Sustainable Solid Waste Management for the Indian Cities

National Seminar on National Seminar on Developing Harmonious and Sustainable Developing Harmonious and Sustainable

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Developing Harmonious and Sustainable Developing Harmonious and Sustainable Cities in India for a better Urban FutureCities in India for a better Urban Future

(AMDA (AMDA –– UNUN--HABITAT)HABITAT)

Dr. N. B. MazumdarDr. N. B. MazumdarTechnical Advisor Technical Advisor

IL&FS Waste Management and Urban Services Ltd.IL&FS Waste Management and Urban Services Ltd.

Gravity of the situation with respect to Solid Waste Management

�� India has a population of 1027 million (2001 census), India has a population of 1027 million (2001 census), out of which 285 million live in urban areasout of which 285 million live in urban areas

�� Estimated 42 million tons of municipal solid waste Estimated 42 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated annually, i.e., 1.15 lakh tons (MSW) is generated annually, i.e., 1.15 lakh tons dailydaily

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dailydaily�� Average per capita generation is 0.2Average per capita generation is 0.2--0.6 kg per day 0.6 kg per day

but the total generation in larger cities is hugebut the total generation in larger cities is huge�� For example, Delhi and Mumbai, generate more than For example, Delhi and Mumbai, generate more than

6000 and 7000 tons per day respectively6000 and 7000 tons per day respectively�� The urban local bodies have the mandate to provide The urban local bodies have the mandate to provide

the services for proper management of MSWthe services for proper management of MSW

Problems faced by the urban local bodies

�� With rapid increase in population and population With rapid increase in population and population density in the urban areas, the municipalities are in a density in the urban areas, the municipalities are in a very difficult positionvery difficult position

�� Land available for disposal of waste is shrinking fast Land available for disposal of waste is shrinking fast leading to a very challenging situation leading to a very challenging situation

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leading to a very challenging situation leading to a very challenging situation �� Due to changing lifestyle, the waste material is Due to changing lifestyle, the waste material is

becoming more complex (for example, thin plastic becoming more complex (for example, thin plastic film, tetrafilm, tetra--packs, different types of batteries, packs, different types of batteries, chemicals etc.)chemicals etc.)

�� Lack of public cooperation Lack of public cooperation –– lack of proper mindset lack of proper mindset and attitude towards health and hygiene and attitude towards health and hygiene

Growth of squatter settlements and slums

�� Most of our cities are unplanned, especially the Most of our cities are unplanned, especially the old city areasold city areas

�� Rural urban migration as well migration from Rural urban migration as well migration from small towns to larger cities in search of livelihood small towns to larger cities in search of livelihood and employment leads to unplanned habitation and employment leads to unplanned habitation

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and employment leads to unplanned habitation and employment leads to unplanned habitation and growth of squatter settlements and slumsand growth of squatter settlements and slums

�� Such unplanned growth puts a huge demand on Such unplanned growth puts a huge demand on the infrastructure and interferes with planned the infrastructure and interferes with planned growth of a citygrowth of a city

�� Provision of basic services like water supply, Provision of basic services like water supply, sanitation including solid waste management sanitation including solid waste management becomes extremely difficultbecomes extremely difficult

Tools to meet these challenges

Effective tools for meeting these challenges are:Effective tools for meeting these challenges are:�� High level of institutional, managerial and High level of institutional, managerial and

planning capabilityplanning capability�� Financial strength and financial management Financial strength and financial management

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�� Financial strength and financial management Financial strength and financial management capability capability

�� Qualified, trained and skilled manpower in the Qualified, trained and skilled manpower in the relevant disciplinesrelevant disciplines

�� Mutual understanding, confidence and support of Mutual understanding, confidence and support of the communitythe community

Key Challenges

1.1. LandLand2.2. Centralized vs. decentralized facilitiesCentralized vs. decentralized facilities3.3. Use of land unsuitable for other usesUse of land unsuitable for other uses

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4.4. Concept of regional facilitiesConcept of regional facilities5.5. The issue of compost qualityThe issue of compost quality6.6. The standard for sanitary landfillThe standard for sanitary landfill7.7. Old dumpOld dump--sites s ites –– remediation and rehabilitationremediation and rehabilitation8.8. Social issues Social issues –– the plight of waste workers, rag the plight of waste workers, rag

pickers etc.pickers etc.

