to verify and a Clearance Certificate will be prepared by the Primary ED to inform the project team and Proponent in writing. There is potential that unexpected relics may be exposed during site works, which will be addressed by the Primary ED (see Section 7.5 below). Where a significant archaeological resource with good integrity is exposed, open area excavation will proceed following removal of the overburden and once the area has been made safe to salvage the archaeological remains.

7.3 Open Area Stratigraphic Excavation

The extent that open area excavation will be required will not be known until the potential archaeology has been exposed with removal of slabs, wall foundations and demolition debris. The aim will be to excavate a sample of the most intact of the early properties within the area of the station box. In the unlikely situation that every building within the station box, except where there are basements, appears to have good integrity of early deposits and features, a sample only will be excavated. Determination of the sample will be based on, but not limited to:

• the property has early and mid-nineteenth century features and deposits.

• largely intact occupation deposits within rooms, cesspits and outbuildings

• where the artefact assemblage is likely to provide an insight into the lives and activities of the occupants.

Open area excavation will proceed once the site has been made safe. Initially, excavations will be directed by the Secondary ED, Kevin Hickson, assisted by Senior Archaeologist Adam Pietrzak, in consultation and under the direction of the Primary ED, Jennie Lindbergh. The team will likely comprise up to 20 archaeologists, though this may increase or reduce in accordance with the site archaeology. Excavation will be in accordance with the following methodology to ensure that all significant archaeological relics, features and deposits are appropriately managed and recorded:

• Establish a site datum and lay out a grid, relevant to the size of the site, 10m, 20m or 50m, across the site in order to record the levels of extant deposits, features and relics;



• Significant features will be recorded in detail and excavated manually under the supervision of the excavation director:

- All underfloor areas will be excavated within a 500mm grid, using 50mm spits, and wet sieved;

- Cesspits and rubbish pits will be excavated along tip lines (if identifiable);

• All significant archaeological deposits, features and relics that are exposed during the excavations will be recorded in accordance with heritage best practice standards.

Recording will include: - Cleaning features to facilitate photographic recording; - Scale plans; - Elevations of features, if relevant; - Digital photographs (in JPG and RAW format); and - Photogrammetry - Site survey; and - Detailed description of the feature, deposit or relic to ensure that a clear and

comprehensive record of the archaeological resource of the site is preserved for the future.

• Sequential numbering of features and deposits to facilitate preparation of a Harris Matrix and artefact labelling;

• Preparation and development of a Harris matrix, to show stratigraphic relationships between all recorded archaeological features and deposits;

• All information regarding the location, dimensions and characteristics of all recorded archaeological features and deposits will be recorded on pro-forma context sheets;

• Collection of all significant artefacts for analysis, except from non-significant unstratified fill. Samples of bricks and mortar will be collected from each structure, as relevant;

Soil samples will be taken from topsoils, cesspits and other relevant deposits for analysis by a palynologist. The results of the analysis should provide an insight into the indigenous and introduced flora of the locality and diet of the local community. A Clearance Certificate will be issued by the Historic Excavation Director for each site requiring archaeological testing or excavation and recording after investigations are completed at that particular location.

7.4 Archaeological Excavation and Sampling Strategy

7.4.1 The Station Box

As noted previously in this report very little is known about the pre-1888 history of the site. In addition, the area bounded by Botany Road, Raglan, Cope and Buckland Streets is extensive which will require a sampling strategy. As such, archaeological excavations within the station box will focus on specific buildings, as illustrated in Figure 7.1.

• Focus on those properties with some known history.

• Some single buildings are skewed to the road and property alignments or set back from the street, indicating that they may date to the 1860s or earlier. If these have good integrity these will be a focus of excavation.

• Terrace rows, such as Banbury Terrace, will be assessed for their integrity, and building(s) and yard area(s) with the greatest integrity will be selected for excavation.

• Cesspits will be sampled and those with good integrity and deposits, likely to provide an insight into the history of the property will be excavated.



It should be noted that the integrity and research potential of the physical remains may require that this strategy is modified to ensure that either;

• The archaeological and research potential of the site is fully realised; or

• The integrity of the physical remains is poor and will not contribute to the research questions for the site and do not warrant archaeological excavation and salvage.

Excavations of the station box are to be undertaken in three Stages, as indicated in Figure 7.1. Stage 1 comprises the central section the eastern sections of WS2, WS4, WS5, WS8 and WS12. This also includes the greater area and number of known and potential early buildings and as such, Stage 1 will also likely be sub-divided into more manageable Stages 1A and 1B. Stage 2 is the southern section of the station box and the eastern sections of WS13 (south of the basement), WS14, WS16 and WS17, to Buckland Street. Stage 3 is the northern section of the station box, the eastern section of WS1. As the station box bisects the Primitive Methodist Church, the area of excavation will be extended beyond the station box if the remains of the church have good integrity. All ground-breaking activities outside the boundaries of the station box should be monitored, irrespective of currently assumed likely research potential and significance, to ensure that the Unexpected Heritage Finds procedure does not need to be implemented and that all archaeological relics and remains are managed appropriately. This approach has been developed in accordance with the likely integrity, potential research value and significance of the Waterloo Station site archaeological resource. The aim of the archaeological program is to salvage archaeological remains within the station box with good integrity to respond to the research questions and to contribute to an understanding of the development of an area perceived to be a slum.

7.5 Unexpected Heritage Finds

As identified in this report there are houses and associated outbuildings, yards, and cesspits that may have survived with good integrity within the study area. These will be managed in accordance with the methodologies detailed above. However, there is potential that physical evidence associated with the early occupation of the local area may be present, but not exposed during the period of archaeological investigations; unexpected heritage finds. The unexpected heritage find may include, but not be limited to:

- Artefacts derived from housing that has been scattered across the site during the processes of demolition and building during the later nineteenth century and twentieth century.

- Rubbish pits containing waste and discarded artefacts disposed of away from housing - Evidence of early land management practices. - Some remains of early laneways which may include Telford road surfaces or a hardened

clay surface with wheel ruts. Work will cease within the immediate environment of the find and the Primary ED, Jennie Lindbergh will attend the site to determine its integrity and significance and to determine the appropriate management for the find. If of heritage significance, the Secretary and the Heritage Council will be informed, in accordance with Section 146. The Excavation Director will provide written confirmation of the relics local significance and management, and work will proceed.



Following completion of the appropriate management of the unexpected heritage find, the Primary ED will provide written advice that all archaeological investigations within an area have been completed and issue a Clearance Certificate to allow works to commence or resume.

7.6 Archaeological Relics Management Plan

As identified in this report, there is potential for state significant relics to be present within the Waterloo Station site. However, if the unexpected heritage find is assessed by the Primary ED, Jennie Lindbergh, as having State significance, an Archaeological Relics Management Plan will be prepared, in consultation with the Heritage Council and in accordance with Condition E20. State significant archaeological relics and features will generally, though not always, provide evidence of the beginnings of European settlement in a particular area. The earliest colonial settlements were established on the Cumberland Plain at Sydney, Parramatta and Windsor (Green Hills), with early grants also at Prospect Hill and along the Hawkesbury River near South Creek (Heritage Branch 2009:19). Evidence of early colonial land management and occupation contribute to and enhance an understanding of the development and growth of the colony. The evidence may include, but not be limited to:

• Evidence of the pre-settlement environment.

• Evidence of early land management practices.

• Evidence of early landscape modifications including land clearance practices.

• Agricultural practices and plantings.

• Evidence of early housing and associated cesspits / wells / cisterns / rubbish pits / outbuildings.

• Information regarding construction techniques of the settlement / farm / house.

• Artefact assemblages that provide an insight into daily life, conditions, tools of trade and mechanisms of exchange.

• Early burials. Should unexpected State significant archaeological relics or features be identified, work would cease in the vicinity and the Heritage Council of NSW and the Secretary would be informed in writing concerning the find. The Primary ED would consult with the Heritage Council to determine the appropriate management for the find. This may include manual excavation to determine the full extent of the find and recorded in accordance with the methodology identified in Section 7.3 above. The Primary ED will provide the Heritage Council and the Secretary, with a brief summary of the investigations on completion and application of the relic/feature to the relevant research themes and questions. Following completion of the appropriate management of the State significant archaeological relic, the Primary ED will provide written advice that all archaeological investigations within an area have been completed and issue a Clearance Certificate to allow works to commence or resume.

7.7 Post-Excavation Management

7.7.1 Artefact Management

Artefacts will be cleaned, bagged, and labelled in accordance with archaeological context, and appropriately stored for analysis so that any information that can contribute to the understanding of the site and its historical development is not lost. Artefact processing and analysis will be in



accordance with the Casey & Lowe system, developed over many years of excavation and analysis, and all artefacts will be entered into the Casey & Lowe database. The database for each site will be included in the Excavation Report for that site. Transport for NSW is providing a facility for processing, analysis and storage of the artefacts for the duration of the project. However, a repository for the long-term storage of the artefacts from the Sydney Metro project will also be required.

7.7.2 Final Excavation Report

At completion of the archaeological investigation program a report will be prepared detailing the results of the fieldwork and post-excavation analysis. The report will be prepared in accordance with current heritage best practice and the requirements of a standard excavation permit and will include:

An executive summary of the archaeological programme;

Due credit to the client paying for the excavation, on the title page;

An accurate site location and site plan (with scale and north arrow);

Historical research, references and bibliography;

Detailed information on the excavation, including the aim, the context for the excavation, procedures, treatment of artefacts (cleaning, conserving, sorting, cataloguing, labelling, scale photographs and/or drawings, location of repository) and analysis of the information retrieved;

Nominated repository for the items;

Detailed response to research questions (at minimum those stated in the approved Research Design);

Conclusions from the archaeological programme. The information must include a reassessment of the site’s heritage significance, statement(s) on how archaeological investigations at this site have contributed to the community’s understanding of the site and other comparable archaeological sites in the local area and recommendations for the future management of the site;

Details of how information about this excavation has been publicly disseminated (for example provide details about Public Open Days and include copies of press releases, public brochures and information signs produced to explain the archaeological significance of the site).



Figure 7.1 1893 Sydney Water plan overlain with the AARD Code Areas in teal and the western and northern boundaries of the station box in blue. The areas of archaeological sensitivity are those with some known history and are shaded in red, cesspits are shaded in yellow, and additional properties that may be archaeologically significant are shaded in blue. The three Excavation Stages are also indicated.

STAGE 3

STAGE 2

STAGE 1



Bibliography

Aird W.V. (1961) The Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage of Sydney. Halstead Press, Kingsgrove Arcadis / RPS / Jacobs (2016), ‘Project Description – Construction’, Chapter 7 of the Sydney Metro City & Southwest – Chatswood to Sydenham EIS. Archaeological & Heritage Management Solutions (AHMS; 2007) 31 Cope Street, Redfern: historical archaeological impact assessment and archaeological record, prepared for The Indigenous Land Council. Artefact Heritage (2016a) Sydney Metro City & Southwest – Chatswood to Sydenham Non-Aboriginal Heritage – Heritage Impact Assessment, Technical Paper 4 of the EIS, prepared for Arcadis / RPS / Jacobs. Artefact Heritage (2016b) Sydney Metro City & Southwest Chatswood to Sydenham, Historical Archaeological Assessment & Research Design, Appendix H of the EIS prepared for Arcadis / RPS / Jacobs. Australia ICOMOS (2013) Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS charter for the conservation of places of cultural significance, Burwood Australian Dictionary of Bibliography http://adb.anu.edu.au/

Daniel Cooper: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-daniel-1919 William Hutchinson: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hutchinson-william-2217

Solomon Levey: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/levey-solomon-2353 Australian Museum Consulting (2015a) 14–28 Ultimo Road, Ultimo Historical Archaeological Excavation Report prepared for the University of Technology, Sydney Australian Museum Consulting (2015b), 209 Castlereagh Street, Sydney Excavation Report. Prepared for Hamilton Marino Builders. Bell's Life in Sydney and Sporting Reviewer (4 September 1858) 'POLICE', p. 3, viewed 11 Oct 2017, Trove database, accessed online at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59869253 Casey & Lowe Associates (2000) Archaeological Investigation CSR Site, Pyrmont (Jacksons Landing) Volume 1: Description, Analysis & Interpretation. Prepared for Lend Lease Development. Casey, M (2004) ‘Falling through the cracks: method and practice at the CSR Site, Pyrmont’, Australasian Historical Archaeology, 22: 27-43. City of Botany Bay n.d., Botany's first post office, Botany Road, Botany, circa 1938, City of Botany Bay. Viewed 13 Oct 1017, Trove database, accessed online at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/187905790?q&versionId=204496091+204496092 City of Sydney Archives: ArchivPix, Historical Atlas, Sands Directories http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/archives Cultural Resources Management Archaeology and Heritage (2000) Archaeological Report Excavations at the First Stage Chubb Factory. Prepared for St Hilliers Pty Ltd

http://adb.anu.edu.au/

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59869253

http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/187905790?q&versionId=204496091+204496092

http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/archives



Cultural Resources Management Archaeology and Heritage (2009a) 157-159 Redfern Street, Redfern: Archaeological Assessment: European Archaeology. Report to DEICORP Pty Ltd. Cultural Resources Management Archaeology and Heritage (2009b) Letter to Heritage Branch, RE: Report on Testing Redfern RSL (Section 139 Exception). Heritage Division Records TRIM File DOC/B11920. Fitzgerald S (1987) Rising Damp Sydney 1870–90. Oxford University Press Godden Mackay Pty Ltd (1993) Market City Development Paddy’s Market: Archaeological Excavation Volume 2: Main Report; and Volume 4: Artefact Reports. Report to Rockvale Pty Ltd. Heritage Branch Department of Planning (2009) Assessing Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and ‘Relics’.

(2001) Assessing Heritage Significance. Karskens, G & M Rogowsky (eds) (2004) Histories of Green Square: Waterloo, Alexandria, Zetland, Beaconsfield, Rosebery. UNSW Printing & Publishing Services Land and Property Information's (LPI) Historical Land Records Viewer (HLRV): http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm Lindbergh, J (1999) ‘Buttoning Down Archaeology’, Australian Historical Archaeology 17: 50-57 Stone L (1911) Jonah. Methuen London. Available University of Sydney, http://purl.library.usyd.edu.au/setis/id/p00032 Trove (Digitised Newspapers) http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/?q=

http://images.maps.nsw.gov.au/pixel.htm



Appendix A

Land Titles Information & Block Plan



Number Dimensions Lessee Date Deed Remarks

1 W Botany Rd 25’ N Raglan St 200’ E Botany St 25’ S

William WEST, Botany Rd, builder

1 April 1855 Bk 49 No 945

2 W Botany Rd N West E Botany St 20’ S Bell

John Smith GLOVER, Sydney, clerk

1 October 1850 [sic – probably 1857]

Bk 51 No 659 Sands 1864 John Glover, Botany Road, dealer

3 W Botany Rd 25’ N Glover 200’ E Botany St 25’ S Barry 200’

George BOLT, Waterloo Estate, labourer

- Oct 1857 Bk 51 No 858 Sands 1864 George Bolt, Botany Road

4 W Botany Rd 25’ N George Bolt E Botany St 25’ S Phyper 200’

Charles BARRY, Waterloo Estate, bootmaker

6 March 1858 Bk 54 No 83 Sands 1864 Charles Barry, Botany Road

5 W Botany Rd 25’ N Barry 200’ E Botany St 25’ S Cook 200’

John PHYPERS, Waterloo Estate, labourer

13 March 1858 Bk 54 No 324

5 See above John PHYPERS, Sydney, maltster to Sarah STOKES, wife of Edmund STOKES, Sydney, dealer and her trustee

18 March 1873 Bk 134 No 994

6 W Botany Rd 25’ N Phyper 200’ E Botany St 25’ S Lawson 200’

Charles COOK, Waterloo Estate, labourer

13 March 1858 Bk 54 No 325

7 W Botany Rd 25’ N Charles Cook E Botany St S Sheppard [sic] 200’ PLUS W Botany Rd 25’ Depth 200’ E Botany St No other positional data – possibly adjoining above lot

Richard PUCKERIDGE, Pyrmont, brickmaker

30 July 1861 Bk 73 No 869

7.1 W Puckeridge 25’ N McCartney 100’ E Botany St 25’ S Hill 100’

Richard PUCKERIDGE, Pyrmont, brickmaker TO Joseph SAWYER, Botany St, Waterloo, cabinet maker

19 Oct 1865 Bk 95 No 769 Sands 1866 Ann Sawyer, Botany Road

8 2 parcels 1. Begins 3 chains 61 feet south of Raglan St W Botany Rd 50’ N Mrs Sawyer E Towns S Spanswick 100’

James HILL, Waterloo Estate, builder

1 January 1864 Bk 86 No 399



Number Dimensions Lessee Date Deed Remarks 2. Begins 2 chains 58 ft south of Raglan St E Botany St 30’ N Property 1 above ‘sic] W Mrs Sawyer S Towns

8.1 W Botany Rd 23’ 6” N Mrs Sawyer 100’ E Towns S Spanswick 100’ (half of land leased from Powell)

James HILL, Sydney, builder TO Joseph HINCHCLIFFE, Waterloo Estate, postmaster

16 Feb 1866 Bk 97 No 382

8.2 Begins 148 ft north of Buckland St W 11’ N Gardener 100’ E Botany St 11’ S a lane 100’

James HILL, Botany Rd, Waterloo Estate, bricklayer [plus Edwin Godfrey, Newtown, contractor & William Powell, Waterloo, builder] TO Charles COULSON, Sydney, mariner

8 May 1872 Bk 130 No 315

8.2.2 See above Emily COULSON, widow of Charles COULSON, Sydney, mariner TO John ABBOTT, Waterloo, dairyman

23 Feb 1876 Bk 157 No 805

9 Begins 242 ft north of Buckland St W Botany Rd 54’ N Mrs Powell (2 shops) 112’ E Rappeneker & Mrs Powell S Garland 112’

Rev Thomas John CURTIS, Redfern, Presbyterian minister

30 Aug 1878 Bk 183 No 437

10 W Botany Rd 26’ N Mrs Lewis 200’ E Botany St 26’ S Pitman 200’ (lately occupied by William Stewart)

James TEMPLETON, Sydney, baker

13 April 1864 Bk 87 No 622

11 W Botany Rd 52’ 6” N Templeton E Botany St 52’ S Eves [sic]

John HURST, Waterloo, watchmaker

2 March 1871 Bk 125 No 473

11 See above John HURST, Waterloo, watchmaker TO Thomas Barber

5 April 1873 Bk 138 No 338



Number Dimensions Lessee Date Deed Remarks GOLDFINCH, Waterloo, butcher

12 W Botany Rd 40’ N Wm Powell 200’ E Botany St S Townshend 200’

Martin SMITH 1 July 1855 Recited in Bk 86 No 53

12 See above Martin SMITH, Waterloo Estate, dealer & William POWELL, Waterloo Estate, gentleman TO Benjamin EVE, Waterloo Estate, woolsorter

16 Dec 1863 Bk 86 No 53

13 W Botany Rd 50’ N Martin Smith 200’ E Botany St 54’ S Alfred Flack

Samuel TOWNSHEND, Redfern, butcher

18 Oct 1862 Bk 80 No 509

13 See above Samuel TOWNSHEND, Botany Rd. Waterloo, butcher TO John MULDER, Pitt St, Redfern, grocer

1 May 1865 Bk 92 No 866 Sands 1866, J Mulder, Botany Road, grocer

14 W Botany Rd 49’ N 207’ E Botany St 57’ S John Isaac Holborow

Alfred FLACK, Botany Rd, die sinker

1 January 1858 Bk 61 No 83

14.1 Part of above W Botany Rd 24’ N 100’ E Alfred Flack S John Isaac Holborow

Alfred FLACK, Botany Rd, die sinker TO John PAUL, Botany Rd, brickmaker

1 May 1865 Bk 93 No 464

15 W Botany Rd 25’ N 200’ E Botany St 25’ S Buckland St 200’

John Isaac HOLBOROW, Waterloo, -

27 June 1878 Bk 181 No 424



Locations of Leases listed above within the Block bounded by Botany Road, Raglan, Botany and Buckland Streets

Raglan Street

25’ WEST Number 1 35’ GLOVER Number 2 20’

25’ GEORGE BOLT Number 3 26’ 25’ CHARLES BARRY Number 4 25’

25’ PHYPERS Number 5 STOKES

25’

25’ CHARLES COOK Number 6 25’

25’ PUCKERIDGE Number 7

SAWYER Number 7.1 25’

50’ HILL Number 8 COULSON Number 8.2 11’ ABBOTT

23’ 6” HINCHCLIFFE Number 8.1 50’ HILL Number 8 (part?)

