SRI GANGANAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SEMINAR ON :- SWITCHYARD & EQUIPMENT

PRESENTED BY :- NITISH KUMAR

ROLL NO : 11004EX1330ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEER

Switchyard

CONTENTPRESENTATION OUTLINE SWITCH YARDSWITCHYARD EQUIPMENET

LIGHTNING ARRESTER CURRENT TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER BUSBAR ISOLATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER WAVE TRAP EARTHING SWITCH POWER TRANSFORMER

Presentation outline Understanding basics of switchyard Switchyard equipments and schemesComponent of switchyard: Breakers, Isolators, Earth switch, CT,

CVT, Wave trap etc. Brief Description of modes of transmission

What is a switchyard ?

It is a switching station which has the following credits : Main link between Generating plant and Transmission system, which has large influence on the security of the supply. Step-up and /or Step-down the voltage levels depending upon the Network Node.

Switchyard Equipment Equipments commonly found in switchyard:- 1. Lightening arrestor 2. Current transformer 3. Voltage transformer 4. Bus bar and clamp fittings 5. Isolators 6. Circuit breaker 7. Wave traps 8. Ear thing switch 9. Power transformers 10. Support structure

Lightning Arrestors Safe guards the equipment by discharging the high currents due to lightening. Apparatus to protected : • Overhead lines …….Earth/Ground wires.• HV equipment…..Las.• Substation……Lightning

Masts, earth wires.

Current TransformersCurrent transformers are used

for the instrumentation, Protection or metering of power systems.

Purpose:- - To step-down the high magnitude of current to a safe value to incorporate Measuring and Protection logics.

Voltage TransformerVoltage transformer are required for

the operation of many types of instrumentation and relay protective systems. They measure voltage in conjunction with CT , they measure power.

Purpose : - - To step-down the high magnitude of voltage to safe value to incorporate measuring and protection logics.

Bus bar

Bus bar is a thick strip of copper or aluminum that conducts electricity. Bus bar are used to carry very large currents, or to distribute current to

multiple devices with in switchgear or equipment.

IsolatorIsolator is a Disconnected switch

and to be operated at no load. Isolator switch is used to ensure

that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for service or maintenance.

Interlocked with Breakers and Earth switch's.

Circuit breakerCircuit breaker is an automatically-

operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical Circuit from damage caused by overload of electricity or short circuit .

A circuit breaker function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.

Wave Trap Wave traps are used for

communication purpose during fault conditions.

It trap high frequency communication signals sent on the line from the remote substation and diverting to the telecom/telephone protection panel in the substation control room.

Earthing SwitchEarth switch is used to

discharge the voltage on the circuit to the earth for safety.

Earth switch is mounted on the frame of the isolators.

Earth switch is located for each incomer transmission line and each side of the bus –bar section.

Power Transformer Power transformer is used for

the transmission purpose at heavy load, high voltage greater than 33 KV & 100% efficiency.

Power transformer are used in Transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA.

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