Key Challenges…… contd.

Some waste materials pose typical problems:Some waste materials pose typical problems:

�� Construction and demolition wasteConstruction and demolition wasteBioBio --medical wastemedical waste

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�� BioBio --medical wastemedical waste�� Industrial / hazardous / toxic waste generated Industrial / hazardous / toxic waste generated

within municipal areawithin municipal area�� ee--waste (electrical and electronic waste) waste (electrical and electronic waste) –– an an

emerging issueemerging issue

Key Challenges…… contd.

�� Guidelines and standards for recycling and use of Guidelines and standards for recycling and use of recycled products are lackingrecycled products are lacking

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�� Conflict about recycling Conflict about recycling –– informal sector, informal sector, occupational hazards and environmental issuesoccupational hazards and environmental issues

Land for processing and disposal- the most important issue

�� Difficult to get land for setting up waste processing Difficult to get land for setting up waste processing and disposal facilities and disposal facilities

�� Even operational sites often attract objection from Even operational sites often attract objection from settlers who have come more recentlysettlers who have come more recently

�� What could be the solution ?What could be the solution ?

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�� What could be the solution ?What could be the solution ?�� Strategy :Strategy :

(a)(a) Land use plan with projection for waste Land use plan with projection for waste management on a long term basismanagement on a long term basis

(b) No development zone of 500 meters (b) No development zone of 500 meters (c) Confidence building with the public(c) Confidence building with the public(d) Save land through resource recovery(d) Save land through resource recovery

Centralized vs. decentralized facilities

The following issues need to be deliberated upon The following issues need to be deliberated upon while making a choice between centralized and while making a choice between centralized and decentralized facilities:decentralized facilities:

�� Planning issues (ULB, communities, activists, Planning issues (ULB, communities, activists,

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Planning issues (ULB, communities, activists, Planning issues (ULB, communities, activists, NGOs etc.)NGOs etc.)

�� Location of facilities vs. distance from the points Location of facilities vs. distance from the points of generation of wasteof generation of waste

�� Ownership of landOwnership of land�� Environment and proximity of habitationEnvironment and proximity of habitation

Concept of Regional Facilities

This would open up enormous possibilities : This would open up enormous possibilities :

-- Scale of economy would be favorable in establishing Scale of economy would be favorable in establishing appropriate facilities appropriate facilities

-- Identification and acquiring of environmentally Identification and acquiring of environmentally suitable land would be easier due to more number suitable land would be easier due to more number

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suitable land would be easier due to more number suitable land would be easier due to more number of choicesof choices

-- However, these benefits are annulled by However, these benefits are annulled by increased distance and transportation costincreased distance and transportation cost

-- This concept is diametrically opposite to the This concept is diametrically opposite to the decentralized planning options and this issue decentralized planning options and this issue needs to be deliberated upon carefully before needs to be deliberated upon carefully before making regional plansmaking regional plans

Resource recovery, recycling

�� Apart from saving land, valuable products like Apart from saving land, valuable products like compost, biogas, heat, electrical power, recycled compost, biogas, heat, electrical power, recycled paper, plastics, glass, metal etc. are obtainedpaper, plastics, glass, metal etc. are obtained

�� For processing bioFor processing bio--degradable matter, composting is degradable matter, composting is one of the most popular systemsone of the most popular systems

�� Composting can be done in different ways :Composting can be done in different ways :

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�� Composting can be done in different ways :Composting can be done in different ways :�� Aerobic windrow compostingAerobic windrow composting�� Anaerobic trench compostingAnaerobic trench composting�� VermiVermi--compostingcomposting�� InIn--vessel aerobic compostingvessel aerobic composting

�� Quality of compost is emerging as one of the most Quality of compost is emerging as one of the most important issueimportant issue

Composting : Quality is a formidable issue

�� In spite of its simplicity and relative cost advantage, In spite of its simplicity and relative cost advantage, composting has remained a challenge during the composting has remained a challenge during the long history of its application in this countrylong history of its application in this country

�� Commercial viability has so far been elusive except Commercial viability has so far been elusive except occasional reports occasional reports

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occasional reports occasional reports �� The MSW rule of 2000 stipulates stringent quality The MSW rule of 2000 stipulates stringent quality

requirement, especially in terms of minimum requirement, especially in terms of minimum concentration of eight metals concentration of eight metals –– As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni and ZnHg, Ni and Zn

�� The FCO of 2006 has put in additional stringency, The FCO of 2006 has put in additional stringency, particularly, organic carbon in compostparticularly, organic carbon in compost

Composting : Quality is a formidable issue……. contd.