112’ 54’ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Number 9 112’

26’ TEMPLETON Number 10

52’ 6” HURST Number 11 GOLDFINCH

52’

40’ SMITH Number 12 EVE

50’ TOWNSEND Number 13 MULDER

54’

49’ FLACK Number 14

57’

100’ 24’ PAUL Number 14.2 100’

25’ HOLBOROW Number 15 25’ Buckland Street



Appendix B

Built History of the Waterloo Station Site from 1880. prepared by Charles Pickett

Introduction Running south from Redfern to Botany Bay, Botany Road was one of Sydney’s first major roads. Commencing from a toll-gate in Redfern, it was constructed to Governor Macquarie’s order from 1818 primarily to provide access to the flour mills established at Waterloo by William Hutchinson and Daniel Cooper. With access to abundant water supplies Waterloo became one of Sydney’s first industrial areas. William Hutchinson had come to Sydney as a convict but by 1814 was Superintendent of Public Works and Convicts. In 1823 he was rewarded with a land grant of 1400 acres (655 hectares) which combined with the Waterloo Estate of Daniel Cooper, another former convict now prosperous businessman. Hutchinson and Cooper did not divest themselves of their vast Estate. Instead, they sold 99-year leases on parts of it. In 1857 they sold such a lease for £900 to carpenter and builder Thomas Powell of 7006 square metres (1 acre, 2 roods, 37 perches) bounded by Botany Road, Raglan and Botany streets. Buckland Street had not yet been formed so the land extended 105 metres (5 chains, 72 links) south along Botany Road (LPI Book 48, No.557, 1 April, 1857). William Powell lived at Botany Street and retained some of the leased land but sub-leased most of it to numerous tenants for annual ground rentals of usually a few pounds per year. Powell was also active in forming Waterloo Municipality, proclaimed in 1860, briefly becoming Mayor of Waterloo before his death in 1877. Powell’s widow Martha inherited the lease; following her death in 1885 Matthew Smith was responsible for managing the lease, followed from 1901 by Henry Smith. 49, 51, 55 and 57 Botany Road, 134, 136, 138 Raglan Street, 114 Cope Street. Waterloo Council records prior to 1888 have not survived however there is ample evidence that a decade or so earlier of commercial properties extended south down Botany Road from Raglan Street. In 1911, Louis Stone’s novel Jonah described the scene thus:

It was Saturday night, and Waterloo, by immemorial habit, had flung itself on the shops, bent on plunder. For an hour past a stream of people had flowed from the back streets into Botany Road, where the shops stood in shining rows, awaiting the conflict. The butcher's caught the eye with a flare of colour as the light played on the pink and white flesh of sheep, gutted and skewered like victims for sacrifice; the saffron and red quarters of beef, hanging like the limbs of a dismembered Colossus; and the carcasses of pigs, the unclean beast of the Jews, pallid as a corpse…At the grocer's the light was reflected from the gay labels on tins and packages and bottles, and the air was heavy with the confused odour of tea, coffee and spices. Cabbages, piled in heaps against the door-posts of the greengrocer's, threw a rank smell of vegetables on the air…The buyers surged against the barricade of counters, shouting their orders, contesting the ground inch by inch as they fought for the value of a penny. And they emerged staggering under the weight of their plunder, laden like ants with food for hungry mouths — the insatiable maw of the people (Louis Stone, Jonah, Sydney, 1911).

Botany Road was Waterloo’s main street for buying and selling, but the parallel Botany Street was primarily residential. During the twentieth century Waterloo became synonymous with slum housing. Former Premier Jack Lang bemoaned the fact that ‘one had to travel through the slums of Waterloo and Redfern to reach Captain Cook’s landing place’, while Waterloo Council’s health officer reported that 500 of Waterloo’s 2000 dwellings were unfit for habitation (Sydney Morning Herald, 23 March, 1938, p.23). Local member and NSW Premier Bill McKell blamed Waterloo’s history:



The depressed district is mostly in the Daniel Cooper estate. Sir Daniel Cooper, almost a

century ago, had big property holdings…He didn't sell his land. He leased it on 99 year leases. Landlords built the cheapest possible type of house on these leaseholds. Nevertheless, a century ago they were considered pretty good residences. Today they are substandard. Landlords won't even splash a tin of paint on them because in a few years the properties (including the sub-standard homes) revert back to the Daniel Cooper Estate (Truth, 19 January, 1947, p.33).

As founder of the NSW Housing Commission, Bill McKell was instrumental in the post-War rebuild of Waterloo and Redfern, with the eastern side of Botany Street flattened and rebuilt with public housing. Yet until the 1940s Waterloo’s built environment changed remarkably little, frozen in time compared the headlong suburban building happening elsewhere. There is an unusual similarity between many of the building footprints recorded in the 1893 Water Board Plan and that of the 1949 City Council Civic Survey. By the 1920s Waterloo Council’s valuation books show numerous houses rated barely above land value. Yet Botany Road and Botany Street were slowly transformed. From the 1920s housing and shops began to be replaced with factories and warehouses, a process which accelerated after Waterloo became part of Sydney City Council in 1948 and the block was rezoned light industrial. By the late 1950s the block’s retail and residential function had all but disappeared, no doubt to the satisfaction of the City Council.

Botany Road

49 Botany Road By the 1870s the northern corners of the Botany Road and Raglan Street intersection were occupied by the Sportsmen’s Arms and Sycamore hotels while the south east corner hosted William James’ ‘old established Grocery BUSINESS…doing a first-class business, leading thoroughfare, splendid position’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 28 September 1881, p.13). WG James sub-leased the corner block occupied by his weatherboard and iron shop, residence and sheds, presumably a salubrious structure as it was rated at £152 in 1888, the highest rating on the block. James was the first of a succession of grocers at 49 Botany Road, succeeded by John Gostwick Green, who successfully applied for a Colonial Wine License for his business in 1901 (Evening News, 1 October 1901, p.1). By this time the property was owned by Sydney wine and spirits merchant Charles D’Arcy. In 1913 Sir Daniel Cooper’s son (also Sir Daniel Cooper), recalled the 1857 lease on the northernmost part of the block, from Raglan Street down Botany Road to number 57 and Botany Street to number 55. This 1163 square metres was sold to Charles D’Arcy for £750. (LPI Book 993, No.822, 18 April, 1913). The corner shop continued its grocery role into the 1930s: ‘FOR SERVICE AND QUALITY GO TO PRINCE'S BOTANY ROAD AND RAGLAN STREET, WATERLOO. Relief coupons taken, Orders called for and delivered. Phone MA1007’ (Labor Daily, 21 December 1932, p.8). However, by 1936 the store had gone, the corner block vacant and fenced off for more than a decade. About 1950 it was leased for a service station built for Standard Cars Pty Ltd. In 1961, following Charles D’Arcy’s death in 1959, his property was sold to the upholstering firm Comfytex Pty Ltd which already owned premises at Botany Road (LPI Transfer H94089, 30 November, 1961). The1145 square metres of land facing Raglan Street between Botany road and Botany Street was resurveyed as Lot 4, Deposited Plan 215751.



During the mid-1960s the entire site was sold to Arianna Holdings, which erected the existing building, leased to a variety of tenants including the TAB, newsagents, and a Foodland supermarket, while a various trades were carried out in the first and second floor studios (LPI Vol.9340, Folio 10, 15 November 1967). 51 and 53 Botany Road From some time during the 1870s, Isabell Beeby ran a drapery store at this brick shop and dwelling. She was succeeded in 1885 by Llewelyn Preston Williams, a chemist who created and sold patent medicines. Williams was similarly the first of a succession of chemists at number 51, although from 1935 the large shed occupying the yard was used by Edward Taylor, battery manufacturer. 55 and 57 Botany Road shared a brick and timber semi-detached building, two houses of three rooms, home to a succession of tenants. 134, 136, 138 Raglan Street This short stretch of Raglan Street hosted three cottages, probably three of those advertised for rent in 1879: ‘Cottage, BOTANY-ROAD; three Cottages, in side passage; and Cottage, fronting BOTANY-STREET about midway between the junction of BOTANY ROAD with BOTANY-STREET and RAGLAN-STREET. TITLE-Sir DANIEL COOPER'S LEASEHOLD, for 99 years, at the nominal ground rent of £10 8s per annum’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 21 May 1879, p.10). The three Raglan Street cottages were accessible from the rear via a side passage from Raglan Street. 136-138 was an attached pair of timber and iron cottages, demolished in 1935 and left vacant behind a fence. 134 was a brick and iron 3 room residence and shop which by 1900 was functioning as an oyster saloon; by the 1930s it was still a fish shop, surviving until the 1960s. 130, 132 Raglan Street, 114 Cope Street The corner with Botany Street was occupied by a Primitive Methodist church opened in 1871, followed a decade later by a Sunday School Hall facing Raglan Street. The Primitive Methodists emerged in England during the early 1800s. An attempt to recapture John Wesley’s revivalist fervour; they built a strong presence in Australia. The church was a substantial brick and iron structure dominating the corner of Raglan and Botany streets. The hall of timber and iron was less impressive but well used for Sunday school and other church activities and meetings. It was also let for secular uses. In 1902, the five branches of Methodism in NSW amalgamated as one church and the Waterloo church was rebranded as Methodist. However, its flock diminished and it ceased to function as a house of worship in 1919. The hall was let to Heckles and White, upholsterers, while the former church became a broom factory. The broom factory tenancy was short-lived: ‘When the brigades arrived the contents of the building mostly consisting of brooms and raw material, were burning fiercely. Within half an hour the firemen had the outbreak under control. The building which was of one floor, constructed of brick with an iron roof, was severely damaged. It is owned by Messrs. Hardress and Forbes’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 17 November 1920, p.13). Hardress and Forbes had run a furniture factory at 17 Botany Road, Redfern for some time; in 1924 it was also damaged by fire and by 1925 the furniture operations had moved to the former church, which was leased to Hardress and Forbes until the 1960s. 59-63 Botany Road, 116-118 Cope Street (57-61 Botany Street) In 1928 most of the Waterloo block was purchased by Quong Wing, who owned two furniture manufactories at Waterloo, trading under the names Rising & Co. and Kissing & Co. Quong’s



purchase did not include Charles D’Arcy’s land at the northern end of the block, as well as a few other lots which had already been excised (LPI Vol.4224, Folio 96, 5 December 1928). This purchase also brought the block into the Torrens Title system, replacing the opaque web of leases and sub-leases. By 1928 Waterloo and Alexandria were the centre of Chinese life in Sydney, although the area was not always welcoming. In 1882 the Evening News commented on a scene viewed on Botany Road near Raglan Street: ‘Some boys had been pelting with stones an unfortunate Chinaman…This passage of events was witnessed by a number of men who had not the manliness to interfere and protect ' a stranger in a strange land' from being insulted by a mob of larrikins’ (Evening News, 26 January 1882, p.3). However, in the early twentieth century furniture manufacture was the most successful and high-profile activity of Chinese workers and businessmen, despite the disapproval of the Labour movement and others, and Waterloo was the focus of this trade, whether run and staffed by Chinese or by others. Rising & Co moved to 115 Botany Road in 1915, a few years before Quong Wing became well-known for successfully suing the owner of a City retail store for rescinding a lease agreed with Quong, who planned to sell his furniture there. That ‘the value of the property would be depreciated if it were let to Chinese’ was one of several arguments dismissed by Justice Street (Sydney Morning Herald, 9 July 1921, p.9). Rising’s furniture was stocked by Farmer’s and other city department stores. 59 Botany Road was a double-fronted brick shop and dwelling of six rooms, first leased and occupied by grocer William Glover, one of William Powell’s original sub-lessees. In 1884 the sub-lease on the grocery business was transferred to L L Chapman, who hoped ‘to merit a share of the patronage hitherto bestowed’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 25 July 1884, p.1). Chapman moved to number 65 a few years later, and the shop was tenanted by a succession of grocers and fishmongers. 61 Botany Road, also first leased by the Glover family, was a timber and iron shop and residence. It was tenanted for some time by bootmaker William Potts and others until 1925, when it became the rooms of the Alexandria & Waterloo Workmen’s Institute. Formed about 1900, the Institute was part of a network of similar societies offering social and sporting opportunities to working men. These lofty goals were not always met; the Institute’s previous rooms across the road at 72 Botany Road were closed after complaints of drunken and rowdy behaviour (Evening News, 11 October 1923, p.9). In 1935 the Institute sold off its leases on Botany Road property (Sydney Morning Herald, 12 March 1935, p.7). A few years later numbers 59 and 61 were sold to machinery merchant John Skinner (LPI Vol.5291, Folio 11, 16 December 1941). Skinner had already gained Council approval to build a ‘Machinery depot’ at 59-61 Botany Road and constructed a brick warehouse with an iron roof on the site (Construction, 19 November 1941, p.3). In 1942 he was advertising: ‘MCDONALD DIESEL, 3-5 h.p. Kerosene, Petrol Engines: Armstrong Friction Heist. Cletrac Tractor, Woodworking Machinery. Pumps, Piping. Fittings. J. Skinner, 59 Botany Rd, Waterloo. MX1063’ (Sydney Morning Herald 7 November 1942, p.2). 116-118 Cope Street (53-59 Botany Street). John Skinner’s purchase included the first five properties, numbers 53 to 61 on Botany Street south from the former Methodist Church. Numbers 53 and 55 Botany Street had been two attached timber and iron houses on land leased by William Glover. Number 53 was occupied by an aviarist for some years during the early twentieth century, advertising birds for sale regularly. These houses were demolished in 1941



following Skinner’s purchase. The two 1940s aerial surveys suggest that the now vacant block was used to store machinery and materials until the new warehouse was built during the 1960s. These two blocks became part of numbers 59 and 61 Botany Road during the 1840s, as Hardress and Forbes’ furniture factory in the church building became numbers 53 and 55 Botany Street. 57-59 Botany Street, an attached pair of brick houses valued at £21 in 1888, were also demolished in 1941 following John Skinner’s purchase. 61 Botany Street had a longer life, a two-story five room brick house valued at £42 in 1888, this and the vacant number 63 occupied the Botany Street end of Walter Hayter and successors’ produce store and yard at 63 Botany Road. It was demolished in 1963 for the 63 Botany Road another of the Glover family sub-leases, was occupied from the 1880s by a timber and iron produce store running deep into the block. First used by William Hayter, the building retained this function until 1919 when James Anderson began using it as a furniture warehouse. For most of the 1920s and 1930s it functioned as Whittingham’s motor garage, agents for Willy’s and Buick cars until 1939 when it was leased by neighbouring machinery merchant Frank Skinner. In 1962 numbers 59 to 61 were retitled as Lot 5, Deposited Plan 215751, and number 63 was purchased by Frank Skinner’s Estate. The existing warehouse building was completed between Botany Road and what was now numbered 116-118 Botany Street at that time (LPI Vol.9340, Folio 11, 21 January 1963). 65 Botany Road, 120 Cope Street (65 Botany Street) Laurence Latimer Chapman, who briefly owned the grocery at 59 Botany Road, took the lease on the two storey brick shop and house at 65 Botany Road from about 1888. Chapman also leased the house at the Botany Street end of this narrow block, also number 65. This was described as a timber and iron house in the 1888 rate books, but when surveyed in 1927 had been replaced by a two storey brick structure. Chapman resided here and rented the Botany Road shop to Caldwell Wines for use as a wine bar (LPI Deposited Plan, 78721, 8 July 1927). By this time Chapman owned the entire block and both buildings, having purchased from Sir Daniel Cooper junior at the same time as Charles D’Arcy (LPI Book 993, No.822, 18 April, 1913). The property was unchanged until Laurence Chapman’s death in 1946, after which the grocery shop and shed was let by Frank Skinner’s machinery business and sub-let to a wood-turning business. In 1955 the newly renumbered 120 Botany Street was demolished and when surveyed in 1956 a ‘new brick factory’ occupied the entire site, used since then by smash repair businesses (LPI Deposited Plan 27454, 23 July 1956). 67 Botany Road, 122 Cope Street (67-69 Botany Street) The timber and iron shop and residence at 67 Botany Road and the semi-detached brick houses at 67-69 Botany Street stood on land leased by John McCartney. Fishmonger Arthur McCartney occupied the shop for some years until 1889 when this ‘Old and Established FISH and OYSTER Business’ was advertised for sale (Evening News, 7 December 1889, p.5). About 1920 the shops were joined by the iron factory building of Shelton and Wadds, ‘Cabinetmakers, Wood turners, and Reel Manufacturers’. This partnership dissolved in 1932, the first of several light manufacturing tenants to occupy the site and building, including Tasman Engineering until 1944, followed by Hodge & Son plumbers (Construction, 5 July 1944, p.6.) A similar process occurred at the Botany Street end of the block, with the houses at 67 and 69 Botany Street replaced during the mid-1920s by an iron-roofed shed used by ‘WOODTURNERS

and MACHINIST to the TRADE. Jacobean Turning Builders Turnery Detail Spindle Work, Band sawing and Fret cutting. Lorry calls and deliveries F A JACKSON 69 Botany Road, WATERLOO Red



593’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 15 November, 1929, p.19). During the 1940s this structure was occupied by the Clovelly Box Factory. In 1950, the entire block from 67 Botany Road to 69 Botany Street was sold to engineer Edward Taylor and wife Winifred, along with the land extending from 69 and 71 Botany Road to Botany Street, a total of 1517 square metres (I rood, 20 perches) (LPI Book 6233 Folio 62, 7 December 1950). Following Edward Taylor’s death in 1953 this property was sold to upholsterer John Matasin. When resurveyed in 1956 the land from Botany Road to Botany Street was occupied by a new two-story brick factory, soon acquired by the upholsterer Comfytex Pty Ltd (LPI Vol.7731 Folio 65, 24 July, 1959). Leased to a variety of tenants, this building still stands as 67 Botany Road, 122 Cope Street. 69-83 Botany Road Quong Wing, owner of the most of the Waterloo block, died in 1946. His main furniture business Rising & Co was put in to liquidation, a process completed by 1950 (NSW Government Gazette, 5 May, 1950, p.1228). From this time most of the block was sold off by Quong’s accountant and liquidator Walter Vick. In 1949, Walter Vick sold the central part of the block from 69 to 89 Botany Road and 77 to 91 Botany Street. The buyer was John Matasin, who came to Australia from Italy between the Wars, taking citizenship in 1935 (LP1 Vol.6233, Folio 63, 7 December 1950). Matasin owned a furniture factory in Redfern and took the opportunity in 1949 to enlarge his business, and to on-sell much of his new property. 69 Botany Road, a large timber and iron shop and dwelling, plus two iron sheds was occupied by 1880 by Joseph Sawyer, a cabinetmaker and sub-lessee from William Powell. The Sawyer family continued their furniture making building into the twentieth century. 71 Botany Road, a small timber and iron house built behind number 69 by Joseph Sawyer, and rented by the Sawyer family to a variety of tenants. For some years during the early 1900s the house was the address of the Paragon Sawdust Company, selling bags of sawdust from the Sawyer factory to butchers and others. (Sydney Morning Herald, 9 September 1909, p.10). Both of these structures are visible in the 1949 City Council aerial survey. In 1957, number 69, now part of Lot 11, Deposited Plan 27454, was demolished by its new owner Comfytex Pty Ltd. A new brick shop was built as Number 69 on the street line; its predecessor had stood back at an angle to Botany Road (Deposited Plan 228641, 22 October, 1964). The new shop was leased to fruit merchants Thomas Salter and Reginald Joseph (LPI Vol.7731 Folio 65, 12 September 1957). The new 69 Botany Road was purchased in 1967 by Max Garrett & Co and retitled as part of Lot 1, Deposited Plan 228641 (LPI Vol.10257, Folio 199,12 May, 1967. The building is now part of 67 Botany Road. In 1964, 73 to 85 Botany Road were demolished after the French oil company Total purchased Lots 3 to 10 of the new subdivision Deposited Plan 27454 (LPI Vol. 8474, Folio 9, 11 October, 1963). These 8 lots, all eighteen feet wide, were no doubt intended to regularise the rather ramshackle Botany Road street-front. However, Total built a service station on the 904 squares metres of numbers 71 to 83: ‘Conventional station in busy commercial/industrial area. Has a two-bay workshop and sells over 200,000 litres per month petrol and distillate’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 2 August 1986, p.134). The service station was auctioned in 1986 and later replaced by the existing building. 73 Botany Road, a timber and iron house valued at £21 in 1889, on land first leased by William Sawyer. Its footprint remained unchanged into the 1950s.



