p< To determine the length of a bridge p_roposed to be built across a wide river, the surveying method

of choice would be(a) tacheometry(b) chain surveying(c) hydrographic surveying( d) triangulation

Q.2 Heliograph is a type of_.,,, (a} instrument used for recording the movement

of sun(b) instrument used for contouring an area(c) electronic distance measuring device(d) sun signal used in triangulation work

Q.3 The map projection in which the angle between-- any pair of short lines is represented correctly is

cailed

Q.7

(a) conformal projection(b) equidistant projection(c) azimuthal projection(d) equal area projection

If L is the measured length of a line, then thecompensating errors are proportional to

(a) ✓L

(c) L2

(b) L

(d) L3

If his the difference in height between the endpoints of a chain of length L, the slope correctionis approxirn,;1!1:;ly equal to(a) 2rf!L2 (b) 2/i/L

(c) h/2L (d) /r-/2L

"Clogging of chain rings with mud" introduces(a) positive curnulativ<:: Grror(b) compensating error

(c) negative cumulative r;rror(d) all of the above

The maximum length of of fsot depfJnds on(a) length of tt1e tape(b) importance of the object(c) nature of the ground(d) scale of the map.

Q.8 �

The smaller angle made by a survey line with thetrue meridian is known as (a) true bearing (b) azimuth_ (c) grid meridian (d) magnetic bearing

The graduated ring of a prismatic compass hasits zero at(a) South(c) West

(b) East(d) North

o 1-f( !he ratio of curvature effect to that of refraction7- IS

(a) 3 (b) 12(c) 19 (d) 7

In levelling, the effect of refraction may be takenas ___ of that due to curvature(a) one-seventh (b) one-half(c) one-third (d) one-fifth

Q.1Y7n plane table the intersection method is preferred/ :Vhen objects to be plotted are

(a) at large distances

Q.13

(b) at small distances(c) large distance with high trees(d) at any distance.

To minimise errors in fly levelling(a) the reduced levels of the staff stations should

be equal(b) the instrument should be at equal distance

from staff stations0

(c) the summation of back sight and fore sightshould be minimum

( d) the legs of the dumpy level should be of same ,length.

�/The 'alidade' is used in(a) Chain survey (b) Plane table survey(c) Compass survey (d) Theodolite survey.

f"I / Tl1e sensitivity of a bubble tube can be increased '.:')"'"J by: : (a) increasing the diameter of the tube(b) increasing tt10 radius of curvature of the tube(c) increasing the length of the tube · '.(d) none of the above

Surveying

Reciprocal levelling is done when (a) ground is uneven(b) ground is flat(c) balancing of sights is not possible(d) none of the above.

¢Refraction correction (a) completely eliminates curvature correction.(b) partially eliminates curvature correction.(c) adds to the curvature correction.(d) has no effect on curvature correction.

� The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level: 0.695, 1.525, 2.395, 0.635, 0.605, 0.805, 0.125 The instrument was shifted after the third and fifth readings. The readings 2.395 and 0.635 respectively represent (a) F.S. and B.S. (b) F.S. and I.S.(c) B.S and F.S. (d) I.S. and B.S.

The correction for refraction as applied to staff reading is

1 (d2 )(a) +- -

7 2R 1 (d2

) (b) -- -7 2R

1(d2

) (c) +- -7.R

1(d2

) (d) --::; R

where R is radius of earth.

0 the horizontal distance between the staff point-- and the point of observation is d, then the error

due to curvature of earth is proportional to

(a) d

(c) cP

1 (b) -d

1(d) d2

� The ty�e of surveying which requires least officework is (a) tacheometry(b) trigonometrical levelling(c) plane table surveying(d) theodolite surveying

Orhree point problem can be solved by(a) Tracing proper method(b) Bessels method(c) Lehman's method( d) All of the above

o ?.,J The two point problem and three point p·roblem.7 . are methods of

(a) resection(b) orientation(c) traversing(d) resection and orientation

Q.28' Bowditch rule is applied to / (a) an open traverse for graphical adjustment.

(b) a closed traverse for adjustment of closingerror.

(c) determine the effect of local attraction.(d) none of the above

Q.26 The angle between the prolongation of the ;--- preceding line and the forward line of a traverse

is called (a) deflection angle (b) included angle(c) direct angle (d) none of the above

Q.27 Horizontal distances obtained by tacheometric i/ observations

(a) require slope correction(b) require tension correction(c) require slope and tension corrections(d) do not require slope and tension corrections

re Overturning of vehicles on a curve can be avoided· by using (a) compound curve (b) vertical curve(c) reverse curve (d) transition curve

Q.2�1f the degree of a curve is 1°, then radius of the

/ curve is equal to(a) 5400 m (b) 1720 m

1720(c) -

nm (d) 3440

nm

0.22 Intersection method of detailed plotting is moStQ .39/ff an upgrade of 1.5% is followed by a downgrade

< of 0.5% and rate of change of grade is 0.2% �er20 m chain, then the length of vertical curve 1s suitable for

(a) forests(c) hilly areas

(b) urban areas(d) plains

(a) 100 m (b) 200 m(c) 300 m (d) 400 m

16.

a 3 . . . . . J Agonic line 1s the line Joining points havin (a) zero declination g

(b) minimum declination(c) maximum declination(d) same declination

0.3r1he true length of a line is kn 7 ,� . . own to be 200 m . - When this is measured with a 20 .

I th · 200 m tape theeng .

is .80 m. The correct length of the ;O , tape Is m (a) 19.92 m(c) 20.04 m

(b) 19.98 m(d) 20.08 m

.9,33An observer standing on the deck of a ship justsees the top of a lighthouse which is 30 m abovethe sea level. If the height of the observer's eyeis 10 m above the sea level, then the distance ofthe observer from the lighthouse will be nearly(a) 22.5 km (b) 24.3 km

Q.34

�

(c) 33.3 km (d) 59.7 km

The properties of autogenous automobiles are given by (a) true spiral(b) cubic parabola(c) Bernoulli's Lemniscate(d) clothoid spiral

curve for

a 35 Which one of the following statements best.

'?

� defines a 'level surface . . ) A horizontal surface every element of which

(a . normal to plumb line.IS

f h' h. (b) A curved surface every element o w 1c 1s

perpendicular to the spheroidal shape of the

earth. (c) A plane surface which is perpendicular at all

points to the direction of gravity.(d) A curved surface which is perpendicular to

the direction of gravity at every point.

/ When a theodolite is in proper adjustment which <p86

of the following conditions between fundamental lines are satisfied? 1. Axis of the plate level is perpendicular to the

vertical axis.2. The line of collimation is at right angles to the

vertical axis.3. The axis of the altitude level is parallel to the

line of collimation when it is horizontal andthe vertical circle reads zero.

Select the correct answer using the codes give below. "· (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 .-

g,.a{" ABCD is a regular parallelogram _plot of larid,· · whose angle BAD is 60° . If the bearing of the li

rieAB is 30° , then the bearing of the line CD is (a) gy (b) 120°(c) 210" (d) 2?0"

Q.38 Match List-I with List-II and select the correct� answer using the codes given below the lists:

Q.39

List-I A. Stream gaugings. Station pointerC. Tide gaugeD. Sounding

List-II1. Solving three point problem2. To determine water level and its variation3. The process of determining the bed depth4. To measure turbidity5. Measuring the discharge of a streamCodes:

A B C D

(a) 3 4 2 1 (b) 4 3 1 2

(c) 5 1 2 3 (d) 3 1 2 5

Which one of the following closely represents the· shape of the earth? (a) Spheroid (b) Ellipsoid(c) Oblate spheroid ( d) Prolate spheroid

Q.40 Which of the following variations of magneticc...-- declination are correctly matched?

1. Dirunal variation __ Variation whose time·period varies from 100-350 years.

2. Annual variation __ Annual rate of change 1 of secular variation. I

3. Secular variation __ Variation of declinationperiodic in character.

4. Irregular variation __ Caused due to·· magnetic storms in earth's magnetic field. �

Select the correct answer using the codes given �below. 1

(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 i, 1

(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4 .i

Mean sea level at any place is the average datum ofhourly tide heights observed over a period of nearly(a) 5 years (b) 1 O years(c) 20 years (d) 50 years

Q,4?L.n that for a triangulation survey:( D = distance in km

h = the visible horizon from a station of knownelevation above the datum (in meters) If there is no obstruction due to interveningground, then his equal to(a) 0.6735 02

(b) 6. 735 02

(c) 0.06735 02 (d) 0.006735 02

a.qjf R is the radius of the main curve, 0 the angle/ of deflection, S the shift and L the length of the

transition curve, then, total tangent length of thecurve, is

(a) (R _ S) tane _ !::_ (b) (R + S) tane _ !::_

2 2 2 2

tane L tane L(c) (R+S)-+- (d) (R-S)-+-

22 2 2

�n plane surveying · (a) the curvature of the earth is taken into

consideration (b) the curvature of the earth is not taken into

consideration (c) the surveying extend over small areas(d) the surveys extend over large areas

� In order to determine the natural features s�chas valleys, rivers, lakes, etc., the surveyingpreferred is (a) city surveying (b) location surveying (c) cadastral surveying (d) topographical surveying

O.46 The surveying used to determine additional- details such as boundaries of fields, is called

(a) city surveying (b) location surveying (c) cadastral surveying (d) topographical surveying

0.47 }.be-fundamental principle of surveying is to work�fr om the

(a) whole to the part(b) part to the whole (c) lower level to higher level(d) hioher level to lower level

0.48 ,,)he working from whole to the part is done in✓ surveying in order to ensure that

(a) surveying work is completed more quickly(b) number of errors is minimum(c) plotting is done more quickly (d) errors and mistakes of one portion do not

affect the remaining portionQ .49 Measurements taken with a wrong scale can be-- corrected by using the relation

Correct scale (a) True length= W I x tv1easured lengthrong scae

( Correct scale)2

(b) True length= ---- xMeasured lengthWrong scale

( Correct scale)3

(c) True length = ---- x Measured lengthWrong scale

(d) None of these

Q.50 The instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle�n order to measure the distance travelled, is called

(a) passometer (b) pedometer (c) odometer (d) speedometer

✓, The correction to be applied to each 30 m chainfor a line measured along a slope of 0 Is (a) close to each other (b) not more than 100 m apart(c) mutually intervisible (d) located at highest points in the sea

Q.51/The error in measured length due to incorrect/ holding of chain is

03-

(a) compensating error(b) cumulative error(c) instrumental error(d) negative error

You have to observe an included angle with betteraccuracy than what is achievable by a vernier,you will prefer the method of(a) repetition(b) reiteration(c) double observations(d) exactness

Q.54 The error in measured length due to sag of chainor tape is known as(a) positive error (b) negative error �(c) compensating error

Q.41

Q.�When (h) is the difference in heights between or The index glass in an optical square is

/ the extremities of a chain length (I), then the (a) wholly silveredd

correction for slope required is (b) wholly unsilvered h unsil\/ere

(a) h// (b) h2// (c) one-fourth silvered and three-fourt

(d) half silvered and half unsilvered h the(c) h2/2/ (d) h2/4/

throu9 ·dians

Q.64 The true or geographical men Q.56 Cumulative errors that occur in chaining are

proportional to (a) L

(c) 1/L(b) Jf.(d) 1/✓L.