�� Source segregation, separate collection and Source segregation, separate collection and transportation and avoidance of subsequent transportation and avoidance of subsequent contamination are important issues which are very contamination are important issues which are very difficult to achieve in practice (contamination from difficult to achieve in practice (contamination from electroelectro--plating industry, health care facilities within plating industry, health care facilities within

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electroelectro--plating industry, health care facilities within plating industry, health care facilities within the municipality, ethe municipality, e--waste etc.) waste etc.)

�� The market has high expectations regarding nutrient The market has high expectations regarding nutrient content toocontent too

�� Lately, the demand for organically grown food is Lately, the demand for organically grown food is increasing across the globe and consequently, the increasing across the globe and consequently, the stringency of quality requirementsstringency of quality requirements

Revival of inoperative compost plants�� City garbage based compost plants are limited in City garbage based compost plants are limited in

number but majority of these are not operating as per number but majority of these are not operating as per designed capacity due to issues of appropriate designed capacity due to issues of appropriate design, quality and pricing of compostdesign, quality and pricing of compost

�� The Government of India had constituted an InterThe Government of India had constituted an Inter--Ministerial Task Force on ‘Integrated Plant Nutrient Ministerial Task Force on ‘Integrated Plant Nutrient Management Using City Compost’ under Supreme Management Using City Compost’ under Supreme Court directiveCourt directive

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Court directiveCourt directive�� This report (2005) had also laid emphasis on revival This report (2005) had also laid emphasis on revival

of inoperative and under capacity plantsof inoperative and under capacity plants�� An actual case is presented here in which the closed An actual case is presented here in which the closed

MCD compost plant at Okhla has been reMCD compost plant at Okhla has been re--engineered engineered and is operated full capacity (sometimes over and is operated full capacity (sometimes over capacity) by IWMUSL (IL&FS Waste Management capacity) by IWMUSL (IL&FS Waste Management and Urban Services Ltd.) and Urban Services Ltd.)

Revival of MCD compost plant at Okhla, New Delhi by IL&FS Waste Management and Urban Services Ltd.

Revival of MCD compost plant at Okhla, New Delhi by IL&FS Waste Management and Urban Services Ltd.

WeighbridgeWeighbridgeWeighbridgeWeighbridge

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Garbage Tipping PlatformGarbage Tipping PlatformGarbage Tipping PlatformGarbage Tipping Platform

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Composted garbage in Monsoon Composted garbage in Monsoon Composted garbage in Monsoon Composted garbage in Monsoon

ShedShedShedShed

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35 mm and 16 mm screening of 35 mm and 16 mm screening of 35 mm and 16 mm screening of 35 mm and 16 mm screening of

compostcompostcompostcompost

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Compost curing for two weeksCompost curing for two weeksCompost curing for two weeksCompost curing for two weeks

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Final disposal : the new rules

�� Traditionally, solid waste has been dumped here in Traditionally, solid waste has been dumped here in the open in an unscientific mannerthe open in an unscientific manner

�� The ‘Municipal solid waste (Management and The ‘Municipal solid waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000’ mandates final disposal in a Handling) Rules, 2000’ mandates final disposal in a properly engineered and constructed sanitary landfill properly engineered and constructed sanitary landfill (SLF), which is a contained system from which (SLF), which is a contained system from which

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(SLF), which is a contained system from which (SLF), which is a contained system from which pollutants can not escapepollutants can not escape

�� It has an impervious bottom layer with arrangement It has an impervious bottom layer with arrangement for leachate collection (which is subsequently treated)for leachate collection (which is subsequently treated)

�� The work face is covered everyday with inert material The work face is covered everyday with inert material followed by capping when the SLF is full. Methane followed by capping when the SLF is full. Methane generated is collected and used but our MSW 2000 generated is collected and used but our MSW 2000 rule stipulates avoidance of biodegradable material in rule stipulates avoidance of biodegradable material in landfill so that methane generation is not expectedlandfill so that methane generation is not expected

Final disposal : the new rules……….. contd.