75 Botany Road, a brick shop and dwelling valued at £59 in 1889, began life as a newsagent and stationer, a role which continued well into the twentieth century. A large, rambling structure, one of the few on Botany Road to retain a footpath awning, it was renovated in 1935 with a ‘modern factory showroom’ for lease (Construction 19 June 1935, p.4). This addition may not have been a success; it remained a newsagency until 1961. 77 Botany Road, a matching brick shop and dwelling which began life as a drapery, a function which long survived bankruptcy proceeding in 1889 and 1889. In 1949, its new owner John Matasin submitted an application to erect a new building at 77 and 79 Botany Road (Construction, 25 August, 1951, p.22). The new brick and iron factory building was occupied by the Waterloo Metal Co, scrap metal merchants. 79 Botany Road, a timber house with rear sheds and a deep yard, occupied for decades by a succession of fuel (wood and coal) merchants, later adding sawdust to its sales inventory. From 1935, the site was occupied WW Martin & Sons, coppersmiths and brass founders, a business which operated into the 1950s as Robert Martin & Co, by then using part of the new factory erected by John Matasin.

81 Botany Road, a brick shop and residence, in 1885 listed as painter and paper hanger, though by the 1890s was advertised as a ‘Fruit, Confectionary, Milk, Ice Cream and Summer Drinks Business’, (Evening News, 8 January 1892, p.2). Later listed as a grocery store. 83 Botany Road, matching brick shop and residence, originally a watchmaker’s shop although in later decades a variety of business rented the premises: ‘FRUIT and VEGETABLE RUN for Sale…Well established. No credit. Apply alter 2 p.m. 83 Botany Road Waterloo’, (Sydney Morning Herald, H 20 November 1946, p.18). 85 Botany Road was the third of three brick shop and residences, 81-85. A bootmaker’s shop for some time by 1914 it was for sale: ‘MIXED Business, good position, cheap for quick sale. 85 BOTANY RD, WATERLOO’, (Sun, 9 July 1914, p.14). In 1947 it was advertised again as ‘SECOND HAND Shop, small reserve, run down suit conv. or manufacturer, £200. 85 BOTANY ROAD WATERLOO. Today’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 24 September 1947, p.19). From 1953 to 1957 the shop was used by leather goods repairer Frank Marik. After its 1956 subdivision the shop and house were demolished, the site now used for a new lane running from Botany Road behind numbers 69-83. In 1958 coppersmith Robert Martin purchased Lot 1 of Deposited Plan 27454, the rear part of numbers 81 and 83 (LPI Vol.7588, Folio 88, 3 October, 1958). This opened from the new lane; Lot 1 also included the rear part of number 87. During 1963 the property was sold to a smash repair company and has remained with the motor trade since. 87-91 Botany Road, 87 Botany Road, a brick house valued at £32 in 1888, was joined on its extensive block in 1939 by the iron-roofed factory of Hallmark Manufacturing, which retailed manufacturing equipment: ‘PATENT RIGHTS universally used. Wooden article together with necessary. Jigs and plant IncI Machine Drill and Finisher mounted on bench and motorised. Liberal price approved. Material available, agencies established. Sell £85, Hallmark, 87 Botany Rd, Waterloo’ (Sydney Morning Herald 18 October 1947, p.29). In 1956 the rear of the block was retitled as part of Lot 1 of Deposited Plan 27454, and purchased by coppersmith Robert Martin with the rear of number 85. The same year the street end of the block, now Lot 2, was purchased by shoe manufacturers Lazlo and Rosa Vereckai, the house replaced by a small factory at this time (LPI Vol.7487, Folio 61, 1 May 1958).



89, 91 Botany Road, two attached brick houses and shops were owned by William Powell, the first lessee of the block. From before 1885 number 89 was leased by ironmonger William Symons while number 91 was home and workplace for Powell’s hairdresser son William A Powell, later an alderman and Mayor of Waterloo. These properties were not part of Quong Wing’s 1928 purchase of the block, though by that time they were owned by confectioner Marino Petrich and his wife Maria (Deposited Plan 78721, 8 July 1927). From 1946 the rear part of the block was occupied by the two-storey brick factory of Mulhall & Higgs, potato crisp manufacturers. This tenant was replaced in 1950 by Lincoln & Grimshaw, printers, and from 1956 by the Verka Shoe Company. The house was replaced in 1964 by a new shopfront for the Austral Repair Service, which offered repairs to domestic appliances. 93-99 Botany Road, 146-154 Cope Street (95-105 Botany Street) 93-99 Botany Road. Three timber and iron attached shops and residences occupied numbers 93, 95 and 97, all valued at £23 in 1888. The trio hosted a variety of retail and residential tenants until 1915, when they were replaced by the Coliseum Picture Theatre, renamed about 1950 as the Plaza. The theatre was sometimes used for boxing and for concerts as well as cinema. Number 99 was occupied by a timber and iron house and shed, down a lane from Botany Road, used by a fuel (coal and wood) merchant. Around 1900 the shed became a furniture store, before its demise for the cinema. 101 Botany Road was the site of a brick shop and house with an iron roofed shed behind, initially a grocer also offering ‘all Kinds of Chinese Fireworks and Crackers’ in the store’s early days, when Goon Jan was the proprietor (Evening News, 15 April, 1882, p.5). For most of its life the store and shed dealt in furniture and all manner of wares. From 1946 the site was occupied by Joseph Feneck’s motor garage but in 1949 the property was acquired by Snider and Dean Theatres, who incorporated the store into the cinema building next door (LPI Vol.6010, Folio 83, 24 August, 1949). A milk bar now faced Botany Road while the shed behind was used for a few years as a dance hall. In 1956 the Plaza cinema closed and the property was sold to Bohler Steels Pty Ltd, which traded in special steels. The former shed was now extended into the vacant block at 95 to 105 Botany Street, while the cinema front was replaced by an office building. In 1986 the site from Botany Road to Cope Street was purchased by marine products importer RW Basham. 103 Botany Road, 156-162 Cope Street (107-113 Botany Street). The first Waterloo Congregational Church was founded in 1865 in Botany Street south of Buckland Street. Despite being enlarged in 1871 ‘so as to afford accommodation for a congregation of two hundred and eighty persons’, the building remained too small for its potential congregation (Sydney Mail, 29 July 1871, p.688). In 1883 the Botany Road site was purchased for £550 and work began on a brick church designed to seat 470 people; the architect was Herbert S Thompson (Sydney Morning Herald, 26 November, 1883, p.7). A school hall was built at the rear of the church during 1886. 107-115 Botany Road, 164-168 Cope Street Running from the Congregational Church almost to the Buckland Street corner, 107 to 117 Botany Road initially formed the most part of this commercial main street, a series of well-valued attached brick shops and residences. 107, 109, 111, 113 and 115 Botany Road have similar histories, hosting hairdressers, tailors, confectioners, fruiterers, bootmakers and other tradesmen and retailers. The only standouts from



the norm were the Australian Joint Stock Bank’s tenancy of number 111 from the 1880s, followed by Mrs Bowman’s ham and beef shop and Mrs Betty Blanche’s refreshment rooms at the same address. By 1915 William Ward was servicing and sharpening band saws at number 107, a portent of the increasing local presence of the cabinet and furniture maker’s trade. In 1927 the shops were purchased by Quong Wing’s Rising & Co furniture company, which in 1915 had already purchased Joe Hung’s Art Furniture workshop at 113 Botany Road. Now owner of most of the block, Quong maximised the commercial and industrial potential of its south-west corner. The shops were replaced with two floors of showrooms, all open to the street, while a new factory building took over the remainder of the lots. By 1929 Quong was buying extensive advertising space in the City media, declaring that ‘Rising is Rising’, accompanied by illustrations of the factory and showrooms, by far the most salubrious building on this stretch of Botany Road (Sun, 24 February, 1929, p.27). Emphasis was placed on the firm’s lengthy history of local manufacture: ‘The firm is an Australian one, and in the interests of Australian Industry generally, Invites Inspection. See the displays at the Royal Show…’ (Truth, 29 March, 1931, p.13). Following Quong Wing’s death in 1946 and the sale of his estate, the factory was purchased by Howard Nicholls, manufacturer of Artwood Furniture, who took over the factory and showroom (LPI Vol.5978, Folio 209, 27 June, 1949). Number 115 was let to International Carburettor Service as a workshop from 1951. The factory building at 115 did not extend across the block and the Botany Street end had been used as a laneway since the 1940s. Artwood remained in occupation until 1970, when the building was sold to knitwear manufacturers Ceylon Bros. It has remained in the rag trade since; although modified the existing facade of the building is recognisably that of Rising & Co.

1929 drawing of W. Rising & Co. showroom, Botany Road (Sun 24 February 1929:27).

117-121 Botany Road. 117 Botany Road began life as a butcher’s shop: ‘TO LET "BUTCHER'S" SHOP, complete. 117 BOTANY-Road, WATERLOO’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 6 February 1886, p.25). While all other houses and shops disappeared this modest residence survived after 1949, when sold to wholesale grocer Edmund Willcocks, who purchased the southern end of the block from 117 Botany Road to Buckland Street and north to 168 (127) Botany road (LPI Vol.5978, Folio 182, 27 June 1949). During the 1970s Ceylon Bros extended its neighbouring factory into number 117. 119 Botany Road had been a produce store since the 1880s, running deep into the block; From the 1920s it had been leased by Timothy Kennedy. Edmund Willcock’s purchase continued this use of the site until 1970, when the new corner bank building at replaced the produce store.



At 133-135 Botany Street a handsome two-storey brick and iron building also began life as a produce store, before becoming home to Charles Chong’s cabinet making business, replaced from 1916 by a wicker chair manufactory. From 1926 this building was again a produce store. In 1959 the land and buildings from 119 Botany Road to 168 Botany Street were sold to property agents Jorn & Co, after which Ceylon Bros were in occupation of a new building at 119 Botany Road (LPI Vol. 7686 Folio 233, 7 May 1959). By this time middle part of the produce store was gone, replaced by a laneway from Buckland Street, plus parking space between the buildings. The handsome store building at 168 Botany Street survives, however, let during the 1950s and 1950s to Rapee’s artificial flower company. 121 Botany Road During 1952 the Australian and New Zealand Bank purchased the corner block with Buckland Street and converted the long standing brick house to a bank (LPI Vol.6584, Folio 89,27 November, 1952). In 1970 architects Joseland and Gilling designed a new bank, still occupying the corner as a retail premises.

Cope Street / Botany Street

124-128 Cope Street (71 Botany Street) 71 Botany Street was the home of Geoffrey Yeend, plasterer, advertising for skilled help during 1886 (Evening News, 24 March, 1886, p.1). An extensive timber and iron shed occupied much of the space behind the house, later used by dealers and others. The house and shed were extant at the 1949 aerial survey. During 1956 it was retitled as part of Lot 11, Deposited Plan 27454, running across the block from 69 Botany Road and considerably wider at the Botany Street end. Purchased from John Matasin in 1959 by Comfytex Pty Ltd the existing buildings were demolished and from 1964 a new 512 square metre brick and steel factory was built at 124-128 Botany Street, on land retitled Lot 2, Deposited Plan 228641 (LPI Vol.10257, Folio 200, 7 March, 1966). The existing factory has had several owners and tenants, the longest-lasting being Knudsen Printers during the 1970s and 1980s. 130-134 Cope Street (73-85 Botany Street) 73-75 Botany Street, an attached pair of brick houses, one of which was offered for rent as early as 1875: ‘HOUSE, Four rooms and kitchen, 75 BOTANY STREET’ (Sydney Morning Herald, 23 October, 1875, p.16). The two houses neighboured 79 Botany Street, set well back from the street on a mostly empty double block, apart from a shed used first as a bread carter’s stable, later to deal in domestic appliances (National Advocate, 30 April, 1935, p.2). All of these residences survived into the 1950s, as did 81 and 83 Botany Street, an attached pair of brick houses, and 85 Botany Street, a brick house set back from the street. This last had a house name, ‘Claremont’, a rare distinction in Waterloo though common in most suburbs. In 1950 new owner John Matasin gained permission to build a new factory for ‘light industry, furnishing and upholstery’. Retitled in 1956 as Lot 12 of Deposited Plan 27454, the new factory was purchased by Edgar Bragg & Sons, a long-established firm of commercial printers, who have remained there since (LPI Vol.7364, Folio 198, 26 September, 1957). 136-142 Cope Street (87-93 Botany Street) 87 and 89 Botany Street, a pair of attached brick houses on very deep lots. By 1926 their improved value barely exceeded their land value, apparently not a concern to their absentee lessees.



Next to them at 91 to 97 Botany Street, and similarly dilapidated, was Banbury Terrace, built about 1870: BOTANY-STREET, WATERLOO. FOUR 2-STORY BRICK HOUSES, each 4 rooms and washhouse, in Botany-street, having a frontage of about 48 feet, with a depth of about 90 feet, between Raglan and Buckland streets, and known as BANBURY-TERRACE. Title-Leasehold, about 83 years to run; ground rent, £6 4s per annum. RICHARDSON and WRENCH have received instructions to sell by public auction….The above property in Botany-street, Waterloo. A good paying small investment. The houses are in the centre of a populous locality, and always let (Sydney Morning Herald, 11 January 1872 p.7). In 1956 the site was purchased from John Matasin by Rebecca Sarah Solomon, a principal of R. Solomon & Co, a food processing company specialising in Kosher food products, the houses demolished and construction of a food factory was underway (LPI Vol.7325 Folio 227, 22 July 1957). Pasta, biscuits and similar have been produced by Solomon’s there since. 146-154 Cope Street (95-105 Botany Street) Snider and Dean’s 1949 purchase of the Plaza cinema added houses at 95-101 Botany Street to the property. 95 and 97 Botany Street were the two southern houses of Banbury Terrace; 99 and 101 were an attached pair of brick houses, the last of the properties still leased to the Powell Estate. These separately titled houses were also purchased in 1949, by theatre manager George Christensen, as was the vacant block at 103 and 105 Botany Street, used for some years as a depot by Waterloo Council. With the entire block purchased by Bohler Steels in 1956, these houses were demolished and a new factory extension built behind the former cinema, purchased in 1986 by the marine parts importer and wholesaler RW Basham. 156-162 Cope Street (107-113 Botany Street) 107 Botany Street, a timber house and shop, was built sometime before 1883, when it was announced that ‘Mrs Banton has opened a general store’ at the address (Evening News, 20 April, 1883, p.2). A decade later the house was to let: ‘9s, House, 4 rooms, kitchen, washshed, large yard’, (Evening News, 10 November, 1893, p.1). Next door were three attached timber houses. According to Waterloo Council’s valuer, they were the worst houses on the block by 1926, adding nothing the value of their sites. In 1949 the Congregational Union of NSW brought the four houses behind their church and hall, selling them in 1958 to property company Jorn & Co (LPI Vol.7577, Folio 66, 2 October 1958). A new factory and offices were built on the site and rented to various tenants until 1972 when purchased by knitwear importers Ceylon Bros, which had a new factory and offices built there. During the 1990s the neighbouring marine parts importer RW Basham purchased the site to extend its warehouse from 146 to 162 Botany Road. 164 Cope Street (117/119 Botany Street) A pair of attached brick houses with deep back yards, in poor condition by 1926, these were shortly afterwards demolished for the extension of Rising and Co.’s furniture factory, running from 107 to 117 Botany Road across to Botany Street. After its closure as furniture factory in 1970, the factory was used by Sylvia’s Knitwear and similar enterprises.



