sustainable city design: developing conceptual planning proposal for eastern fringe of dhaka city
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Conceptual Planning Proposal for Eastern Fringe
Conceptual Planning Proposal for Eastern Fringe
Nushrat Jahan, Research Assistant, Climate Change Study Cell, BUETDepartment of Development Studies, University of Dhaka
[email protected] Islam, Shahadat Hossain Shakil,
Mohammed Hamidul Hasan Nabin, Afia Sultana Shanta, Arif Hasan,Prof. Dr. Ishrat Islam and Prof. Dr. Shakil Akhter
(DURP, BUET)
Eastern Fringe
Eastern part of fringe area of Dhaka
Bounded by Tongi Khal at North, Balu river
at East, Demra road at South, and Pragati
Sharani at West
Basically a low lying area, According to
FAP-8A 12% of the eastern fringe should be
reserved as retention pond (JICA, 1992)
Still under developed
Developments projects by various private
land developers
Population after projected time period
2020 will be around 2.6 million
Location:Beraid
Location: ShatarkulLocation: Herbaid
StrengthFree from development
Sufficient amount of water
retention area and water bodies
Natural beauty
Extensive canal network
SWOT Analysis
WeaknessLow lying area
Vast area is flooded annually
Large amount of earthwork (e.g.;
Landfill) is needed for new
development
OpportunityPlace for new development
Retention pond is can be used
for recreation
Capability to provide housing for
2.65 million people
ThreatFor new development the
navigability of the existing river and
the canal network may be interrupted
Unplanned development by the
private land developers
Encroachment of canals
Under the earthquake threat
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
Objectives
Planning a sustainable city environment for eastern fringe for
projected population (2.6 million) of 2020
Conservation of retention pond areas.
Land Use Planning Process
Following plan making process was followed to prepare land use design for
each type of land use.
deriving spatial requirement for specific land use sector
Mapping suitability of land for particular use
Estimate space requirements for land use
Analyze carrying capacity of suitable land supply
Design land use pattern (Lynch, 1995)
Site Selection
Reconnaissance Survey
Formulation of Objectives
Population Projection
Formulating Planning Philosophy
Design Process
Policy Recommendation
Methodology
Preparation of plan
Road Network Design
Land Use Fixation
Zone Subdivision
Classification of Income Group
Detailed Neighborhood
Final Layout Preparation
Planning PhilosophyPreservation of retention areas and
existing water bodies
--15% of total area (4478 acre)
Major land use – Residential (for all
income groups)
Maximum Open Space towards the
eastern side ( City within a garden like
Putrajaya).
Urban Kitchen (CAI et al, 2011).
Transportation – Public Transit Based
Poly Centric Satellite Town following
Draft Delhi Master Plan, 2021
Facilities to serve the city as a whole
4 Zones – Northern, Middle 1,
Middle 2, & Southern
One Major CBD & three Zonal CBDs
Major CBD – around 600 acre
Zonal CBDs are 1.5% of their
respective zones
Zonal facilities placed around the CBDs
Administrative & Cultural Centers
are placed in Major CBD
Facilities like Hotel, Hospital, University,
Shopping Mall are provided
Zone wise Distribution
Residential Land Use 4 types of neighborhoods for different income groups in each zone
Considering ----
Neighborhood center ---
Some facilities that require larger population like Colleges, Health Complexes
are grouped for a cluster of 4 neighborhoods
Income Group Total Population Total No. of Neighborhoods
Total No. of Buildings per Neighborhood
Lower 2, 95,355 (11.1%) 28 54
Lower middle 13,03,554 (48.99%) 147 74
Middle 7,87,348 (29.59%) 70 95
High income 2,71,940 (10.22%) 28 58
Total 2660858 273 20664
Maximum walking distance to school
Minimum Roads
Maximum Open Space
Neighborhood facilities provided within walking distance
Safety and vigilance ensured
Income
Group
Total Populati
on
No. of Househo
ld
Flat Size No. of
Storey
No. of Dwelling Unit
per Floor
Required no.
of Buildin
g
Plot Size
(katha)
Required Area(acre)
Lower 2, 95,355 (11.1%) 59071
200sq.ft (communal
kitchen, toilet)5 8 1477 5 122.1
Lower middl
e
13,03,554
(48.99%)2,60,710 (500,600,
700)sq. ft5 6 8691 9 1292.9
Middle
7,87,348(29.59%) 1,57,470 (800,1000,1200,1
500)sq. ft
6 4 6562 11 976.2
High incom
e
2,71,940(10.22%)
54,388 (1600,2000,2500 ,3000)sq. ft
10 4 1511 21.5 604.4
Total 2658197 531639 20413 2995.6
Calculation of Space and facility for residential land use
Affordable housing through relatively higher density , Density falls as
affordability increases
Low and lower income neighbourhoods are placed adjacently and these are
mostly placed near Badda and Tongi to ensure easy accessibility to workplace
Priority to pedestrian movement, for zero car occupancy rate (except high
income neighbourhood)
Scope for both Active and Passive recreation
Residential Land Use (cont.)