�� In the last 8 years during implementation of these In the last 8 years during implementation of these rules, there have been observations by practitioners rules, there have been observations by practitioners as well as experts regarding stringency of the as well as experts regarding stringency of the specifications, with respect to the current situation in specifications, with respect to the current situation in the countrythe country

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the countrythe country�� This increases the cost and skillThis increases the cost and skill--set requirement as set requirement as

well as management capabilitywell as management capability�� There is vagueness about provisions for the There is vagueness about provisions for the

containment norms in case there is source containment norms in case there is source segregation and only inert waste goes to the sanitary segregation and only inert waste goes to the sanitary landfilllandfill

Old dumpsites : remediation and rehabilitation

�� We have these dumpWe have these dump--sites everywhere, whether old sites everywhere, whether old or in useor in use

�� These are not only eyeThese are not only eye--sore but environmental time sore but environmental time bombs, which may unleash a host of diseases and bombs, which may unleash a host of diseases and sufferingsuffering

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sufferingsuffering�� These need to be studied in depth to find out lasting These need to be studied in depth to find out lasting

and affordable solutions for different ground and affordable solutions for different ground situations through remediation and rehabilitationsituations through remediation and rehabilitation

�� Huge chunk of usable land could be released for use Huge chunk of usable land could be released for use as landfill and also for other uses after complete as landfill and also for other uses after complete stabilization over a period of timestabilization over a period of time

Construction and demolition debris

�� Inert material in the municipal solid waste has been Inert material in the municipal solid waste has been steadily increasing (30steadily increasing (30--50%), a majority of this is 50%), a majority of this is generated from the demolition and renovation generated from the demolition and renovation activitiesactivities

�� Separate storage, collection and transportation of Separate storage, collection and transportation of

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�� Separate storage, collection and transportation of Separate storage, collection and transportation of such waste needs to be enforced, which can be such waste needs to be enforced, which can be facilitated by appropriate use of these materials, facilitated by appropriate use of these materials, driven by commercial considerationsdriven by commercial considerations

�� This would reduce transportation cost and have a This would reduce transportation cost and have a positive impact on compost quality as well other positive impact on compost quality as well other biological processing such as, as biobiological processing such as, as bio--methanation methanation

Bio-medical Waste

�� BioBio--medical waste is generated in relatively medical waste is generated in relatively smaller quantity in comparison to municipal solid smaller quantity in comparison to municipal solid waste but due to its infectious and toxic nature, it waste but due to its infectious and toxic nature, it is hazardous for healthis hazardous for healthSince it is regulated by a separate rule Since it is regulated by a separate rule –– ‘Bio‘Bio --

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�� Since it is regulated by a separate rule Since it is regulated by a separate rule –– ‘Bio‘Bio --medical Waste (Management and Handling) medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998’, it is perceived to be outside the Rules, 1998’, it is perceived to be outside the domain of municipal jurisdiction leading to domain of municipal jurisdiction leading to confusion and lapsesconfusion and lapses

Special Wastes

�� Different types of waste is generated within the Different types of waste is generated within the municipal area but not covered by the two rules municipal area but not covered by the two rules mentioned above, e.g., health care waste generated mentioned above, e.g., health care waste generated in homes, battery cells, electroin homes, battery cells, electro--plating industries plating industries operating within the town, automobile garages operating within the town, automobile garages

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operating within the town, automobile garages operating within the town, automobile garages without dedicated waste processing and disposal without dedicated waste processing and disposal system etc.system etc.

�� ee--waste is a fast emerging issue which remains to be waste is a fast emerging issue which remains to be addressed properlyaddressed properly

�� It is high time, buy back and similar systems are It is high time, buy back and similar systems are deliberated upon and put in place deliberated upon and put in place

The eternal conflict about resources

�� From whatever channel the resources come, it is From whatever channel the resources come, it is ultimately the Tax Payer’s money including ultimately the Tax Payer’s money including property tax, service charge etc.)property tax, service charge etc.)