Appendix C

Tabulated synthesis of Rate Assessment & Sands Directory information

Botany Road

Raglan Street

Botany Street (later Cope Street)



Table C.1 49–79 Botany Road

Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

1857

John Smith Glover subleases land from William Powell

1858

Charles Barry subleases land from William Powell

John Phypers, labourer, subleases land from William Powell

1859-1860

No data

1861 John Glover, general dealer

Richard Puckeridge, brickmaker, Pyrmont, subleases land from William Powell

1863 John Glover, dealer

1864 John Glover, dealer

Charles Barry

1865 William Glover, grocer

Richard Puckeridge subleases land to Joseph Sawyer

James Hill, bricklayer

1866 Glover, A. and Sons, grocers

Charles Barry

Ann Sawyer

James Hill, bricklayer, subleases land to Joseph Hinchcliffe

1867 Glover and Sons, grocers

Charles Barry


1868 Samuel Watts

Mrs Ann Glover, grocer

Charles Barry

John Macartney

Joseph Hinchcliffe, newsagent and post office

James Hill John Evans

1869 A Glover & Son, grocers

John Macartney, ginger beer maker

Ann Sawyer




Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

1870 Samuel Watts

A Glover & Son, grocers

Charles Barry

Edmund Stokes

John Macartney


1871

Phillip McCarroll, butcher

Vacant land

Joseph Somerville, general dealer

Samuel Watts, teacher

Mrs Glover, grocer & draper

James Pear Charles Barry

Edmund Stokes

John Macartney, cordial maker

Mrs William Henry Soyers

Mrs Sarah Anne Hinchcliffe, newsagent & post office


John Evans, van proprietor

1872 No data

1873

Mrs Bridget McGrath, family butcher

Thomas Delaney, bootmaker

Samuel Watts

Mrs Ann Glover, grocer

John Harpur Charles Barry

John Phypers, maltster, subleases to to Sarah Stokes, wife of Edmund Stokes Edmond Stokes, wood dealer

Mrs Ann Sawyer

Mrs Georgina Ward

Mrs Hinchcliffe, newsagent

William Ballard, Diamond cottage

James Wiseman, dealer

1874-8 No data

1879

William George James, grocer

Mrs Beeby, draper

William George James, grocer

John Knight, stonemason

56 Glover & Sons, grocers

58 William Nixon

60 Charles Barry

Edmund Stokes

John Macartney, fishmonger

Ann Sawyer 68 C Baldwin 70 Jane Hinchcliffe, newsagent

72 George Condray, bootfinisher

74 James Wiseman, cab owner

1880 William James, grocer

Edward Augustus Abbey, draper

Vacant house

George White, printer

Mrs Ann Glover & Sons, grocers

William Nixon

Charles Barry

Edward Stokes

John McCarthy, oyster saloon

Mrs Ann Sawyer

George Worsley

Mrs Susannah Hinchcliffe, newsagent

George Cowdry, bootfinisher

James Wiseman, cab proprietor

1881-2 No data

1883

Byran Pogson, grocer

Isabell Beeby, draper

Bernard Parker, bootmaker

Vacant A Glover & Sons, grocers

William Nixon

Charles Southey

John Macartney, fishmonger

Edwin Stokes

Vacant John Donnerley, carpenter

Mrs J Hinchcliffe, newsagent

James Lyons, engineer

James Wiseman, cabman

1884

Byron Pogson, grocer

Mrs EA Beeby, draper & milliner

James Barnett, bootfinisher

Edward William Piper, French polisher

Ann Glover, grocer

William Nison

Charles Southey

Edmund Stokes

Arthur McCartney, oysterman

Joseph Sawyer

William Henry Bray, carpenter

John Wells

Mrs James Hinchcliffe, stationer & newsagent

Post & Telegraph Office – RJ Farquharson, postmaster

James Wiseman

1885


Mrs EA Beeby, draper & milliner

James Barkl, bootfinisher

George White, carpenter

Lawrence L Chapman, grocer

Robert Potts, bootmaker

Charles Southey

Edmund Stokes Wiliam Kippen, greengrocer

Arthur McCartney, fishmonger

Joseph Sawyer, cabinet maker

William H Bray, carpenter

William Garrad, bookbinder

Mrs James Hinchcliffe, stationer & newsagent


Alfred T Tritton, wood & coal dealer

1886


LP Williams, chemist

James Barkl George White, carpenter

Lawrence L Chapman, grocer


Charles Southey

John Jones, signwriter Edmund Stokes

Arthur McCartney fishmonger




Alfred T Tritton, fuel merchant



Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

John Swan, greengrocer

McQueen, boilermaker

1887



James Barkl Smith Lawrence L Chapman, grocer


Hayter & Green, produce merchants

Mrs E Stokes John Swan, greengrocer


Joseph Sawyer, cabinet maker James McQueen, boilermaker


Mrs S Hinchcliffe, stationer


Alfred J Tritton, fuel merchant

1888

Owner: W.G. Williams Occupier: Byron Pogson Trade: grocer Structure: Wooden shop and dwelling Value: £152

Owner: L.P. Williams Occupier: L.P. Williams Trade: Chemist Structure: Brick shop, dwelling and shed, chemist Value: £82

Owner: L.P. Williams Occupier: L.P. Williams Trade: Chemist Structure: Brick shop, dwelling and shed, chemist Value: £82

Owner: Jane Turner Occupier: James Barkl Trade: Bootmaker Structure: Brick house (attached to 57) Value: £26

Owner: Jane Turner Occupier: Frank Santer Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house (attached to 55) Value: £26

Owner: William Glover Occupier: Lawrence L Chapman Trade: Grocer Structure: Brick shop and dwelling Value: £70

Owner: William Glover Occupier: Robert Potts Mrs Potts Trade: Bootmaker Fruiterer Structure: Timber and iron shop, dwelling and shed Value: £26

Owner: Walter Hayter Occupier: Walter Hayter Trade: Produce merchants Structure: Wooden shop and 2 rooms, 2 sheds Value: £70

Owner: L. L. Chapman Occupier: John Swan Trade: Greengrocer Structure: Brick shop and dwelling Value: £94

Owner: Arthur McCartney Occupier: Arthur McCartney Trade: Fishmonger Structure: Timber and iron house and shop Value: £47

Owner: Joseph Sawyer Occupier: Joseph Sawyer Trade: Cabinetmaker Structure: Wooden house, shop and sheds Value: £35

Owner: Joseph Sawyer Occupier: Edwin Makant Trade: N/A Structure: Timber and iron house Value: £21

Owner: William Garrard Occupier: William Garrard. Trade: Bookbinder Structure: Timber and iron house Value: £21

Owner: James Hinchcliffe Occupier: Mrs S. Hinchcliffe Trade: Stationer and Newsagent Structure: Brick shop and dwelling Value: £59

Owner: William Symons Occupier: R.J. Farquharson Trade: Postmaster Structure: Brick shop and dwelling Value: £35

Owner: Alfred J Tritton Occupier: Alfred J Tritton Trade: Fuel merchant Structure: Wooden house and shed Value: £47

1889



James Barkl, bootmaker

Frank Santer Lawrence L Chapman, grocer

Robert Potts, bootmaker Mrs Potts, fruiterer



Joseph Sawyer, cabinet maker James McQueen, boilermaker

Edwin Makant


Mrs S Hinchcliffe, stationer

John Swan, greengrocer


1890 WG James, grocer



Frank Santer

Robert Potts, bootmaker Mrs Potts, fruiterer


LL Chapman & Co, grocers


Joseph Sawyer, cabinet maker Miss Sawyer, dressmaker

Robert Cox William Garrad, bookbinder

Mrs J Hinchcliffe, stationer

Joseph Sindell, draper


1891 JC Sutton, grocer



Frank Santer William Glover Jnr

Mrs Potts, fruiterer

Walter Hayter, produce merchant


Arthur McCarthy fishmonger



Mrs J Hinchcliffe, stationer

William Symons, ironmonger


1892 B Barchan



Mrs Jane Turner

William Glover Jnr




Arthur McCarthy fishmonger



James Hinchcliffe, stationer





Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

1893

51 LP Williams, J.P., chemist

James Barkl bootmaker

Mrs Jane Turner

J McLaughlin & Co, grocers




Arthur Macartney, fishmonger






1894

Henry Prince, provision dealer

51 LP Williams, J.P., chemist


Mrs Jane Turner




Wilfred Birks, grocer

Mrs T Marshall






1895


LP Williams, J.P., chemist










1896



John Barkel John Hobbs, fishmonger

Robert Potts, greengrocer







Francis Mountain, fuel merchant

1897



John Barkel Mrs J Turner Jacob Bid, greengrocer








1898



John Barkel Mrs J Turner B Simes, fancy goods shop







1899

4Henry Prince, provision dealer


John Barkel Mrs J Turner J Clune, produce dealer



Robert Cox W Booth, bootmaker




1900



John Barkel Mrs J Turner T Rowan J Clune, produce dealer


R Henley, bootmaker


Charles Stanshall

W Booth, bootmaker



1901



Thomas Orr Mrs J Turner George Daden

John Clune, produce dealer


Samuel Gray


George Bethel

W Booth, bootmaker


James Symans, boot importer


1902

Green Bros, provision dealers


Thomas Orr Mrs J Turner George Daden



Mrs E Donnelan


George Bethel

W Booth, bootmaker


James Symons, boot importer

A Shirley, fuel merchant

1903

Green Bros, provision dealers


Thomas Orr Mrs J Turner Samuel Mendez, fruiterer

George Daden, dealer



Michael Moloney, dealer


John Pike, tanner

W Booth, bootmaker


James Symons, boot shop




Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

1904

Green Bros, provision merchants


Thomas Orr George Mapstone

James McCarthy, greengrocer




Mrs Clara McQueen

W Booth, bootmaker


Clark & Hulme, grocers


1905



Thomas Orr George Mapstone

George Leah, greengrocer

Alfred H Hicking, furniture dealer



Richard Molloy


Mrs Clara McQueen Francis Daniels

W Booth, bootmaker


Mary J Clench, grocer


1906



Thomas Orr George Leach, greengrocer

Mrs Margaret Banham, laundry




Mrs Clara McQueen Francis Daniels

W Booth James Hinchcliffe, stationer

Mary J Clench, grocer


1907



Thomas Orr Frederick Miller

EJ Wood, greengrocer

Solomon Levy, fish shop

John Clune, produce dealer LL Chapman & Co, grocers


Thomas Johnson, bootmaker


Mrs Clara McQueen

William C Coops


Mrs Elizabeth Skinner, grocer


1908




EJ Wood, greengrocer


Mrs Catherine Gunning, produce dealer

LL Chapman & Co, grocers Wilfred Birks, grocer

Thomas Johnson, bootmaker


Mrs Clara McQueen

William C Coops




1909




Mrs J Wood, greengrocer


James Clune, produce dealer


Thomas Johnson, bootmaker Mrs Sarah Johnson, fruiterer


Mrs Clara McQueen

William C Coops



Michael McKenna, fuel merchant

1910




Mrs J Wood, poultry dealer

George House, fish shop



Thomas Johnson, bootmaker Mrs Sarah Johnson, confectioner


Mrs Clara McQueen

William Booth


Mrs A Hall

Michael McKenna, sawdust vendors

1911




Mrs J Wood, poultry dealer

Thomas Jackson, fish shop


Wilfred Birks LL Chapman & Co, grocers

Thomas Johnson, bootmaker Mrs Sarah Johnson, confectioner


Mrs Clara McQueen

William C Cook


Mrs A Hall

Michael McKenna & Sons, sawdust vendors T Johnson, boot repairer

1912




Edward J Wood, poultry dealer

Thomas Jackson, fish shop




Mrs Clara McQueen

Richard Henley, boot repairer


Mrs A Hall, dressmaker

Michael McKenna & Sons, sawdust vendors T Johnson, boot repairer

1913





Oliver J White, fish shop




Mrs Clara Connell

Richard Henley, boot repairer



Michael McKenna & Sons,



Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

sawdust vendors

1914



Thomas W Orr

Frederick Miller






Mrs Clara Connell



Michael McKenna & Sons, sawdust vendors

1915



Thomas W Orr

Frederick Miller



James Anderson, furniture dealer



Mrs Clara Connell

Matilda Wighton

Henry Grimes, stationer


Michael McKenna & Sons, sawdust vendors

1916



Thomas W Orr

Frederick Miller





C Day & Sons, cabinetmakers Joseph Sawyer

Mrs Clara Connell

Matilda Wighton



M McKenna & Sons, sawdust vendors

1917



Daniel Oliver Gray

Frederick Miller





White & Co, small goods manufacturer Mrs Sawyer, dressmaker

Mrs Clara Connell

Matilda Wighton




1918



Frederick Miller






Mrs Clara Connell

M Nimmo Wighton

Henry W Grimes, stationer


1919



Windsor Claude Johnson

Frederick Miller




Wilfred Birks, J.P.



Mrs Clara Connell

M Nimmo Wighton

John Owen Rees

Henley Bros


1920




Frederick Miller




Wilfred Birks, J.P. LL Chapman & Co, grocers

Arthur White & Co, butchers

Miss Henrietta Sawyer

(off) Mrs Clara Connell

Matthew N Wighton, tea merchant

John Owen Rees

Richard Henley, bootmaker

M McKenna & Son, sawdust vendors

1921

Mrs EC Prince, provision merchant



Frederick Miller




Wilfred Birks, J.P. LL Chapman & Co, grocers

Arthur White & Co, butchers



Matthew N Wighton, tea merchant

John Duggan, newsagent

Richard Henley, bootmaker

WW Martin, electrician

1922

Mrs EC Prince, provision merchant



Frederick Miller



JC Riddell MJ Stewart Arthur White & Co, butchers



John Dugan Mrs Rebecca Simmons

JC Morales WW Martin & Sons

1923 Mrs EC Prince


Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller

George E Wood

Oliver J White

L Drovet GB Freer Phoenix Meat Co


(off) Mrs C Connell

J Jenkins Robert Orkney

F Elliott WW Martin & Sons



Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

1924

Mrs EC Prince, grocer


Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller

George E Wood, poulterer

OJ White, fur shop

L Drouvet, cabinet maker

GB Freer, wine saloon

Mrs L White, butcher


(off) John Connell

George Elliott

Albert E Robinson, newsagent

F Elliott, ham & beef

WW Martin & Sons, brass founders

1925


MC Kirby, chemist

Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller


OJ White, fur shop

L Drouvet, cabinet maker

PG Max-Koler, wine saloon

Mrs L White, butcher


(off) John Connell

George Hubbard, dyer & cleaner


F Elliott, ham & beef


1926


MC Kirby, chemist

Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller


E White, furrier

A Whittingham, motor garage Jules C Pinot, machinist

Robert B Koller, wine saloon

Electric Cabinet Works

Miss H Sawyer, dressmaker

(off) John Connell

George Hubbard, tinsmith


Puccini, actuary


1927


MC Kirby, chemist

Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller

WJ Vickery, carrier

Workmen’s Institute



Phillip Stretton, wood carver

Miss H Sawyer

(off) John Connell


J Workman, newsagent

WW Martin & Sons, brass founders WS Ward, band saw experts

1928


MC Kirby, chemist

Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller

WJ Vickery, carrier




Phillip Stretton, wood carvers Morgan & Harris, cabinet makers

Miss H Sawyer

(off) John Connell


J Workman, newsagent

78 WW Martin & Sons, brass founders 79 WS Ward, band saw experts RC Martin, dealer in old wares

1929


MC Kirby, chemist

Windsor C Johnson

Frederick Miller

Alfred Mercer, French polisher




Phillip Stretton, wood carvers Morgan & Co, cabinet makers

Miss H Sawyer

(off) John Connell


David Morrison, newsagent

Italian Artists Association

WW Martin & Sons, brass founders WS Ward, band saw experts RC Martin, dealer in old wares

1930 Mrs EC Prince, grocer

Thomas Kenny



Stretton & Wadd, wood carvers & turners

Miss H Sawyer

(off) John F Daniel

Thomas McAlister

David Morrison, newsagent



1931


James Whitty

Thomas Kenny


Jules C Pinot, machinist


Miss H Sawyer

(off) John F Daniel

Thomas McAlister, bootmaker

Keith Ritchie, newsagent





Year 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79

WS Ward, band saw experts RC Martin, dealer in old wares

1932-3


James Whitty

Thomas Kenny


Jules C Pinot, machinist

D Spear, electrical supplies


Miss H Sawyer

(off) John F Daniel

Thomas McAlister, bootmaker

Keith Ritchie, newsagent





Table C.2 81–121 Botany Road

Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

1858

Subleased by George Bolt from William Powell

Subleased by Alfred Flack from William Powell

1859

1860

1861

1862

1863

1864 William Bolt Thomas B Goldfinch, butcher

1865 Thomas B Goldfinch, butcher

1866 William Bolt Goldfinch, Thomas,

John Crummy, dealer

1867 William Bolt William Parker

Goldfinch, Thomas B., butcher

John Crummy, dealer

Alfred Flack

1868 William Bolt

Thomas B Goldfinch, butcher

Charles Pitman, wheelwright

John Crummy,

Alfred Flack John Holborow, woolwasher



Charles Pitman, wheelwright --Kearns, Botany Rd

John Crummy, dealer

Alfred Flack John Holborrow

1870 William Bolt

T B Goldfinch, butcher J Garland, baker

T. Kearns, Botany Rd

John Kenneally

John Crummy, dealer



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121


Vacant land

Subleased by John Hurst, watchmaker, from William Powell

Charles Pitman, carpenter - Burns Thomas Kearns

John Kennally

John Crummy, dealer John Mulder, grocer

Alfred Flack Robert Coates, grocer

John Holborrow


Swinborne, bootmaker

John Turner, grocer

Thomas Barber Goldfinch, butcher Mrs Bridget McEvoy, grocer

John Hurst, watchmaker Thomas Kearne

John Kenelly, wool-washer

John Crummy, dealer John Mulder, grocer

Alfred Flack, die sinker

Robert Coates, grocer

John Isaac Holborough

1875

John Hurst, Waterloo, watchmaker to Thomas Barber Goldfinch

1876-7

No Data

1878

Subleased by John Holborrow from William Powell

1879 76 William Parker, tobacconist

78 Mrs R Clark, dressmaker

80 William Parker, mason

82 William Symons, ironmonger

84 George Worthington, grocer 86 Frederick Chapman, painter 88 Vacant 90 Ann Barnsley

94 Tong Sing Sun, storekeeper

96 Thomas B Goldfinch, butcher 98 Vacant

100 Vacant 102 Frederic Douglass, fellmonger

104 George Anderson

106 John Crummy, dealer & greengrocer 108 John Mulder, baker & grocer

110 John Jefferies, butcher

112 Robert Coates & Sons, hay & corn dealers

114 John J Holborow, woolsorter (Inspector of nuisances)

1880

H Bryan, tobacconist, Virginia house

Joseph George Matthew Fawcett, builder

William Parker

William Symmons, ironmonger

George Worthington, grocer Frederick Chapman, painter

Toon Sing Sun, store


Robert Goldfinch, van owner Frederick Douglass, fellmonger

George Anderson, carpenter

John Crummy, greengrocer John Mulder, baker & grocer

John Jefferies, butcher

Robert Coates, hay & corn dealer

John J Holborrow, butcher



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

Mrs Sophia Brown, confectioner Mrs Jane Barnsley

1882 No Data

1883 Richard Allum, fruiterer

83 William Clark, grocer 85 John H Marks, greengrocer

William Parker

89 William Symmons, ironmonger 91 William A Powell

93-95 Vacant 97 Phillip Brack 99 Robert Cain, wood dealer

Jan Goon grocer

105 Thomas B Goldfinch, butcher

107 Vacant 109 Jane Barnsley, shoemaker

George Anderson, fishmonger

113 Thomas Haythorpe, greengrocer 115 John Mulder, baker


Robert Coates, produce dealer

Johanna Holborow

1884

John B Taylor, oil and colourman

83 William Steel, bootmaker 85 William Clark Henry Stokes, plasterer

William Parker

89 William Symons, ironmonger 91 William Albert Powell, hairdresser

93 John Hall, clicker 95 Charles Yeo 97 Frederick Cowperthwaite, dealer, 99 Robert Cain, wood dealer

Loo Pun, grocer

109 Jane Barnsley

George Anderson, fishmonger

113 Thomas Haythorpe, greengrocer 115 Alderman John Mulder, baker


Robert Coates, hay & corn dealers

Johanna Holborow

1885


83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 William Clark

William Parker

89 William Symons, ironmonger 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

93 Isack Hudson, confectioner’s shop 95 William Amiot, bootmaker 97 Frederick Cowperthwaite, dealer 99 Robert Cain, fuel merchant