Q.57 Compensating errors that occur in chaining are/ proportional to

(a) L

(c) 1/L (b) Jf.(d) 1/✓L.

where L = length of the line

� When a tape of length (L) and weight (w) N/m isstretched at its ends with a pull (P) N, then the correction for sag required is

lNi... w2L3

(a) 24P (b) 24p2

w3L3 w4L4

(c) 24p3 (d) 24p4

O �A check line in a chain surveying ✓- (a) checks the accuracy of the framework

Q.61

(b) enables the surveyor to locate the interiordetails which are far away from the main chainlines

(c) fixes up the directions of all other lines(d) All of the above

When the position of a point is to be located accurately by a perpendicular offset, the directionof perpendicular is set out by means of(a) theodolite (b) optical square(c) dumpy level (d) planimeterThe instrument used for setting out an offset at anght angle, is called(a) open cross-staff(b) trench cross-staff

' various stations -··

(a) are parallel(b) converge to the poles uth pole

h ole to so (c) converge from nort P orth pole

th pole ton

(d) converge from sou rne is

e bearing of a I g_Jxr In a whole circle system, th

measured h south point of the

(a) always clockwise from t e the line right round

reference meridian towards

the circle . ·se from the e ast or(b) clockwise or a�ticlockw� line towards north

west whichever is nearer t e

or south . f the north or

(c) clockwise or anticlockwise rom_ south whichever is nearer the line towards

east or west ( d) None of the above

Q�ln a quadrantal system, the bearing of a line is_,,, measured

(a) always clockwise from the south point of thereference meridian towards the line right roundthe circle

(b) clockwise or anticlockwise from the east orwest whichever is nearer the line towards northor south

(c) clockwise or anticlockwise from the north orsouth whichever is nearer the line towardseast or west

( d) None of the above0 �✓ Th I' '.77 e ines passing through points at which themagnetic de I' t· c ina ion 1s equal at a given time arecalled

(a) isogonic lines (b) agonic lines(c) adjustable cross-staff(d) optical square

/(c) isoclinic lines (d) N f

6B I one o these

( Q. For removing the pa·rallax(a) the eyepie h Q.62 For setting out an offset at an angle of 450� cross-staff is used(a) open(c) adjustable

(b) french(d) None of these

• . ce s ould be focussed for distinctv1s1on of cross-hairs(b) the image f th . th I

o e ObJect should be brought ifl. e Pane of cross-hairs(c) either (a) and (b)(d) both (a) and (b)

Q.69 A deflection angle in a traverse 1·s equal to the f"\.:rf" The line joining 11 d as r· · · f e is ca e -- (a) difference between the included angle and 180° elevation above the datum sur ac. '

(b) difference between 360° and the included angle (a) contour surface (b) contour line.

(c) sum of the included angle and 180° (c) contour interval (d) contour gradient(d) None of the above

9)2"' In locating the details of inaccessible objects visibleatleast from transit stations, the method used is(a) by angles and distances from the same station(b) by angle from one station and distance from

the other station (c) by distances from two different stations(d) None of the above

g;-(' The height of instrument is equal to(a) reduced level of bench mark + back sight ·(b) reduced level of bench mark+ foresight(c) reduced level of bench mark + intermediate

sight(d) backsight + foresight

Q. 72 The collimation method for obtaining the reduced/ levels of points does not provide a check on

(a) foresights (b) backsights(c) change points (d) intermediate sights

�e rise and fall method for obtaining the reduced levels of points provides a check on (a) foresights only(b) backsights only(c) intermediate sights only(d) All of the above

� In leveling, the correction for curvature (in meter) is equal (a) 0.00785 02 (b) 0.0785 02

(c) 0.0112 02 (d) 0.0673 02

where O is distance from the level to the staffread.ing in kilometers

fY.15 In levelling, the correction for combined curvatureand refraction (in meter) is equal to (a) 0.00785 02 (b) 0.0785 02

(c) 0.0112 02 (d) 0.0673 02

where D is distance from the level to the staffreading in kilometers

� The error which is not completely eliminated inreciprocal levelling, is (a) error due to curvature(b) error due to refraction(c) error due to non-adjustment of bubble tube(d) error due to non-adjustment of bubble tube

. t nt used to measureQ. 78 In plane tabling, the ins rume . . .� horizontal and vertical distances directly, is known

as (a) plane alidade(c) tachometer

(b) telescopic alidade

(d) clinometer

� The plane table surveying is(a) most suitable for preparing small scale maps

(b) particularly advantageous in magnetic areas

(c) less costly than a theodolite survey(d) All of the above

The method of plane tabling commonly used for establishing the instrument stations only, is a (a) method of radiation(b) method of intersection(c) method of traversing(d) method of resection

a/ When R is the radius of the curve (in meters). Dis the degree of curve (in degrees) and length of the chord is 30 m, then the relation between R and D is (a) R = 1520/D (b) R = 1720/0(c) R = 4500/0 (d) R = 5400/0

�he amount of superelevation on railways is equal"to (a) gv2/GR(c) GR/gv2

where

(b) Gv2/gR(d) gR/Gv2

G = Distance between the centres of the rails inmeters

R = Radius of the curve in meters, and v = Speed of the vehicle in m/s

Q.83 The perpendicular offset from a tangent to theJunction of transition curve and circular curve is equal to (a) L/6R

(c) L 2/6R

Where,

(b) L/24R

(d) L 2/24R

L = Length of the transition curve, and R = Radius of the circular curve

the points having the same

-

The shift of a curve equal to(a) U6R (b) U24R(c) L2/6R (d) L2/24R

� The multiplying constant for the tacheometer is(a) f/i (b) i/f

(c) f/d (d) f + d

wheref = Focal length of the objectivei = Interval between the stadia lines or hairs, and

d = Horizontal distance from the optical centreto the vertical axis of the tacheometer

Q.86 _The additive constant for the tacheometer is/ (a) f/i (b) i/f

(c) f/d (d) f + d

wheref = Focal length of the objectivei = Interval between the stadia lines or hairs, andd = Horizontal distance from the optical centre

o the vertical axis of the tacheometer

QJJ?I' The multiplying constant for the tacheometer is,generally, kept as(a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 60 (d) 100

Q�The value of additive constant for the tacheometervaries from(a) Oto 15 cm(c) 30 to 45 cm

(b) 15 to 30 cm(d) 45 to 60 cm

Q.� the sum of the first and last ordinates, add/ twice the sum of the intermediate ordinates. The

total sum thus obtained is multiplied by thecommon distance between the ordinates. One­half of this product gives the required area. Therule of finding the area is called(a) mid-ordinate rule(b) trapezoidal rule (c) average ordinate rule(d) Simpson's rule

r' To_ the sum of the first and last ordinates, addtwice the sum of the remaining odd ordinatesand four times the sum of all the even ordinates.The total sum thus obtained is multiplied by one­thi rd of the common distance between theordinates and the result gives the required area.This rule of finding the area is called(a) mid-ordinate rule(b) trapezoidal rule (c) average ordinate rule(d) Simpson's rule

Q. 91 pttsets are . -

� (a) lateral measurements made with respect to

main survey lines

(b) perpendiculars erected from ch�in lines

(c) taken to avoid unnecessary walking between

stations (d) measurements which are not made at right

angles to the chain line

Q.92 An ideal vertical curve to join two gradients, is

/\...-/'" (a) circular (b) parabolic

' (c) elliptical (d) hyperbolic

Q.93 Pantagraph is used for

r-- (a) measuring distances(b) measuring areas(c) enlarging or reducing plans(d) setting out right angles

� A scale of 1 inch = 50 ft. is mentioned on an oldmap. What is the corresponding equivalentscale?