Roads & Transportation Policy Major arterial connected with
proposed Purbachal Road at North and
Dhaka-Demra Road at South
Uninterrupted traffic flow
Major Traffic mode - BRT
Road Hierarchy maintained
Roads aligned along the canals
Type of Roads Width (feet)Major Arterial 100
Major Distributor 60Minor Distributor 40Access Roads 20 & 25
Open Space and Recreational Facilities Neighborhood Parks to serve the local need
Linear Parks to protect canals from encroachment
Metro park adjacent to Major CBD and Pragati Sharani
Zoo is located in a natural setting with canal network
Regional park near Retention Ponds
Play lot and Play Ground for active recreation
Recreational Facility Area(Acre)
Play lot and Play Ground Minimum 1.78 (per neighborhood)
Metro Scale
Linear Park 747
Zoo 550
Metro park 643
Regional Scale Regional Park 2240
Agricultural Land use and Land for Future ExpansionAgricultural Land
Total area of 3067 acre (60 times of existing area)
To fulfill daily demand of fresh vegetable and food grain
Located near the housing of low and lower middle income group and in the conservation area
Land for Future Expansion
Total area of 4059.17 acre
To serve the future demand of developable land
Land kept for future expansion of CBD
Some part of Agricultural land might be used for future expansion
Location: Harbaid
Location: Bagarpur
University, Light Industrial Zone & Waste Management PlantUniversity
Total area of 400 acre
Location in close proximity to Pragati Sharani to avoid congestion and
near metro park
Light Industrial Zone
Located at the north, near to Tongi industrial zone on high land
Total area of 338 acre with plantation buffer
Waste Management Plant
Total area of 350 acre including a buffer of plantation
Location in close proximity to major roads
Segregation of waste and production of organic compost fertilizer
Overall Land Use Distribution
Residential --10483.23 (36%) -- Major Land Use
Administrative & Commercial -- 1286.5 (4%) -- To Create
Employment
Light Industry & WMP -- 538 (2%) -- Provided at Metro Scale
Agricultural -- 3067 (10%) -- To Serve the Whole City
Educational – 400 (1%) -- Provided at Regional Scale
Water Bodies & Retention Area – 4478 (15%) -- To Conserve
the environment
Recreational Purpose -- 4855 (17%) -- To Serve the Town & City
Arterial & Distributor Road --364.1 (1%) -- To Ensure Easy
Accessibility
Area for future Expansion -- 4059.17 (14%) -- For future
Development
ReferencesBBS, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2005). Statistical Year Book 2005. Government of
Peoples Republic of Bangladesh.CAI, Z., DU, S., Guo, H. (2011). Enhancing Food Security by Urban & Peri-urban Agriculture in China: Best Practices and Up-scaling . International Conference on Asian Food Security 2011( ICAFS),Singapore.CIDCO. (1973). Navi Mumbai Development Plan . retrieved from http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NM_Developmentplan.aspx on 2012.DMDP Project, RAJUK (MOHPW), and People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (1997). Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (1995-2015), Volume-I: Dhaka Structure Plan (1995-2015). (First Edition), Dhaka.Delhi Development Authority (DDA). (2005). Draft Master Plan for Delhi, 2021. New Delhi.JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency. (June 1992). “Feasibility Study on Greater Dhaka Protection Project (Study in Dhaka Metropolitan Area) of Bangladesh Flood Action Plan No.8A”John, D. (n.d.). Creating the Essence of Cities: The planning and development of Malaysia’s new federal administrative capital Putrajaya. retrieved from www.chairedelimmateriel.u-psud.fr/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=152 Lynch, K. (1995). City sense and City Designs: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch. MIT press.Nabi, A.S.M. (2008). Major Land use & Components of a Town. Lecture conducted from DURP, BUET. Dhaka.T. oyinkansola, Odude. (2012). A sustainable city. It's concept, characteristics and barriers. World Urban Forum.
BibliographyBushra, J., Ara, S., Shams, R., Nasrin, N. (2007). “A Conceptual Planning Approach to Urban Community Development: Case Study Uttara 3rd Phase”. Department of Urban and regional Planning, BUET, Dhaka.Chiara, J. D., Koppelman, L. E. (1984) .“Time Saver Standard for Site Planning”. Published by McGraw Hillbook Company.DMDP Project, RAJUK (MOHPW), and People’s Republic of Bangladesh; (1997) “Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (1995-2015), Volume-I: Dhaka Structure Plan (1995-2015); (First Edition), Dhaka.DMDP Project, RAJUK (MOHPW), and People’s Republic of Bangladesh; (1997) “Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (1995-2015), Volume-II: Urban Area Plan (1995-2015); (First Edition), Dhaka.
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Finally……….Our cherished hope for a modern sustainable town…..