Loo Pun, grocer

Congregational Church – Rev E Adams

113 Thomas Haythorpe, greengrocer 115 Susannah Mulder, baker


Robert Coates, hay & corn dealers

Johanna Holborrow

1886


83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 William Clark, dealer

William Parker


93 John Clinton, carpenter 97 RF Archer, storekeeper

Bun Loo, grocer


107 Charles Dutton, grocer 109 Lawrence Levy,

Charles Cockford, provision store

113 John McClune, greengrocer 115 John W Mulder, baker


Robert Coates, produce dealers

Johanna Holborrow



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

99 Robert Cain, fuel merchant

furniture dealer

1887



William Parker


93 Richard Mills 95 Mrs. J. Tangye 97 Frederick Cowperthwaite, dealer 99 Robert Cain, fuel merchant

Tyson, dealer


107 Charles Dutton, grocer 109 Lawrence Levy, furniture dealer

Alexander McLean, bootmaker

113 Mrs H Daniels, grocer 115 Mulder Brothers, bakers



Joanna Holborrow

1888

Owner: Wallace Read Occupier: John B Taylor Trade: Oil and colourman Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £42

83 Owner: William Tucker Occupier: Peter McCole Trade: Watchmaker Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £32 85 Owner: William Tucker Occupier: William Clark Trade: Dealer

Owner: William Jones Occupier: William Parker Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £23

89 Owner: William Symons Occupier: William Symons Trade: Ironmonger Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £53 91 Owner: William Powell Occupier: William A Powell Trade: Hairdresser

93 Owner: John Nunn Occupier: George Lumsley Trade: Fruiterer Structure: Wooden house and shop Value: £23 95 Owner: John Nunn Occupier: William Peck Trade: N/A Structure: Wooden house and shop Value: £23 97 Owner: John Nunn Occupier: Frederick

Owner: John Nunn Occupier: William Haworth Trade: Dealer Structure: Brick house and workshop Value: £28


107 Owner: Thomas Barber Occupier: Charles Dutton Trade: Grocer Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £46 109 Owner: Benjamin Eaves Occupier: Ivy Brothers Trade: Drapers

Owner: Benjamin Eaves Occupier: Alexander McLean Trade: Bootmaker Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £46

113 Owner: William Tucker Occupier: Thomas Haythorpe Trade: Greengrocer Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £46 115 Owner: John Mulder Occupier: William and John Mulder Trade: Pastrycooks

Owner: Charlotte Jefferies Occupier: Charlotte Jefferies Trade: Butcher Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £46

Owner: Robert Coates Occupier: Robert Coates Trade: Produce dealer Structure: Brick produce store Value: £59

Owner: Johanna Holborrow Occupier: Mary Holborrow Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £23



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

Structure: Brick house and shop Value: £38


Cowperthwaite Trade: Dealer Structure: Wooden house and shop Value: £23 99 Owner: John Nunn Occupier: Robert Cain Trade: Fuel merchant Structure: Wooden house and shop Value: £23


Structure: Brick house and bakery Value: £59

1889



William Parker


93 William Goodman, dyer 97 Frederick Cowperthwaite, dealer 99 Robert Cain, fuel merchant

William Haworth, dealer


107 William Cole, tailor 109 Ivy Brothers, drapers

113 Mrs Ann Halward, greengrocer 115 Mulder Brothers, pastrycooks

Mrs Charlotte Jefferies, butcher


Joanna Holborrow

1890


83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 William Clark Mrs Stardrobe, dealer

Jones


95 Henry McKitrick, fruiterer 97 WD Dunlop, confectioner 99 Mrs Gorman


Mrs Minett, fruiterer

Australian Joint Stock Bank Ltd (branch) –Percy McDonnell, manager

113 William Whitehouse, greengrocer 115 Alexander Douglas, baker, pastrycook


J Shand, produce & fuel merchant

Joanna Holborrow



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

1891 WG Read, fruiterer

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 Arthur E Davie Mrs Davie, dealer

H Jones 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

97 John Maclure, bootmaker


109 Andrew Sjoberg

Australian Joint Stock Bank Ltd (branch) – A Windeyer, manager

113 William Whitehouse, greengrocer



Mrs Joanna Holborrow, grocer

1892 WG Read, fruiterer



93 John Kelly, dealer 95 Mrs P Pearce, greengrocer 97 John Maclure, bootmaker


107 James Foster, painter 109 Andrew Sjoberg

Australian Joint Stock Bank Ltd (branch) – A Windeyer, manager

113 JC Blinman, fruiterer 115 Alfred Williams, baker


J Shand, produce & fuel merchants

Mrs Joanna Holborrow, grocer

1893 DT Burt, storekeeper


H Jones

89 John Renoch, painter 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

93 Peter Wedd, fruiterer 97 J Sharman, bootmaker

Congregational Church – Rev J Beckenham

107 Mrs Timbrell, provision store 109 Andrew Sjoberg

Australian Joint Stock Bank Ltd (branch) – A Windeyer, manager J Winter, caretaker

113 Harry Stevens, fruiterer 115 Alfred Williams, baker



Mrs Joanna Holborrow

1894 Joseph Round, fruiterer

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 George Lomas, dealer


93 James Holdess, fruiterer 95 Mrs Brennan 97 J Henley, bootmaker

(off) William Pearce 101 William Haworth, furniture dealer


107 W Bryson, hairdresser 109 Andrew Sjoberg, dealer

Australian Joint Stock Bank Ltd (branch) – A Windeyer, manager J Winter, caretaker

113 John Humphries, dealer 115 Alfred Williams, baker



Mrs Joanna Holborrow

1895 John S Blake, greengrocer

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker

91 William A Powell, hairdresser

93 James Holden 95 H Maynard 97 Andrew Collie 97 J Henley, bootmaker

(off) William Pearce


107 W Bryson, hairdresser

115 Alfred Williams, baker




Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

1896 Mrs Kate Dawson, confectioner

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker


93 Alfred West 95 John Fairbank 97 W Brennan

WS Ireland, grocer (off) William Pearce

107 W Bryson, hairdresser

115 Alfred Williams, baker


1897 83 Peter McCole, watchmaker

William J Jones

89 FL Speckardt, tinsmith 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

95 John Williams, bootmaker


Congregational Church – Rev J Beckenham-, minister


113 Richard Henley, bootmaker 115 Alfred Williams, baker

Caledonian Meat Co – John Cassera, manager


Peter Holborrow, bootmaker

1898

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 B Simes, grocer

William J Jones

89 FL Speckardt, tinsmith 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

95 John Williams, bootmaker 97 John R Cott




113 Richard Henley, bootmaker 115 Alfred Williams, baker

Caledonian Meat Co – Arthur J Smith, manager

T Douglas, produce & fuel merchant

Peter Holborrow, bootmaker

1899

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 George Sutton

William J Jones

89 WH Lewis, greengrocer 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

W Howarth, dealer (off) William Pearce


107 W Bryson, hairdresser 109 James Skinner, district registrar

Frederick Bowman

113 Charles Whitmore 115 Thomas Haigh

Caledonian Meat Co – WJ Bottomley, manager


A Amos, blacksmith

1900

83 Peter McCole, watchmaker 85 J Howe

William J Jones

89 John McDonald 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

93 James McNeil

W Howarth, dealer (off) William Pearce


107 W Bryson, hairdresser 109 Thomas Mead, ham & beef shop

Frederick Bowman

115 EJ Ible, baker

Caledonian Meat Co – W Fletcher, manager


A Amos, blacksmith

1901 Mrs H Taylor, dressmaker

85 J Howe Mrs S Jones

89 Jane McDonald 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

93 Edward Costin Jnr 95 Henry Langton 97 FW May, bootmaker

A Haworth (off) George Barker Samuel Barker


107 W Bryson, hairdresser 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

Mrs S Bowman, ham & beef shop

113 James Hillman, fruiterer 115 EJ Ible, baker

T Douglas, produce merchant

A Amos, blacksmith


83 Peter Christensen 85 J Howe

Mrs S Jones 89 Mrs H Wheeler, dressmaker

95 Mrs A Fullagar

A Haworth, furniture dealer

Congregational Church – Rev J

107 T Bryson, hairdresser

Mrs S Bowman,

113 Mrs M Buss, grocer


A Amos, blacksmith



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121


97 John Walker, bootmaker

(off) Bartholomew Connolly

Beckenham-, minister

109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

ham & beef shop


83 John Fitzpatrick 85 John Campbell, baker

Mrs S Jones

89 George Butanshaw, painter 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

95 Henry Weary 97 Thomas Williams 99 William Bray, carpenter



107 T Bryson, hairdresser 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

Mrs S Bowman, ham & beef shop

113 Mrs M Buss, grocer 115 Herbert Haines, baker

Mrs Charlotte Jefferies


A Amos, blacksmith


83 Mrs Rosa Morrison 85 John Campbell, baker

Mrs S Jones

89 Charles H Smith, clothes dealer 91 William A Powell, hairdresser

95 George Buttenshaw, painter 97 Henry Ash 99 Henry Nobes



107 G Bryson, hairdresser 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

Mrs F Bowman, ham & beef shop




A Amos, blacksmith


83 William Hare 85 Mrs Mary Druitt, grocer

Mrs S Jones

89 Charles H Smith, saw sharpener 91 William A Powell, J.P., hairdresser

97 Arthur Whitley, chair-caner 99 Henry Ash

William Haworth, furniture dealer


107 Joseph Bryson, hairdresser 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker





A Amos, blacksmith


83 George W Burton, plumber 85 Mrs B Barley, grocer

George Parker

91 William A Powell, J.P., hairdresser

97 Richard Henley, boot repairer 99 Walter Kennedy






Mrs Charlotte Jefferies, fruiterer


A Amos, blacksmith


83 George W Burton, plumber 85 Albert James, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 Mary J Clench, refreshments 91 William A Powell, J.P., hairdresser

99 Clifford James





113 Mrs M Buss, grocer 115 Michael O’Brien, baker



A Amos, blacksmith



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121


83 William Dawes 85 Albert James, grocer

Wentworth Hall


99 Walter Kennedy

Joseph Bryson, hairdresser


109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker


113 Mrs M Buss, grocer 115 Michael O’Brien, baker



A Amos, blacksmith


83 James Durkins 85 Albert James, grocer

Wentworth Hall


95 Walter Kennedy 97 William Irvine 99 James Douglas



107 James Anderson 109 Frederick Dodd, bootmaker

Ernest Durnell, ham & beef shop

113 Mrs M Buss 115 Richard Wallmann, baker


A Amos, blacksmith

1910

Mrs Charlotte Hunter, greengrocer

83 Mary Ann Johnson 85 Albert James, grocer

Wentworth Hall




107 Mrs Annie Brown, china & glassware shop 109 Frederick Dodd, bootmaker

Mrs HJ Taylor, ham & beef shop

113 Mrs M Buss 115 Richard Wallmann, baker

MC Lee, fruiterer


A Amos, blacksmith

1911 Mrs N Robertson, confectioner

83 Mary Ann Johnson 85 Mrs S Bridges, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 John Jenkins, confectioner 91 William A Powell, J.P., hairdresser



107 Henry J Montgomery, confectioner 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

Mrs B Batty, ham & beef shop

113 Mrs A Edwards 115 Sparkes & Mannes, bakers

MC Lee, fruiterer


A Amos, art metal worker

1912 Mrs N Robertson

83 Mary Ann Johnson 85 Mrs S Bridges, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 Abel F Green, confectioner 91 William A Powell, J.P., hairdresser

Coliseum Moving Pictures


Congregational Church – Rev A Fisher-Webster, minister

107 EJ McDonald, fruiterer 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker


113 Mrs A Edwards 115 Frank McCute?

MC Lee, fruiterer Mrs Charlotte Jefferies



1913 Mrs N Robertson

83 Mary Ann Johnson

Wentworth Hall

89 Richard TV Cressy, confectioner

Coliseum Pictures


Congregational Church – Rev A Fisher-

107 Mrs Isabella E


Hang Lee Sun, art

MC Lee, fruiterer





Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

85 Mrs S Bridges, grocer

91 William A Powell, J.P., hairdresser

Webster, minister

Stanley, fruiterer 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

cabinet maker


1914 Alfred Murray, artist

83 Mary Ann Johnson 85 Mrs Sarah C Bridges, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 Marino Petrich, confectioner 91 Richard Matchett, hairdresser

Coliseum Pictures



107 Mrs L Sheedy, fruiterer 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker


113 Hang Lee Sun, art cabinet maker 115 W Rising & Co, art furniture manufacturers

Mrs Maria C Lee, fruiterer Mrs Charlotte Jefferies




83 Mary Ann Johnson 85 Mrs Sarah C Bridges, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 Marino Petrich, confectioner 91 Richard Matchett, hairdresser

Coliseum Pictures

Mrs Grace Bryson, hairdresser


107 S Pearce, confectioner 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker


113 Joe Hang, art cabinet maker 115 W Rising & Co, art furniture manufacturers

Mrs Maria C Lee, fruiterer Mrs Charlotte Jefferies

119 T Douglas, produce merchant 119a Mrs Stokes



83 Mrs Margaret Black 85 Mrs Sarah Bermingham, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 Mrs Mary Petrich, confectioner 91 Richard Matchett, hairdresser

Coliseum Pictures


Congregational Church



113 Joe Hang, cabinet maker 115 W Rising & Co, art furniture manufacturers

Mrs Maria C Lee, fruiterer




83 Rudolph Fabian 85 Mrs Sarah Bermingham, grocer

Wentworth Hall

89 Mrs M Petrich, confectioner

Coliseum Pictures





113 Joe Hang, cabinet maker 115 W Rising & Co, art furniture

William J Willcocks, fruiterer





Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

manufacturers

1918 Albert Franklin

83 Rudolph Fabian 85 R Henley, bootmaker

Wentworth Hall

89 Mrs M Petrich, confectioner

Coliseum Pictures



107 Edwin Connor, confectioner 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker


115 W Rising & Co, art furniture manufacturers





83 Rudolph Fabian

Wentworth Hall

89 Mrs Mary Petrich, confectioner

Coliseum Pictures



107 WS Ward 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker


115 W Rising & Co, art furniture manufacturers



Mrs Harriett Wilmot


83 Rudolph Fabian

Wentworth Hall

Mrs M Petrich, confectioner

Coliseum Pictures



107 William S Ward, saw sharpener 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

Mrs Blanche Batty, refreshment room

W Rising & Co, art furniture manufacturers


Thomas Douglas, produce merchant


83 Rudolph Fabian 85 Charles Kane, confectioner

Wentworth Hall


Coliseum Pictures



107 William S Ward, saw sharpener 109 Frederick Todd, bootmaker

Mrs Blanche Batty, refreshment room





83 Rudolph Fabian 85 WC Bays

Wentworth Hall


Coliseum Pictures

T & A Bryson, hairdresser


107 William S Ward, saw sharpener

Mrs B Thoroughgood




W Willcocks


83 Rudolph Fabian 85 WC Bays

Wentworth Hall

Mrs M Petrich

Coliseum Theatre

T & A Bryson Congregational Church

107 William S Ward 109 GT Day

Mrs B Thoroughgood

W Rising & Co

William J Willcocks

Thomas Douglas

W Willcocks

1924

83 Arthur F Brooker 85 WC Bays, confectioner

Returned Soldiers’ Boot Factory


Coliseum Theatre

T & A Bryson, hairdresser


107 William S Ward, band saw experts

Mrs B Thoroughgood, confectioner

W Rising & Co Ltd, cabinet makers

William J Wilcocks, fruiterers

Thomas Douglas, produce store

R Mitchell, jute merchants



Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121

St Silas’ Parish Hall

109 GT Day, boot maker

1925 P Pannyotus, fish & ships


Returned Soldiers’ Boot Factory St Silas’ Parish Hall


Coliseum Theatre

T & A Bryson, hairdressers Thomas E Bryson Jnr, engineer


107 William S Ward, band saw experts 109 GT Day, boot maker



Mrs Ward, dressmaker Walter E Harberry


1926


Returned Soldiers’ Boot Factory St Silas’ Parish Hall


Coliseum Theatre



107 William R Ward, band saw experts 109 GT Day, boot maker



F Silvedre, statuary


William Wilcox, fruiterer

1927 Miss E McGrail, draper

83 Mrs Mabel Alexander, grocer 85 WC Bays, confectioner

Returned Soldiers’ Shoe Co – E Rigley St Silas’ Parish Hall


Coliseum Theatre




117 The Federal Finance & Mortgage Co 117a W Batt, fishmonger




Mrs M Alexander, small goods



Coliseum Theatre




117a L Connolly, fishmonger




Mrs Kathleen Farley, small goods

Alexander Taylor, pattern maker St Silas’ Parish Hall


Coliseum Theatre




Timothy Kennedy, produce merchant



C Lindsay, small goods



Coliseum Theatre



113-115 W Rising & Co Ltd, furniture manufacturers


S King, furniture manufacturer



Alexander Taylor, pattern maker


Coliseum Theatre








Year 81 83-85 87 89-91 93-99 101 103-105 107-109 111 113-115 117 119 121


1932-3

Miss E McGrail, draper




Coliseum Theatre




A Lynch, fish shop





Table C.3 Raglan Street & 53 – 85 Botany Street / 116 – 134 Cope Street

Year 132-138 Raglan St

128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

1868

Mrs Moses, dealer (Raglan St) William Barnesley, bootmaker (Raglan St)

Valentine Davis, carpenter

1869

Eliza Moses (Raglan St) William Barnsley, shoemaker (Raglan St) George Unicum (Raglan St)

John Hill (Botany St)

Joseph Purse, bootmaker

1870 Congregational Chapel

George Parker

1871

Vacant land Mrs Eliza Moses, dealer Wiliam Barnsley, bootmaker

Methodist Chapel John Hill, tailor Henry Jarman, bootmaker Joseph Watsford

Joseph Purse, bootfinisher Vacant land

Thomas McGrane, carpenter & joiner Mrs Catherine Schnieder

James Wheatley, dealer Mrs Sarah Miles

Alfred Jacobs, dealer

Fareham Edward White, bricklayer

Valentine Davis, carpenter

George Parker, plasterer




128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

- Unicombe, gardener

John Hardwick, bootmaker

1873 Mrs Moses, grocer

Methodist Chapel

James Dodd William Warner, storekeeper

Henry Harris

Mrs Amelia Peaseley John McCarthney

John Davies

George H White, mining broker

Edward White, bricklayer

Banbury Terrace – V Davis, carpenter George Parker, plasterer

1875-8 No Data

1879

William George James, grocer Frederick Simpson, sawyer John Tisset, drayman Ann Glover