Q.95 .__/

(a) 1 cm= 5 m(c) 1 cm= 10 m

(b) 1 cm= 6 m(d) 1 cm= 12 m

Hypotensuall allowance is given by theexpression (adopting standard conventions)(a) (1 - sece) x measured distance(b) (1 - cose) x measured distance(c) (sece - 1) x measured distance(d) (cose - 1) x measured distance

Survey of India was publishing toposheets usinga scale of (a) 1 : 1000(c) 1 : 10000

(b) 1 : 5000(d) 1 : 50000

�f fore bearing of a line is S49o52'E ( . assuming ther� is no local attraction), the back b . fthe line will be earing 0

(a) S 52°49'E( c) N 49°08'E

(b) S 49°52'E(d) N 49°

52W

0.98 The direction of th . -- established t

e magnetic meridian is. . a each traverse station and thedirection of the line is d t . .

to the . e ermined with referencemagnetic meridian Th' traversing is called · 1s method of

(a) fast needle method (b) loose needle method(c) bearing method (d) fixed needle method

Q e magnetic needle in a prismatic compass is

aced . . . (a) at the bottom of the graduated aluminium nng(b) above the graduated aluminium ring(c) below the brass box(d) below the needle lifter, but above the

bottom inside the compass

0;ec(The magnetic bearing of a line AB is S 30°E. Ifthe declination is 6° West, then what is the true bearing? (a} S 36° E (c) S 24° E

(b) N 36° W(d) N 24° W

Q.101 In a transit theodolite, any incidental error due to_; eccentricity of verniers is primarily counteracted

by (a) Reading both the verniers(b) Reading different parts of main scale(c) Reading right and left faces(d) Taking both right swing readings

Q.102 Turning of the theodolite telescope in vertical--- plane by 180° about the horizontal axis is known

as (a) Setting(c) Transiting

(b) Centering(d) Swinging

0.103 For locating an inaccessible point with the help ....,./of only a Plane table, one should use

(a) traversing (b) resection(c) radiation (d) intersection

0.104 The arithmetical check for the computation of RL

/ by "rise and fall" method is given by (a) r.FS - tBS == RL of last station point

- RL of first station point == r.Fall - r.Rise(b) r.as - "I.FS == RL of first stat ion point

- RL of last station point == r.Rise - r.Fall(c) r.as - r.FS == RL of lant station point

- RL of first station point== r.Rise - r.Fall

(d) r.as - r.FS == RL of first station point- RL of last station point ::; r.Rise - l:Fall

�heory of errors and adjustments deals withminimizing the effects of (a) instrumental errors(b) mistakes(c) systematic errors(d) personal and accidental errors

Q.106 Which one of the following surveys is employed'\c:,/ for collecting sufficient data in connection with

sewage disposal and water supply works? (a) Topographic survey(b) Cadastral survey(c) Geodetic survey(d) Cross-sectioning and profile levelling

Q._µ,7 Which one of the following methods of levelling eliminates the error due to curvature and refraction? (a) Fly levelling(b) Levelling by equalizing the distances of back

sight and foresight(c) Check levelling(d) Precise levelling

�Which of the following sights will be applicable for a change point? (a) Back sight(b} Intermediate sight and fore sight(c) Fore sight(d) Back sight and fore sight

�allowing observations were taken during a �� reciprocal levelling:

Instrument near p Q

Staff reading at P 1.824 0.928

Staff reading at Q 2.748 1.606

If reduced level of Pis 140.815 m, the reduced level of Q is (a) 138.014 m (b} 139.616 m (c) 140.014 m (d) 141.616 m

a?6A contour may be defined as an imaginary line· passing through

(a) Points on the longitudinal section(b) Points of equal elevation(c) Point of equal local ground slope(cj) Points of transverse section surveys

a?\Regarding plane-table survey, which of the fallowing statements does not hold? (a) All the plotting work including contouring can

be done in the field.(b) It is quite suitable for small scale surveys(c) Less number of control points are required(d) It can be done in all seasons

0.)J.2-Which one of the following methods estimatesbest the area of an irregular and curved boundary?(a) Trapezoidal method (b) Simpson's method(c) Average ordinate method(d) Mid-ordinate method

Q.113 Which one of the following is measured by the--- area between the balancing line and the mass­

haul curve?(a) Haul between the balancing points(b) Earthwork accumulated up to that point(c) Excess of excavation(d) Excess of filling

Q.114 The measured radius of a circle is 80 m with a- possible error of 0.05 m in its diameter. The error

in the computed area will nearly be(a) + 6.5 m2 (b) - 0. 6 5 m2

(c) ± 12.6 m2 (d) ± 8.2 m2

Q.115 Which one of the following verniers is employed- in Abney Level?

(a) Retrograde vernier(b) Double vernier(c) Double folded vernier(d) Extended vernier

Q.116 A lemniscate curve between the tangents is- transitional throughout. if the polar deflection

angle of its apex is equal to (<!> is the deflectionangle between the initial and final tangents)(a) q,/2 (b) q,/4(c) q,/6 (d) <1>

Q .117 For a chord of 60 m, the mid-ordinate for a circular__.....-- curve of 50 m radius will be

(a) 10m (b) 12.5 m(c) 1 5 m (d) 18.75 m

Q.118 If '9/ and '92' are the two gradients, 'r' is the rate__,.. of change of grade (%) per chain, the length of

the vertical curve will be

(a) ( 91 ;z 92)

(c) ( 91 �92

)

(b) ( 91;l2)

(d) ✓91 + 92(3

Q.1 j..8"What is the minimum number of satellites/ required from which signals can be recorded to

enable a global positioning system receiver todetermine latitude, longitude and altitude?

(a) One(c) Three

(b) T'v\O(d) Four

, � � i 400 24' 24" say ) is0/.::::u If the weight of an ang,e A ( =

3 - 130 28'2, then the weight of the angle N (-

08") will be

(a) 4(c) 9

(b) ± ✓3(d) 18

- · se ofQ. 121 Refraction error is the least in ca

- (a) stadia tacheometry (b) tangential tacheometry(c) sub tense bar tacheometry(d) omnimeters

Q.122 The ·point of curve' of a simple circular curve, is

--- (a) point of tangency (b) point of commencement(c) point of intersection (d) mid-point of the curve

Q. 123,,l'f the ang!e o'. deflection of a simple curve is _e/ and its radius Is R, then the length of the chord 1s

0(a) 2R sin 0 (b) 2R sin

2

0(c) 2R cos 0 (d) 2R tan

2

�For better accuracy in measuring and plottingthe sides of a triangle by triangulation, the anglesof the triangle (a) should not be more than 30°

(b) should not be less than 30° or more than 120°

(c) are not restricted in magnitude(d) should not be less than 120°

0.125 Ramsden eye-piece consists of �a) two convex lenses short distance apart (b) two concave lenses short distance apart (c) one convex lens and one concave lens short

distance apart (d) two piano-convex lenses short distance apart,with the convex surfaces facing each other

Q>efs Which one of the f 11 · o owing surveys is required 1nobservations of stars? (a) Astronomical survey(b) Cadastral survey(c) Aerial survey (d) Photogrammetric survey

0_ 121 The bearings of the lines AB and BC are 146° 30'/and 68° 30'. The included angle ABC is

(a) 102° (b) ?ff'(c) 45° (d) none of these

Q.128 Which one of the following conditions requires.-/ geodetic surveying?

(a) Horizontal curve ranging(b) Vertical curve ranging(c) Survey of a country(d) Reconnaissance survey

Q.1�The first reading from a level station is

/ (a) foresight (b) intermediate sight(c) back-sight (d) any sight

Q.130 When His the flight height, R is the appropriate/ radial measure and dis the relief displacement,

the vertical height of an object appearing on anaerial photograph is

R (a)

dH

H

(c) dR

dH (b) R

RH (d) d

�1 Local mean time of a place of longitude of

42°36' W is Sh 42m 15s AM. The correspondingGreenwich Mean Time is(a) 10h 32m 40s AM (b) 11 h 32m 39s PM(c) Oh 32m 39s PM (d) 11 h 32m 39s AM

Q.13?,.Ranging is defined as/ (a) measuring the distance from starting point

(b) establishing intermediate points on a chainline

(c) the distance between end points(d) a point on a chain line

°?3' A line joining some fixed points on the mainsurvey lines is called as (a) check line (b) tie line(c) chain line (d) base line

a)-3<•offsets" are · (a) Lateral measurements from chain line (b) Ties or check lines which are perpendicular

to chain line (c) Sets of minor measurements in chain

surveying(d) Chain lines which go out of alignments

Q.� Which of the following statements in respect of amap A having scale 1 : 1000 and another map Bhaving scale 1 : 5000 is true ?(a) Map A is a large scale map compared to map

B (b) Map B is a large scale map compared to map

A (c) Map B is a more detailed map compared to

map A( d) None of the above

Q.1�The correction to be applied to each 30 m chain

/ �ength for a line measurement along a slope of

0 is (a) 30(1 -cos0) (b) 30(1 - sin0)(c) 30(1-tan0) (d) 30(1-cote)

a4 A scale representing either three units or only1/ one unit and its fraction upto second place of

decimal point is(a) Diagonal scale(c) Vernier scale

(b) Comparative scale(d) Shrunk scale

0)58 Chain surveying is most suitable when(a) The ground is fairly levelled and open with

simple details(b) The area is small in extent(c) Plans are required on a large scale( d) All options are correct

Q.139 Method used for chaining on sloping ground is__-: - (a) By stepping method

(b) By hypotenuse allowance method(c) By clinometer method(d) Both stepping method and hypotenuse

method

�Maximum allowable limit upto that a measurementmay vary from the true value is known as(a) Permissible error (b) Residual error( c) Expected error ( d ) Sale error

� Prolongation of chain line across an obstructionin chain surveying is done by(a) making angular measurements(b) drawing perpendiculars with a chain(c) solution of triangles(d) all options are correct

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f a direct vernier scale . . . �SO�JI __________ - 0 15a In case O

. . rease in opposite d1rect1on inQ.1_!1ZPositive error is caused if

t ·dard (a) Length of chain is shorter than the s a_n

d (b) Slope and sag corrections is not app lie

the incorrectly(c) Measurements are made along

aligned line{d) All options are correct

� well-conditioned triangle has angles no� less

than __ and more than __ respectively.(a) 10°, 90° (b) 20°, 120°

( c) 90°, 120 ° ( d) None OfThese

Q. � If a chain is found very short on testing, it can be

adjusted by ___ . (a) Straightening the links(b) Inserting additional circular rings(c) Flattening the circular rings( d) Any of the options

0. 145 During chaining with a straight line, the leader of_.-- the survey party has three arrows and while the

fol lower has five arrows, the distance of the

follower from the starting point will be __ _ (ji.) Three Chains (b) Four Chains (c) Five Chains (d) None Of These

� In chain survey execution, the first step taken is

(a) Reference sketches(b) Marking stations(c) Running survey line

(d) Reconnaissance

� In the surveys, the slope correction app lied tothe base line is (a) Always cumulative

(b) Always Compensating(c) Sometimes cumulative, sometimes

compensating( d) None of these

Q.148 What is the true area (in acres), if the area

v calculated by a chain which is found to be 0.8

link too long is 100 acres?

(a) 100.8 (b) 99.2

(c) 98 .4 (d) 101.6

Q.149 The distance between steps for measuring

downhill to obtain better accuracy ___ .

