surveying report

7/29/2019 Surveying Report

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SURVEYING REPORT

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]I] Write a brief of no more than four lines for each of

the following-:

1-Surveying

Surveying or land surveying is the technique and scienceof accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space position of points and the distances andangles between them. These points are usually on thesurface of the Earth and are often used to establish landmaps and boundaries forownership or governmental

purposes. In order to accomplish their objective,surveyors use elements ofgeometry, engineering,

trigonometry, mathematics,physics, and law.

2-PlaneSurveying

Plane surveying, which assumes that the Earth is flat, is the most commonly practisedform of surveying. It consists primarily of locating the positions of features on the ground(or fairly close to it). This is achieved, in the first instance, by a combination of angularand linear measurement. Linear measurement is therefore at the foundation of surveying,which is at the foundation of the geomatics and geodetic science disciplines. It is this

process of measuring things on the ground which is fundamental to later, fanciermeasurement systems.

3- Cadastral Surveying

Using a Cadastral survey orCadastral map, is a comprehensiveregisterof the metes-and-boundsreal property of a country. A cadastrecommonly includes details of theownership, the tenure, the preciselocation (some includeGPS coordinates), the dimensions (and area), thecultivations if rural, and the value of individual parcels of land.

Cadastres are used by many nations around the world,[1] some inconjunction with other records, such as a title register.

4- Hydro Surveying

Hydrographic survey is the science of measurement and description offeatures which affect maritime navigation, marine construction,dredging, offshore oil exploration/drilling and related disciplines. Strongemphasis is placed on soundings, shorelines, tides, currents, sea floorand submerged obstructions that relate to the previously mentionedactivities. The term Hydrography is sometimes used synonomously todescribe Maritime Cartography, which in the final stages of the

Cadastral map of villagePielnia1852, Austrian Empire

NOAA Survey Ship
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_registrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_registrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metes_and_boundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastre#cite_note-CTdata-0%23cite_note-CTdata-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_registrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metes_and_boundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastre#cite_note-CTdata-0%23cite_note-CTdata-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielnia


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hydrographic process uses the raw data collected through hydrographic survey into information usable bythe end user.

5- Topographic Surveying

Topographic Survey is a survey that measures the elevation of points on a particular piece of land, andpresents them ascontour lines on a plot.Topographic maps are based on Topographical surveys. Performed at large scales, these surveys arecalled topographical in the old sense oftopography, showing a variety of landmark and landscapeinformation. This is in contrast to oldercadastral surveys, which primarily show property andgovernmental boundaries.

6- Photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is the first remote sensing technology ever developed in which geometric propertiesabout objects are determined from photographic images. Photogrammetry is as old as modern

photography and can be dated to the mid-nineteenth century.

In the simplest example, the distance between two points that lie on a plane parallel to the photographicimage plane can be determined by measuring their distance on the image, if the scales of the image isknown. This is done by multiplying the measured distance by 1/s.

7- Geodetic Surveying or Geodesy

Geodesy also called geodetics, a branch ofearth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with themeasurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensionaltime-varying space. Geodesists also study geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and

polar motion. For this they design global and national control networks, using space and terrestrial

techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems.

8- Triangulation & Trilateration

Triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from knownpoints at either end of a fixed baseline, rather than measuring distances to the point directly. The pointcan then be fixed as the third point of a triangle with one known side and two known angles.Trilateration is a method for determining the intersections of threespheresurfaces given the centersandradiiof the three spheres.

9-Total Station

Total station is an electronic/optical instrument used inmodern surveying.it is an electronictheodolite (transit)integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) toread distances from the instrument to a particular point.

