sustainable energy
DESCRIPTION
Jim Skea Research Director UK Energy Research Centre North-East Forum on Climate Change Workshop Northumbria University 8 October 2008. Sustainable Energy. 1000 Years of CO 2 and Global Warming. CO 2 Concentrations. Temperature (Northern Hemisphere). Today’s CO 2 Concentration. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jim Skea
Research DirectorUK Energy Research Centre
North-East Forum on Climate Change Workshop
Northumbria University
8 October 2008
Sustainable Energy
![Page 2: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Temperature (Northern Hemisphere) CO2 Concentrations
1000 Years of CO2 and Global Warming
![Page 3: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000Age (yr BP)
300
500
400
600
180
200
220
240
260
280
Temp. in F°
CO
2 Concentration
After 45 More Years of current energy use patterns
Today’s CO2 Concentration
CO
2 [pp
mv]
![Page 4: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Projected Impacts of Climate Change
Source: Stern Review
![Page 5: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Illustrative emissions paths to stabilise at 550ppm CO2
Source: Meinshausen (2006)
![Page 6: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
UK carbon policy framework
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
HISTORIC DATA
CURRENT POLICY
POLICY TO BE DETERMINED
![Page 7: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) will advise government on how the UK can meet its emissions reductions goals
Advise on 15 years of carbon budgets
Advise on use of trading & credits
Advise on 2010 target’s feasibility
2008-2012
2013-2017
2018-2022
By 1 December 2008……taking into account a range of factors… …the Committee needs to find
the optimal emissions reduction pathway to 2050
• Scientific knowledge
• Technology
• Economic circumstances
• Fiscal circumstances
• Social circumstances
• Energy policy
• International circumstances
CO2
1990 2050
60%?
Review of the 2050 60% reduction target
![Page 8: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Generic options for reducing CO2
efficiency
renewables
nuclear
fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage
![Page 9: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Energy Efficiency
vast range of technical approaches… buildings (residential and commercial) appliances cars aircraft ships industrial processes
in many areas, the challenge is encouraging the uptake of existing technology, not so much developing new technologies
but new technology has promise - especially in surface transport
the “rebound effect” – tendency to use growing income on energy intensive things at the margin (gadgets, flights)
![Page 10: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nuclear power
different perceptions in different countries operating performance and construction record has
improved in last decade……. especially in Far East
push in several countries to speed up planning and regulatory approval
progress on radioactive waste a price for carbon helps nuclear economics and finance critical not just cost but risk – nuclear is a riskier investment
than gas in a liberalised market
![Page 11: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Carbon capture and storage
Peterhead power station, Scotland
Source: BP
![Page 12: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
UK carbon capture and storage competition
Post-combustion technology (retrofittable) Full chain: capture, transportation, storage 90% capture on 300-400 MW capacity Demonstration plant in place by 2014 Commercial deployment by 2020? Four pre-qualified bidders
BP Alternative Energy International E.ON UK/Arup/EPRI/Fluor/MHI/Penspen/Tullow Oil Peel Power/Dong Energ/Senergy Alternative
Energy/Atkins-Boreas/Mott MacDonald Scottish Power Generation/Marathon Oil/Aker Clean
Carbon/Aker Solutions
![Page 13: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Renewables
![Page 14: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Growth of renewable electricity in Europe
Source: International Energy Agency
![Page 15: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Potential scenario to reach 15% renewable energy by 2020 in UK
![Page 16: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
But new sources of hydrocarbons….
![Page 17: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The lifestyle issue….