-- (a) decreases with decrease of slope

(b) increases with increase of slope

decreases with increase of slope. (c)

•th decrease of weight of the(d) decreases w1

chain

· d at1ons inc _,,r (a) gra u

t·ons of the main scale increase· h gradua 1 whic .. ·on is longer than smallest

) mallest d1v1s1 (b s . . f the main scale

div1sIon o d' ·. · crease in the same irect,on in

duat1ons In (c) gr� d tions of the main scale increase

which gra ua

( d) None of these

. 1. e which runs along N-S directione chain In . .

a I d the ground in E-W d1rect1on is1zonta an

sloping. I . . s'ble to set offsets correct y on east(a) It IS pos I

side. . ossible to set offsets correctly on west(b) It IS p

side(c) It is not possible to set offsets correctly on

west side(d) it is possible to set offsets correctly on both

sides

0-)52 The accuracy of measurement in chain surveying

does not depend upon: (a) length of the offset(b) scale of the plotting(c) importance of the features(d) general layout of the chain lines

Q�he difference between face left and face right observation of a theodolite is 3'. The error is: (a) 45' (b) 1' 30'

(c) 3' (d) O'

0. �heodolite is an instrument used for measurementof (a) Both horizontal and vertical angles(b) Distance only(c) Horizontal angles only(d) Vertical angles only

Q · 15� magnetic bearing of the Sun at a place at<- ��-�� in southern hemisphere is 167° , themagnetic declination at that place is(a) 130 W (b) 130 E(c) 770 N

(d) 230 S

a.r,compute the angle between the lines AB andAC, if their respective bearings are 52°30' a

nd 328°45'

(a) 276°15'

(c) 111°15'(b) 6°15'

(d) 83°45'

� If the sum of northings of a traverse exceeds the Q .1),5 The dip of the compass needle __ _ sum of southings by 1 m and sum of eastings (a) is constantexceeds the sum of westings by 1 m. the resultant (b) varies from place to place and is zero at theclosing error and its true bearing are respectively, equator and maximum at the poles(a) ✓2 m. N 45° E (b) 1 m, N 45° E (c) is zero at the equator and poles(c) 2 m, N 45" W (d) 2 m, N 45° E (d) None of these

Q.�n a closed traverse, the sum of the northlatitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and also the sum of west departures is more than the sum of east departures. The bearing of the closing line is in the (a) SE quadrant (b) NE quadrant(c) NW quadrant (d) SW quadrant

a. 1 t;i(n1e angle betv.�n true meridian �d _the magnetic ✓- meridian at the t,me of observation 1s knows as

(a) Orientation (b) Magnetic declination{c) Magnetic bearing (d) Dip

Q.1 �4nen tv.'O points of surveying are mutually invisible/ �� fo:!o-.,�ng method of ranging is adopted

(a) Direct ranging (b) Indirect ranging(c) 1-b'izmtal ranging (d) Vertical ranging

Q�ne c::-ec ion of a line relative to a given meridian :s k.novm as {a) Ar.g:e of iine (c) 3earing of !ine

(b) Direction of line (d) Relative meridian

�ef1 swing is not much favoured in theodolite su vey, because (a) mos of surveyors are accustomed to right

r�(b) it is inconvenient to turn the telescope

ar:ticlockwiw(c) the readi gs incma.se clockwise(d) veriica1 scale comes to an inconvenient

/position to be rf::ad

0)63 ,,In �ompass surve,ing

A. The direction and lengths of survey line ismeasured by compass.

B. The direction is measure<j t y .comrass.C. The lengths of survey line is measured by

chain or tape. (a) Only A(c) Only C

(b) Only B(d) Both B and C

0 · 164 Inclination of the compass needle to the horizontaltowards the pole is called (a) Dip (b) Declination(c) Azimuth (d) Bearing

Q.100 The imaginary line passing through theI - intersection of cross hairs and the optical center

of the objective is known as __ _ (a) line of sight(b) line of collimation geoid(c) axis of the telescope( d) None of these

Q ))37 In an adjusted level, when the bubble is centered,the axis of the bubble tube becomes parallel to (a) line of sight(b) line of collimation(c) axis of the telescope(d) None of these

Q.168.The method of levelling used to carry out.._/ reconnaissance of area is

(a) Check levelling (b) Fly levelling(c) Profile levelling (d) Simple levelling

� The constant vertical distance between two adjacent contours is called __ _ (a) horizontal interval(b) horizontal equivalent(c) vertical equivalent(d) contour interval

0)-<0"Which of the following levelling is carried out to determine the elevation difference between two points on the surface of earth? (a) Reciprocal levelling(b) Simple leveling(c) Longitudinal levelling(cl) Differential levelling

ay1 Tho sensitiveness of a level tube decreases if

(a) radius of curvature of its inner surface isincreased

(h) diameter of the tube is increased(c) length of the vapour bubble is increased(d) both viscosity and surface tension are

increased

OJJ.21f the plane table is not horizontal in a direction at right angles to the alidade, the line of sight is parallel to the fiducial edge only for __ _ (a) horizontal sights(b) inclined sight upward(c) inclined slight downward( d) None of these

-�he length of the tangent of a curve whose radiusis Rand the angle of deflection /l is

/l (a) Rtan-2

/l (c) 2Rtan-

2

(b) 2Rsin /l 2

R . ll (d) sin-

2

�ydrographic survey deals with the mapping of · (a) Large Water Bodies(b) Canal System(c) Colour Movement(d) None of these

�he bowditch method of adjustment of traverseis based on the assumption that

1 (a) 81 oc Ji and 82 oc Ji(b) 81 oc Ji and 82 oc Ji

1 (c) 81 ex: Ji and 82 oc Ji

1 1 (d) 81 ex: Ji and 82 oc Ji

� If "fore bearing" of line is S 49° 52' E (assuming, there is no local attraction), the "Back bearing"

of the line will be (a) S 52°49' E(c) N 49"08' E

(b) S 49°52' E(d) N 49°52' W

0.117 The three point problem can be solved by V (a) Tracing paper method

(b) Bessels method(c) Lehman's method(d) All of these

�hich one of the following gives the correct distance between the light house and a ship, when the lighthouse whose height 100 m is visible just above the horizon from the ship? (a) 30.68 km (b) 36.50 km

(c) 38.54 km (d) 40.54 km

If . we1gt1ta quantity A has a weight of 3, then theof A/3 will be (a) 28 (b) 27(c) 24 (d) 21

... ✓n-• iS 300 m

0/0

u The radius of a simple circular curv� is 30 m.and the length of its specified chor The degree of the curve is (a) 5.73° (b) 5.37°

(c) 3.57° (d) 3.75°

. between0)-!U-The residual error is the difference

f quantity• (a) true value and observed value O

� value of (b) most probable value and observe

a quantity Iue of a (c) most probable value and true va

quantity ( d) none of the above

· n metres for a�he correction due to curvature 1

distance 'a is given by: (a) 0.0112 02 (b) 0.0673 02

(c) 0.0785 02 (d) 0.0587 02

OJ.83Th.e relationship between the probable error of single observation (Es) and the probable error of the mean (Em) is:

(a) Em =

Es n

(c) Em = _§_ (d) E = _5_ n213 . m 2n112

where, n = number of observations made

o.JB<Bowditch's rule is applied to:(a) An open traverse for graphical adjustment(b) A closed traverse for adjustment of closing error(c) Determination of the effect of local attraction( d) none of the above

�e imaginary line joining the centre of diaphragmand optical centre of the objective of a telescopeis called: (a) Axis of Telescope(b) Line of Collimation

)9) Line of sight (d) None of theseg;ffi6 Tacheometric formula for horizontal distances

using inclined sights through angle 0 is obtainedby multiplying (a) the constants by sin2 0(b) the constants by cos2 0(c) the constants by cos 0(d) the multiplying constant by cos2 0 and

additive constant by cos 0

0_ 18; Two bubble tube A _and Bare filled with water/ and alcohol respectively. Which of the following

is the correct statement? (a) Sensitivity of B is more than A(b) Sensitivity of A is more than a(c) Sensitivity of A and Bare same(d) All of these

Q . .!§BJhe erro� eli�inated by face left and face rightY observation 1n a theodolite is

(a) Index error (b) eccentricity error(c) both of the above (d) None of these

Q.1 Bq,{_atitude and ?epartu_re of a station with respect7 to the preceding station is called

. (a) dependent coordinates (b) consecutive coordinates(c) both of the above( d) None of these

Q.190 In the movable hair method of tacheometric-

surveying (a) the staff intercept vary(b) the stadia interval is constant(c) both the staff intercept and stadia interval

are constant O)�\ -o(d) none of the above 5,\--C\� ➔.

,\f'."1M_�� � ..._.

1.

.;,ucr

� the weight of an angle ).'1;, 3 and weight· of angle B is 4, what will be the_ weight of

(3A - B + 90°)?(a) 1/7(c) 4/13

(b) 1

(d) 91

0)82Area enclosed in a contour may be determined by means of (a) Periscope (b) Planimeter(c) Pantograph ( d) Ghat Tracer

0.�ln a plane table surveying, three point problemcannot be solved if the plane table is (a) outside the great circle(b) on the circumference of the great circle(c) within the great circle(d) within the great triangle

Q,�e difference between the most probable value of a quantity and its observed value is (a) True error (b) Mean error(c) Conditional error (d) Residual error

0.195 The linear method of laying out a simple circular-----, curve is

(a) Rankine's method of deflection angle(b) Two theodolite method

· (c) Tacheometric method(d) Chain and tape method

0 }88Subtanse bar is an instrument used for (a) Levelling(b) Measurement of horizontal distance in plain

areas(c) Measurement of horizontal distance in

undulating areas(d) Measurement of angles

Q.197 Total angle of deflection of a transition curve is..,,..-- given by

(a) a(c) a/3

(b) a/2(d) a/4

where a = spiral angle

Q.1o/which of the following scales is largest one?· "7

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(�) 1 cm= 50 m (b) 1 : 42000

1 (c) R.F. =300000

(d) 1 cm= 50 km

�9"Theory of probability is applied to (a) accidental errors only(b) cumulative errors only(c) both accidental and cumulative errors(d) none of the above

Q:}06An invar tape is made of an alloy of (a) Copper and Steel(b) Brass and Nickel(c) Brass and Steel

. (d) Nickel and Steel

Q� main object of running a tie line is (a) to check accuracy of work(b) to take details of nearby objects(c) to take offsets for detailed surveying(d) none of the above

q;ofue angle of intersection of the two plane mirrorsof an optical square is (a) 2ff (b) 45°

(c) fff (d) g:y

� allowable length of an offset depends upon the (a) degree of accuracy required(b) method of setting out the perpendiculars and

nature of ground(c) scale of plotting(d) all of the above

�;��===�:----Q,�e correction for sag is(a) always additive.

