Sustainable Manufacturing- Trends in Japan -

Masaru NakanoKeio University, Japan

@MalaysiaDecember, 2010

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■ Sustainable Manufacturing

■ History of Eco-Manufacturing in Japan

■ Japan Technology Roadmap

■ New Trend: Socio-Technical Approach

Contents

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Sustainable Manufacturing

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„ The world has enough for everyone‘s needs, but not enough for everyone’s greed.“ Mahatma Gandhi

„Corporate Social Responsibility is for us a catalyst for growth and innovation“ Mark Parker, CEO Nike

„Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs“. (Brundtland Report, Work Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, Oxford, 1987.)

Sustainability

„ Dinosaur vs. Cockroach“

„Sustainability is the concept of robust future development in the ecological, economic and social dimension of human existence. (closing report of the Enquete-Kommission, German Parliament, 13/11200, Berlin, 1998.)

Sustainable Manufacturing

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■ Mission/AimManufacturing for sustainable society

Sustainability of manufacturing industry

■ View/Approach<Space-wise> - Global supply network

<Time-wise> - Preventing Disruption or Hard landing- Goal targeting and backward system design

<LC-oriented >- LCA- 3R

・Eco-manufacturing・Green supply chain

History of Eco-Manufacturingin Japan

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Past Challenges for Pollution (JPN)

■JPN:1960s : Diseases due to Pollution- Mercury accumulated in fish from a fertilizer plant- Cadmium in drainage from a mine, - Sulfurous acid gas in air from a chemical plant

■JPN:1967-1973: Regulation Laws- Air- Water- Waste- Chemical

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Oil CrisesFirst Crisis 1973: the fourth middle-east warSecond Crisis 1978: Iranian revolution

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Prices of imported crude oil in Japan

CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)

Yen/l

Year

Energy Productivity

Source: IEA Energy Balance 2008

Primary energy consumption per unit of GDP of countries

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3R

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■Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

■Limited space for landfill

■Disassembly and 100% recycle

‐Goal: no landfill, material recycle

‐High cost, product design

■Recycle laws for electric appliances and cars

■Recycling cost

JPN: consumer, EU: producer

Green House Gas

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Policy■Top runner mechanism

■Trial for carbon foot print

■Tax reduction law for automobiles

■Eco-point for electric appliances

Challenge in Technology Transfer

Eco-manufacturing technology in Japan may be

- too specific to Japanese regulations and customs,

- too expensive to apply in east-Asia countries.

R&D Collaboration for new energy-efficient

technology easily adaptable to East Asia countries.

Technology Roadmap for Sustainable

Manufacturing in Japan

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Strategic Technology Map in Japan

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■Technological Strategic Map (by METI)- Technology Introduction Scenario- Technology Map- Technology Roadmap

■Future2025 and 2050

■Reports2006-http://www.nedo.go.jp/roadmap/index.htm

Key Technology

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Technologies Chosen as important

13 (2007) → 3(2008)- Evaluation of sustainable society

⇒ Socio-technical approach

- High efficient production with variable

products and flexible volume

- Manufacturing systems integrating supply and

reverse chains

New Trend:Socio-technical Approach

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Gasoline Engine Vehicle(GEV)

Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV)

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle(PHEV)

Electric Vehicle(EV)

Diesel Engine Vehicle(DEV)

Bio-Diesel Vehicle(BDV)

Fuel Cell Vehicle(FCV)

Clean Energy Vehicles

18Reference: http://cocn.jp/common/pdf/FM_watanabe_1.pdf

Future City with CEVs

Socio-Technical Aspects for CEVs

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■Constraints in energy- Energy tax- Energy security

■Constraints in material- Base metal, rare metal- Substitution, efficiency, recycling

■Constraints in environment- Reduce CO2, NOx- Carbon tax- Energy balance

■Constraints in aging- Compact city- Robotic vehicle

■ Unclear definition of sustainable manufacturing.

■ Much effort for eco-manufacturing in Japan.

■ Technology roadmap for sustainable manufacturing.

■A future trend is socio-technical approach.

Summary

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Thank you for your attention!

Brief CV

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■ March, 1980： graduated Kyoto University, Department of Engineering. Bs and MSc.Major in operations research.

■ April, 1980 – March, 2008： Worked for Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc. Robotics, Manufacturing system, CE, SCM, Marketing, BPRDr-Eng. from Nagoya Institute of Technology in 1997.

■April, 2008: Moved to Keio University, Graduate School of SDM as a professor.Focus on sustainable manufacturing, energy security, green supply chain and urban infrastructure for aging countries.

■ International collaboration under IMS program.