sustainable energy for all.ihf.ppt

8/22/2019 Sustainable Energy for All.ihf.ppt

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Dr. Izharul Haq FarooqiAssociate Professor

Department of Civil EngineeringA.M.U., Aligarh


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The goals of

Sustainable Energy for All

1. Achievement of the universal access to modernenergy services.

2. Doubling of the rate of energy efficiency.

3. Doubling of the rate of renewables use in worldenergy indicator


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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000

GDP per capita (PPP, $1995)

Prim

aryEnergypercapita(GJ)

Source: UN and DOE EIA

Energy use grows with economic

development

US

Australia

Russia

BrazilChina

India

S. Korea

Mexico

Ireland

Greece

France

UK Japan

Malaysia

energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2002)

Steven Koonin


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energy demandgrowth projections

Source: IEA World Energy

Outlook 2004

Notes: 1. OECD refers to North America, W. Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia and NZ

2. Transition Economies refers to FSU and Eastern European nations

3. Developing Countries is all other nations including China, India etc.

Global Energy Demand Growth by Region (1971-2030)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

1971 2002 2010 2020 2030

OECD Transition Economies Developing Countries

EnergyDemand

(Mtoe)

Global energy demand is set to grow by over 60% over the next 30 years 74% of

the growth is anticipated to be from non-OECD countries


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Saudi Arabia 26%

Iraq 11%

Kuwait 10%

Iran 9%UAE 8%

Venezuela 6%

Russia 5%

Mexico 3%

Libya 3%

China 3%

Nigeria 2%

U.S. 2%

U.S. 26%

Japan 7%

China 6%

Germany 4%Russia 3%

S. Korea 3%

France 3%

Italy 3%

Mexico 3%

Brazil 3%

Canada 3%

India 3%

Nations that HAVE oil Nations that NEED oil

(% of Global Reserves) (% of Global Consumption)

Source: EIA International Energy Annual

The Oil Problem


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Are we running out of oil?We are certainly running out of cheap oil.Productivity of easily accessible oil reserves are is waning.

Hence the assessment that the peak in supply has already

occurred.If worldwide demand for oil continues to grow, the price of oil

will continue to increase. As the price increases, large more

expensive and energy intensive unconventional reserves

become economically viable if consumers are willing to pay

that price. Even so, this simply postpones the inevitable

depletion of oil resources, and exacerbates greenhouse

emissions.


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What About Ethanol?

Ethanol takes more energy to make it than it delivers Ethanol has lower energy content than gasoline so it is a poor

fuel choice - 77,000 vs 116,300 btu/gal

Ethanol costs much more per mile than gasoline

Engines require redesign/modification to burn ethanol

Ethanol production and distribution cannot be increased rapidly Most ethanol currently being produced is from corn which is

unsustainable without seriously degrading the food supply.Diversion of food crops to bio-fuel already is the primary cause ofincreased food shortages and dramatically higher food prices

Growing bio-fuel feedstock depletes nations fertile soils.


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Projected World Energy Supplies

19001900 19201920 19401940 19601960 19801980 20002000 20202020 20402040 20602060 20802080 30003000

2020

4040

6060

8080

100100100 BILLION

BARRELS

Billion

Barrelsof OilEquivalent

per Year(GBOE)

Billion

Barrelsof OilEquivalent

per Year(GBOE) Natural

GasNatural

Gas

HydroelectricHydroelectric

Crude OilCrude Oil

Solar, WindGeothermal

Nuclear Electric

1993

CoalCoal

Dec

reasing

FossilFuels

New

Technologies

World Energy Demand

after Edwards,

AAPG 8/97


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Tapping the Energy Potential of

Municipal Waste Water TreatmentAnaerobic Digestion and Combined Heat and Power at

WWTPs

Wastewater contains10 times more energy than isneeded to treat it, according to the WaterEnvironment Research Foundation

Food waste produces 3 x more methane than WWsolids

Organic Waste is an abundant and underutilizedenergy source


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Introduction


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Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic digestion (AD)

Organic Matter + H2O + Bacteria

CH4 + CO2 + NH3 + H2S

Traditionally

Single substrate and single purpose

Manure digested to produce energy

Sewage sludge should be stabilized

Recently Co-digestion of two or more substrate and multi-purpose


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Co-digestion

Source of organic waste streams can be co-digestedwith manure Food Industry

Waste from potato, sugar beet, meat, and dairy processing

Grain Industry Damaged grain

Paper Industry Newspaper and recycled paper

Domestic Wastes

Livestock Wastes Crop Residues

Corn stover and switchgrass
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/Jpegs/10470.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html%3Fprint&h=400&w=500&sz=79&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=3IIj6Nc2-qHT_M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcorn%2Bstover%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.branstonefarm.com/images/dung_heap.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.branstonefarm.com/pollution_control.htm&h=270&w=367&sz=31&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=15NIjsjX9y2h5M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Danimal%2Bwaste%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unit5.org/kjhs/imc/images/newspaper.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.unit5.org/kjhs/imc/primary_resources.htm&h=1536&w=2048&sz=538&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=rCeWXqKb9OhtCM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnewspaper%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN


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Solid Waste Management and

Disposal


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sustainable energy for all.ihf.ppt

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