(b) taking both face observati and taking themean of the two.

(b) always subtractive(c) always zero. (d) sometimes d a ditive and sometimessubtractive.

�05 e m . ( )

ax1mum tolerance in a 20 m chain isa ±2 mm (b) ±3 mm (c) ±5 mm (d) ±8 mm

Q.2�For accu_rate work, the steel band should always/ be used in preference to chain because the steel

band (a) is higher than chain.(b) is easier to handle.(c) i� practically inextensible and is not liable to

kinks when in use. (d) can be easily repaired in the field.

Q� the quadrantal bearing of a line is N 250 Wthen the whole circle bearing of the line is(a) S 25° E (b) 205°

(c) 335° (d) 295°

�he horizontal angle between the true meridian· and magnetic meridian at a place is called

(a) azimuth (b) declination(c) local attraction (d) magnetic bearing

�he_ proce�s- of tur_ning the telescope about thevertical axis In horizontal plane is known as (a) transiting (b) reversing(c) plunging (d) swinging

Q.210 Size of a theodolite is specified by_, (a) the length of telescope

(b) the diameter of vertical circle(c) the diameter of lower plate(d) the diameter of upper plate

Q.211 A telescope is said to be inverted if its --.. (a) vertical circle is to its right and the bubble of

the telescope is down.(b) vertical circle is to its right and the bubble of

the telescope is up.(c) vertical circle is to its left and the bubble of

the telescope is down. (d) vertical circle is to its left and the bubble of

the telescope is up.

Q.212 The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer__.;.- axes can be eliminated by

(a) reading both verniers and taking the mean ofthe two.

(c) double sighting. (d) taking mean of several readings distributed

over different portions of the graduated circle.

Q.213 Height of instrument method of levelling is

J(a) more accurate than rise and fall method.

(b) less accurate than rise and fall method.

(c) quicker and less tedious for large number ofintermediate sights.

( d) none of the above

_9:2-14 The slope correction for a length of 30 m along agradient of 1 in 20, is (a) 3.75 cm (b) 0.375 cm(c) 37.5 cm (d) 2.75 cm

Q.215 The imaginary l ine passing through theJ intersection of cross hairs and the optical centre

__. of the objective, is known as (a) line of sight (b) line of collimation(c) axis of the telescope(d) none of these

� Th� r�al image of an object formed by theobJect1ve, must lie (a) in the plane of cross hairs(b) at the centre of the telescope(c) at the optical centre of the eye-piece(d) anywhere inside the telescope

�e tangent to the liquid surface in a level tube,is parallel to the axis of the level tube at(a) every point of the bubble (b) either end of the bubble(c) the mid-point of the bubble(d) no where

9.:_g.:t,a-ihe sensitiveness of a level tube d ·t ( ) d.

ecreases 1 a ra ius of curvature of i·t . .

. s inner surface Isincreased

(b) diameter of the tube i·s i·n ( )

creasedc length of the vapour bub bl . . (d) both • .

e 1s increased . v1scos1ty and surface tension areincreased

O.21-ifDuring levelling if back . . / (a) the forw d . sight is more than foresight

ar staff is at lower point (b) the back staff is at I . ( )

ower point c the difference in 1 1 (d) none of these

eve · cannot be ascertained

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).234 The distance between terminal points computed :;...---' from a subsidiary traverse run between them, is

generally known, as (a) traverse leg(c) traverse b�se

(b) a base( d) all the above

Q.235 To avoid large centering error with very short legs,...__ observations are generally made

(a) to chain pins(b) by using optical system for centering the

theodolite(c) to a target fixed on theodolite tripod on which

theodolite may be fitted easily(d) all the above

Q.23�normal altitude of GPS satellite is about/ (a) 16,200 km (b) 20,200 km

(c) 24,400 km (d) 36,100 km

Q.23yCentering error of a theodolite produces an error� (a) in all angles equally

(b) which does not vary with the direction or pointing(c) which varies with the direction of pointing and

inversely with the length of sight(d) none of these

Q.238 In horizontal angles, the error due to imperfect,---- levelling of the plate bubble is

(a) large when sights are nearly level(b) large for long sights(c) less for steeply inclined sights(d) large for steeply inclined sights

Q.239 In tangential tacheometry, an ordinary level staff__ ---,(. s uwd

(a) leaning towards the instrument for inclinedsights upward

(b) IE;aning away from the instrument for inclinedsights downwards

(c) vertical in ali cases( d) none of these

� The maY.imurn Sun's radiation occurs around:(a) 0.4 µrn wavelength _./ (b) 0.55 µrn wavelenr�th

(c) 0. 7 µm wavelength(d) None of these

Q,2-V,, The maximum absorption of solar radiation due

J to ozone occurs at wavelengths: (a) shorter than 0.3 µm

(b) shorter than 0.2 µm(c) greater than 0.3 µm( d) None of these

Q.24Z'Polarising angle (i) and refractive index(µ) of the;.../ reflecting surface are related by ·'

(a) sini = µ (b) cosi = µ

(c) tani = µ (d) tani = _!µ

Q.243 The value of energy quantum for radiation of any.---,-frequency is proportional to

(a) the frequency(b) the reciprocal of the energy(c) the square of the frequency(d) the square root of the frequency

Q.244 Snow albedo is affected by/ (a) wavelength

(b) solar zenith angle(c) snow pack thickness( d) All of these

Q.245 In sun-light water poor in phyto plank tons...--- appears:

(a) deep blue(c) green

(b) red(d) yellow

Q.246 With the increase of turbidity, the muddy water---7 appears brown due to the shift of the upward

radiance peak towards (a) red (b) green(c) yellow (d) blue

Q.247 The refractive index of the ocean water� (a) increases with salinity

(b) increases with temperature(c) decreases with salinity(d) decreases with temperature

9-248'Which one of the following attributes is not associated with digital maps (a) colour (b) symbology(c) legends {d) south arrow

Y4Q A passive sensor uses (a) su� as the source of energy(b) fla§h light as a source of energy(c) its own source of energy(d) none of these

� The GPS space segment consists of Navigatiofl;Satellite Timing and Ranging whose number is (a) 8 (b) 12(c) 16 {d) 24

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1 The plan of a survey plotted to a scale of 1 o m to25

;-cm is reduced in such a way that a line/originally

/ 1o cm long now measures 9 cm. The area of thereduced plan is measured as 81 cm2

. The actualarea (m2) of the survey is (a) 10000 (b) 6561

Codes: p

(a) 3(b) 2(c) 1(d) 3

a 2 4

2 1

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1 4

3 1 4 3 2 4

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I (c) 1000 (d) 656eJ54 The staff reading taken on a workshop floor using I

252 Which of the following statements is FALSE? a level is 0.645 m. The inverted staff reading I

7(a) Plumb line is along the direction of gravity . taken to the bottom of a beam is 2.960 m. The I

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(b) Mean Sea Level (MSL) is used as a reference reduced level of the floor is 40.500 m. The I

surface for establishing the horizontal control \J"Qjy\\ � reduced level (expressed in m) of the bottom of I

(c) Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a simplification of the beam is the Geoid (a) 44.105

(d) Geoid is an equi-potential surface of gravity (c) 42.815

_253Group-l lists tool/instrument while Group-II lists the method of surveying. Match the tool/ instrument with the corresponding method of surveying.

Group-I P. Alidadea. ArrowR. Bubble tubeS. Stadia hair

Group-II 1 . Chain surveying 2. Levelling3. Plain table surveying4. Theodolite surveying

(b) 43.460

(d) 41.145

1. (a) 2. (d)

9. (a) 10. (d)

17. (b) 18. (a)

25. (b) 26. (a)

33. (c) 34. (c)

41. (c) 42. (c)

49. (d) 50. (c)

57. (b) 58. (b)

65. (d) 66. (c)

73. (d) 74. (b)

81. (b) 82. (b)

89. (b) 90. (d)

97. (d) 98. (b)

105. (d) 106. (d)

113. (a) 114. (c)

121. (c) 122. (b)

129. (c) 130. (b)

137. (a) 138. (d)

145. (c) 146. (d)

153. (c) 154. (a)

161. (c) 162. (b)

169. (d) 170. (d)

177. (d) 178. (c)

185. (b) 186. (c)

193. (c) 194. (d)

201. (b) 202. (h)

209. (d) 210. {c)

217. (c) 218. (d)

225. (a) 226. (a)

233. (d) 234. (c)

241. (a) 242. (c)

249. (a) 250. (d)

3.

11.

19.

27.

35.

43.

51.

59.

67.

75.

83.

91.

99.

107.

115.

123.

131.

139.

147.

155.

163.

171.

179.

187.

195.

203.

211.

219.

227.

235.

243.

251.