�� The important point is how best the resources The important point is how best the resources are utilized and a framework of longare utilized and a framework of long --term term

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are utilized and a framework of longare utilized and a framework of long --term term sustainability is worked outsustainability is worked out

�� One perception tends to believe that PPP is the One perception tends to believe that PPP is the panacea but actually, it is extremely difficult to panacea but actually, it is extremely difficult to make waste management into a profitable make waste management into a profitable venture on a standventure on a stand--alone basis based on alone basis based on revenue accrual from sale of goods and servicesrevenue accrual from sale of goods and services

Resources for solid waste management

Broadly there are two requirements : capital Broadly there are two requirements : capital investment and O&Minvestment and O&M

Capital Investment :Capital Investment :�� Internal Resources (municipal taxes)Internal Resources (municipal taxes)�� Government grantsGovernment grants�� Debt (loan) from FIs, biDebt (loan) from FIs, bi--lateral and multilateral lateral and multilateral

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�� Debt (loan) from FIs, biDebt (loan) from FIs, bi--lateral and multilateral lateral and multilateral agencies agencies

�� BOT modeBOT modeOperation and Maintenance :Operation and Maintenance :�� Part of the revenue accrual from taxesPart of the revenue accrual from taxes�� Service chargesService charges�� Carbon credits (CER)Carbon credits (CER)

Mobilizing resources

Issues in mobilizing resources :Issues in mobilizing resources :

�� How to mobilize resources to finance solid waste How to mobilize resources to finance solid waste management and other urban servicesmanagement and other urban servicesHow to improve the financial management of How to improve the financial management of

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�� How to improve the financial management of How to improve the financial management of these resourcesthese resources

�� How to organize capacity building of the How to organize capacity building of the municipal institutions to promote greater municipal institutions to promote greater efficiency and responsiveness in urban service efficiency and responsiveness in urban service deliverydelivery

Resource Generation Opportunities – different Options

Broadly there are three options :Broadly there are three options :

1. Resource recovery based 1. Resource recovery based

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1. Resource recovery based 1. Resource recovery based (revenue accrual)(revenue accrual)

2. Fee based2. Fee based3. Carbon Credit (CER)3. Carbon Credit (CER)

Resource Recovery Based (Revenue Accrual)

�� Revenue generation from sale of products, e.g., Revenue generation from sale of products, e.g., compost / vermicompost / vermi--compostcompost

�� Revenue from sale of power generated from Revenue from sale of power generated from municipal solid waste using one of the available municipal solid waste using one of the available technologiestechnologies

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technologiestechnologies�� Revenue from extraction and use of landfill gas (not Revenue from extraction and use of landfill gas (not

for new SLF according to MSW 2000)for new SLF according to MSW 2000)�� Revenue from recycling of paper, plastics, glass, Revenue from recycling of paper, plastics, glass,

metal etc.metal etc.�� Revenue from sorted and graded construction debrisRevenue from sorted and graded construction debris�� Revenue from Carbon TradingRevenue from Carbon Trading

Fee Based Business Opportunities

Tipping fee is important for certain activities:Tipping fee is important for certain activities:

�� Collection and transportation of waste from the Collection and transportation of waste from the points of generation / intermediate points to the points of generation / intermediate points to the

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points of generation / intermediate points to the points of generation / intermediate points to the desired destinationdesired destination

�� Street sweeping and cleaningStreet sweeping and cleaning�� Operation of sanitary landfills (revenue from sale Operation of sanitary landfills (revenue from sale

of landfill gas / power is not sufficient for landfill of landfill gas / power is not sufficient for landfill operation)operation)

Carbon Credit

There is possibility of getting carbon credits for projects involving solid waste management, where there is mitigation of methane emission. This is to be done through International trading of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) and there may be

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Emission Reduction (CER) and there may be scope for Sanitary Landfill with harnessing and use of landfill gas containing methane (not applicable in India for SLF but applicable for remediation of old dump-sites where methane is expected), waste to energy, composting etc.

Sustainability is essential for safeguarding Investment

�� The 3 sources mentioned above are not sufficient The 3 sources mentioned above are not sufficient as stand alone and must be combined judiciously as stand alone and must be combined judiciously for sustainability for sustainability

�� It must be appreciated that waste management It must be appreciated that waste management related projects and activities have tremendous related projects and activities have tremendous environmental and social impacts but these may environmental and social impacts but these may

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related projects and activities have tremendous related projects and activities have tremendous environmental and social impacts but these may environmental and social impacts but these may not appear to be lucrative when compared to not appear to be lucrative when compared to many other businessesmany other businesses

�� The Local and the State Governments must The Local and the State Governments must appreciate these social and environmental appreciate these social and environmental factors, indirect benefits such as increase in factors, indirect benefits such as increase in tourist and business potential, concomitant tourist and business potential, concomitant increase in property value etc.increase in property value etc.