David Ross, stonemason Primitive Methodist Chapel – Pastor Mr B Kenny William Flynn, carpenter Louisa Fowler

Ellen Heffernan, tailoress William Morgan, storekeeper

HS Currie, painter

Kate Jennett Thomas Saunders, carpenter

John McGrath

Susannah Ryland, dressmaker

Patrick O’Brien

Valentine Davies, carpenter & joiner

George Parker, plasterer

1880

Mrs Mary Seller, greengrocer George Lester John Dowling

David Ross, stonemason Primitive Methodist Church Patrick Flynn John Stephenso

Mrs Mary Heffnan William Morgan, stonemason

Henry James Currie, painter Vacant house

Mrs Eliza Elliott Thomas Saunders, carpenter

John McGrath

Edward Gilbert, carpenter

Vacant house

Valentine Davies, carpenter

George Burke, plasterer




128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

n, boilermaker James McClune, mariner

1882 No Data

1883

134 John Loche, carpenter 136 Julia Christy, laundress 138 Charles Black

128 Michael Pratt, fitter Primitive Methodist chapel – Rev William Sparling, minister 130 John Montgomery

53 Vacant 55 Thomas Jones

59 John J Walsh 61 William Richards

63 William Ware, mason 65 Vacant

67 Vacant 69 Charles Daly

71 Honora Bourke

73 Vacant 75 Annie Fowler

77 Arthur Horne

85 George Parker, plasterer

1884

134 Henry Marshall, oil & colourman 136 John Turner, bootmaker 138 Frederick Mancer

128 James Campbell Primitive Methodist Church 130 John Montgomery

53 Joseph Lewis, wheelwright 55 Thomas Jones, blacksmith

57 Samuel Crittenden 59 William W Richards, carpenter

63 William Ware, stonecutter

67 Edward Dooley 69 Joseph Weight, draper

71 Mrs C Bourke

73 Charles Yeend, plasterer

77 George Newbery, dray proprietor 79 Frederick Wiggleton, bootmaker

81 George T Neal


1885 134 Mrs L Bristow

128 George Hall

53 Joseph Lewis,

57 Samuel Crittenden

63 FW Austin, bricklayer

67 Edward Dooley


73 Joseph Knight

77 George Newberg,

81 George T Neal

83 James Hughes, asphalter





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

136 Martha Lees 138 Frederick Mancer

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev C Waters 130 John Montgomery

wheelwright 55 James Quigg

59 Thomas Gleeson

69 William Dee

dray proprietor 79 Frederick Wiggleton, bootmaker

1886

134 Mrs L Bristow, confectioner 136 John Spinks 138 Frank Goodriffs, baker

128 George Hall Primitive Methodist Church – Rev C Waters 130 John Montgomery

53 Joseph Lewis, wheelwright 55 Edward Leaming

57 William Potts 59 William Bray 61 Alexander Canty

63 FW Austen, bricklayer

67 Edward Dooley, cab proprietor


73 Joseph Knight

75 John Sigle

77 George Newberg, dray proprietor 79 Frederick Wiggleton, bootmaker

81 John Smith

83 James Hughes


1887

134 Mrs L Bristow, confectioner 136 John Spinks 138 James Weeks, bootmaker

128 George Hall Primitive Methodist Church – Rev C Waters 130 Matthew Euch

53 Richard Beaman 55 Thomas Whiteby

57 Mrs M Lucas 59 Mrs A Harrison 61 Walter Hayter, hay & corn dealer

63 FW Austin, bricklayer

67 Charles King 69 Martin Collins


73 Henry Martin, plumber

75 John Sigle, bus driver

79 Albert Tritton, fuel merchant

81 John Smith

83 Thomas McCaffin


1888 134 Owner:

128 Henry Brown, tailor

53 Owner: William Glover

57 Owner: George Bolt

63 FW Austin,

67 Owner: John McCartney

71 Owner: Norah Burke

73 75 79 81 83 85




128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

William Glover Occupier: Mrs L Bristow Trade: confectioner Structure: Brick house Value: £30 136 Owner: John Spinks Occupier: John Spinks Trade: N/A Structure: Wooden house Value: £16 138 Owner: John West Occupier: Samuel and Mrs Batty Trade: Dressmaker

130 Brick Primitive Methodist Church – Rev T Rudd 132 Wooden primitive Methodist school hall

Occupier: Edward Leaney Trade: N/A Structure: Wooden house Value: £16 55 Owner: William Glover Occupier: Thomas Whiteby Trade: N/A Structure: Wooden house Value: £16

Occupier: William Potts Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £21 59 Owner: George Bolt Occupier: William Dee Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £21 61 Owner: Charles Barry Occupier: Walter Hayter Trade: hay & corn dealer Structure: Brick house and land Value: £41

bricklayer (sands) Listed in rates as 65, no 63 listed: Owner: L.L. Chapman Occupier: L.L. Chapman Trade: Grocer Structure: Wooden House: house Value: £21

Occupier: Dennis Halpin Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £21 69 Owner: John McCartney Occupier: James Stanford Trade: Auctioneer Structure: Brick house Value: £21

Occupier: William Foy Trade: Ironworker Structure: Wooden house Value: £31

Owner: Honora Bourke Occupier: Frederick Townsend Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £18

Owner: Honora Bourke Occupier: Thomas Hayes Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £18

Owner: Valentine Davis Occupier: Albert Triton Trade: Fuel merchant Structure: Wooden house and timber yard Value: £32

Owner: James Wiseman Occupier: James Wiseman Trade: N/A Structure: Brick house Value: £21

Owner: James Wiseman Occupier: Ralph Howarth Trade: Fitter Structure: Brick house Value: £21

Owner: William Parker Occupier: George Parker Trade: Plasterer Structure: Brick house Value: £23




128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

Structure: Wooden house Value: £16

1889

134 Mrs L Bristow, confectioner 136 John Spinks 138 Samuel Batty Mrs F Hill, dressmaker

130 George Johnson, sawyer Primitive Methodist Church – Rev B Kenney

53 Edward Leaney 55 Thomas Whiteby

57 William Potts 59 William Dee 61 Walter Hayter, hay & corn dealer

63 LL Chapman, grocer

67 Dennis Halpin 69 James Stanford, auctioneer

71 John W Parish, blacksmith

73 Fred S Townsend

75 Thomas Hayes

79 Albert Tritton, fuel merchant

81 James Wiseman

83 Ralph Howarth, fitter


1890

134 Mrs L Bristow, confectioner 136 John Spinks 138 Samuel Batey Mrs Batey, dressmaker

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev B Kenney

53 Edward Leaming 55 Joseph Danzey, butcher

57 William Potts 59 William Dee 61 Walter Hayter, produce dealer


67 George Graham 69 William Pride, bricklayer

71 James McQueen, boilermaker

73 Fred S Townsend

75 Thomas Hayes

79 Alfred Tritton, fuel merchant Francis Mountain

81 James Wiseman

83 Edward Wigginton, bootmaker


1891

134 Mrs L Bristow, confectioner

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev B Kenney

53 Edward Leaning 55 Thomas Whitby

57 Hugh Clarke 59 William Dee

67 J Ramsden 69 John McLeod


73 John Thomas, carpenter

75 Thomas Hayes

79 Alfred Tritton, fuel merchant

81 James Wiseman






128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

136 John Spinks 138 Samuel Batey Mrs Batey, dressmaker

61 Walter Hayter, produce dealer

Francis Mountain

1892

134 Mrs L Bristow, dressmaker 136 John Spinks 138 Samuel Batey Mrs Batey, dressmaker

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev B Kenny

53 Thomas Whitby 55 Joseph Saville

57 Hugh Clarke 59 William Dee 61 Walter Hayter, produce dealer. Ferguson

67 LL Chapman 69 William Mattison


73 AJ White

75 Joseph Maier


81 James Wiseman



1893

134 Thomas Wilson 136 John Spinks 138 Mrs Goodman, storekeeper

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev B Kenny

53 Thomas Whitby 55 Edward Leaning

57 Hugh Clarke 59 William Dee 61 Walter Hayter, produce dealer


67 Reuben Tollis Jnr 69 John Wiggins, bootmaker


73 Charles Schnitz, cigarmaker

75 FM Dixon, plumber


81 James Wiseman



1894

134 Thomas Haythorpe, storekeeper

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev B Kenny; Rev E

53 Thomas Whitby 55 Edward Leaning

57 Thomas Chandler, bootmaker 59 William Dee


67 John Lawrence 69 William Anderson

71 Mrs HA Bourke James Wallace

73 John Wiggins

75 Charles Schnitz, cigarmaker

77 FM Dixon, plumber 79 Alfred Tritton, fuel merchant

81 James Wiseman

83 Bertram Mosley





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

136 John Spinks 138 Thomas Higgins

Masterman

61 Walter Hayter, produce dealer

1895

134 William Bray 136 John Spinks 138 Thomas Higgins

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev E Masterman

53 Thomas Whitby

57 Thomas Chandler, bootmaker


73 John Wiggins

75 John Perkins

Francis Mountain

81 William C McCanley

83 Samuel Partridge


1896

134 Frederick Barnes 136 John Spinks 138 Thomas Higgins

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev E Masterman

53 Thomas Whitby

59 William Dee


71 William Wallace

73 John Wiggins

75 John Perkins

Francis Mountain

81 William C McCanley

83 Edwin Wiggenton


1897

134 Frederick Barnes 136 William Bateman

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev T Parr, MA; Rev J Green

57 Henry Williams, bootmaker 59 William Dee 61 Walter Hayter


67 William Potts 69 William Bray

71 Ransom Garbutt

73 John Pembroke

75 John Perkins

81 Edwin Wiggenton, bootmaker


1898

134 George Little 136 CL Marks

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev T Parr, MA; Rev J Green

59 William Wallace 61 Walter Hayter


67 James Wolley 69 William Bray

73 E Fenton

75 John Perkins

81 Edwin Wiggenton, bootmaker

83 J Cranney





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

138 George Deydon

1899

134 Sydney Smith 136 M Drew 138 Alfred Bell

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev Thomas Massingham

57 George McLean 59 George Collins 61 Walter Hayter


67 George Grey 69 William Bray

71 Benjamin Mayne

73 Alfred Furze

75 John Perkins

77 James Clifford

81 George Wiseman

83 M Tuffy 85 George Parker, plasterer

1900

134 Sydney Smith 138 Henry Bonnor, oyster saloon

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev WA Wilson

57 Mrs Sarah Cummins 59 George Collins 61 Walter Hayter


67 William Bray 69 Thomas Firm

71 G Byrnes, engineer

73 Alfred Furze

75 John Perkins

77 James Clifford

81 George Wiseman


1901

134 Samuel Partridge 138 Henry Bonnor, oyster saloon


53 John Seaberg

57 Mrs Sarah Cummins 59 James Collins 61 Walter Hayter


67 William Bray 69 Thomas Feran


73 Alfred Furze

75 John Perkins

77 Frederick Goodman

81 George Wiseman


1902

134 W Simpson 138 George Mapstone, oyster saloon


53 John Seaberg

57 AJ Lane, bootmaker 59 William Dunn 61 Walter Hayter


69 Thomas Feran


73 Alfred Furze

75 John Perkins


81 George Wiseman

83 George Cowdrey


1903

134 Mrs Annie Moore 138 George


53 John Seaberg 55 Mrs Leonia Leaning

57 William Smith 59 Leonard


67 Stephen Hesett? 69 Thomas Feran


73 Alfred Furze

75 Mrs Mary Perkins


81 George Wiseman

83 George Cowdrey





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

Mapstone, oyster saloon

Daley, butcher 61 Walter Hayter

1904

134 Mrs Annie Moore 138 George Mapstone, oyster saloon


53 John Seaberg 55 Mrs Leonia Leaning

57 William Smith 59 Edward Molan 61 Walter Hayter


67 Albert Healy 69 Ellen Donnellan

71 George Bell

73 Alfred Furze

75 Mrs Mary Perkins

77 James Minehan

81 George Wiseman

83 James Wiseman


1905

134 Mrs Annie Moore 138 George Mapstone, oyster saloon

Primitive Methodist Church – Rev John A Waddell

53 John Seaberg 55 Mrs Leonia Lenning

57 Henry Williams 59 Mrs Florence Show 61 Walter Hayter


67 Hannah Robinson 69 Ellen Donnellan

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Robert Matchett

75 John Miniter

77 Patrick Mynchun

81 George Wiseman

83 James Wiseman


1906

134 George Mapstone, oyster saloon

Methodist Church – Rev John A Waddell

53 Mrs Elizabeth Euch 55 Mrs Leonia Lenning

57 John Baker 61 Walter Hayter


67 Hannah Robinson 69 George Robinson

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Henley

75 John Miniter

79 Arthur Pearse

81 George Wiseman

83 James Wiseman


1907

134 George Mapstone, oyster saloon 136 George Williams, fruiterer

Methodist Church – Rev John A Waddell

53 Mrs Jane Gay 55 Mrs Lavinia Leaning

57 John Miles 61 Walter Hayter


67 Hannah Robinson 69 George Townsend

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Henley

75 Charles Lydlatt

79 George Mackander, van proprietor

81 George Wiseman

83 James Wiseman





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

1908

134 George Ongley, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer

Methodist Church – Rev Joseph Turn

53 Mrs Jane Gay 55 Mrs Lavinia Leaning

57 John Miles 59 William Chilton 61 Walter Hayter


67 Joseph Rossiter

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Henley

75 Charles Lydlatt

79 Thomas Skulander

81 James C Brown

83 James Wiseman


1909

134 George H Mapstone, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer


53 Mrs Jane Gay

57 Leonard Norman 59 William Chilton 61 Walter Hayter


67 Mrs Elizabeth Penfold 69 William White

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Henley

75 Charles Lydlatt

79 Thomas Skulander

81 James C Brown

83 James Wiseman


1910

134 George H Mapstone, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer


53 Mrs Jane Gay 55 Thomas Hutchin

57 William Franklin 59 William Chilton 61 Walter Hayter


67 Mrs Elizabeth Penfold 69 Orkin Pearce

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Henley

75 Charles Lydlatt

79 Herbert Smedley

81 James C Brown

83 James Wiseman


1911

134 Francis Mountain, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer

Methodist Church

53 Mrs Jane Gay 55 Elijah Levy

57 Charles Ray 59 William Chilton 61 Mrs W Hayter


67 Mrs Elizabeth Penfold 69 Orpen Pearce

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Henley

75 Ernest Charles Paterson

79 Herbert Smedley

81 James C Brown

83 Alfred James Wiseman





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

1912

Sands directory unavailable

Methodist Church – Rev JS Thomas

61 Mrs S Hayter


71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Edgar Perichon

75 George Watson

79 Herbert Smedley

81 James C Brown



1913

134 William Cooney, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer

Methodist Church – Rev JS Thomas

61 Mrs W Hayter


71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Edgar Perichon

75 George Watson

79 Frederick Pride

81 Charles R Lilliard



1914


Methodist Church – Rev AE Walker

65 LL Chapman

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Mrs Squires

75 George Watson

79 Frederick Pride

81 Charles R Lilliard


85 George Parker

1915


Methodist Church – Rev AE Walker

61 Mrs S Hayter

65 LL Chapman

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Charles E Graham

75 George Watson

79 Frederick Pride

81 George Wiseman


85 George Parker

1916

South Sydney Mission School Hall

Methodist Church

61 Mrs S Hayter

65 LL Chapman

69 C Day & Sons, furniture manufacturers

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Charles E Graham

75 Stephen Amos

79 Charles Carter

81 George Wiseman





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

134 Peter Lemnox, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer

1917

South Sydney Mission School Hall 138 George Hubbard, dyer

Methodist Church

61 Mrs H Harrington

65 LL Chapman


71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 Charles E Graham

75 Peter Carty

79 Charles Carter

81 George Wiseman


1918

South Sydney Mission School Hall 138 George Hubbard, dyer

Methodist Church

61 Mrs H Harrington

65 LL Chapman


71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Bundy

75 Peter Carter

79 Charles Carter

81 George Wiseman


1919

134 Mrs Emma Pethybridge South Sydney Mission School Hall 138 George Hubbard, dyer

Methodist Church

61 Mrs H Harrington

65 LL Chapman


71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Bundy

75 Peter Carter

79 Charles Carter

81 George Wiseman





128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

1920

134 Leo Belleno, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer

61 Mrs Harriett Harrington

65 Laurence L Chapman

69 Barnes Bros, engineers Henri Jules Legrand, wood machinist Percy Henry Brown, cabinet maker

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Bundy

75 Ernest Hudson

79 Peter Carty

81 Conrad Faust


85 Arthur B Crook

1921

132 Heckles & White, upholsterers 134 Leo Belleno, oyster saloon 138 George Hubbard, dyer



Henri Jules Legrand, wood machinist Percy Henry Brown, cabinet maker

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Bundy

75 Ernest Hudson

79 Peter Carty

81 Lawrence Griffiths

83 Frederick Pryde

85 Arthur B Crook

1922

132 Fred Eccles 134 Peter Dioclitis 138 George Hubbard, dyer



Henri Jules Legrand, wood machinist H Silver

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Bundy

75 Ernest Hudson

77-9 Mrs Harriett Wilmot

81 Lawrence Griffiths

83 Frederick Pryde

85 Arthur B Crook

1923 132 Fred Eccles

Hardress & Forbes, storeroom

61 Mrs H Harrington


69 Jackson & Blue

71 Mrs Alice Firkin

73 James Bundy

Ernest Hudson

77-9 Mrs Harriett Wilmot

81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 Arthur B Crook




128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

134 Peter Dioclitis 138 George Hubbard

1924

132 Hardress & Forbes, storeroom 134 Peter Dioclitis

Ikon Paint Co Ltd

61 Mrs H Harrington


69 Frederick Jackson, wood machinist DE Hewett, pattern maker

71 Albert Firkin

73 James Bundy

77-9 Mrs H Wilmot

81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 Arthur B Crook

1925

132 Hardress & Forbes, storeroom 134 Peter Dioclitis P Dioclitis, fish & chips

61 Mrs H Harrington


69 Jackson & Co, cabinet makers

71 Albert Firkin

73 William Lane

75 George Hudson

77-9 Mrs H Wilmot

81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 Arthur B Crook

1926

132 Hardress & Forbes, storeroom 134 William Galanon

61 Mrs H Harrington



71 Chum Lock

73 William Lane

75 George Hudson

77-9 Mrs H Wilmot

81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 Arthur B Crook

1927 47 Hafona Phonograph Works

61 Mrs H Harrington



71 Chum Lock

73 T Bermingham

75 A Foley 77-9 W Ryan, carrier

81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 HJ McBurney




128-130 Raglan St

47-55 Botany St

57-59/ 116-61/ 118

63-65/ 120

67-69/ 122

71/ 124 73/ 126 75/ 128 79-85/ 130-134

1928 134 C Smith, fish shop

61 Mrs H Harrington



71 RW Prouten

73 T Bermingham

75 Mrs MA Foley

77-9 W Ryan, carrier

81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 HJ McBurney


HL Mason, furniture manufacturer Kell & Co, upholsterer

61 Mrs H Harrington


69 FA Jackson, wood turner

71 RW Prouten

73 T Bermingham

75 Mrs MA Foley


81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 HJ McBurney


HL Mason, furniture manufacturer

61 Mrs H Harrington



71 RW Prouten

73 T Bermingham

75 Mrs MA Foley


81 James Potter

83 Frederick Pryde

85 HJ McBurney



61 Mrs H Harrington



71 RW Prouten

73 T Bermingham

75 Mrs MA Foley


81 John A Harris

83 Frederick Pryde

85 HJ McBurney

1932-3 134 C Smith, fish shop


61 Mrs H Harrington



71 RW Prouten

73 Charles Foley

75 Jason Smith


81 John A Harris

83 Frederick Pryde

85 HJ McBurney



Table C.4 107 – 129 Botany Street / 112– 172 Cope Street

Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

1861-7

No Data

1868

Joseph Brady, stonemason

1869

Joseph Brady, stonemason

P McNamara, van proprietor

Robert Bragg, teacher

1870 Joseph Brady, mason

John Sams P McNamara, van proprietor

Robert Bragg, teacher

1871

Mrs Bridget Cross Joseph Brady, mason

Mrs Mary E Sutton William T Cadden, upholsterer

John Sams, storeman Patrick McNamara, van proprietor

Vacant house

John Lewis, woolwasher

Vacant land Robert Bragg, teacher

Vacant land

1873

Banbury Terrace – Robert Bragg Joseph Brady, mason B Massent, soap boiler M Godfrey Frederick Hextall James Horne