(a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a)

(a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b)

(a) 20. (c) 21. (c) 22. (c)

(d) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (b)

(d) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (c)

(c) 44. (b, c) 45. (d) 46. (c)

(b) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (a)

(a) 60. (b) 61. (a) 62. (b)

(a) 68. (d) 69. (a) 70. (d)

(d) 76. (b) 77. (b) 78. (b)

(c) 84. (d) 85. (a) 86. (d)

(b) 92. (b) 93. (c) 94. (b)

(b) 100. (a) 101. (a) 102. (c)

(b) 108. (d) 109. (c) 110. (b)

(d) 116. (c) 117. (a) 118. (c)

(b) 124. (b) 125. (d) 126. (a)

(d) 132. (b) 133. (b) 134. (a)

(d) 140. (a) 141. (b) 142. (d)(a) 148. (d) 149. (c) 150. (c)(a) 156. (d) 157. (a) 158. (c)(d) 164. (b) 165. (c) 166. (a)(d) 172. (a) 173. (a) 174. (a)(b) 180. (a) 181. (b) 182. (c)(a) 188. (a) 189. (c) 190. (d)(d) 196. (c) 197. (c) 198. (a)(d) 204. (t>) 205. (c) 206. (c)(a) 212. (a) 213. (c) 214. (a)(b) 220. (a) 221. (d) 222. (b)(b) 228. (l>) 229. (c) 230. (c)(c) 236. (b) 237. (c) 238. (d)(a) 244. (cJ) 245. (a) 246. (a)(a) 252. (b) 253. (d) 254. (a)

7. (d) 8. (bJ

15. (b) 16. (<1J

23. (d) 24. (0)

31. (a) 32. (�,)

39. (c) 40. (d)

47. (a) 48. (d)

55. (c) 56. (a)

63. (a) 64. (b)

71. (a) 72. (d)

79. (d) 80. (d)I

87. (d) 88. (c) I

95. (c) 96. (d)I

I 103. (d) 104. (c) I

111. (d) 112. (b)I

I 119. (d) 120. (d) I

127. (a) 128. (c) I

I 135. (a) 136. (a) I

143. (d) I 144. (d)I

151. (d) 152. (d)I

159. (b) 160. (b) I

I 167. (a) 168, (b)I

175. (a) 176. (d) I

I183. (b) 184. (b)I

191. (c) 192. (b) I

I 199. (a) 200. (d)I 207. (c) 208. (b)I

215. (b) 216. (a) I

I 223. (c) 224. (d)I

231. (d) 232. (c) I 239. (c) 240. (b) I

I 247. (a) 248, (d)I

I J I

I

ANSWER-

_ -,

Ill (a)

To determine the length of a bridge across a wide

river, it will not be possible to use the chainsurveying due to the obstruction in chaining. Heretacheometer can be easily used for ranging therod and read the staff placed on other bank.

El (d)

A he!iograph is a wireless solar telegraph that signals by flashes of sunlight reflected by a mirror. The he!iograph was simple and effective instrument for optical communication over long distances curing ,ate 19th and early 20th century.

El (a)

A pr::>jection that preserves the correct shapes of sr..a!: areas is called as conformal projections. A cor:formal projection maintains all angles at each

·n+.

El (a)

E:ry, ,ih:ch may occur in both directions (i.e. both positive and negative) and which finally tend to co;;lj)e sate are known as compensating errors. h<?<"-,e errors do not affect survey work seriously.

m {d)

B

h:

A C ·c-- D

Slope correction. c,,

Cn ;;;;: / ( 1 - COSIJ) Th,s c�n' · '· a oe approx1rnatecJ as,

t?-c = -

r, 21_

Clogging of chain rings will reduce ll 1e chain lengthand due to lesser chain Iengtr1 the correction willbe negative. Thereby, error will be positive andthat too cumulative as chain will be st1ortened forentire project work.

m (d)'

For long sights, the curvature of earth affects staff

readings. The line of sight is horizontal, but the

level line is curved and parallel to the mean

spheroidal surface. Rays of light are refracted when they pass through layers of air of varying density. On an average, the refraction correction is taken as one-seventh of the curvature correction.

m (a)·_

Intersection method is suitable for objects at large distances and for locating inaccessible points by the intersection of the rays drawn from two instrument stations.

m (b) __ The function of the alidade is to sight objects. The rays should be drawn along the fiducial edge. There are two types of alidade: (i) Plain alidade(ii) Telescopic alidade

m (d)

By the principle of equalising backsight and foresight distance i.e. placing the level exactly midway between two points then the errors due toinclined collimation line, curvature and refractionare automatically eliminated. But in case of river orvalley, it is not possible to set up the level midwaybetween two points on opposite banks. In suchcase, the method of reciprocal levelling is adopted.

m (bl Bocm.,se curvature corrnction is always negative1:uiU rnfraction correction is always positive. Itelrrn1nat0 partially because refraction correction ison0-sov0ntt1 or curvature correction.

m (a)

BS_ IS. F.S_

0 695----c------

------1.525

� 2.395 t---------0805 0.605

0.125

/

El<�>·�:Pl��e table surveying is the graphical method of surveying. Here, the field work and plotting are done simultaneously and such survey work does not involve the use of a field book. Hence, requires least office work.

El <c>1 No linear measurements are required in hilly areas.

m (d):

The three point problem consists of locating theposition of plane table station on the drawing sheetby means of observation of three well-definedpoints, whose positions have already been plotted.

m (b):

By the Bowditch's rule, the total error (in latitudeor departure) is distributed in proportion to thelengths of the traverse legs. This is the mostcommon method of traverse adjustment.m (a)�

Ea (d)

Slope and tension corrections are required in chainsurvey ing only, not in tacheometric survey.m (b)_

The radius of curve for 30 m chain,

m (c)

L' 200 = 200.8 X 20

L' = 19.92 m

Distance of observer from the lighthouse, d =. 3.885 (jh; + /;:;;)

= 3.885(J3fJ + Fa)= 33.56 km

m (c)

Sometimes the lemniscate curve is used over spiralcurve for the following reasons: • It's radius of curvature decreases more gradually,• The rate of increase of curvature reduces

towards the end of the transition curve. • It resembles an autogenous curve of anautomobile, i.e. the path actually traced byan automobile when turning freely.

m (d)

Any surface parallel to the mean spherical surfaceof the earth is called as /eve/ surface.m (c)

R=�_1720 Degree of curve - 7"o = 1720 m

:. Bearing of line CO= 210°l3 (cf:

a (b)

Length of vertical curve,

El <a>_.

L- 1.5-(-0.5) -�><20 = 200m

True length = Measured length x t;_L

We know that, o = 3.885 -fh02 h=-:---

-,..

(3.885)2

a (d),h = 0.067 02

• Topog h. rap ,ca/ map shows hills valleys rivers,forests, etc. ' ' • Cadasta/ ma h h P s ows boundaries of fields, • ou�es and other properties. Engineering m . aps shows roads ra,·iways ·reservoir · • , , irrigation canals t I e C,.

liJ (a). . .

The whole area Is first enclosed by main stationsand main survey lines. The area is then dividedinto a number of parts by forming well conditionedtriangles. During this procedure, if there is anyerror in the measurement of any side of a trianglethen it will not affect the whole work. The error canalways be detected and eliminated.

II (d)

Wrong scaleTrue length = C x Measured lengthorrect scale

m (b)· w2

L3

Sag correction = 24P2

This correction is always negative

m(d). In a whole circle system, the bearing of a line ismeasured always clockwise from the north pointof the reference meridian towards the line rightaround the circle.

m (a).

A

where,

a (d)

CI:!,. = Deflection angle I= Included angleI:!,.= 180°-/

The details of inaccessible objects visible atleastfrom transit stations can be located by the anglesfrom two different stations.

II (d),

Check for reduced levels:'f.BS - "f.FS = r, Rise - 'I. Fall

= R.L. of last point-R.L. of first point

El(b) The telescopic alidade consists of a telescopemeant for inclined sight or sighting distant objectsclearly.

m (a). Characteristic equation for the tacheometer is,

D = (fl X s + (f + d)

where, ( fl = Multiplying constant

(f + d) = Additive constant

m (d)

The multiplying constant (;) for the tacheometer is

generally kept as 100 by fitting it with anallactic lens.

m (b) Area by using trapezoidal rule,

A= � [(01 +On)+ 2(02 + 03 + ... +On- 1)]

Ell (d)

1 Simpson's 3

rd rule,

A= 1 [(01 +On)+ 4(02 + 04 "+ ... ) + 2(03 + 05 + ... )]

m (b) The distance measured right or left of the chainline to locate details like boundaries, culverts etc.are called offsets. These are of two types:(i) Perpendicular offsets at right angles to the

chain line(ii) oblique offsets not at right angles to the chain

line

£I (bl,

1 inch = 2.54 cm1 feet = 0.3048 m

Given that 1 inch = 50 ft.⇒ 2.54 cm = 50 x 0.3048 m

15.24 ⇒ 1 cm = --m = 6 m2.54

m (c).

0A

CB

D

m (d)';

ch = BC = AC - AB

= (/secs - /) = /(secs - 1)

Topographical maps were printed on 1: 2,50,000

1: 50 ,000 and 1: 25,000 scales by survey of India before the adoption of nation mapping policy in 2005.

El<d>: If the fore bearings of a line is given as the quadrantal bearing, then back bearing is numerically equal to the fore bearing. However Nchanges to Sand E changes to Wand vice versa.

m (b)

In the loose needle method, the direction of the magnetic meridian is established at each traverse station and the direction of the line is determined with reference to the magnetic meridian. In other words, the magnetic bearing of each line is determined directly. A theodolite fitted with a compass is used for determining the magnetic bearing of the traverse line. The loose needle method is also known as free needle method.

Cl (b)-The magnetic needle is attached to a graduated

aluminium ring. The ring is graduated from 0° to 360? . Degrees are subdivided into half degrees.

m (a)

II/l! (a)

True bearing = S 30° E + 6° W = S 36° E

In transit theodolite, any incidental error due to eccentricity of verniers is primarily counteracted by reading both the verniers.

m (c) Transiting the Telescope : It is the process of rotating the telescope over the horizontal axis through 180° in the vertical plane. The directions of the objective end and eyepiece are reversed, and the telescope points exactly in the opposite direction. It is also known as plunging or reversing.

Swinging the Telescope : It is the process ofturning the telescope about the vertical axis in ahorizontal plane. The swing is called right swing �when the telescope is turned clockwise from theprevious position. The swing is called left swingwhen the telescope is turned anticlockwise frornthe previous position.

11D _(d);1 (i) Radiation method is suitable only when the

area to be surveyed is small and all thestations are visible and accessible from theinstrument station.

(ii) Traversing is most suited when a narrow stripof terrain is to be surveyed e.g. survey ofroads, railway etc.

(iii) Intersection method is preferred when thedistance between stations is large or the �stations are inaccessible or the ground isundulating.

(iv) Resection is used when some importantdetails can be plotted easily by choosing anystation other than the triangulation station.

m (c)(

�: Two arithmetic checks in collimation method.

r.BS - r.FS = Last RL - First RL

Three arithmetic checks in rise and fall method. r.BS - r.FS = Last RL - First RL

= r.Rise - r.Fall

m (d); Systematic or cumulative errors which occurs from well understood causes can be reduced by adopting suitable methods. It follows some definite mathematical or physical law and a correction can be determined and applied. Accidental errors are those which remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated and are caused by a combination of reasons beyond the ability of the observer to control.

