SUPERCRITICAL FUEL SUPERCRITICAL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMINJECTION SYSTEM

SEMINAR ON:

PRESENTED BY:

MELBIN K MATHEWMELBIN K MATHEWNO: 31NO: 31S5 MECHANICALS5 MECHANICALGPTC KANNURGPTC KANNURmlbnkm1@gmail.commlbnkm1@gmail.com

• Developed in 1850sDeveloped in 1850s• Most commonly used for mobile Most commonly used for mobile

propulsion in vehicles.propulsion in vehicles.• Generally using fossil fuel Generally using fossil fuel

(mainly petroleum)(mainly petroleum)• Used around the globeUsed around the globe

IC ENGINES

CURRENT SCENARIO• 8,41,41,209 vehicles with IC 8,41,41,209 vehicles with IC

engines produced in the world engines produced in the world 20122012

• 41,45,194 in India.41,45,194 in India.• Production increased by 5.3% Production increased by 5.3%

last yearlast year• Fuel cost increasing day by day.Fuel cost increasing day by day.• Increased pollution.Increased pollution.

DRAWBACKSDRAWBACKS

AIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION

THERMAL LOSSESTHERMAL LOSSES

LOSSESLOSSES

• Engine Losses - 62.4 %Engine Losses - 62.4 %• Idling Losses - 17.2 %Idling Losses - 17.2 %• Accessories - 2.2 %Accessories - 2.2 %• Driveline Losses - 5.6 %Driveline Losses - 5.6 %• Aerodynamic Drag - 2.6 %Aerodynamic Drag - 2.6 %• Rolling Resistance - 4.2 %Rolling Resistance - 4.2 %• Inertia; Braking Losses - 5.8 % Inertia; Braking Losses - 5.8 %

SUPERCRITICAL FUEL SUPERCRITICAL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM INJECTION SYSTEM (TRANSONIC COMBUSTION)(TRANSONIC COMBUSTION)

SUPERCRITICAL FUEL SUPERCRITICAL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMINJECTION SYSTEM

• Fuel is heated beyond thermodynamic critical point.

• Heating is in the presence of a catalyst.

• Fuel injection is using a specially designed fuel injector.

• FUEL USED IS PETROL (GASOLINE).• COMPRESSION IGNITION IS USED.

Supercritical fluidSupercritical fluid

• any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point.

• distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist in this condition.

• small changes in pressure or temperature result in large changes in density

MAJOR PARTSMAJOR PARTS

• High Pressure Fuel Pump.High Pressure Fuel Pump.• Engine control unit (ECU)Engine control unit (ECU)• Fuel conditioning module.Fuel conditioning module.• Heat exchanger.Heat exchanger.• Fuel rails.Fuel rails.• Fuel Injectors.Fuel Injectors.

HIGH PRESSURE FUEL HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMPPUMP

• An electric fuel pump.An electric fuel pump.• Equipped with an Electronic Equipped with an Electronic

Control Unit (ECU).Control Unit (ECU).• Increased safety.Increased safety.

ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPELECTRIC FUEL PUMP

FUEL CONDITIONING MODULEFUEL CONDITIONING MODULE

FUEL CONDITIONING MODULEFUEL CONDITIONING MODULE

• Fuel conditioning is an emerging technology Fuel conditioning is an emerging technology based on the discovery that high powered based on the discovery that high powered magnets placed in a particular pattern on magnets placed in a particular pattern on fuel feed lines cause the fuel to burn at a fuel feed lines cause the fuel to burn at a higher temperature and more efficiently.higher temperature and more efficiently.

BENEFITSBENEFITS• Carbon contribution to the Carbon contribution to the

atmosphere is reducedatmosphere is reduced• Reduced fuel consumption, 6% -Reduced fuel consumption, 6% -

15% reduction.15% reduction.• Less waste hydrocarbon in Less waste hydrocarbon in

emissions means that more of emissions means that more of the fuel is burnt.the fuel is burnt.

• A rise in flame temperature.A rise in flame temperature.

HEAT EXCHANGERHEAT EXCHANGER

HEAT EXCHANGERHEAT EXCHANGER

• A piece of equipment built for A piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one efficient heat transfer from one medium to another.medium to another.

• Uses heat from exhaust gases to Uses heat from exhaust gases to heat the fuel.heat the fuel.

• Tubular heat exchanger is used.Tubular heat exchanger is used.

FUEL RAIL (COMMON RAIL)FUEL RAIL (COMMON RAIL)

FUEL RAIL (COMMON FUEL RAIL (COMMON RAIL)RAIL)

• a pipe (usually resembling a rail) a pipe (usually resembling a rail) used to deliver fuel to individual used to deliver fuel to individual fuel injectors.fuel injectors.

• It is designed to have a pocket It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well or seat for each injector as well as an inlet for a fuel supply.as an inlet for a fuel supply.

FUEL INJECTORFUEL INJECTOR

FUEL INJECTORFUEL INJECTOR• When signalled by the ECU the When signalled by the ECU the

fuel injector opens and sprays fuel injector opens and sprays the pressurised supercritical fuel the pressurised supercritical fuel into the engine.into the engine.

• The duration that the injector is The duration that the injector is open (called the pulse width) is open (called the pulse width) is proportional to the amount of proportional to the amount of fuel delivered.fuel delivered.

INJECTED FUELINJECTED FUELNORMALNORMAL SUPERCRITICALSUPERCRITICAL

FUEL INJECTOR WORKINGFUEL INJECTOR WORKING

ELECTRONIC CONTROL ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITUNIT

FUNCTIONS OF ECUFUNCTIONS OF ECU

• Air- fuel ratio control.• Variable valve timing control.• Idle speed control.• Fuel injection.• Error detection.• Monitoring temperature and other

sensors etc.• (VIDEO)

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

• About 50 % increase in About 50 % increase in efficiency.efficiency.

• Perfect combustion of fuel.Perfect combustion of fuel.• Less pollution.Less pollution.

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

• Costly.Costly.• Need regular maintenance.Need regular maintenance.• ECU can be hacked.ECU can be hacked.

REFERENCES• Wikimedia.Wikimedia.• Wikipedia.Wikipedia.• Team BHP.Team BHP.• United States Patents - 2011/0057049 United States Patents - 2011/0057049

A1.A1.• Howstuffworks – Auto.Howstuffworks – Auto.• MIT Technology Review.MIT Technology Review.• Green Autoblog.Green Autoblog.• SAE INTERNATIONAL.SAE INTERNATIONAL.

QUESTIONS ?QUESTIONS ?

THANK YOU THANK YOU