William Gardner

Charles Carson

Vacant land

1875-8

No Data

1876

1879

Banbury Terrace – William Storm Francis Carruthers, bootfinisher

Thomas Miller, carpenter

John Jones Francis Murray, tailor

Joseph Watsford

William Gardner

Thomas Walters, tailor

William George Moggeridge,

Vacant land



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

William Henry Hill, gunsmith James A Fox, carpenter

Maria Miller, dressmaker

Samuel Potter, fireman

ironmonger

1880

James Morrissey, draper Timothy Parker, engineer

Francis Cruthers, bootmaker William Riley, blacksmith

Mrs Charlotte Fox George Stephenson

William Charles Coleman William Henry Daniels, dealer

Joseph Watsford Samuel Potter

William Gardiner

John Abbott

William George Moggridge, ironmonger

William Moggridge

1882 Sands Directory unavailable

1883

87 Joseph Watsford 89 Robert Walsh, engine fitter

91 Francis Carruthers 93 Thomas Batty, plumber

95 George Collins, tinsmith 97 William J Lane, bootmaker

99 Thomas Gibson 101 Samuel B Murray, mason

103 Vacant 105 Samuel Potter

107 Robert J Roberts 109 Henry Rutter, draftsman

111 Michael E Berresford 113 Stephen T Waters

117 William Gardiner, engineer

119 John Abbott

123 William Moggridge

125 Caroline Schnider

139 William Farrell

45 William G Moggridge

1884

87 Joseph Waterford 89 John Brennan

91 Francis Carruthers, bootfinisher 93 Thomas Batting, plumber

95 George Collins, tinsmith 97 William Jason Lane, bootmaker

99 Thomas Gibson, warehouseman 101 Samuel Bolton Murray, mason

103 Andrew Venos 105 Samuel Potter

107 George Bunting, shipwright

117 William Gardiner

119 William Watts, fellmonger

123 William Clingan

125 William Mulder, baker

137 John Smith 139 Roger McCormick


1885

87 Andrew Venos 89 Catherine Farrell

91 Francis Carruthers 93 Joseph Watsford

95 George Collins, tinsmith 97 William J Lane, bootmaker

99 Thomas Gibson, warehouseman 101 Samuel B Murray, stonemason

103 Andrew Venos 105 Samuel Potter

107 George Burton, shipwright & grocer 109 William S Riley, carpenter

111 Henry Gelane, bootmaker


119 Thomas Batty, painter

123 William Clingan

125 William Mulder, baker 127 George Noble, tailor

137 Alfred J Tritton, wood dealer 139 Henry E Smith, tinsmith


1886

87 Andrew Venos 89 William Ellis

91 Francis Carruthers 93 Joseph Watsford

95 George Collins, tinsmith

99 Thomas Gibson, warehouseman

103 Bernard O’Kane, carpenter

107 Joshua Williams, greengrocer

111 Henry Gillard, bootmaker



123 William Clingan

125 John W Mulder, baker

137 Mrs J Waller




Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

97 William J Lane, bootmaker

101 Samuel B Murray, stonemason

105 Samuel Potter

109 George Brooker

113 Samuel Ellis, plumber

127 WCB Leigh

139 Henry Darnley, tailor

1887

87 Andrew Venos, fishmonger 89 William Ellis

91 Francis Carruthers, bootfinisher 93 Joseph Watsford

95 Mrs Mary Dickinson, dressmaker 97 George Stuart, baker

99 Thomas Gibson, warehouseman 101 Samuel B Murray, stonemason

103 Bernard O’Kane, carpenter 105 Thomas Hayes

107 John Fitzroy, grocer 109 Gerge Brooker

111 Henry Gillard, bootmaker 113 John Kerwick



123 William Clingan

125 Harry McClure, painter

137 Michael Traynor, stonemason 139 Joseph McLeod, plasterer


1888

87 Owner: Parker Estate Occupier: Arthur Wenman Trade: Plasterer Structure: Brick house Value: £21 89 Owner: Parker Esate Occupier: George Grant Trade: Painter Structure: Brick house Value: £21

91 Owner: Peter Rappeneker Occupier: Francis Carruthers Trade: Bootfinisher Structure: Brick house, Banbury Terrace Value: £21 93 Owner: Peter Rappeneker

95 Owner: Peter Rappeneker Occupier: William James Trade: Bootfinisher Structure: Brick house, Banbury Terrace Value: £21 97 Owner: Peter Rappeneker Occupier: George Stuart,

99 Owner: Trustees Powell Estate Occupier: Thomas Gibson Trade: Bootmaker Structure: Brick house Value: £26 101 Owner: Trustees Powell Estate Occupier: Vacant Trade: Structure: Brick house Value: £26

103 and 105 Land Owner: M F Smith Value: £10

107 Owner: James Jones Occupier: John F Skinner Trade: Dealer Structure: Wooden House and shop Value: £28 109 Owner: James Jones Occupier: Henry Stead Trade: N/A

111 Owner: James Jones Occupier: John Dalzell Trade: N/A Structure: Wooden House Value: £23 113 Owner: James Jones Occupier: John Kerwick Trade: N/A Structure: Wooden House Value: £23

117 Owner: John Gardener Occupier: John Gardener Trade: N/A Structure: Brick House and land Value: £23

119 and 121 Owner: John Abbott Occupier: Mrs S. Goldin Trade: N/A Structure: Brick House and land Value: £21

123 Owner: George Tucker Occupier: William Giligan Trade: N/A Structure: Brick House Value: £28

125 Owner: James Mulder Occupier: Harry Gillard Trade: Slippermaker Structure: Brick House Value: £26 127 Owner: James Ross Occupier: James Ross Trade: Agent Structure: Brick House Value: £26

129-135: Owner: Robert Coates Occupier: Miss R Coates Trade: N/A Structure: Brick produce store Value: £46 137 Owner: Johanna Holborrow Occupier: Vacant Trade: N/A Structure: Brick House Value: £21

43 Owner: Johanna Holborrow Occupier: Mrs Bell Trade: Wardrobe dealer Structure: Wooden house Value: N/A 45 Owner: Johanna Holborrow Occupier: William G Moggridge Trade: Fruiterer