� Personal errors arise from the limitations of the i human senses such as sight, touch and hearing. I Both accidental and personal error represent the .,limit of precision in the determination of a value. They obey the law of probability and therefore I

theory of errors and adjustments applies to them. � ..' ·i.

lf.lllfd'iI �. Cross sectioning is done to determine elevation

of point in direction perpendicular to centre line

and Profile levelling is done to determine elevation

. of points along the centre line. Cross sectioning and Profile levelling is used for projects related to sewers, pipelines, highways, railways, canals etc.

-(�� . . Levelling by balancing backs1ght and fore-sightdistances can eliminate collimation error. Error due to curvature and refraction can be eliminated by equalizing FS and BS distances orby reciprocal levelling.

m·(df: A change point is the point selected on the route before shifting the instrument. The change point is also called a turning point. The staff is kept on the turning point and a foresight is taken before shifting the instrument. The staff should not be moved when the instrument is being shifted. After the instrument has been shifted and set up at the new location, a back sight is taken on the staff still held at the change point.

m foJ

� h

p= 1.824; h

0 = 2.748

h; = 0.928; he{ = 1.606 Correct difference of elevation between P and Q is

h = (ho - hf:,) + (ho -hp)

=

2 (1.606 - 0.928) + (2. 7 48 -1.824)

2 = 0.801 m

:. The reduced level of Q

= (140.815-0.801) = 140.014 m

rm (bf A contour line is an imaginary line which connects Points of equal elevation. Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of several points in the area. The contour lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two consecutive lines constant.

llll•(d( Plane table surveying cannot be done in rainy season and wet climatic conditions.

Im (b)�:Mid-ordinate and Average ordinate methods are used with the assumption that the boundaries between the extremities of the ordinates are straight lines. Trapezoidal method is based on the assumption that the figures are trapezoids. The method is more accurate than the above two methods. Simpson's method assumes that the short lengths of the boundaries between the ordinates are parabolic arcs. This method is more useful when the boundary line departs considerably from the straight line. The results obtained by use of Simpson's method in all cases are more accurate.

DD (a)

In the mass-haul curve, the maximum ordinate of any loop represents the total quantity of earthwork to be moved from cut to fill. The area bounded by a loop of the mass diagram and the base line/ balance line measure the haul in that section.

mJ (c)

111 (d) .:

Area A= nr2

aA ar- = 2nr--A r

oA

A = 2n x 80 x 0.05

Error = ± 12.56 m2

There are five types of verniers in practice: (i) Direct Vernier: It has divisions which are

slightly shorter than those of the main scale. (ii) Retrograde Vernier: It has divisions which

are slightly longer than those of the main scale.

(iii) Double Vernier: It is used when the graduations on the main scale are numbered in both the directions. The double vernier extends in both the directions with the index mark in the centre. Intact a double vernier is a combination of two direct verniers.

(iv) Double Folded Vernier: It is a special type of double vernier whose total length is one­h a If of the combined length of the corresponding double vernier. It is used whenit is required to keep the length of the verniershort.

(v) Extended Vernier: In this type of vernier ndivisions of the vernier scale are equal inlength to (2n - 1) divisions of the main scale.An abney level has an extended type of vernierwith a least count of 5' or 10'.

a =! n 6

For the curve to be transitional throughout, the maximum polar deflection angle must be equal to 1 6

of the deflection angle between the initial

tangents.

ma (a)

I

---------f

,{----�1---------t L/2 LJ2

R R

Mid ordinate, M = R- ✓R2 -(L/2)2

- 5<;-;=-- ✓(50)2 - (60/2)2 = 10 m

/>Jternatively, Length of long chord,

==>

L = 2Rsin !.__ 2

00 = 2 x 50 sin !...2

. I s,n - = 06 2 I = 36.Br 2

Mid ordinate, M = R( 1- cos-fl

R . I = verstn -2 = 50 X ( 1 - COS 36.87°) = 50 X 0.2 = 10 m

a (c).

Length of vertical curve

Total change of grade = _ __:__:::...:.=::....:.-�---;:-�---;-

Perm i ss i b I e rate of change of

grade per chain length

Total change of grade= Difference of gradients::: 91 - 92 r = Permissible rate of change of grade/chain length

. 91 -g2 Length of vertical curve = r

mJ (d)

This method is called trilateration. The first satellite locates you somewhere on a sphere (top left of Figure). The second satellite narrows your location to a circle created by the intersection of the two satellite spheres (top right). The third ,

Isatellite reduces the choice to two possible points (bottom left). Finally, the forth satellite helps , calculate a timing and location correction and. selects one of the remaining two points as your : position (bottom right).

.Sat 3

Im (d) IIf a quantity of given weight is divided by a factor, the weight of the result is obtained by multiplying� its given weight by the square of that factor. Angle a has weight of 2

A · fWeight of

3 = 2 x (�)2

= 18J i

lfll xmiIn subtense bar method, a bar of fixed length,

called a subtence bar is placed in horizontalp�· The angle subt�nded by two target points, corresponding to fixed distance on subtense bar, at the instrument station is measured. The distance between the subtence bar and the instrument is computed from the known distance between the targets and the measured horizontal angle . So the-re will be no refraction error.

L = 2R sin 0/2

Em (b).

For better accuracy in measuring and plotting the sides of a triangle by triangulation, the angles of triangle (i) should not be less than 30°

(ii) should not be more than 120°

m (a)' Cadastral survey is used to plot the details such as boundaries of fields, houses and property lines in rural and urban areas. These are also known as public land surveys. Photogrammetry is used to produce a mosaic or map by compiling the photographs. Aerial survey covers photogrammetry and photo-interpretation both.

mJ (a),

(180° - 146°30')

B

C

Included angle ABC

ml (c)-·:

= ( 180° - 146°30') + 68°30' = 102"

Geodetic surveying is the type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into consideration and a very high standard of accuracy is maintained. It is used for large areas like survey of a country.

ml (d>,;Local mean time difference

= 42° 36'

15 = 2 hr 50 min 24 sec

Since local place is west of greenwich, LMT is less than GMT. LMT = GMT - 2 hr 50 min 24 sec GMT= LMT + 2 hr 50 min 24 sec

Im (b).

= 8 hr 42 min 15 sec + 2 hr 50 min 24 sec = 11 hr 32 min 39 sec AM

The process of locating intermediate points on survey line is known as ranging. Types:

(i) Direct ranging: If first and last points areintervisible

(ii) Indirect or reciprocal levelling: If there isobstruction between first and last point so thatthey are not intervisible.

Im (b)-� Check line: Line which is run to check the accuracy. Tie line: Line which joins subsidiary or tie stations on the main line . Base line: The largest of the main survey line is called as base line.

ID (a) 1

Offsets are lateral measurements from base line to fix the position of different objects with respect to the base line. There are two types of offsets: (i) Perpendicular offset(ii) Oblique offset

m (a)

Large scale maps are more detailed compared tosmall scale maps.

m (a)

Im (a)

d = Scos eCorrection = S - d

= S(1 - cose)d

Diagonal scale is used in engineering to readlengths with higher accuracy as it represents aunit into three different multiple in metres,centimeters and millimeters. Through Diagonalscale, measurements can be up to seconddecimal places.

m! (d)

Chain survey is the simplest method of surveying.In this survey only measurements are taken in thefield, and the rest work, such as plotting calculationetc. are done in the office. This is most suitableadapted to small plane areas with very few detailsand ground fairly levelled.

DD (d)

There are two methods for determining horizontaldistance on sloping ground.1. Direct Method - This method is also known as

"Stepping Method".2. Indirect method:

Im (d)

(a) By measure of inclination(b) By measuring difference of levels(c) By hypotenuse allowance

The following are some of the positive errors: • The length of chain is shorter than the standardlength due to bending of links, removal ofconnecting rings and knots in links • The temperature is lower than at which thetape was calibrated.

• Not applying sag correction. • Sag takes place due to self-weight of the chain.• Incorrect alignment

ml (d)

A Well-conditioned triangle has its angles varyingbetween 30° to 120°.

Im (d)

Steps of chain survey are:(i) Map study(ii) Reconnaissance survey

(iii) Running survey(�✓) Marking survey

(a}

ec ion is always negative. These areSiope corr . ccur, ·n e same direction and tend to!table 10 o

e 1ce c m 1.::1 i e in nature.accum •I. e,

[CJ (d)

It I k O I t,· ,

100 !in, = 20, cllain length

0 11 _ ?�- x O m = O. 16 rn- 100 7

:. Co r -c :) a c· =

x . eas red area2 =

( 20

2� 16 J x ( 00) acre = 101 .6 acre

Im (c)

Wr1ile measuring horizon al distance along a slope,error comes and s!ope correction is to be applied.More the slope, more error to be encountered.Hence when the slope increases, the steps mustdecrease to minimise the error.

mn (d)

Offsets are taken perpendicular to the chain line.In this case offsets will be taken along the E-Wdirection which is sloping. It is possible to setoffsets correctly on both sides, provided slopecorrection is applied to the measured length ofoffsets.

Im (c)

Difference between face left and face rightobservation = 3' '

a (a): J Theodolite is a surveying instrument with a rotating 1

telescope for measuring horizontal and vertical iangles. :,,i 'J

'I

llft!l'_(_:�t\ Direct ranging is possible only when the end

P N stations are inter visible.

167°

w----'l<-r---E

s

8 = 180° - 167° = 13° w

C

N I

I

I

I

: 52.30°

s

Angle between AB and AC

B

= 52° 30' + 360° - 328° 45' = 83° 45'

mJ (a)�

N ' I '' I

W---------- � �---· E : 1

s From the figure. Magnitude of error= .J1 2

+ 12 = J2.mTrue bearing = N 45° E

m (b) The angle between the magnetic meridian and true meridian is the magnetic declination.

ra (b).

The process of establishing or developingintermediate points between two terminal pointsor end points on a straight line is known as ranging.Ranging is of two types:Direct Ranging The ranging in which intermediate ranging rods are Placed in a straight line by direct observation from either end.