Archaeologicalsurvey using a total station onan Iron Age dwelling in Ytterby, Sweden.1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography_as_the_study_of_placehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(map)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_techniqueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datum_(geodesy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography_as_the_study_of_placehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(map)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_techniqueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datum_(geodesy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden


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10- Photo interpretation

Photo interpretation is the methodology for acquiringinformation fromphotograms orstereopairs. It was developedin parallel with Photogrammetry, and is the first application ofremote sensing familiar to human beings, in the sense that

photograms and stereoviews constitute an analogical optical-mechanical and photochemical equivalent to the sensitivity ofthe eye to visible light, optical perception and stereoscopicvision.the most widely used in Photo interpretation applications arethe aerial photographs; that means images taken from anaircraft carrying a photogrammetric camera with a

perpendicular or an inclined optical axis.

11- GIS,LIS

Geographic information system (GIS), orGeographical information system captures, stores,analyzes, manages, and presents data that is linked to location. Technically, a GIS is a system whichincludes mapping software and its application to remote sensing, land surveying, aerial photography,mathematics,photogrammetry, geography, and tools that can be implemented with GIS software. Still,many refer to "geographic information system" as GIS even though it doesn't cover all tools connected totopology.Land Information System (LIS) is a flexible land surface modeling and data assimilation frameworkdeveloped with the goal of integrating satellite- and ground-based observational data products andadvanced land surface modeling techniques to produce optimal fields of land surface states and fluxes.The LIS infrastructure provides the modeling tools to integrate these observations with the modelforecasts to generate improved estimates of land surface conditions such as soil moisture, evaporation,snow pack, and runoff, at 1km and finer spatial resolutions and at one-hour and finer temporalresolutions.12- Remote sensingRemote sensing is the small or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by theuse of either recording or real-time sensing device(s) that arewireless, or not in physical or intimatecontact with the object (such as by way ofaircraft, spacecraft,satellite,buoy, orship). In practice, remotesensing is the stand-off collection through the use of a variety of devices for gathering information on agiven object or area.13- Map Updating

Map updating is a regular process that add every thing new from Earth to the Map and done once everyfive to seven years.

14- GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. space-basedglobalnavigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation,and timing services to worldwide users on a continuous basis in allweather, day and night, anywhere on or near the Earth.

15- Close-Range PhotogrammetryArtist's conception of GPS Block II-F satellite in

The Photogrammetry camera's field of view defines how much it sees and is a function of the focallength of the lens and the size (often called the format) of the digital sensor. For a given lens, a largerformat sensor has a larger field of view.
http://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/rsens/DeCETI/NTUA/Glossary.htm#photogramhttp://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/rsens/DeCETI/NTUA/Glossary.htm#stereo%20pairhttp://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/rsens/DeCETI/NTUA/Glossary.htm#photogrammetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_surveyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographyhttp://nlda.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_assimilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_navigation_satellite_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_navigation_satellite_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_navigation_satellite_systemhttp://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/rsens/DeCETI/NTUA/Glossary.htm#photogramhttp://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/rsens/DeCETI/NTUA/Glossary.htm#stereo%20pairhttp://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/rsens/DeCETI/NTUA/Glossary.htm#photogrammetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_surveyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographyhttp://nlda.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_assimilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_navigation_satellite_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_navigation_satellite_system


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: :-)Surveying(

.)Plane Surveying(

.))Cadastral Surveying

.500:12500:1

))Hydro Surveying

, ))Topographic Surveying

,.

))Photogrammtery

.))Geodetic Surveying

,

.))Triangulation & Trilateration*)Triangulation(

.*)Trilateration(

.( )

..

))Total Station( )

.)Triangulation()X,Y,Z(.GPS

))Photo interpretation

,
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8Ahttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%ABhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%ABhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A


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Geographical Information Systems (GIS(

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.Land Information System(LIS(

,)LIS". " (

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)spatial referencing system(.)Remote sensing(

.

.

.)Map Updating(

Global Positioning System(GPS(

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)Close-Range Photogrammetry(

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6= -22.4=38.79=12.6025

7= -0.578=7.29

8= -2.39=10

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=46.80=84.16=48.20=69.84

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surveying report

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