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

Occupier: Thomas Bridges Trade: Baker Structure: Brick house, Banbury Terrace

Trade: Baker Structure: Brick house, Banbury Terrace Value: £21

Structure: Wooden House Value: £23

139 Owner: Johanna Holborrow Occupier: George Johnson Trade: Sawyer Structure: Brick House Value: £21

Structure: Wooden shop and dwelling Value: £23

1889

87 Arthur Wenman 89 George Grant, painter

91 Francis Carruthers, bootfinisher

95 William James, bootfinisher 97 George H Stewart

99 Thomas Gibson, bootmaker

107 John F McGregor Skinner, dealer 109 Henry Stead

111 John Dalzell 113 John Kerwick


119 Mrs S Goldin

123 William Clingan

125 Harry Gillard, slippermaker 127 James Ross

137 William Howell, painter 139 Walter Meares, bootmaker

45 William G Moggridge, fruiterer

1890

87 Arthur Wenman, plasterer 89 Patrick Somers

91 Francis Carruthers, bootfinisher 93 Thomas Bridges, baker

95 William James, bootfinisher 97 Edward Donovan


107 John F McGregor Skinner 109 Henry Stead

111 John Dalzell 113 John Kerwick


119 Mrs S Goldin

123 William Clingan

125 Harry Gillard, slippermaker 127 James Ross, agent

139 George Johnson, sawyer

Mrs Bell, wardrobe dealer 45 William G Moggridge, fruiterer

1891

87 Charles Matthews 89 Patrick Somers

91 William Fairweather 93 Thomas Bridges, baker

95 Joseph Danzle, butcher 97 Edward Donovan

99 Thomas Gibson, bootmaker 101 Robert Pinder, carpenter

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 Henry Stead

111 John Dalzell 113 James Cuthbertson


119 Mrs S Goldin

123 William Clingan

125 John Kerywick 127 James Ross

137 John Murphy 139 William McPherson

45 George Bell, bootmaker Mrs C Bell

1892 87 Charles Matthews

91 Edward Leaning

95 Joseph Danzle, butcher


107 John F McG.

111 John Dalzell

115 Charles Kanny

119 Mrs S Goldin

123 William Clingan

125 John Kerrywick

137 James Henry

45 George Bell, bootmaker



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

89 William Mason

93 Thomas Bridges, baker

97 Edward Donovan

101 George Whitchurch

Skinner, grocer 109 Henry Putsey


127 James Ross

Mrs C Bell

1893

87 S Smith, bootmaker 89 Arthur Williams

91 George Johnson 93 Arthur Pettigrove

95 William Macauley 97 Edward Donovan

99 Thomas Gibson, bootmaker 101 William Cronin

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 Charles Euleton

111 John Dalzell


119 Mrs S Goldin

123 William Clingan

125 John Kerrywick 127 James Ross

137 Timothy Hamey 139 James Holson

45 George Bell, bootmaker Mrs C Bell

1894 89 Arthur Williams

91 George Johnson 93 William Sloss, cook

95 William Macauley, butcher 97 William Clare, bootmaker

99 Thomas Gibson, bootmaker 101 William Steward, printer

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 Charles Ewington, printer

111 Thomas Heath 113 Arthur Lane


119 Mrs S Goldin

123 William Clingan

125 John Kerwick 127 William Mulder

137 Charles Montgomery 139 Mrs M Anderson

45 Henry Freekelton

1895 89 Patrick Brandon

97 Charles Fitzroy

99 Thomas Gibson, bootmaker 101 WR Watson

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 S McBurney

113 Arthur Lane


123 William Clingen

125 John Kerwick


97 Charles Fitzroy



113 Arthur Lane


123 William Clingen

125 John Kerwick


91 Alfred Chisholm 93 Sidney Smith, bootmaker

95 John Rowan, plasterer 97 Andrew Buck

99 Ralph Powell, tailor


113 Thomas Gleeson


119 James Agney

123 William Clingen

125 John Kerwick

139 Michael Ryan



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129


91 S McBurney 93 David Bayley

97 Andrew Buck


107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer

111 George Stewart 113 Thomas Gleeson


123 William Clingen

125 John Kerwick

137 Robert Sims 139 Michael Ryan


91 S McBurney

95 Edward Clifford 97 Andrew Buck



111 George Stewart 113 Francis Bagan


123 James Giles, glazier

125 John Kerwick 127 John Pike

135 Julius Wellman, cabinet maker 137 Robert Sims 139 Michael Ryan

129 John Lockey


91 S McBurney

95 Edward Clifford 97 Andrew Buck





125 John Kerwick 127 John Pike

135 Julius Wellman, cabinet maker 137 Robert Sims 139 Michael Ryan

129 John Lockey


91 Mrs Mary McBurney

97 Thomas Morris





119 E Noring

123 R Rogers

125 John Kerwick

135 Edward Wellman, cabinet maker 137 John Townsend 139 Michael Ryan, grocer

129 John Lockey



95 John Vickery, carrier

99 S Stevens

107 John F McG.

111 George Stewart


119 E Noring

123 J Rogers

125 John Kerwick

135 Edward Wellman,

129 H Beaumont,



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

93 R Williams

97 Thomas Morris

101 George Donnison

Skinner, grocer 109 JW Pratt

113 Francis Bagan

127 Thomas Veness

cabinet maker 139 John Townsend

commission agent

1903 89 Mrs Sophia Williams

91 Mrs Mary McBurney 93 Patrick Brandon

95 Richard Westbury, baker 97 Thomas Morris

99 Peter Walsh 101 George Donnison

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 JW Pratt



119 Mrs Eliza Noring

123 J Rogers

125 John Kerwick 127 George Veness

135 Edward Wellman, cabinet maker 139 John Townsend

127 Waterloo Labor League 129 Charles Cowin

1904 89 John Carter


95 Richard Westbury, baker 97 Thomas Morris

99 Sydney Facey 101 Robert Arbuckle

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 Mrs Anne Lancken

111 Robert Macfarlane 113 Mrs Janet Bray

117 William Gardiner A Gardner, coachpainter


123 J Rogers



127 Waterloo Labor League 129 Charles Cowin

1905 89 John Carter


95 Richard Westbury, baker 97 George Burns

101 Joseph J King

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 Mrs Anne Lancken

111 Mrs Mary Ann Brown 113 Mrs Jennie Ryan



123 J Rogers


135 Edward Wellman, cabinet maker 137 William Ross 139 John Townsend

127 Botany Labor League 129 Thomas Field

1906

87 Robert Matchett 89 John Carter


95 Richard Westbury, baker 97 John Maddigan

99 Charles Brooks 101 Joseph J King

107 John F McG. Skinner, grocer 109 Thomas Smith

111 Mrs Mary Ann Brown 113 William Henry Pryor


119 Mrs Anne Lancken

123 J Rogers



127 Australian Socialist League 129 Mrs Elizabeth Kehoe



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

1907

87 Robert Matchett 89 John Carter


97 John Maddigan

99 Mrs Jane Evans 101 Joseph J King

107 Mrs Ellen Byrne, grocer 109 Benjamin Whiffen

111 Mrs Mary Ann Brown 113 James H Worboys


119 Mrs Anne Lancken

123 John Rogers


135 Edward Wellman, wicker furniture manufacturer 137 George Bye 139 John Townsend

127 William E Ockelford, wood carver 129 Mrs Elizabeth Kehoe

1908

87 Robert Matchett 89 Mrs Emma Talt


95 Paul Clark 97 Mrs Eliza Cook

101 Joseph J King

107 Mrs Lillian Henley, grocer 109 George Barker

111 James Murray 113 Mrs Lucy Byrnes


119 Mrs Mary Ann Johnson

123 John Rogers


135 Edward Wellman, wicker furniture manufacturer 137 Andrew Philp 139 John Townsend


1909

87 Richard Matchett 89 Mrs Emma Talt


95 Paul Clark 97 Mrs Eliza Cook

101 Joseph J King

107 Miss Florence Way, grocer 109 Henry Pakes

111 Thomas C Bundy 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 Mrs Mary Ann Johnson

123 John Rogers

125 John Kerwick 127 Arthur Batty

135 Edward Wellman, wicker furniture manufacturer 137 Edward Hillyer 139 John Townsend




Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

1910

87 Richard Matchett 89 John Davis


95 Mrs Eliza King 97 Mrs Eliza Cook

99 James Britt 101 Joseph J King

107 PC Henrickson grocer 109 Mrs Alice Brown

111 Thomas C Bundy 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 Mrs Anne Kelso

123 John Rogers


135 Edward Wellman, wicker furniture manufacturer 137 Edward Hillyer 139 John Townsend

127 William E Ockelford, wood carver 129 Gordon Everett Mantle

1911

87 Richard Matchett 89 Francis Cowan

91 Mrs Mary McBurney 93 Mrs Matilda Brandon


99 Mrs Janet Cotter 101 Joseph J King

107 Mrs EM Brown, grocer 109 Thomas C Bundy

111 Thomas Smith 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 Edward G Wilson

123 John Rogers


135 Hang Lee Sun, cabinet makers 137 John Henry Kelso 139 John Townsend

129 Alfred Gaskell

1912 Sands Directory unavailable

1913

87 Richard Matchett 89 John Cowan



99 Mrs Janet Cotter 101 Joseph J King

107 Mrs Sarah Gwen Menter 109 Henry Walker

111 William Dawes 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 Mrs Ethel Brown

123 Hang Lee Sun, cabinet maker

125-127 William Shung, cabinet maker

135-137 Hang Lee Sun, cabinet maker

129 Hang Lee Sun

1914

87 Percy Papworth 89 John Cowan



99 Ernest Lakeman 101 Joseph J King

107 Robert Wilson 109 Henry Walker

111 William Dawes 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 Mrs Ethel Brown

123 Hang Lee Sun, cabinet maker

125-127 William Shung, cabinet maker

135-137 Hang Lee Sun, cabinet maker

129 Hang Lee Sun

1915 87 Percy Papworth


95 Mrs Eliza King

99 Ernest Lakeman

107 Robert Wilson

111 William Dawes


119 John Lillas

123 Hong Chong,

125 William Ming

135-137 W Rising & Co,

129 Hang Lee Sun



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

89 John Cowan

93 Mrs Matilda Brandon

97 Mrs Eliza Cook

101 Joseph J King

109 Henry Walker

113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell

cabinet maker

127 William Tong

cabinet makers

1916

87 Percy Papworth 89 John Cowan




107 Robert Wilson 109 Henry Walker

111 George Barker 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 John Smith

123 Hong Chong, cabinet maker

125 William Ming 127 William Tong

135-137 Sang Kwong & Co, cabinet makers

129 Mrs John Chong

1917

87 Stephen Amos 89 Charles R Lydlard


95 Mrs Eliza King 97 Mrs Richard Matchett


107 Clive Worboys 109 Henry Walker

111 George Barker 113 Mrs Sarah O’Donnell


119 John Smith




129 Mrs John Chong

1918



95 Mrs Eliza King 97 Alfred Ward


109 Henry Walker

111 William M Pride


119 John Smith




129 Mrs John Chong

1919



95 Mrs Eliza King 97 John Pugsley


109 Henry Walker

111 Sydney Middleton 113 William M Pride


119 John Smith



135-137 Sang Kwong & Co

129 Mrs John Chong

1920



95 James Thompson 97 George Bond

99 Richard William Prouten 101 John Henry Saville

109 Mrs Elizabeth MA Walker

111 Mrs Mary Lee 113 William M Pride

117 Mrs Emily Gardener

123 Chong Tong, cabinet maker


129 Mrs Maria Oxley 131 Harry Young, farrier

1921


91 Mrs Mary McBurney 93 Mrs

95 James Thompson

99 Richard William Prouten

105 Waterloo Municipal

107 William C Nicholls

111 Mrs Mary Lee



125-137 Sang Kwong &

129 Mrs Maria Oxley



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

Matilda Brandon

97 Mrs Nellie Curtis

101 John Henry Saville

Council Depot

109 Alfred J Celssman

113 William M Pride

Co, cabinet makers

131 Harry Young, farrier

1922



95 James Thompson 97 Mrs Nellie Curtis

99 Richard William Prouten 101 John Henry Saville

105 Waterloo Municipal Council Depot

107 Mrs Lucy Newell 109 Alfred J Celssman

111 Henry Mannix 113 Mrs Annie Morrison



125-137 John Hook

129 Mrs Maria Oxley 131 Harry Young, farrier

1923


91 Harold J McBurney 93 Mrs Matilda Brandon

95 James Thompson 97 Mrs Nellie Curtis

99 Richard W Prouten 101 Arthur Deakin


107 Patrick Clancy 109 Alfred J Celssman

111 Henry Mannix 113 Mrs Annie Morrison


129 Mrs Maria Oxley

1924


93 Mrs Matilda Brandon

95 James Thompson 97 Massey




111 Archibald Eagles 113 Mrs Annie Morrison


129-131 Kwon Sang & Co, cabinet makers

129 Thomas McGee

1925


91 Harold McBurney 93 Mrs Matilda Brandon

95 James Thompson 97 James McLelland




111 Mrs Harris 113 Mrs Annie Morrison

117 William Gardener


137 Richard Jones

129 Charles H Sinclair

1926


91 Harold McBurney 93 Mrs Matilda Brandon

95 James Thompson 97 James McLelland




111 Mrs Harris 113 Mrs Annie Morrison



137 Claude Hawk

129 Harold Hill

1927


91 LJ Smith 93 J Bundy

95 James Thompson 97 Wong



107 Patrick Clancy 109 J Burnett

111 Mrs E Harris 113 Mrs Annie Morrison



137 Claude Hawk

129 Harold Hill



Year 107 146-148 160 162 164 166 168-170 172 127-129

1928


91 LJ Smith 93 John Mannix

97 Charlie Wong

99 James Bundy 101 Arthur Deakin


107 Patrick Clancy 109 John Harris

111 Mrs E Harris 113 Charles Hill

117 William Gardner


137 Claud Hawke

129 Mrs Jane Hewitt

1929


91 Mrs Eva Toon 93 John Mannix

97 Charlie Wong




111 Mrs E Harris 113 Charles Hill

117 William Gardner

129-131 Sam King, furniture manufacturer

135 John Scott

137 Claud Hawke

129 Patrick Madden

1930

87 Thomas Martin 89 Charles R Lydlard

91 Mrs Eva Toon

97 Charlie Wong




111 Mrs Annie Jenkins 113 JH Weatherby

117 William Gardner


129-133 F Chong, furniture

135 Mrs Lily Jarvis

137 Alexander Rowley

129 Maurice H Hoffman?

1931


91 Mrs Eva Toon 93 William J McNichol

97 Charlie Wong



107 Thomas Lewis 109 Richard Bennett

111 Thomas Young 113 JH Weatherby

117 William Gardner



135 Mrs Louisa Watts

137 AE Tarran

Joseph Jones

1932-3


93 Noel Denis

95 Mrs Mary Cost



107 Thomas Lewis 109 Richard Bennett

111 Thomas Young

117 William Gardner



135 Mrs Louisa Watts

137 AE Tarran

Mr Robert Muir Senior Environment Coordinator Tunnel and Station Excavation Works Sydney Metro City & Southwest 140 Sussex Street Sydney NSW 2000 Sent by email to: [email protected] Dear Mr Muir RE: SSI 15_7400 – Sydney Metro – City & Southwest (Chatswood Sydenham) – Tunnel and Station Excavation Works (TSE) – Archaeological Method Statements under Condition E17 of the Approval – 3 Documents (Barangaroo, Pitt Street North, Waterloo)

Reference is made to the following documents provided to the Heritage Division at a meeting on 23 November 2017. It is noted that a revised Final version of the Barangaroo document was provided on 29 November 2017.

• final Barangaroo Station, Hickson Road, Barangaroo Sydney Metro project Archaeological Method Statement, December 2017, report to AMBS Ecology & Heritage on behalf of John Holland CPB Ghella, JV Sydney Metro city & southwest by Casey and Lowe (doc17/604766)

• final Pitt Street Station north, Park Street, Sydney Archaeological Method Statement, November 2017, report to AMBS Ecology & Heritage on behalf of John Holland CPB Ghella JV Sydney Metro city & southwest by Casey and Lowe (DOC17/629560)

• Sydney Metro, City & Southwest Archaeological Method Statement for Waterloo Station Prepared by AMBS Ecology & Heritage for John Holland CPB Ghella Joint Venture Final November 2017, AMBS Reference: 16314 (DOC17/599275).

It is noted that the Archaeological Method Statements (AMS) are required under Condition E17 of the CSSI Approval for the Sydney Metro Project and that the Final Archaeological Method Statements must be prepared in consultation with the Heritage Council of NSW (or its delegate) before commencement of archaeological excavation works. The Heritage Division of OEH also understands that archaeological works have been approved by the Department of Planning & Environment to take place as ‘low-impact’ early works ahead of construction works for the project. Earlier project documents prepared as part of the assessment and incorporated into the Project Approval included a Non-Aboriginal Impact Assessment (EIS Technical Paper 4, 2016) and Sydney Metro Historical Archaeological Assessment and Research Design Report (AARD) prepared by Artefact Heritage (2016). The more recent AMS documents also note and partially address further Conditions of Approval: E19 which requires an Unexpected Heritage Finds Procedure and E20 which calls for preparation of an Archaeological Relic Management Plan (ARMP) in consultation with the Heritage Council of NSW, in the event that unexpected State significant ‘relics’ are found.

File No: SF17/55399

Ref No: DOC17/629560; DOC17/604766

DOC17/599275


2

I

Barangaroo In accordance with E17, the Archaeological Method Statement (AMS) has provided an updated strategy to implement the earlier AARD for Barangaroo Station. It also provides additional information missing from the AARD as identified in the Heritage Council submission on the Preferred Infrastructure Report (PIR) and the Department of Planning & Environment, Secretary’s Assessment Report, 2016: 35- 38. Further historical research and more detailed analysis of archaeological potential has now been completed. The site is located within and to the west of Hickson Road, Barangaroo and includes part of the Headland and Nawi Park. Two station entries will be located to the west of Hickson Road, one in the north (North Cove Park) and the other in the south (north of the new Agar Street). Barangaroo will also be used to launch and recover Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM’s). The Barangaroo Station will be constructed as a cut and cover station with an island platform. Ancillary impacts will include new service lines, hardstand areas, but much of this will occur in previously disturbed areas or within the dredged harbour and therefore there is little archaeological potential and no known significance. Nearby excavations at Barangaroo South (Casey & Lowe 2011-12) and Barangaroo Headland (Austral 2012-15), as well as the monitoring of service trenches excavated along Hickson Road by Austral all help to inform the likelihood of survival of archaeological remains within the Barangaroo Station excavation area. Much of Hickson Road has previously been deeply cut to the level of bedrock. There is potential for archaeological remains on the western side of Hickson Road, along the original shoreline and in reclaimed land to the east, including North Cove Park. Barangaroo Station has been divided into areas of moderate, moderate to low, low and no archaeological potential (Table 4.1 and Figure 4.16 of the report). Updated Statements of Significance have been provided in Section 5.0. In summary, the Barangaroo Station site has the potential to contain archaeological remains for properties dating from the 1830s to the early 20th century. The remains are likely to include structures such as wharves, jetties, seawalls, a slipway, warehouses, boatbuilding sheds, workshops, houses and cesspits. Artefact depos its, surfaces, reclamation fills, timber piles, and footings are the most likely surviving remains associated with these items. The report has considered findings from other comparable archaeological excavations in the surrounding area. Suitable research questions/themes have been proposed. The program would include Testing followed by sampling and salvage excavation if intact remains are present. Testing and monitoring would occur for the piling program to mitigate impacts and resolve design issues. Dr Mary Casey & Mike Hincks are the nominated Primary and Secondary Excavation Directors for this project. Both meet the Heritage Council Criteria and have held Heritage Council permits for work of similar scale and assessed significance. An appropriately qualified and experienced team has also been nominated. A Clearance Certificate would be issued by the Historic Primary Excavation Director (Dr Casey) for each site after investigations are completed at that particular location. Following the archaeological investigation program, a report would be prepared detailing the results of the fieldwork and post-excavation analysis. The report will be prepared in accordance with the requirements of a standard excavation permit. This report is required under CoA E18. The AMS for Barangaroo Station is considered generally appropriate to guide the work that is required to comply with the Conditions of Approval for the Sydney Metro project and the anticipated historical archaeological impacts of the project. The AMS has included an Unexpected Heritage Finds Procedure. Pitt Street North In accordance with E17 the Final Archaeological Method Statement provides an updated strategy to implement the earlier AARD for Pitt Street Station northern entry (Pitt Street Station North) but also provided additional information missing from the AARD as identified in the Heritage Council

3

submission on the PIR Report and the DPE, Secretary’s Assessment Report, 2016: 35- 38. These required further historical research and more detailed analysis of archaeological potential. The works for Pitt Street Station North focus on the excavation of a shaft for the northern of two station entrances, off Park Street. Excavations for the project will remove all of the archaeology within the footprint of the subject site. The site area has been divided into six different areas, designated by a site code (PS 5 to PS 10). The Pitt Street Station southern entry site comprises PS 1 to PS 4 and will be the subject of a separate AMS by AMBS, Ecology & Heritage, not yet received by the Heritage Division. Due to several buildings with basements PS9 and PS10 are considered to have no archaeological potential and no significance. Therefore PS5, PS6, PS7 and PS8 are the relevant areas for future investigation and are assessed to have moderate to high potential for archaeological resources of both local and State significance. The sites may contain remains from the early 19th century when the area was part of the swamps that fed the Tank Stream. The Pitt Street Station North site has the potential to contain archaeological remains across multiple properties dating from c.1810 into the early 20th century. Buildings and specific occupants are shown on maps from 1823 onwards. Well-preserved later phase remains dating to the late 19th and early 20th century are anticipated. Substantial remains of the pre1830s European occupation of the area, including multiphase occupation and those relating to the nature and modification of the natural environment of the Tank Stream would be of State significance. Remains related to the mid-19th century or later may be of local significance. The report has considered findings from other comparable archaeological excavations in the surrounding area. Suitable research questions have been proposed and the proposed program would include Testing followed by Open Area salvage excavation if intact remains are present. Monitoring would occur if testing proves inconclusive. Primary Excavation Director (ED) would be Dr Mary Casey with Secondary Excavation Director, Dr Amanda Dusting. Both nominated EDs meet the Heritage Council Criteria and have held Heritage Council permits for work of similar scale and assessed significance. An appropriately qualified and experienced team has also been nominated. A Clearance Certificate would be issued by the Historic Primary Excavation Director (Dr Casey) for each site after investigations are completed at that particular location. Following the archaeological investigation program, a report would be prepared detailing the results of the fieldwork and post-excavation analysis. The report will be prepared in accordance with the requirements of a standard excavation permit. This report is required under CoA E18. The AMS for Pitt Street North is considered generally appropriate to guide the work that is required to comply with the Conditions of Approval for the project. It has included an Unexpected Heritage Finds Procedure. Waterloo The site for the new Waterloo Station is located within the City of Sydney approximately 4km to the south of the Sydney CBD. The site comprises a large area bounded by Botany Road, Raglan, Cope and Buckland Streets. The Congregational Church Including Interior at 103-105 Botany Road is a local heritage item #2069 on the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2012 and is within the project boundary, but will be retained. The report by AMBS has found that ‘contrary to the statement in the AARD that that there was no development within the study area until the 1880s, the historical research undertaken for the AMBS report shows, this site was occupied at least by the 1860s, if not earlier.’ AMBS has assessed that intact remains would be of local significance. For Waterloo the AARD report assessed there was a low-moderate potential for archaeological remains of Local significance to be present. The AMS has completed additional historic research and concluded that there is potential for intact archaeological relics and features which could provide an insight into early settlement of the local area. A higher potential has been confirmed by contamination testing undertaken in November 2017 that exposed evidence of occupation immediately below the concrete floor slabs.

4

The report has considered findings from other comparable archaeological excavations in the surrounding area. Some relevant basic research questions have been proposed and the proposed program would include Testing and monitoring slab and overburden removal followed by open area salvage excavation if intact remains are present. Day to day management would be undertaken by Secondary Excavation Director, Kevin Hickson. The Primary Excavation Director, Jennie Lindbergh, will attend the site on a daily basis to provide advice and to direct excavations where required. This will ensure that significant archaeology is managed in accordance with Heritage Council requirements. A Clearance Certificate would be issued by the Historic Primary Excavation Director (Ms Jennie Lindbergh) for each site after investigations are completed. After the archaeological investigation program, a report would be prepared detailing the results. The AMS for the Waterloo Station site is considered generally appropriate. Consent Conditions E17 – E19 – additional Heritage Division comments It is noted that previous Heritage Council correspondence dated 15 November 2017 raised queries about the relationship between Conditions E17 and E19. Condition E17 refers to the implementation of the Archaeological Assessment Research Design Report (AARD) in the PIR and the updated (new) Archaeological Method Statements (AMS documents) have changed the understanding and predicted archaeology for the various sites. Condition E17 required implementation of the AARD report but also noting that final AMS documents would need to be prepared. The interplay is between an AARD that predicted little or no archaeology and the completed AMS documents which have predicted an increased survival of archaeological ‘relics’ was queried and it was suggested that the TSE contractor, TfNSW and DPE should clarify this issue in relation to the definition and management of an Unexpected Find which would be managed under Condition E19 (Unexpected Finds Procedure). I am advised that this matter has been discussed at the Sydney Metro Heritage Working Group and also on 1 December 2017 at a meeting between DPE and TfNSW for which Minutes were subsequently circulated. I understand that it was agreed that: the existing AARD does not require modification, that the AMS will incorporate the requirements described in E17(a-d) and those set out in the AARD; and that an ARMP (Archaeological Relics Management Plan) would only be required in the event that a Relic is discovered that is both unexpected and of State significance (in accordance with Condition E20). This approach is considered appropriate and consistent with the intent of the Conditions of Approval for the project. If you have any questions arising from this letter, please contact Dr Siobhan Lavelle OAM, Senior Team Leader, Specialist Services at the Heritage Division, Office of Environment and Heritage on telephone (02) 9873 8546 or by email: [email protected]. Yours sincerely

20 December 2017 Tim Smith OAM Director, Heritage Operations Heritage Division Office of Environment & Heritage As Delegate of the Heritage Council of NSW cc. Lisa Mitchell DPE; Jennie Lindbergh AMBS; Mary Casey, C+L; Ron Turner, Sydney Metro


Suite 2.06, Level 2 29-31 Solent Circuit Baulkham Hills NSW 2153 Tel: 61 (02) 9659 5433 e-mail: [email protected] Web: www.hbi.com.au

Leaders in Environmental Consulting

1

HBI Healthy Buildings International Pty Ltd A.C.N. 003 270 693 A.B.N. 39 003 270 693

Mr Stuart Hodgson 24 December 2017 Director Program Sustainability Environment & Planning Sydney Metro Transport for NSW PO Box K659 HAYMARKET NSW 1240 Ref: 170108 WL AMS

Dear Stuart

RE: ER Endorsement of Archaeological Method Statement for Waterloo Station - Sydney Metro City & Southwest Thank you for providing the following document for Environmental Representative (ER) review and endorsement:

Sydney Metro, City & Southwest Archaeological Method Statement for Waterloo Station prepared by AMBS Ecology & Heritage for John Holland CPB Ghella Joint Venture Final November 2017 (Version 2), AMBS Reference: 16314

The document is required by the Condition of Approval E17 of the Sydney Metro City & Southwest project (SSI – 15_7400 January 9 2017). The document has been reviewed by the Heritage Division of the Office of Environment and Heritage who provided a letter dated 20 December noting that “The AMS for Waterloo Station is considered generally appropriate”. On the basis of this letter, and following review of the document, as an approved ER for the Sydney Metro City &Southwest project, I consider the referenced version of the AMS generally meets the requirements of Condition E17 and is endorsed as required by Condition A24(d). Reference is made to Condition E17(d) “provide for a sieving strategy”. It is noted that the AMS indicates that all underfloor areas will be wet sieved, however, details of the approach are not included in the AMS. It is requested TSE Contractor provide details of the strategy for sieving prior to commencement of sieving activities. Yours sincerely

Michael Woolley Environmental Representative – Sydney Metro – City and South West


AMBS Ecology & Heritage

www.ambs.com.au [email protected] 02 9518 4489

MEMO

DATE: 28 December 2017 AMBS Ref: 16314M Condition E17(d)

TO: Robert Muir, Senior Environment Coordinator Sydney Metro JHCPBG JV

FROM: Jennie Lindbergh, AMBS Director Historic Heritage

SUBJECT: Condition E17(d) Barangaroo, Pitt Street North and Waterloo AMSs

The Archaeological Method Statements (AMS) for the Tunnels and Station Excavation Works (TSE) phase of the Sydney Metro & City Southwest project have been prepared to provide methodologies to manage the historical archaeology in accordance Minister’s Condition of Approval (CoA) E17 which refers to the pre-excavation reporting requirements prior to construction:

The Archaeological Assessment Research Design Report (AARD) in the PIR must be implemented. Final Archaeological Method Statements must be prepared in consultation with the Heritage Council of NSW (or its delegate) before commencement of archaeological excavation works. The final methodology must: (a) provide for the detailed analysis of any heritage items discovered during the investigations; (b) include detailed site specific archaeological management and artefact management strategies; (c) include cored soil samples for soil and pollen for the Pitt Street site within the Tank Stream Valley; and (d) provide for a sieving strategy.

Each AMS prepared for the project has responded to the above requirements, but do not include a specific sieving strategy, which is provided here.

Sieving Strategy

Evidence of past activities is provided by artefacts recovered during archaeological excavation, in particular from occupation deposits. Occupation deposits with potential to allow for conclusions to be drawn as to standards of living and access to goods occur beneath floors, within cesspits, rubbish pits, wells or cisterns, and yard deposits. Occupation deposits would be wet or dry sieved, in accordance with the density of the soil matrix and the likely improved retrieval of significant artefacts. Where relevant, sample sieving of deposits will be done to determine whether a deposit warrants sieving and if so, this should be wet or dry sieving. Two recycling wet sieving systems are being constructed by the TSE team to facilitate that wet sieving is environmentally compliant. Each room of each house under investigation and that has underfloor deposit will be gridded into 1m squares. The deposit within each square will be excavated and sieved to ensure that all evidence of material culture is retrieved for analysis, no matter how small. The purpose of this process is to spatially map areas of activity as demonstrated in the material assemblage.

http://www.ambs.com.au/



Similarly, dense deposits from other structures or features such as cesspits and wells or cisterns will also be sieved, if this is deemed to be the best strategy for retrieving all possible artefacts.