sunil sabharwal - international atomic energy agency · pdf fileoverview of e-beam technology...
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Overview of e-beam technology and
technical cooperation applications
for containment management and
disposal
Sunil Sabharwal International Atomic Energy Agency
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Greenhouse Effect
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Conventional curing leaves toxic residues!!
Carcinogenic nitrosoamines are
present in high concentrations in
most of the rubber products
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Serious Matters of Concern
• Increasing CO2 levels in atmosphere
• Increasing NOx and SO2 levels in
atmosphere
• Increasing VOCs in air
• Toxic chemical additives in products
• Sewage sludge
• Industrial waste disposal
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Expectations from new technologies
• Energy Saving
• Must provide superior products
• Environment friendly
• Cost effective
• Public acceptance
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Thermal energy is very strongly
coupled to Translational,
Rotational and Vibrational
modes of the energy absorber.
Ionization, bond rupture and
other processes leading to
chemical reactions occur P. E.
only in the high energy region
of the Maxwellian tail.
Ionizing radiation is almost entirely absorbed by the electronic structure of absorber,
which increases the energy level of its orbital electrons.
Effective, Efficient generator of reactive Species.
How is Radiation Different from Thermal energy ?
Energy in the form of large quanta can have more pronounced
chemical effects than energy in the form of small quanta
Ionizing Radiation
Internuclear distance
Thermal energy
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Applications of Electron Beam
Technology
Crosslinking of polymers
Degradation of high molecular weight materials
Curing of polymer coatings
Graft polymerization
Sterilization of medical products
Food irradiation
Sewage Sludge Hygienization
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Radiation Crosslinking
-4-
Improvement by crosslinking
1.Heat stability
2.High strength
3.Processability
4.insoluble
Advantages ・Clean ・Without heat ・Keep shape
・High speed
Film, Powder
Solution
Polymer chains
Electron beam
Crosslinking
Radicals
IARP-2009
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How we use these radiation sources?
MODIFICAÇÃO DE PROPRIEDADES DE POLIMEROS
Radiation can initiate
chemical reactions
Irradiate materials or products that need modification
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-1-
1. Radiation Crosslinking of Polymer Materials
2. Car Parts Produced by Crosslinking technology
• Wire and Cable
• Foam
• Shrinkable Tube
• Tire
• Polyswitch
IARP-2009
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How we use electron beams?
Radiation can destroy microbes
Irradiate packaged goods
for sterilization
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Energy Demand to Dry/Cure Coatings
System Solvent Solvent Water EB cure
Solids 30% 40% 40% 100%
Diluent heptane toluene water none
Boiling
Point, 98 0C 111 0C 100 0C -
Vapour
pressure at
20 0C
35 mm
Hg
22 mm Hg 17 mm Hg -
Heat of
vapourization
(cal/gm
diluent)
76 88 540 -
Energy to dry
1g dried
coating
740 555 3390 30 at
30 kGy
Ref: A.J.Berejka, IAEA-TECDOC-1386, 2004, 6 65-72
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Scale of utilization of radiation
in various industries
32%
33%
17%
5%
6%
7% SURFACE CURING
WIRE, CABLE,TUBING
SHRINK FILM
TIRES
OTHER
SERVICE
Over US$ 85 Billion industry!
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Wastewater Treatment
Flue gas Purification Sludge Hygienization
Electrons Beam Applications
for Protection of the Environment
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Tackling environmental challenges
Acid rain
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Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment (EBFGT)
NH3 Process Vessel
By Product
Collector
Stack
Fertilizer
Electron Beam
Flue
Gas
Spray
Cooler
Boiler
Air Preheater
AirDry ESP
GGH
Plant set up with the assistance of IAEA
Fertilizer
By product
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Polluted industrial and municipal wastewater
Dye
Detergents
Solid waste
Pharmaceutical residues
Toxic waste….
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Persistent organic compounds
(POP’s : Pesticides, dyes, etc.
Not persistent compounds present
in lower concentrations but heavily
toxic E.g. pharmaceutical
compound
Water pollutants
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Water Molecule
Harmful
Organic
in
Waste
water
eaq
OH* H* H2O2
Active Radicals
Complete
Decomposition
Partial
Decomposition
Suspended solid
Monomer to
Polymerization
Removal of
Toxic group
Removal of Color, Odor
H2O,CO2
Coagu
lation
Bio-
Treat
Principles of Wastewater treatment with e- beam
H
O H
CRP on Treatment of Waste waters by radiation technology for
reuse (2011- continuing)
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WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Daegu, Korea
Animation and Photograph: Courtsey Dr Bumsoo Han
First pilot plant set up with
assistance of IAEA
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Bio solidsTreatment
Animation and Photograph: Courtsey Dr Bumsoo Han
Conventional treatment plant
Treatment of domestic sewage sludge
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Utilization of enriched hygienized sewage sludge and water for growing
grapes in Gujarat in the area where most of the land has very low fertility
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Cln Clm
e- e-
e- e- e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
E-beam 발생기
가속된 전자
e-
PCB의 탈염소화
Cl-
Biphenyl
Treatment of PCBs using Electron Beam Accelerator
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Slide Courtsey: Dr Bumsoo Han
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Thank you!