Indirect Ranging

The ranging in which intermediate points are interpolated by reciprocal ranging or running an auxiliary line. Indirect ranging is done where end points are not visible and the ground is high.

m (b)_: "Swinging left" means the process of turning the telescope about the vertical axis in the horizontal plane in anticlockwise direction from the previous position.

Im Cdl·, Length is not measured using compass. Compass only gives the direction of a line.

rm (bf:Magnetic declination or variation is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along � meridian towards the geographic North Pole).

m<aJ Magnetic dip results from the tendency of a magnet to align itself with lines of magnetic field. As the Earth's magnetic field lines are not parallel to the surface, the north end of a compass needle will point downward in the northern hemisphere (positive dip) or upward in the southern hemi�phere (negative dip). The range of dip is from -90 degrees (at the South Pole) to +90

degrees (at the North Pole) . Magnetic dip is zero at the equator.

m (a)

Line of sight : is defined as the intersection of the cross hairs and the optical centre of theobjective lens. Line of collimation: Line joining the intersection of the cross-hairs to the optical centre of the objective and its continuation. Axis of telescope: line joining the optical centre of the objective to the centre of the eyepiece.

I I I I I

! l l

i � � � i �

�

'

�i

ii I,· __ ·_:·. ' ·,

.·. Back bearing of

Fly levelling is done to determine approximate elevations of different points. It is generally used for the reconnaissance of the area for approximate checking of levels.

m (d)

Differential levelling is performed when the distance between two points is more. In this process, number of inter stations are located and instrument is shifted to each station and observed the elevation of inter station points. Finally difference between original two points is determined.

mB (d)

Increase in radius of the inner surf ace of the bubble tube increases the sensitiveness. If both viscosity and surface tension are increased, then the movement of the bubble will be resisted and thus sensitivity will decrease.

m! (a)

Hydrographic survey are conducted on or near the water body, such as lakes, river.

mJ (a)'

Bowditch's method is based on the assumption that the error in l inear measurements are proportional to Ji and that the errors in angular

measurements are inversely proportional to Ji

where l is the length of line. 1

:. ei oc Ji and e2 oc

Ji

Hence option (a) is correct.liZJ(d)

A

49°

52

Fore bearing of

AB = 180° - 49° 52' = 130° 8' (> 180°)

= 130° 8' + 180° = 310° 8'(whoie circle) or N 49° 52'W

Hence option (d) is correct.

m (b)

d = 3.85✓h

d = 3.85 100 = 38.5 km

A = 3 (\ eigl1t)

Weight of A = 3 x (3)" = 27 3 Hence op ron (b) r correct.

m (a)

C

A -1Sm :o '

R R= 300m

0

inMOO, sin(�) =15

300=0.05

oo

2 = 2.860

[Y = 5.73°

Hence option (a) is correct.

DD {b)

True error: It is the difference between true valueand measured value.Me�n e�ror: It is the average error of a quantityduring different-different observations.�onditional error: This type of error always occurs1n same direction.Residual error: It is the difference between themoSt Probable value of a quantity and its obseNedvalue. Hence option (b) is correct.

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1 68. B

£!1 icl]A d

Line of sight

R

0

In tiOAB,

R2 + d2 = ( R + CC) 2

R2 + d2 = R 2 + C 2 + 2R C Cc

d2 = Cc(2R + Cc)

d2 C =­

c ·2R ·: (2R + Cc� 2R)

Radius of earth is approximately 6370 km

C = C

d2 x 1000 (m) 2x6370

= -0.0785 d2 (m)

Hence option ( c) is correct.

mJ(b):·

The relationship between the probable error of single observation (E5) and the probable error ofthe mean (E

m) is equals to

E � Em

= fr,= 0.6745Vn{n-1)

where, n = difference between any single

measurement and mean of the series

n = no. of observations

Im (b)Bandwidth rule is also called as compass rule. It

is used to balance a traverse when the linear and

angular measurements are equally precise.

a (c):

B

L

For incline line of sight,

L = k(S cos 0) + C

· Horizontal distance,

Im (a).

D = Lcose

D = k(Scose) cose + cose C

D = cos20 kS + cose C

Sensitivity of bubble tube depends upon viscosity of liquid

Viscosity of water

= 8.90 x 1 o-4 N-s/m2

Viscosity of alcohol

= 5.6 x 1 o-4 N-s/m2

Hence sensitivity of B (less viscous) will be more than A

m (a)· If the vertical circle verniers do not read zero when the line of sight is horizontal, the vertical angle measured will be in correct. The error is known as the index error and this can be eliminated by taking both face observations or by applying index correction.

The error is introduced when the zeros of the vernier are not at the ends of the same diameter. Thus, the difference between the two vernier readings will not be 180°, but there will be a constant difference of other than 180° . The error can be eliminated by reading both the vernier and taking the mean of the two. Hence option (a) is correct.

m (�):

Latitude and departure coordinate of any point with reference to the preceding point are equal to latitude and departure of the line joining the preceding point to the point under consideration such coordinate are known as consecutive coordinate. Consecutive coordinates are also known as dependent coordinates. Hence option ( c) is correct.

m (d)

In the movable hair method, staff intercept (S) is kept fixed and stadia interval (i) vary. Hence none of the above (d) is correct.

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__ 1_ : 3.33 X 10-6

a (c:1,:1-�Gi:�n. A = 3 (weight) ; 8 = 4 (weight)

3 1 Weight of 3A = - = -

32 3

1 4 Weight of 3A- B =

( 1)

= 133+-

4

Weight of 3A- 8 + 90 = 13 Hence option ( c) is correct.

mJlbf A p\animeter is an instrument which measure the area of plan of any shape very accurately.

m ld)_

True error: It is the difference between true value and measured value. Mean error: It is the average error of a quantity during different-different observations. Conditional error: This type of error always occurs in same direction. Residual error: It is the difference between the most probable value of a quantity and its observed value. Hence option ( d) is correct.

ICJ {d)

Rankine's method, two theodolite method andtacheorr.Btric method are angular method.

Elk> A substance bar is manufactured by Mr. Kern.The length of the substance bar is 2 m (6 ft.). It isused for tt1e measurement of comparatively shorthorizontal distance in undulating areas. Asubstance bar may be used as a substance base the length of the bar is made equ:=il to the distanc�between two target.Hence option (c) is correct.

mJ (a)

(i) 150 X 100 = 200 X 1Q-6

(' .. ,) 1 -42_0_0_0 = 23.81 X 1Q-6

(iii) 300000

1 -o2x10--6

(iv) 50 X 1000 X 100 -

Hence option (a) is correct.

m (d}: · · made of alloy of nickel (36%) andlnvar tape 1s

I h ·ng very low coefficient of therrna1stee, av, · It is highly precise and less affectedexpansion.

by temperature.

Em<bf'. .

A chain line joining two tie stations 1s called tieline. It is also called as auxiliary line. These areprovided to locate the interior details which arefar away from the main lines.

m (c) �

The maximum tolerance in a • 5 m chain is ± 3 mm• 20 m chain is ± 5 mm• 30 m chain is ± 8 mm

m ·c�(: For the N25°W quadrantal bearing,

WCB = 360° - 25° = 335°

Em (a)·:

Error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axesmeans that the center of graduated horizontalcircle does not coincide with the center of vernierplate.

EJD (a)·�

Slope correction = rf

h 1x30 = r==='.::::'.1.Sm✓1 + (20)2

:. Slope correction = (1.5)2

= 0 0375 2x30 · m

= 3.75cm

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-�}j----7--�-�-_J----------1

T

1 a

B (FS)

A(BS)

Here, BS reading is more than FS reading a> b

Hence, back staff is at lower point.

&lia(. 180 1 radian = - degree1t

Now,

Em (d(

180 = -x 60 x 60 seconds1t

= 206265 seconds nx

<I>= -R

( ·: n = 1, one graduation)

X . X

d <I>= -radian = -x 206265 secon s R R

A bergschrund is a crevasse that forms where moving glacier ice separates from the stagnant ice. These are most visible in summer when covering snow is gone.

E!3(bl: N

w

60°

A

Em (_b>.l N

B

w

WCB = 360° - 87° == 273°

Em (b).-

GPS satellites fly in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km (12,550 miles). Each satellite circles the earth twice a day.

Em (a)_;

Phytoplankton contains photosynthetically active pigment which strongly absorbs blue. Water rich in phytoplankton appears green, while water that is poor in phytoplankton will appear deep blue in sunlight.

m (a)

Phytoplankton are microscopic plants, which occupy the first link in almost all aquatic and marine food chains. As phytoplankton content increases, the backscattering in the green region, but blue region is absorbed rapidly. As the turbidity increases, the upward radiance peak shifts towards red and that is why one sees muddy water as brown or red.

m (a)

The amount of refraction, referred as refractive index, is affected by both the salinity and temperature of water. The refractive index increases with increase in salinity and decrease in temperature.

Em<a(lThe Sun provides a very convenient source of energy for remote sensing. The Sun's energy is either reflected, as it is visible wavelengths, or absorbed and then re-emitted, as it is for thermal infrared wavelengths. Passive sensors can only be used to detect energy when the naturallyoccurring energy is available. Active sensors have its own source of light oril lumination, but passive sensors measurereflected sunlight emitted from the Sun.

Em (d)':

The GPS satellite constellation consists of 24satellites positioned in six earth-centred orbitalplanes with 4 operational satellites and a sparesatellite slot in each orbital plane. The system cansupport a constellation of upto 30 satellites in orbit.

9 Shrinkage factor

= 10 = 0.9

Reduced plan area

= (Shrinkage factor)2 x Actual plan area => 81 = (0.9)2 x Actual plan area=> Actual plan area = 100 cm2

· Actual area of survey in m2

= 100 X (10)2 = 10000

flD (b);

Mean sea level (MSL) is used as a reference surface for establishing the vertical control.

--

mJ (a)

Height of instrument, HI

= R.L. of floor+ staff reading from flaor

= 40.500 + 0.645

= 41.145 m

R.L. of bottom of beam= HI+ inverted staff reading taken from

bottom of beam = 4 1 . 14 5 + 2. 960

= 44.105m

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251. a