![Page 19: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Emission Reduction Options: BLUE Map Scenario
Source: International Energy Agency
![Page 21: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Marginal Abatement Cost Curve for CO2 Reduction
Source: International Energy Agency
![Page 22: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Recent trends in UK energy R&D spend
Source: International Energy Agency
![Page 23: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Funding for UK Energy R&D is Rising
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
$M (
2005
pri
ces
and
exch
ange
rat
es)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
(bu
dget
ed)
2007
(pl
anne
d)
2008
(pl
anne
d)
Source: IEA (2000-2005)
![Page 24: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Recent trends in UK renewable energy R&D
![Page 25: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
UK Energy RDD&D support
![Page 26: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Research Councils Energy Programme
~£90m pa
UKERC
SUPERGEN (Sustainable Power Generation) initiative
Towards a Sustainable Energy Economy (TSEC) Programme
Carbon Vision Programme (mainly buildings)
Fusion Programme
Research Training and Capacity Building
![Page 27: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SUPERGEN
RENEWABLES Marine Energy Wind energy Photovoltaic materials Excitonic solar cells Biomass, biofuels and energy crops
HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS Hydrogen energy Fuel cells Biofuel cells
NETWORKS Future network technologies Highly distributed power systems Energy infrastructure
OTHER Energy storage Conventional power plant lifetime extension
![Page 28: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Towards a Sustainable Energy Programme
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY CONSORTIA BIOSYS (bio-energy systems) Carbon Capture and Storage
NUCLEAR Keeping the nuclear option open (KNOO) Sustainable nuclear
SOCIAL SCIENCE GROUPS RESOLVE - Research on lifestyles, values and energy
consumption (Surrey) Electricity Policy Research Group (Cambridge) Transitions to a sustainable energy economy (SPRU,
Sussex)
![Page 29: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1. Extending the Resource Base - reducing environmental footprint of fossil fuel and mineral use and identifying novel fuel sources;
2. Meeting the Renewables Challenge - optimising environmental gains from extraction of energy from renewable sources;
3. Water-Soil Life Support System - integrated approaches to sustain and improve water and soil quality;
4. Valuing Environmental Services - innovative methods to achieve parity for environmental services alongside economic indicators
NERC Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Theme: Four challenges
![Page 30: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1. Predicting the environmental outcomes of natural resource use for renewable and non-renewables energy using a systems approach
2. Developing an integrated water-soil life support system
3. Bringing environmental valuation into mainstream thinking
NERC Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Theme: Three priority areas
![Page 31: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What Is UKERC?
The UK Energy Research Centre is the focal point for UK research on sustainable energy. It takes an independent, whole-system approach, drawing on
engineering economics physical environmental social sciences.
Phase I: 2004-2009Phase II: 2009-2014
![Page 32: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
AdvisoryBoard
SupervisoryBoard
Demand Reduction
EnergyInfrastructureand Supply
Future SourcesOf Energy
Energy SystemsAnd Modelling
Environmental Sustainability
Materials forAdvanced Energy
Systems
Technology Policy and
Assessment
TheMeeting Place
Research Atlas
UKERC Structure: Phase 1 2004-2009
John Loughhead, executive director
Professor Jim Skea, research director
National EnergyResearch Network
Research themes
Fun
ction
s
![Page 33: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Advisory Board
Graeme Sweeney, CEO, Shell Renewables
Philip Sellwood, chief executive
Chris Anastasi, senior environmental advisor
Diane Urge-Vorsatz, director, PhD programme, Central European University
Arnulf Grubler, snr research scholar, Int’l Inst for Applied Systems Analysis
Philip Wolf, chief executive, Renewable Energy Assoc
Doug Parr, chief scientist
Duncan Botting, VP
Nick Hartley, senior advisor
Tom Delay, CEO, Carbon Trust
John Scott, technical director
Peter Waller, head of energy industries and technologies
Anthony White, director
Mike Hulme, executive director
Allan Asher, CEO
Prof Jane Summerton, Linkoping University
Henry Derwent, director
Richard Bellingham, head of energy policy
Fiona Harvey, environmental correspondent
Hanns-Joachim Neef, Juelich Research Centre
![Page 34: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ResearchSupervisory
Board
DirectorateAdvisoryBoard
ResearchCommittee
Research coordinationand integration
CapacityBuilding
KnowledgeExchange
Energydemand
Energy andEnvironment
Energysupply
Energysystems
TPA
![Page 35: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Research Challenges for Sustainable Energy
de-carbonisation of electricity renewables carbon capture and storage
built environment existing buildings new build vehicle efficiency spatial planning and transport
transport sector improved efficiency biofuels new vectors – hybridisation, electric, hydrogen changing patterns of transport behaviour
![Page 36: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Research Challenges for this Workshop
1. reducing the carbon footprint of existing housing
2. low-zero carbon new build in the housing and commercial sectors
3. building sustainability into new development through spatial planning, transport requirements
4. the role of renewables (solar thermal, heat pumps, bio-energy, PV) at the household and community level
5. engaging the public in climate change action
6. the respective roles of utilities, local authorities and housing associations
![Page 37: Sustainable Energy](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102910/56814319550346895daf7332/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
UK Energy Research Centre
www.ukerc.ac.uk