Ways to consolidate Business Opportunities in Waste Management

�� Comprehensive planning for the whole issue of Comprehensive planning for the whole issue of municipal and biomunicipal and bio--medical waste management, which medical waste management, which should be appropriate for the ground situationshould be appropriate for the ground situation

�� The issue of decentralization should be clearly The issue of decentralization should be clearly deliberated upon so that there is no confusion while deliberated upon so that there is no confusion while

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deliberated upon so that there is no confusion while deliberated upon so that there is no confusion while planning for the entire town or cityplanning for the entire town or city

�� Installation of Integrated Common Facilities instead Installation of Integrated Common Facilities instead of separate facilities at different sites of separate facilities at different sites

�� Continuous IEC in the form of training (municipal and Continuous IEC in the form of training (municipal and private sector staff) and awareness generation for the private sector staff) and awareness generation for the publicpublic

Social Issues

�� The plight of waste workers and rag pickersThe plight of waste workers and rag pickers�� All efforts should be made to change the situation All efforts should be made to change the situation

in which the poor are forced to work with waste in which the poor are forced to work with waste

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in which the poor are forced to work with waste in which the poor are forced to work with waste under compulsion and not by choiceunder compulsion and not by choice

�� Construction workers and domestic helpConstruction workers and domestic help

The plight of waste workers and rag-pickers

�� Higher salary should be considered in view of the Higher salary should be considered in view of the difficult and dirty situation in which they have to difficult and dirty situation in which they have to work work

�� Medical checkMedical check--up at regular intervals should be up at regular intervals should be provided provided

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provided provided �� Health insurance would help them considerablyHealth insurance would help them considerably�� Awareness regarding health and hygiene is Awareness regarding health and hygiene is

essential for these peopleessential for these people�� They may be organized into SHGs to provide the They may be organized into SHGs to provide the

same services in a more dignified and same services in a more dignified and commercial mannercommercial manner

Construction workers and domestic workers

�� The builders should provide temporary shelter The builders should provide temporary shelter and sanitation facilities to the migrant labour and sanitation facilities to the migrant labour employed by them (and their family)employed by them (and their family)

�� It is a pity that people who toil hard to build our It is a pity that people who toil hard to build our

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�� It is a pity that people who toil hard to build our It is a pity that people who toil hard to build our houses, have to live in inhuman conditionshouses, have to live in inhuman conditions

�� Similarly all housing societies should endeavour Similarly all housing societies should endeavour to make provision for shelter and sanitation to make provision for shelter and sanitation facility for domestic workersfacility for domestic workers

�� These steps would help in checking the growth of These steps would help in checking the growth of squatter settlements and slums to some extent squatter settlements and slums to some extent

Conclusion : can there be a definite road map ?

�� Apparently there are conflicts in the whole Apparently there are conflicts in the whole scenario of waste managementscenario of waste management

�� It is possible, however, to deliberate upon these It is possible, however, to deliberate upon these issues, resolve the conflicts and find viable and issues, resolve the conflicts and find viable and

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issues, resolve the conflicts and find viable and issues, resolve the conflicts and find viable and sustainable solutions by using the tools of sustainable solutions by using the tools of meticulous planning (preferably participatory meticulous planning (preferably participatory planning), appropriate technology and planning), appropriate technology and managementmanagement

�� Sustained IEC should be applied as the fly wheel Sustained IEC should be applied as the fly wheel to scale any barriers or conflictsto scale any barriers or conflicts

The eternal conflict about resources………… contd.

�� The challenge is to combine with associated The challenge is to combine with associated activities in innovative ways activities in innovative ways –– from resource from resource recovery to carbon creditsrecovery to carbon credits

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recovery to carbon creditsrecovery to carbon credits�� Here again the tools for optimization are Here again the tools for optimization are ––

meticulous and comprehensive planning, meticulous and comprehensive planning, appropriate technology and management with a appropriate technology and management with a visionvision

Thank YouThank You

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Thank YouThank You