FIBRE TO FABRIC

TYPES OF

YARNS

Silk

Polyester

Nylon

Wool

Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and certain

other animals including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, alpaca, camel from

animals in the camel family,

and angora from rabbits.

Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is crimped, it is elastic,

and it grows in staples (clusters). In the

U.S. the term wool is usually restricted to describing the

fibrous protein derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles in sheep,

although in the U.K. it may be used of any long curling

fiber such as wood wool, wire wool etc.

SOME ANIMALS WHICH GIVES WOOL

BACKGROUNDoThe history of silk production in china dates back to more

than 5,000 years by today, silk moths are commercially for

their cocoons in China, Japan, India and Europe.

oHobbyists all over the world practice sericulture, or

silkworm rearing, as well different species of silk moths

produce threads with different characteristics of color and

texture.

oAccording to the silk road foundation, some species such as

the Chinese silkworm, mori, are entirely domesticated and no

longer found in the wild.

LARVAE

Silkworms pass through five stages during

the larval phase of their lives. These stages

are called "instars." The newly hatched

larvae are silkworm caterpillars in the first

instar. They are very tiny. The Japanese call

them "kego," which means "hairy baby."

They can be fed either commercially

prepared food or fresh leaves.

PUPAEFinally, the larva begins to spin a

cocoon around itself. The cocoon

will be about one inch long. The silk

thread is wound in one continuous

line about 3,000 feet long when it is

later unwound from the cocoon. The

silk moth changes from caterpillar to

moth in about two weeks. If allowed

to hatch out of the cocoon, the

continuous thread will be destroyed.

Commercial sericulture involves

killing the pupae inside by baking the

cocoons.

Silk moths. the life cycle of the silk moth has

several stages from egg to adult moth over a

period of about six to eight weeks. the egg

hatches into a caterpillar that sheds its skin

several times before enclosing itself in a cocoon

made of silk filament. inside the cocoon, it

transforms from caterpillar to moth, a process

known as metamorphosis.

COUNTRY Production ( 1000 kg)

Peoples Republic of China 290,003

India 77000

Uzbekistan 17000

Brazil 11000

Iran 6000

Thailand 5000

Vietnam 3000

Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 1500

Romania 1000

Japan 600

History Nylon is the first synthetic fiber manufactured by

man. Nylon is known for its high strength, elasticity,and resistance to oil and grease.

Nylon threads are used to produce fabrics, fishinglines and surgical threads. The first production ofnylon was in the late 1930s by the DuPont Co. usingchemicals extracted from coal, water, petroleum,natural gas and agricultural byproducts.

The process of making nylon thread consists of twostages called chemical combination (polymerization)and the manufacturing process (open polymerization).

Chemical Process-Polymerization

Stage one in nylon thread production is the chemical

process called polymerization. In this stage, nylon-

producing chemicals are combined and heated at

extremely high temperatures.

This heating process removes water and induces

polymerization when the small molecules combine to

form large molecules. A molten nylon substance is formed

and ready to move to the manufacturing process.

WHAT ARE THE USES OF NYLON?

Nylon is a high strength fibre. It is used for making fishing nets,

ropes, parachutes and type cords.

It is used for making fabrics in textile industry.

It is used for making fabrics in textile industry.

Crinkled nylon fibres are used for making elastic hosiery.

It is blended with wool to increase the strength.

Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester function group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters' the term ‘polyester’ as a specific material not commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate. Polyester include naturally occurring chemically such as in the cutin of plant cuticles' as well as synthetics through step growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.

Polyester are used to make bottles, films, tarpaulin, canoes, liquid crystal displays, hologram, filters, film insulation tapes.

Polyesters are widely used as finish on high quality wood products such as guitars, pianos and vehicle interiors. Thyrotrophic properties of spray applicable polyesters make them ideal for used on open-grain timbers, as they can quickly fill wood grain, with a high-build film thickness per coat.

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