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SWOT Analysis

S W O T

What is SWOT Analysis?

• Acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

• Technique is credited to Albert Humphrey who led a research project at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s.

What is SWOT Analysis?• Planning tool used to understand

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Threats involved in a project / business.

SWOT is a summary of your • Strengths • Weaknesses• Opportunities • Threats

Internal

External

• Strengths - Factors that are likely to have a positive effect on

(or be an enabler to) achieving the school’s objectives

• Weaknesses - Factors that are likely to have a negative

effect on (or be a barrier to) achieving the school’s objectives.• Opportunities - External Factors that are likely to have a

positive effect on achieving or exceeding the school’s

objectives, or goals not previously considered

• Threats - External Factors and conditions that are likely to

have a negative effect on achieving the school’s objectives, or

making the objective redundant or un-achievable.

• We will use an example of a teacher working within a first school who want to improve the relationships with parents of his pupils.

The school identified the following objective:• To improve parent-partnership by encouraging

parents to visit the school and become active members of the community.

• Outcome – to have more than 50% of parents spending one day in class per term

• Highly-skilled teachers.• History of successful Open day events• School has a strong ethos of openness,

sharing and commitment to increasing parental confidence

• Parents wanting to get involved• PTA willing to participate

STRENGTHS

• Teachers not available to meet parents often enough• Current open days events not increasing voluntary

activity• Not enough staff time to plan more events• Staff not clear of their role in the parent relationship• Narrow focus on open events not partnership

activities• Curriculum too stretched for additional activity

WEAKNESSES

• Active volunteer committee willing to plan and organize events

• Pupils active in the school’s Pupil Participation Project can be asked for their opinions and suggestions.

• Head Teacher is willing flex curriculum to free up teacher time

• Use parents to contribute to curriculum delivery

OPPORTUNITIES

• Confidentiality is at risk• Pupil coercion to do things they do

not wish to do

THREATS

STRENGTHS• Highly-skilled teachers.• History of successful Open day events• School has a strong ethos of openness,

sharing and commitment to increasing parental confidence

• Parents wanting to get involved• PTA willing to participate

WEAKNESSES• Teachers not available to meet parents

often enough• Current open days events not increasing

voluntary activity• Not enough staff time to plan more

events• Staff not clear of their role in the parent

relationship• Narrow focus on open events not

partnership activities• Curriculum too stretched for additional

activity

OPPORTUNITIES• Active volunteer committee willing to

plan and organize events• Pupils active in the school’s Pupil

Participation Project can be asked for their opinions and suggestions.

• Head Teacher is willing flex curriculum to free up teacher time

• Use parents to contribute to curriculum delivery

THREATS• Confidentiality is at risk• Pupil coercion to do things they do not

wish to do

Streams Analysis

It is an organizational development technique which enables the school team to determine causal relationships of existing problems in the school.Organizations, just like schools, have core areas of operations that could be considered as streams.

The headings in the Data Interpretation Template can be considered as core areas of school operations.

Streams Analysis

Provision of Access• Personnel • Learning Materials and Equipment

• Physical and Ancillary Services

• Others

Quality & Relevance• Learner Performance

• Curriculum Implementation/ Instructional Delivery

• Staff Development

• Others

Management & Administration

• Stakeholders’ Participation

• Instructional Supervision

• Environment• Management and Administration

• OthersPerformance Indicators

Organize problems in streams

Provision of Access

Quality & Relevance

Management & Administration Performance

Indicators

A1 A2 A3 An A1 A2 A3 An A1 A2 A3 An

Steps in Streams Analysis

Identify problems in each of the streams

A problem is a situation which is dissatisfying and falls short of the expectations & objectives of a specific group of people.They should be formulated as existing negative situations and not as an absence of solutions.

Refrain from stating problems as “Lack of…” or “No…” or “Absence of …” or “Inadequate…” or “Insufficient…”

Instead describe the situation which causes the lack of or the absence of something .

In stating a Problem…

Refrain from making judgment statements as they are vague and evaluative in nature.

In stating a Problem…

Refrain from making two or more problems co-exist in a single problem statement.

In stating a Problem…

High absenteeism rate

Heavy rainfall

River overflows

High absenteeism rate due to heavy

rainfall which causes the river

to overflow

Steps in Streams Analysis

Validate problems in each of the streams.Ask group members to present their outputs. Other members may clarify, add, or remove problems initially identified by the group.

Steps in Streams Analysis

Prioritize problems per stream using the Pair-wise method.Pair-wise is simple prioritizing method that puts premium on group consensus and the collective understanding of the members of the team about the problems they face.

Step 1:

Place identified problems per stream in the Pair-wise Matrix.

Problems

1Insufficient classrooms

to accommodate enrollees

2 Dilapidated classrooms

3Problem n

1.Insufficient classrooms to accommodate enrollees2. Dilapidated classrooms

3. Problem n

Step 2: Pair-off intersecting problems.

Problems

1Insufficient classrooms

to accommodate enrollees

2Dilapidated classrooms

3Problem n

1.Insufficient classrooms to accommodate enrollees

1 1

2. Dilapidated classrooms 1 3

3. Problem n 1 3

Step 3: Count frequency and rank each problem.

Problems Frequency

Rank

1.Insufficient classrooms to accommodate enrollees 04 1

2. Dilapidated classrooms 00 33. Problem 02 2

Arrange problems in each stream following the prioritization.

1.Prioritize problems identified per streams using the Pair-wise approach.

2.Arrange problems in each stream according to priority.

Steps in Streams Analysis

Identify cause-and-effect relationship of problems.

Determine which problem drives another problem.

An arrow “directed outward” is drawn from the problem that has caused the other problem.

Provision of Access

Quality & Relevance

Management & Administration Performance

Indicators

A1 A2 A3 An A1 A2 A3 An A1 A2 A3 An

Problem statements with most of the arrows coming in are called "effects" or "symptoms" of the problem environment, while problem statements with most of the arrows going out are called "root causes" of the problem environment.